809:, with no difference in plumage and little in size between males and females. The juvenile vulture has a dark bill and eyes, and a downy, gray neck that soon begins to turn the orange of an adult. Younger vultures are a slate gray overall, and, while they look similar to the adult by the third year, they do not completely molt into adult plumage until they are around five or six years of age. Jack Eitniear of the Center for the Study of Tropical Birds in San Antonio, Texas reviewed the plumage of birds in captivity of various ages and found that ventral feathers were the first to begin turning white from two years of age onwards, followed by wing feathers, until the full adult plumage was achieved. The final immature stages being a scattered black feathers in the otherwise white lesser wing coverts.
771:, the king vulture is the largest of the New World vultures. Its overall length ranges from 67 to 81 cm (26â32 in) and its wingspan is 1.2 to 2 m (4â7 ft). Its weight ranges from 2.7 to 4.5 kg (6â10 lb). An imposing bird, the adult king vulture has predominantly white plumage, which has a slight rose-yellow tinge to it. In stark contrast, the wing coverts, flight feathers, and tail are dark grey to black, as is the prominent thick neck ruff. The head and neck are devoid of feathers, the skin shades of red and purple on the head, vivid orange on the neck, and yellow on the throat. On the head, the skin is wrinkled and folded, and there is a highly noticeable irregular golden crest attached to the
965:
940:, it generally lives alone or in small family groups. Groups of up to 12 birds have been observed bathing and drinking in a pool above a waterfall in Belize. One or two birds generally descend to feed on a carcass, although occasionally up to ten or so may gather if there is a significant amount of food. King vultures have lived up to 30 years in captivity, though a male transferred from the Sacramento Zoo to the Queens Zoo is over 47 years old. Vivian, a female King Vulture at Cameron Park Zoo in Waco, TX, turned 70 years old in 2022 and is the oldest known King Vulture in an AZA-accredited facility. Their lifespan in the wild is unknown. This vulture uses
999:âthey are helpless when born but are covered in downy feathers (truly altricial birds are born naked), and their eyes are open at birth. Developing quickly, the chicks are fully alert by their second day, able to beg and wriggle around the nest, preen themselves, and peck by their third day. They start growing their second coat of white down by day 10 and stand on their toes by day 20. From one to three months of age, chicks walk around and explore the vicinity of the nest, and take their first flights at about three months of age.
976:
752:
101:
1020:) whose combined ranges coincide largely with that of this vulture, but elsewhere it has adapted well to domestic livestock. Principally a carrion eater, there are isolated reports of it killing and eating injured animals, newborn calves, and small lizards. Although it locates food by vision, the role smell has in how it specifically finds carrion has been debated. Consensus has been that it does not detect odours, and instead follows the smaller
655:
76:
913:
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49:
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227:
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is easily distinguishable by the knob on the bird's beak and by the concentric circles that make up the bird's eyes. Sometimes the bird is portrayed as a god with a human body and a bird head. According to Maya mythology, this god often carried messages between humans and the other gods. It may also
1065:, with an estimated range of 14 million square kilometres (5,400,000 sq mi) and between 10,000 and 100,000 wild individuals. However, there is evidence that suggests a decline in population, though it is not significant enough to cause it to be listed. This decline is due primarily to
920:
The king vulture soars for hours effortlessly, only flapping its wings infrequently. While in flight, its wings are held flat with slightly raised tips, and from a distance the vulture can appear to be headless while in flight. Its wing beats are deep and strong. Birds have been observed engaging in
1032:
sense. The king vulture primarily eats carrion found in the forest, though it is known to venture onto nearby savannas in search of food. Once it has found a carcass, the king vulture displaces the other vultures because of its large size and strong bill. However, when it is at the same kill as the
737:
Harper noticed that
Bartram's notes were considerably altered and expanded in the printed edition, and the detail of the white tail appeared in print for the first time in this revised account. Harper believed that Bartram could have tried to fill in details of the bird from memory and got the tail
573:
conforms in general form and curvature except for its greater size and robustness." The large span in time between the existence of the two species suggests that the Kern vulture might be distinct, but as the fossil is somewhat damaged and rather non-diagnostic, even assignment to this genus is not
899:
in more open habitats. King vultures generally do not live above 1,500 m (5,000 ft), although are found in places at 2,500 m (8,000 ft) altitude east of the Andes, and have been rarely recorded up to 3,300 m (11,000 ft) They inhabit the emergent forest level, or above
994:
in its nest in a hollow in a tree. To ward off potential predators, the vultures keep their nests foul-smelling. Both parents incubate the egg for 52 to 58 days before it hatches. If the egg is lost, it will often be replaced after about six weeks. The parents share incubating and brooding duties
689:
during the 1770s. This bird's description matches the appearance of the king vulture except that it had a white, not black, tail. Bartram describes the bird as being relatively common and even claimed to have collected one. However, no other naturalists recorded the painted vulture in
Florida and
437:
There are two theories on how the king vulture earned the "king" part of its common name. The first is that the name is a reference to its habit of displacing smaller vultures from a carcass and eating its fill while they wait. An alternative theory reports that the name is derived from
1037:, the king vulture always defers to it. Using its bill to tear, it makes the initial cut in a fresh carcass. This allows the smaller, weaker-beaked vultures, which can not open the hide of a carcass, access to the carcass after the king vulture has fed. The vulture's tongue is
1756:
Tagliarini, Marcella
MergulhĂŁo; Pieczarka, Julio Cesar; Nagamachi, Cleusa Yoshiko; Rissino, Jorge; de Oliveira, Edivaldo Herculano C. (2009). "Chromosomal analysis in Cathartidae: distribution of heterochromatic blocks and rDNA, and phylogenetic considerations".
3203:
990:. An adult king vulture sexually matures when it is about four or five years old, with females maturing slightly earlier than males. The birds mainly breed during the dry season. A king vulture mates for life and generally lays a single unmarked white
782:
The king vulture has, relative to its size, the largest skull and braincase, and strongest bill, of the New World vultures. This bill has a hooked tip and a sharp cutting edge. The bird has broad wings and a short, broad, and square tail. The
742:
and finally disappeared during a cold spell. Additionally, William McAtee, noting the tendency of birds to form
Floridian subspecies, suggested that the white tail could be a sign that the painted vulture was a subspecies of the king vulture.
316:
on its beak. This vulture is a scavenger and it often makes the initial cut into a fresh carcass. It also displaces smaller New World vulture species from a carcass. King vultures have been known to live for up to 30 years in captivity.
1007:
The king vulture eats anything from cattle carcasses down to corpses of monkeys and other arboreal mammals to beached fish and dead lizards. In densely forested areas, mammals likely to be included are many of the abundant sloths
738:
coloration wrong. Harper and several other researchers have attempted to prove the former existence of the king vulture, or a close relative, in
Florida at this late date, suggesting that the population was in the process of
705:
argued that the painted vulture was mythical and that
Bartram mixed elements of different species to create this bird. Allen pointed out that the birds' behavior, as recorded by Bartram, is in complete agreement with the
485:
evolved from different ancestors in different parts of the world. Just how different the two are is currently under debate, with some earlier authorities suggesting that the New World vultures are more closely related to
3980:
1041:-like, which allows it to pull flesh off of the carcass's bones. Generally, it only eats the skin and harder parts of the tissue of its meal. The king vulture has also been recorded eating fallen fruit of the
1028:, which do have a sense of smell, to a carcass, but a 1991 study demonstrated that the king vulture could find carrion in the forest without the aid of other vultures, suggesting that it locates food using an
2219:
1695:
Ericson, Per G. P.; Anderson, Cajsa L.; Britton, Tom; ElĆŒanowski, Andrzej; Johansson, Ulf S.; Kallersjö, Mari; Ohlson, Jan I.; Parsons, Thomas J.; Zuccon, Dario; Mayr, Gerald (2006).
1120:
The bird's blood and feathers were also used to cure diseases. The king vulture is also a popular subject on the stamps of the countries within its range. It appeared on a stamp for
904:
in central
Argentina, over 700 km (450 miles) south of its current range, giving rise to speculation on the habitat there at the time which had not been thought to be suitable.
924:
Despite its size and gaudy coloration, this vulture is quite inconspicuous when it is perched in trees. While perched, it holds its head lowered and thrust forward. It is
1226:
Systema naturae per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata
864:
986:
The reproductive behaviour of the king vulture in the wild is poorly known, and much knowledge has been gained from observing birds in captivity, particularly at the
4045:
434:. Some authors have even put these species in a separate subfamily from the other New World vultures, though most authors consider this subdivision unnecessary.
312:. The head and neck are bald, with the skin color varying, including yellow, orange, blue, purple, and red. The king vulture has a very noticeable orange fleshy
4084:
823:
Dark-plumaged immature birds may be confused with turkey vultures, but soar with flat wings, while the pale-plumaged adults could feasibly be confused with the
812:
The vulture's head and neck are featherless as an adaptation for hygiene, though there are black bristles on parts of the head; this lack of feathers prevents
508:, but notes that a move to Falconiformes or Cathartiformes is possible. Like other New World vultures, the king vulture has a diploid chromosome number of 80.
1605:
Remsen, J. V. Jr.; C. D. Cadena; A. Jaramillo; M. Nores; J. F. Pacheco; M. B. Robbins; T. S. Schulenberg; F. G. Stiles; D. F. Stotz & K. J. Zimmer. 2007.
4270:
944:, defecating on its legs, to lower its body temperature. Despite its bill and large size, it is relatively unaggressive at a kill. The king vulture lacks a
1147:
Because of its large size and beauty, the king vulture is an attraction at zoos around the world. The king vulture is one of several bird species with an
948:, although it can make low croaking noises and wheezing sounds in courtship, and bill-snapping noises when threatened. Its only natural predators are
726:) was believed to be common and conspicuous in Bartram's days, but it is notably absent from Bartram's notes if the painted vulture is accepted as a
4229:
4019:
2966:
Ferguson-Lees, J. & Christie, D.A. & Franklin, K. & Mead, D. & Burton, P.. (2001). Raptors of the world. Helm
Identification Guides.
642:
lineage. The fossil record, though scant, supports the theory that the ancestral king vultures and South
American condors separated at least some 5
1517:
4058:
879:
or marshy places in the forests. This bird is often the most numerous or only vulture present in primary lowland forests in its range, but in the
495:
2616:
442:
legends, in which the bird was a king who served as a messenger between humans and the gods. This bird was also known as the "white crow" by the
2822:
3162:
4123:
2687:
2470:
2191:
1920:
1418:
4300:
964:
694:
described as the most inviting problem in North
American ornithology. An independent account and painting was made of a similar bird by
1696:
987:
1299:
921:
tandem flight on two occasions in Venezuela by naturalist Marsha Schlee, who has proposed it could be a part of courtship behaviour.
371:
4280:
3264:
2948:
2715:
2599:
2574:
2549:
2524:
2489:
2440:
2403:
2267:
2233:
2110:
1963:
1903:
1682:
1642:
1587:
1557:
1357:
1283:
1148:
411:
1305:
Zoologie analytique : ou, MĂ©thode naturelle de classification des animaux; endue plus facile a l'aide de tableaux synoptiques
4295:
4242:
4175:
1611:
4290:
4285:
718:. Such behavior is typical of caracaras, but the larger and shorter-legged king vultures are not well adapted for walking. The
349:
216:
2000:
3212:
3126:
4063:
2977:
426:"bishop", alluding to the bird's plumage resembling the clothing of one. The king vulture's closest living relative is the
3356:
3148:
1073:. Although distinctive, its habit of perching in tall trees and flying at high altitudes renders it difficult to monitor.
1025:
884:
2855:
3346:
1928:
933:
888:
548:
100:
3944:
835:
The king vulture inhabits an estimated 14 million square kilometres (5,400,000 sq mi) between southern
734:
argued that the bird could, as in the 1930s, have been rare in the area Bartram visited and could have been missed.
1996:
731:
631:
4089:
3007:
2773:
2312:
1851:
1804:
1441:
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of the extant group, especially in North America. The Kern vulture seems to slightly precede the main bout of the
3067:
3040:
2361:
1921:"A Re-evaluation of Some Fossils Identified as Vultures (Aves: Vulturidae) from Quaternary Cave Deposits of Cuba"
791:. Unlike some New World vultures, the king vulture lacks eyelashes. It also has gray legs and long, thick claws.
975:
4097:
2123:
995:
until the chick is about a week old, after which they often stand guard rather than brood. The young are semi-
3620:
562:
4102:
1313:
3931:
3848:
3650:
2493:
937:
896:
3949:
3886:
4149:
3827:
3257:
3207:
1521:
901:
195:
4247:
4180:
2651:
1198:
520:, which today contains only the king vulture, had a wider distribution in the past. The Kern vulture (
4275:
4006:
3913:
3895:
3785:
3776:
3760:
3751:
3610:
3590:
2826:
2635:
1859:
1812:
1449:
707:
2621:
s Dumeril 1806 (Ciconiiformes: Vulturidae) from the Pleistocene of Buenos Aires province, Argentina"
3170:
2249:
1668:
1117:) was also considered to be the bird depicted, but the hooked bill and wattle point to the raptor.
1102:
1066:
603:
65:
1937:
3735:
3726:
2335:
2146:
2084:
2027:
1876:
1829:
1782:
1466:
482:
239:
95:
31:
4154:
3197:
2225:
1046:
751:
558:
541:
4050:
1275:
1267:
4136:
4076:
3967:
3600:
3515:
3506:
3492:
3431:
3422:
3313:
3142:
2944:
2885:
2711:
2683:
2595:
2570:
2545:
2520:
2466:
2436:
2263:
2259:
2253:
2229:
2187:
2106:
2076:
1959:
1899:
1774:
1731:
1678:
1638:
1583:
1553:
1414:
1406:
1353:
1279:
880:
820:
it eats from ruining its feathers and exposes the skin to the sterilizing effects of the sun.
806:
474:
439:
282:
162:
2940:
2934:
2677:
2460:
2430:
2181:
1577:
4141:
3710:
3701:
3565:
3556:
3250:
2915:
2799:
Baker, Aaron J.; Whitacre, David F.; Aguirre, Oscar (1996). "Observations of king vultures (
2643:
2327:
2138:
2068:
2019:
1868:
1821:
1766:
1739:
1721:
1713:
1458:
1193:
1110:
945:
776:
719:
702:
638:. The Kern vulture would therefore represent a northwards divergence possibly sister to the
627:
575:
478:
313:
285:
3936:
1498:
1310:
The book bears the date of 1806 on the title page but was actually published in 1805. See:
654:
4110:
3900:
3630:
3540:
3531:
2906:
Schlee, Marsha A. (1994). "Reproductive Biology in King Vultures at the Paris Menagerie".
1704:
1615:
1224:
682:
635:
399:
354:
274:
2732:
308:
Large and predominantly white, the king vulture has gray to black ruff, flight, and tail
3110:
2639:
1175:
494:
along with the Old World vultures or place them in their own order, Cathartiformes. The
291:. This vulture lives predominantly in tropical lowland forests stretching from southern
3685:
3676:
3640:
3336:
2919:
1726:
1664:
1628:
1152:
1106:
1021:
929:
925:
892:
784:
570:
566:
504:
152:
1606:
4264:
4071:
3456:
3447:
3381:
3372:
2407:
1374:
1220:
1184:
1058:
1034:
991:
844:
695:
690:
sixty years after the sighting, its validity began to be questioned, leading to what
658:
634:, and notably the living diversity of New World vultures seems to have originated in
525:
499:
491:
427:
403:
379:
345:
325:
278:
212:
85:
80:
1786:
1673:
1303:
4220:
4193:
3985:
3972:
3660:
2088:
2035:
1632:
1093:
1081:
1042:
912:
544:
333:
321:
172:
3959:
2287:
1547:
1492:
794:
2647:
827:, although the latter's long neck and legs allow for easy recognition from afar.
17:
4167:
4032:
3880:
3224:
2289:
A descriptive catalogue of the raptorial birds in the Norfolk and Norwich museum
1697:"Diversification of Neoaves: integration of molecular sequence data and fossils"
1437:
1272:
Volume 2: New World Vultures to Guineafowl of Handbook of the Birds of the World
1121:
969:
941:
763:
Side view of head, showing the king vulture's distinctive colorful head and beak
691:
470:
288:
1092:
The king vulture is one of the most common species of birds represented in the
4188:
3822:
3484:
2072:
2059:
Snyder, N. F. R.; Fry, J. T. (2013). "Validity of Bartram's Painted Vulture".
1770:
1086:
980:
824:
798:
715:
643:
587:
533:
57:
3871:
2889:
3327:
3236:
3228:
3169:. Silver Spring, MD: Association of Zoos and Aquariums. 2010. Archived from
1347:
1141:
1129:
1029:
1010:
996:
952:, which will prey upon the vulture's eggs and young, and large cats such as
872:
860:
840:
615:
375:
296:
112:
2080:
1778:
1735:
1717:
536:), some 3.5â2.5 million years ago). It was a little-known component of the
48:
2710:(Second ed.). Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 84.
759:
661:'s 1734 drawing which has sometimes been identified as a "painted vulture"
226:
4214:
4115:
3923:
3865:
3291:
3232:
1579:
Mesoamerica after the decline of Teotihuacan, A.D. 700â900, Parts 700â900
1133:
1070:
1016:
856:
813:
711:
623:
529:
447:
390:, "crooked beak of bird of prey"). The genus name is often misspelled as
363:
132:
2985:
Bird Strike Committee USA/Canada, 5th Joint Annual Meeting, Toronto, ONT
477:
remains unclear. Though both are similar in appearance and have similar
414:
in 1841, but this classification is not used in modern literature since
406:
with the previous word-element. The bird was also assigned to the genus
324:
as well as in local folklore and medicine. Although currently listed as
4234:
4024:
3908:
3488:
3273:
3220:
2777:
2708:
A Guide to the Birds of Panama with Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Honduras
2339:
2150:
2031:
1880:
1833:
1470:
1137:
868:
852:
817:
739:
686:
619:
551:
537:
490:. More recent authorities maintain their overall position in the order
455:
418:
has priority as the earlier name. The species name is derived from the
309:
3044:
3285:
3216:
1674:
Phylogeny and Classification of Birds: A Study in Molecular Evolution
1618:
South American Classification Committee. Retrieved on 15 October 2007
1125:
953:
836:
788:
768:
622:
New World vultures are usually younger or even more fragmentary. The
554:
487:
292:
122:
4037:
3998:
3842:
2331:
2142:
2023:
1872:
1825:
1462:
1270:. In del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi (') (eds.).
4162:
3993:
1097:
1080:
974:
963:
949:
911:
876:
848:
793:
758:
750:
653:
595:
443:
419:
4128:
4011:
2459:
Henderson, Carrol L.; Adams, Steve; Skutch, Alexander F. (2010).
3581:
3297:
2592:
Birds of Northern South America: An Identification Guide. Vol. 1
2542:
Birds of Northern South America: An Identification Guide. Vol. 2
1062:
1038:
772:
599:
591:
583:
329:
270:
142:
3846:
3811:
3482:
3310:
3246:
473:
placement of the king vulture and the remaining six species of
3129:. Bird Stamps. Archived from the original on November 17, 2000
1318:, and the potential confusion caused by Froriep's translation
1169:
1167:
386:, "flesh", the combining form of which is ÏαÏÎșÎż-) and áż„ÎŹÎŒÏÎżÏ (
2018:(4). Lancaster, PA: American Ornithologist's Union: 381â392.
1381:. Division of Birds at the National Museum of Natural History
956:, which may surprise and kill an adult vulture at a carcass.
701:
While most early ornithologists defended Bartram's honesty,
3242:
2590:
Restall, Robin; Rodner, Clemencia; Lentino, Miguel (2006).
2540:
Restall, Robin; Rodner, Clemencia; Lentino, Miguel (2006).
2221:
A Guide to the Birds of Mexico and Northern Central America
30:
For the Asian species formerly known by the same name, see
2429:
Hilty, Stephen L.; Brown, William L.; Brown, Bill (1986).
2978:"Through a Birds Eye: Exploring Avian Sensory Perception"
2962:
2960:
2682:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 84.
2435:. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 88.
2137:(1). Lancaster, PA: American Ornithologist's Union: 104.
1805:"Bird Remains from the Kern River Pliocene of California"
900:
the canopy. Pleistocene remains have been recovered from
2255:
The Audubon Society Encyclopedia of North American Birds
1898:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 12.
1958:. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 6.
3008:"Foraging behavior of a guild of Neotropical vultures"
1608:
A classification of the bird species of South America.
1151:
studbook, which is kept by Shelly Collinsworth of the
710:'s. For example, Bartram observed the birds following
618:
history of the genus, mainly because remains of other
3109:
Tozzer, Alfred Marston; Glover Morrill Allen (1910).
1229:(in Latin). Holmiae. (Laurentii Salvii). p. 86.
2733:"First record of tandem flying in the King Vulture (
578:, another species probably assignable to the genus,
4204:
3855:
3774:
3749:
3724:
3699:
3674:
3579:
3554:
3529:
3504:
3445:
3420:
3395:
3370:
3325:
1634:
Distribution and Taxonomy of the Birds of the World
1497:. London: Routledge, Warne and Routledge. pp.
1576:Diehl, Richard A.; Berlo, Janet Catherine (1989).
1231:V. naribus carunculatis, vertice colloque denudate
779:does not fully form until the bird's fourth year.
332:, they are decreasing in number, due primarily to
2186:. Houghton Mifflin Company. pp. 88, 315â16.
1199:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22697645A93627003.en
875:with these forests nearby. It is often seen near
787:of its eyes are white and bordered by bright red
2706:Ridgely, Robert S.; Gwynne, John A. Jr. (1989).
2180:Ferguson-Lees, James; Christie, David A (2001).
1375:"Richmond Index â Genera Aaptus â Zygodactylus"
299:. It is the only surviving member of the genus
3258:
2224:. New York: Oxford University Press. p.
1798:
1796:
344:The king vulture was originally described by
27:Large bird found in Central and South America
8:
3072:) forage in moriche and cucurit palm stands"
2939:. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books. p.
2454:
2452:
2281:
2279:
1346:Liddell, Henry George; Robert Scott (1980).
569:'s original description, "ompared with the
362:, the type specimen originally collected in
2901:
2899:
2484:
2482:
1845:
1843:
649:
3843:
3808:
3501:
3479:
3322:
3307:
3265:
3251:
3243:
2880:de Roy, Tui (1998). "King of the Jungle".
2875:
2873:
2701:
2699:
2615:Noriega, Jorge I.; Areta, Juan I. (2005).
2515:Ridgely, Robert; Greenfield, Paul (2001).
2362:"Estimating age classes in king vultures (
1432:
1430:
320:King vultures were popular figures in the
225:
74:
47:
38:
2767:
2765:
2465:. University of Texas Press. p. 66.
2218:Howell, Steve N.G.; Webb, Sophie (1995).
2213:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2203:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1725:
1457:(4). The Condor, Vol. 79, No. 4: 413â16.
1268:"Family Cathartidae (New World vultures)"
1197:
1105:, the thirteenth day of the month in the
2628:Journal of South American Earth Sciences
2567:Birds of Prey: Their biology and ecology
2519:. Cornell University Press. p. 74.
2326:(2). The Condor, Vol. 45, No. 2: 69â73.
1413:. Infobase Publishing. pp. 557â60.
1400:
1398:
1396:
586:. A supposed king vulture relative from
498:has removed the New World vultures from
3104:
3102:
3100:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2167:
1601:
1599:
1571:
1569:
1541:
1539:
1512:
1510:
1508:
1349:Greek-English Lexicon, Abridged Edition
1308:(in French). Paris: Allais. p. 32.
1163:
496:South American Classification Committee
3140:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2490:"Species factsheet: Sarcoramphus papa"
2398:
2396:
2394:
1852:"The skulls of the Cathartid vultures"
1373:Peterson, Alan P. (23 December 2007).
1261:
1259:
775:above its orange and black bill; this
1520:. National Geographic. Archived from
1274:. Barcelona: Lynx edicions. pp.
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
887:, while typically outnumbered by the
883:, it is typically outnumbered by the
305:, although fossil members are known.
234:The distribution of the king vulture
7:
2594:. Christopher Helm. pp. 80â83.
2313:"The Pterylosis of the King Vulture"
2122:McAtee, William Lee (January 1942).
863:. It primarily inhabits undisturbed
340:Etymology, taxonomy, and systematics
4271:IUCN Red List least concern species
1442:"Notes on the Taxonomy of Vultures"
1352:. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
1185:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
714:to scavenge for burned insects and
3112:Animal Figures in the Maya Codices
3006:Lemon, William C (December 1991).
2920:10.1111/j.1748-1090.1994.tb03570.x
2772:Bellinger, Jack (March 25, 1997).
2462:Birds of Costa Rica: A Field Guide
2105:: Ebury, London/Viking, New York.
25:
2936:Vulture: Nature's Ghastly Gourmet
2823:"King Vulture | Cameron Park Zoo"
1314:"The two 'editions' of Duméril's
412:Constantin Wilhelm Lambert Gloger
398:, improperly retaining the Greek
366:. It was reassigned to the genus
2544:. Christopher Helm. p. 68.
2432:A guide to the birds of Colombia
2311:Fisher, Harvey I. (March 1943).
547:. The only material is a broken
99:
3200:on the Internet Bird Collection
2676:Schulenberg, Thomas S. (2007).
2360:Eitniear, Jack Clinton (1996).
2258:. New York, NY: Knopf. p.
1549:The illustrated natural history
1494:The illustrated natural history
1174:BirdLife International (2016).
847:, it does not live west of the
574:completely certain. During the
1956:Vulture Biology and Management
1936:(1â2): 110â111. Archived from
1896:Vulture Biology and Management
1026:greater yellow-headed vultures
594:turned out to be bones of the
1:
3357:Greater yellow-headed vulture
2517:Birds of Ecuador: Field Guide
1312:Gregory, Steven M.S. (2010).
885:greater yellow-headed vulture
767:Excluding the two species of
3347:Lesser yellow-headed vulture
2648:10.1016/j.jsames.2005.05.004
2103:The Doomsday Book of Animals
1929:Caribbean Journal of Science
372:André Marie Constant Duméril
370:in 1805 by French zoologist
4301:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
2774:"King Vulture AZA Studbook"
2366:) using plumage coloration"
2286:Gurney, John Henry (1864).
2124:"Bartram's Painted Vulture"
1631:; Monroe, Burt L.. (1990).
685:'s notes of his travels in
650:Bartram's "painted vulture"
512:Fossil record and evolution
502:and instead placed them in
4317:
3204:King vulture photo gallery
3079:Journal of Raptor Research
2976:Beason, Robert C. (2003).
2908:International Zoo Yearbook
2805:Journal of Raptor Research
2744:Journal of Raptor Research
2373:Journal of Raptor Research
1850:Fisher, Harvey L. (1944).
1685:. Retrieved 11 April 2007.
1546:Wood, John George (1862).
1491:Wood, John George (1862).
1057:This bird is a species of
1045:when carrion is scarce in
632:Great American Interchange
614:Little can be said of the
29:
3818:
3807:
3500:
3478:
3321:
3306:
3280:
3147:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
2803:) drinking and bathing".
2406:. Who Zoo. Archived from
2073:10.11646/zootaxa.3613.1.3
1771:10.1007/s10709-008-9278-2
1677:. Yale University Press.
1637:. Yale University Press.
1411:The Encyclopedia of Birds
805:The vulture is minimally
524:), lived in southwestern
378:compound formed from the
245:
238:
233:
224:
201:
194:
96:Scientific classification
94:
72:
63:
55:
46:
41:
4281:Birds of Central America
3163:"Vulture, King Studbook"
2987:. University of Nebraska
1954:Wilbur, Sanford (1983).
1919:SuĂĄrez, William (2001).
1894:Wilbur, Sanford (1983).
1803:Miller, Loye H. (1931).
1192:: e.T22697645A93627003.
1077:Relationship with humans
865:tropical lowland forests
831:Distribution and habitat
374:. The generic name is a
281:. It is a member of the
4296:Birds described in 1758
3790:Trigonoceps occipitalis
3436:Gymnogyps californianus
3184:(subscription required)
3066:Schlee, Marsha (2005).
2731:Schlee, Marsha (2001).
1405:Likoff, Laurie (2007).
1329:Zoological Bibliography
1300:Duméril, A. M. Constant
1085:Cozcacuauhtli from the
563:Kern County, California
4291:Birds of the Caribbean
4286:Birds of South America
3651:Slender-billed vulture
2882:International Wildlife
2858:. Animal Diversity Web
2569:. Hamlyn. p. 59.
2565:Brown, Leslie (1976).
2494:BirdLife International
1718:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0523
1266:Houston, D.C. (1994).
1089:
983:
972:
938:American black vulture
917:
897:American black vulture
859:and far north-western
802:
764:
756:
662:
56:Juvenile and adult in
4150:Paleobiology Database
3828:Indian vulture crisis
3715:Neophron percnopterus
3570:Gypohierax angolensis
3361:Cathartes melambrotus
3351:Cathartes burrovianus
3115:. Harvard University.
2933:Grady, Wayne (1997).
1552:. Oxford University.
1101:be used to represent
1084:
978:
967:
915:
902:Buenos Aires Province
797:
762:
754:
657:
522:Sarcoramphus kernense
3786:White-headed vulture
3761:Lappet-faced vulture
3690:Necrosyrtes monachus
3611:White-backed vulture
3591:White-rumped vulture
3041:"Ecology of Condors"
2780:on November 10, 2006
2183:Raptors of the World
1320:Analytische Zoologie
934:lesser yellow-headed
908:Ecology and behavior
889:lesser yellow-headed
851:, except in western
640:S. fisheri â S. papa
580:Sarcoramphus fisheri
481:, the New World and
3765:Torgos tracheliotos
3198:King vulture videos
3173:on 4 September 2011
2856:"Sarcoramphus papa"
2640:2005JSAES..20...73N
2634:(1â2 (SI)): 73â79.
2410:on 1 September 2014
2404:"Sarcoramphus papa"
2292:. Oxford University
2101:Day, David (1981):
2005:of William Bartram"
1316:Zoologie analytique
1067:habitat destruction
681:") is described in
626:held sway over the
604:Buteogallus borrasi
251:Linnaeus, 1758
66:Conservation status
3736:Red-headed vulture
3493:Old World vultures
3314:New World vultures
1665:Sibley, Charles G.
1629:Sibley, Charles G.
1614:2009-03-02 at the
1582:. pp. 36â37.
1379:The Richmond Index
1115:Meleagris ocellata
1090:
984:
973:
918:
807:sexually dimorphic
803:
765:
757:
672:Sarcoramphus sacra
663:
483:Old World vultures
475:New World vultures
32:Red-headed vulture
4258:
4257:
4194:Sarcoramphus-papa
4137:Open Tree of Life
3986:sarcoramphus-papa
3901:Sarcoramphus_papa
3887:Sarcoramphus papa
3857:Sarcoramphus papa
3849:Taxon identifiers
3840:
3839:
3836:
3835:
3803:
3802:
3799:
3798:
3655:Gyps tenuirostris
3621:RĂŒppell's vulture
3605:Gyps himalayensis
3601:Himalayan vulture
3545:Gypaetus barbatus
3520:Aegypius monachus
3516:Cinereous vulture
3474:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3432:California condor
3411:Sarcoramphus papa
3070:Sarcoramphus papa
3047:on 1 October 2006
2801:Sarcoramphus papa
2735:Sarcoramphus papa
2689:978-0-691-13023-1
2617:"First record of
2472:978-0-292-71965-1
2364:Sarcoramphus papa
2193:978-0-618-12762-7
1420:978-0-8160-5904-1
1178:Sarcoramphus papa
968:Egg exhibited at
881:Amazon rainforest
755:Soaring in Brazil
724:Caracara cheriway
590:cave deposits in
283:New World vulture
266:Sarcoramphus papa
257:
256:
205:Sarcoramphus papa
89:
18:Sarcoramphus papa
16:(Redirected from
4308:
4251:
4250:
4238:
4237:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4197:
4196:
4184:
4183:
4171:
4170:
4158:
4157:
4145:
4144:
4132:
4131:
4119:
4118:
4106:
4105:
4093:
4092:
4080:
4079:
4067:
4066:
4054:
4053:
4041:
4040:
4028:
4027:
4015:
4014:
4002:
4001:
3989:
3988:
3976:
3975:
3963:
3962:
3953:
3952:
3940:
3939:
3927:
3926:
3917:
3916:
3914:9306DA2F3B23E74C
3904:
3903:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3844:
3809:
3740:Sarcogyps calvus
3711:Egyptian vulture
3595:Gyps bengalensis
3566:Palm-nut vulture
3502:
3480:
3386:Coragyps atratus
3323:
3308:
3267:
3260:
3253:
3244:
3186:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3146:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3123:
3117:
3116:
3106:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3076:
3068:"King vultures (
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3043:. Archived from
3037:
3031:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3012:
3003:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2982:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2955:
2954:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2903:
2894:
2893:
2877:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2851:
2838:
2837:
2835:
2834:
2825:. Archived from
2819:
2813:
2812:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2776:. Archived from
2769:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2741:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2703:
2694:
2693:
2673:
2667:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2656:
2650:. Archived from
2625:
2612:
2606:
2605:
2587:
2581:
2580:
2562:
2556:
2555:
2537:
2531:
2530:
2512:
2506:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2456:
2447:
2446:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2417:
2415:
2400:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2370:
2357:
2351:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2317:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2283:
2274:
2273:
2246:
2240:
2239:
2215:
2198:
2197:
2177:
2162:
2161:
2159:
2157:
2128:
2119:
2113:
2099:
2093:
2092:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2040:
2034:. Archived from
2009:
1999:(October 1936).
1993:
1970:
1969:
1951:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1925:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1891:
1885:
1884:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1837:
1809:
1800:
1791:
1790:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1738:. Archived from
1729:
1701:
1692:
1686:
1669:Ahlquist, Jon E.
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1625:
1619:
1603:
1594:
1593:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1543:
1534:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1514:
1503:
1502:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1479:
1477:
1446:
1434:
1425:
1424:
1402:
1391:
1390:
1388:
1386:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1326:
1309:
1296:
1290:
1289:
1263:
1234:
1233:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1201:
1171:
1111:ocellated turkey
928:and, unlike the
855:, north-western
720:crested caracara
703:Joel Asaph Allen
628:ecological niche
576:Late Pleistocene
479:ecological roles
466:"bird of prey".
450:. It was called
252:
229:
207:
104:
103:
83:
78:
77:
51:
39:
21:
4316:
4315:
4311:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4306:
4305:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4254:
4246:
4241:
4233:
4228:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4200:
4192:
4187:
4179:
4174:
4166:
4161:
4153:
4148:
4140:
4135:
4127:
4122:
4114:
4111:Observation.org
4109:
4101:
4096:
4088:
4083:
4075:
4070:
4062:
4057:
4049:
4044:
4036:
4031:
4023:
4018:
4010:
4005:
3997:
3992:
3984:
3979:
3971:
3966:
3958:
3956:
3948:
3943:
3935:
3930:
3922:
3920:
3912:
3907:
3899:
3894:
3885:
3884:
3879:
3870:
3869:
3864:
3851:
3841:
3832:
3814:
3795:
3770:
3745:
3720:
3695:
3670:
3665:Gyps coprothere
3631:Griffon vulture
3625:Gyps rueppellii
3575:
3550:
3541:Bearded vulture
3525:
3496:
3466:
3441:
3416:
3391:
3366:
3317:
3302:
3276:
3271:
3239:) with RangeMap
3194:
3189:
3176:
3174:
3161:
3160:
3156:
3139:
3132:
3130:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3108:
3107:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3074:
3065:
3064:
3060:
3050:
3048:
3039:
3038:
3034:
3024:
3022:
3015:Wilson Bulletin
3010:
3005:
3004:
3000:
2990:
2988:
2980:
2975:
2974:
2970:
2965:
2958:
2951:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2905:
2904:
2897:
2879:
2878:
2871:
2861:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2841:
2832:
2830:
2821:
2820:
2816:
2798:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2771:
2770:
2763:
2753:
2751:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2718:
2705:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2623:
2614:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2589:
2588:
2584:
2577:
2564:
2563:
2559:
2552:
2539:
2538:
2534:
2527:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2488:
2487:
2480:
2473:
2458:
2457:
2450:
2443:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2413:
2411:
2402:
2401:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2368:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2344:
2342:
2332:10.2307/1364380
2315:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2295:
2293:
2285:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2236:
2217:
2216:
2201:
2194:
2179:
2178:
2165:
2155:
2153:
2143:10.2307/4079172
2126:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2100:
2096:
2058:
2057:
2053:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2024:10.2307/4078256
2007:
1997:Harper, Francis
1995:
1994:
1973:
1966:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1940:
1923:
1918:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1893:
1892:
1888:
1873:10.2307/1364013
1854:
1849:
1848:
1841:
1826:10.2307/1363312
1807:
1802:
1801:
1794:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1705:Biology Letters
1699:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1616:Wayback Machine
1604:
1597:
1590:
1575:
1574:
1567:
1560:
1545:
1544:
1537:
1527:
1525:
1524:on July 3, 2007
1516:
1515:
1506:
1490:
1489:
1485:
1475:
1473:
1463:10.2307/1367720
1444:
1436:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1404:
1403:
1394:
1384:
1382:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1360:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1324:
1311:
1298:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1265:
1264:
1237:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1161:
1079:
1055:
1005:
988:Paris Menagerie
962:
910:
833:
749:
683:William Bartram
667:painted vulture
652:
636:Central America
528:during the mid-
514:
458:, derived from
400:rough breathing
355:Systema Naturae
348:in 1758 in the
342:
250:
220:
209:
203:
190:
98:
90:
79:
75:
68:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4314:
4312:
4304:
4303:
4298:
4293:
4288:
4283:
4278:
4273:
4263:
4262:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4252:
4239:
4226:
4210:
4208:
4202:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4185:
4172:
4159:
4146:
4133:
4120:
4107:
4094:
4081:
4068:
4055:
4042:
4029:
4016:
4003:
3990:
3977:
3964:
3954:
3941:
3928:
3918:
3905:
3892:
3877:
3861:
3859:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3838:
3837:
3834:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3825:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:Related topics
3812:
3805:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3797:
3796:
3794:
3793:
3782:
3780:
3772:
3771:
3769:
3768:
3757:
3755:
3747:
3746:
3744:
3743:
3732:
3730:
3722:
3721:
3719:
3718:
3707:
3705:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3686:Hooded vulture
3682:
3680:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3668:
3658:
3648:
3641:Indian vulture
3638:
3628:
3618:
3615:Gyps africanus
3608:
3598:
3587:
3585:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3562:
3560:
3552:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3537:
3535:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3512:
3510:
3498:
3497:
3483:
3476:
3475:
3472:
3471:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3461:Vultur gryphus
3453:
3451:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3428:
3426:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3403:
3401:
3393:
3392:
3390:
3389:
3378:
3376:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3364:
3354:
3344:
3341:Cathartes aura
3337:Turkey vulture
3333:
3331:
3319:
3318:
3311:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3294:
3288:
3281:
3278:
3277:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3255:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3210:
3208:Photo-High Res
3201:
3193:
3192:External links
3190:
3188:
3187:
3154:
3127:"King Vulture"
3118:
3096:
3058:
3032:
2998:
2968:
2956:
2949:
2925:
2895:
2869:
2839:
2814:
2791:
2761:
2723:
2716:
2695:
2688:
2668:
2657:on 6 July 2011
2607:
2600:
2582:
2575:
2557:
2550:
2532:
2525:
2507:
2478:
2471:
2448:
2441:
2421:
2390:
2352:
2303:
2275:
2268:
2241:
2234:
2199:
2192:
2163:
2114:
2094:
2051:
1971:
1964:
1946:
1943:on 2011-10-01.
1911:
1904:
1886:
1867:(6): 272â296.
1839:
1792:
1765:(3): 299â304.
1748:
1745:on 2006-11-08.
1712:(4): 543â547.
1687:
1657:
1643:
1620:
1595:
1588:
1565:
1558:
1535:
1518:"King Vulture"
1504:
1483:
1426:
1419:
1407:"King Vulture"
1392:
1365:
1358:
1338:
1291:
1284:
1235:
1212:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1153:Fort Worth Zoo
1109:(13 Reed). An
1107:Aztec calendar
1078:
1075:
1054:
1051:
1004:
1001:
961:
958:
909:
906:
832:
829:
748:
745:
732:Francis Harper
651:
648:
582:, occurred in
567:Loye H. Miller
513:
510:
505:Incertae sedis
432:Vultur gryphus
341:
338:
255:
254:
243:
242:
236:
235:
231:
230:
222:
221:
210:
199:
198:
192:
191:
184:
182:
178:
177:
170:
166:
165:
160:
156:
155:
153:Cathartiformes
150:
146:
145:
140:
136:
135:
130:
126:
125:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
92:
91:
73:
70:
69:
64:
61:
60:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4313:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4287:
4284:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4272:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4249:
4244:
4240:
4236:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4216:
4212:
4211:
4209:
4207:
4203:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4177:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4125:
4121:
4117:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4086:
4082:
4078:
4073:
4069:
4065:
4060:
4056:
4052:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4021:
4017:
4013:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3982:
3978:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3955:
3951:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3925:
3919:
3915:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3897:
3893:
3888:
3882:
3878:
3873:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3854:
3850:
3845:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3810:
3806:
3791:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3766:
3762:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3741:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3716:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3703:
3698:
3691:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3666:
3662:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3642:
3639:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3626:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3602:
3599:
3596:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3578:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3563:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3528:
3521:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3481:
3477:
3462:
3458:
3457:Andean condor
3455:
3454:
3452:
3450:
3449:
3444:
3437:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3419:
3412:
3408:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3399:
3394:
3387:
3383:
3382:Black vulture
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3362:
3358:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3338:
3335:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3320:
3315:
3312:Cathartidae (
3309:
3305:
3299:
3295:
3293:
3289:
3287:
3283:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3268:
3263:
3261:
3256:
3254:
3249:
3248:
3245:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3191:
3185:
3172:
3168:
3164:
3158:
3155:
3150:
3144:
3128:
3122:
3119:
3114:
3113:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3084:
3080:
3073:
3071:
3062:
3059:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3020:
3016:
3009:
3002:
2999:
2986:
2979:
2972:
2969:
2963:
2961:
2957:
2952:
2950:0-87156-982-5
2946:
2942:
2938:
2937:
2929:
2926:
2921:
2917:
2914:(1): 159â75.
2913:
2909:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2884:(28): 52â57.
2883:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2857:
2854:Ormiston, D.
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2829:on 2022-08-02
2828:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2795:
2792:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2749:
2745:
2738:
2736:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2717:0-691-02512-6
2713:
2709:
2702:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2679:Birds of Peru
2672:
2669:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2620:
2611:
2608:
2603:
2601:0-7136-7242-0
2597:
2593:
2586:
2583:
2578:
2576:0-600-31306-9
2572:
2568:
2561:
2558:
2553:
2551:0-7136-7243-9
2547:
2543:
2536:
2533:
2528:
2526:0-8014-8721-8
2522:
2518:
2511:
2508:
2495:
2491:
2485:
2483:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2464:
2463:
2455:
2453:
2449:
2444:
2442:0-691-08372-X
2438:
2434:
2433:
2425:
2422:
2409:
2405:
2399:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2378:
2374:
2367:
2365:
2356:
2353:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2321:
2314:
2307:
2304:
2291:
2290:
2282:
2280:
2276:
2271:
2269:0-394-46651-9
2265:
2261:
2257:
2256:
2251:
2250:Terres, J. K.
2245:
2242:
2237:
2235:0-19-854012-4
2231:
2227:
2223:
2222:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2195:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2111:0-670-27987-0
2108:
2104:
2098:
2095:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2055:
2052:
2041:on 2016-03-03
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2006:
2004:
1998:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1965:0-520-04755-9
1961:
1957:
1950:
1947:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1930:
1922:
1915:
1912:
1907:
1905:0-520-04755-9
1901:
1897:
1890:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1814:
1806:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1752:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1707:
1706:
1698:
1691:
1688:
1684:
1683:0-300-04085-7
1680:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1666:
1661:
1658:
1646:
1644:0-300-04969-2
1640:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1591:
1589:0-88402-175-0
1585:
1581:
1580:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1561:
1559:0-19-913383-2
1555:
1551:
1550:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1496:
1495:
1487:
1484:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1399:
1397:
1393:
1380:
1376:
1369:
1366:
1361:
1359:0-19-910207-4
1355:
1351:
1350:
1342:
1339:
1334:
1330:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1287:
1285:84-87334-15-6
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1200:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1181:
1179:
1170:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1145:
1143:
1140:in 1998, and
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:Cozcacuauhtli
1099:
1095:
1088:
1083:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1060:
1059:least concern
1052:
1050:
1049:, Venezuela.
1048:
1047:BolĂvar state
1044:
1040:
1036:
1035:Andean condor
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1018:
1013:
1012:
1002:
1000:
998:
993:
989:
982:
979:Adult at the
977:
971:
966:
959:
957:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
926:non-migratory
922:
914:
907:
905:
903:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
845:South America
842:
839:and northern
838:
830:
828:
826:
821:
819:
815:
810:
808:
800:
796:
792:
790:
786:
780:
778:
774:
770:
761:
753:
746:
744:
741:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
704:
699:
697:
696:Eleazar Albin
693:
688:
684:
680:
679:
678:S. papa sacra
674:
673:
668:
660:
659:Eleazar Albin
656:
647:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
612:
610:
607:(formerly in
606:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
553:
550:
546:
545:faunal stages
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
526:North America
523:
519:
511:
509:
507:
506:
501:
500:Ciconiiformes
497:
493:
492:Falconiformes
489:
484:
480:
476:
472:
467:
465:
462:"collar" and
461:
457:
453:
452:cozcacuauhtli
449:
445:
441:
435:
433:
429:
428:Andean condor
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
404:agglutination
401:
397:
395:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
356:
351:
350:tenth edition
347:
346:Carl Linnaeus
339:
337:
335:
331:
327:
326:Least Concern
323:
322:Mayan codices
318:
315:
311:
306:
304:
303:
298:
294:
290:
287:
284:
280:
279:South America
276:
272:
269:) is a large
268:
267:
262:
253:
249:
244:
241:
237:
232:
228:
223:
218:
214:
208:
206:
200:
197:
196:Binomial name
193:
189:
188:
183:
180:
179:
176:
175:
171:
168:
167:
164:
161:
158:
157:
154:
151:
148:
147:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
131:
128:
127:
124:
121:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
107:
102:
97:
93:
87:
82:
81:Least Concern
71:
67:
62:
59:
54:
50:
45:
42:King vulture
40:
37:
33:
19:
4205:
3856:
3789:
3775:
3764:
3750:
3739:
3725:
3714:
3700:
3689:
3675:
3664:
3661:Cape vulture
3654:
3645:Gyps indicus
3644:
3634:
3624:
3614:
3604:
3594:
3580:
3569:
3555:
3544:
3530:
3519:
3505:
3460:
3446:
3435:
3421:
3410:
3407:King vulture
3406:
3398:Sarcoramphus
3397:
3396:
3385:
3371:
3360:
3350:
3340:
3326:
3183:
3175:. Retrieved
3171:the original
3166:
3157:
3131:. Retrieved
3121:
3111:
3087:. Retrieved
3082:
3078:
3069:
3061:
3049:. Retrieved
3045:the original
3035:
3023:. Retrieved
3021:(4): 698â702
3018:
3014:
3001:
2991:11 September
2989:. Retrieved
2984:
2971:
2935:
2928:
2911:
2907:
2881:
2862:11 September
2860:. Retrieved
2831:. Retrieved
2827:the original
2817:
2811:(4): 246â47.
2808:
2804:
2800:
2794:
2782:. Retrieved
2778:the original
2752:. Retrieved
2747:
2743:
2734:
2726:
2707:
2678:
2671:
2659:. Retrieved
2652:the original
2631:
2627:
2618:
2610:
2591:
2585:
2566:
2560:
2541:
2535:
2516:
2510:
2500:11 September
2498:. Retrieved
2461:
2431:
2424:
2414:11 September
2412:. Retrieved
2408:the original
2381:. Retrieved
2376:
2372:
2363:
2355:
2343:. Retrieved
2323:
2319:
2306:
2294:. Retrieved
2288:
2254:
2244:
2220:
2182:
2154:. Retrieved
2134:
2130:
2117:
2102:
2097:
2067:(1): 61â82.
2064:
2060:
2054:
2043:. Retrieved
2036:the original
2015:
2011:
2003:Vutlur sacra
2002:
1955:
1949:
1938:the original
1933:
1927:
1914:
1895:
1889:
1864:
1858:
1820:(2): 70â72.
1817:
1811:
1762:
1758:
1751:
1740:the original
1709:
1703:
1690:
1672:
1660:
1648:. Retrieved
1633:
1623:
1607:
1578:
1548:
1528:11 September
1526:. Retrieved
1522:the original
1493:
1486:
1474:. Retrieved
1454:
1448:
1438:Amadon, Dean
1410:
1383:. Retrieved
1378:
1368:
1348:
1341:
1332:
1328:
1319:
1315:
1304:
1294:
1271:
1230:
1225:
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1189:
1183:
1177:
1146:
1119:
1114:
1094:Maya codices
1091:
1056:
1053:Conservation
1043:moriche palm
1015:
1009:
1006:
985:
923:
919:
834:
822:
811:
804:
781:
766:
736:
728:Sarcoramphus
727:
723:
700:
677:
676:
671:
670:
666:
664:
639:
616:evolutionary
613:
609:Titanohierax
608:
602:
579:
521:
518:Sarcoramphus
517:
515:
503:
468:
463:
459:
451:
436:
431:
423:
416:Sarcoramphus
415:
407:
393:
391:
387:
383:
382:words ÏÎŹÏΟ (
368:Sarcoramphus
367:
359:
353:
343:
334:habitat loss
319:
307:
302:Sarcoramphus
301:
300:
295:to northern
265:
264:
261:king vulture
260:
258:
247:
246:
204:
202:
187:S. papa
186:
185:
174:Sarcoramphus
173:
36:
4276:Cathartidae
4206:Vultur papa
4098:Neotropical
4033:iNaturalist
3881:Wikispecies
3777:Trigonoceps
3677:Necrosyrtes
3635:Gyps fulvus
3225:El Salvador
3206:(6 photos)
3177:15 November
3167:AZA website
3089:10 November
3085:(4): 458â61
2754:16 November
2750:(3): 263â64
2661:10 November
2619:Sarcoramphu
2383:16 November
2156:15 November
1221:Linnaeus, C
1205:11 November
1122:El Salvador
970:Brevard Zoo
942:urohidrosis
867:as well as
747:Description
730:. However,
716:box turtles
692:John Cassin
557:, found at
360:Vultur papa
289:Cathartidae
248:Vultur papa
163:Cathartidae
4265:Categories
4221:Q107055476
4189:Xeno-canto
3823:Diclofenac
3557:Gypohierax
3485:Aegypiinae
3133:17 October
2833:2022-08-02
2379:(1): 35â38
2045:2010-11-15
1860:The Condor
1813:The Condor
1450:The Condor
1385:17 January
1159:References
1087:Codex Laud
981:Berlin Zoo
873:grasslands
825:wood stork
799:London Zoo
740:extinction
588:Quaternary
559:Pozo Creek
542:Delmontian
534:Piacenzian
516:The genus
471:systematic
469:The exact
58:Costa Rica
3727:Sarcogyps
3423:Gymnogyps
3328:Cathartes
3284:Kingdom:
3237:Nicaragua
3229:Guatemala
3051:5 October
2890:0020-9112
2784:8 October
1335:(1): 6â8.
1144:in 1999.
1142:Nicaragua
1136:in 1997,
1132:in 1979,
1130:Guatemala
1128:in 1978,
1124:in 1963,
1030:olfactory
1011:Choloepus
997:altricial
946:voice box
861:Venezuela
841:Argentina
816:from the
712:wildfires
698:in 1734.
624:teratorns
565:. As per
408:Gyparchus
376:Neo-Latin
297:Argentina
273:found in
181:Species:
119:Kingdom:
113:Eukaryota
4215:Wikidata
4163:Species+
4077:22697645
4051:10685905
4012:45511523
3937:22697645
3932:BirdLife
3921:BioLib:
3866:Wikidata
3702:Neophron
3532:Gypaetus
3507:Aegypius
3373:Coragyps
3292:Chordata
3290:Phylum:
3286:Animalia
3274:Vultures
3233:Honduras
3143:cite web
3025:13 March
2345:13 March
2296:13 March
2252:(1980).
2081:24698902
1787:22786201
1779:18504528
1759:Genetica
1736:17148284
1650:11 April
1612:Archived
1476:13 March
1440:(1977).
1302:(1805).
1223:(1758).
1134:Honduras
1071:poaching
1017:Bradypus
960:Breeding
869:savannas
857:Colombia
814:bacteria
777:caruncle
708:caracara
530:Pliocene
464:cuauhtli
448:Paraguay
402:despite
388:rhamphos
364:Suriname
314:caruncle
310:feathers
240:Synonyms
213:Linnaeus
159:Family:
133:Chordata
129:Phylum:
123:Animalia
109:Domain:
86:IUCN 3.1
4248:1466602
4235:9589846
4181:1466597
4129:1466597
4103:kinvul1
4025:2481923
3999:kinvul1
3960:kinvul1
3909:Avibase
3872:Q192705
3489:Gypinae
3296:Class:
3221:Bolivia
2636:Bibcode
2340:1364380
2151:4079172
2089:5536272
2061:Zootaxa
2032:4078256
1881:1364013
1834:1363312
1727:1834003
1471:1367720
1138:Bolivia
1061:to the
1033:larger
1003:Feeding
954:jaguars
916:Flying.
853:Ecuador
818:carrion
769:condors
687:Florida
620:Neogene
598:-sized
552:humerus
538:Blancan
460:cozcatl
456:Nahuatl
444:Spanish
352:of his
328:by the
275:Central
169:Genus:
149:Order:
139:Class:
84: (
4155:137199
4142:819160
4064:175277
3950:112900
3752:Torgos
3448:Vultur
3217:Belize
3213:Stamps
2947:
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2469:
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2320:Condor
2266:
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1671:1991.
1667:, and
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1282:
1126:Belize
1096:. Its
1022:turkey
950:snakes
930:turkey
895:, and
893:turkey
877:swamps
837:Mexico
801:, 2006
789:sclera
785:irises
675:" or "
555:fossil
549:distal
488:storks
396:amphus
392:Sarcor
293:Mexico
286:family
4243:WoRMS
4176:WoRMS
4116:73540
4090:43583
4046:IRMNG
3994:eBird
3973:6XMVS
3957:BOW:
3924:21268
3215:(for
3075:(PDF)
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2369:(PDF)
2336:JSTOR
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2147:JSTOR
2127:(PDF)
2085:S2CID
2039:(PDF)
2028:JSTOR
2008:(PDF)
2001:"The
1941:(PDF)
1924:(PDF)
1877:JSTOR
1855:(PDF)
1830:JSTOR
1808:(PDF)
1783:S2CID
1743:(PDF)
1700:(PDF)
1467:JSTOR
1445:(PDF)
1325:(PDF)
1276:24â41
1098:glyph
849:Andes
843:. In
596:eagle
440:Mayan
422:word
420:Latin
380:Greek
4230:GBIF
4168:3507
4124:OBIS
4085:NCBI
4072:IUCN
4059:ITIS
4038:4763
4020:GBIF
3945:BOLD
3582:Gyps
3487:and
3298:Aves
3179:2010
3149:link
3135:2007
3091:2010
3053:2006
3027:2009
2993:2007
2945:ISBN
2886:ISSN
2864:2007
2786:2007
2756:2010
2712:ISBN
2684:ISBN
2663:2010
2596:ISBN
2571:ISBN
2546:ISBN
2521:ISBN
2502:2007
2467:ISBN
2437:ISBN
2416:2007
2385:2010
2347:2009
2298:2009
2264:ISBN
2230:ISBN
2188:ISBN
2158:2010
2107:ISBN
2077:PMID
2065:3613
1960:ISBN
1900:ISBN
1775:PMID
1732:PMID
1679:ISBN
1652:2007
1639:ISBN
1584:ISBN
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1501:â17.
1478:2009
1415:ISBN
1387:2008
1354:ISBN
1280:ISBN
1207:2021
1190:2016
1069:and
1063:IUCN
1039:rasp
1024:and
936:and
871:and
773:cere
669:" ("
600:hawk
592:Cuba
584:Peru
571:type
424:papa
384:sarx
330:IUCN
277:and
271:bird
259:The
217:1758
143:Aves
4007:EoL
3981:CMS
3968:CoL
3896:ADW
3019:103
2916:doi
2644:doi
2328:doi
2260:959
2226:176
2139:doi
2131:Auk
2069:doi
2020:doi
2012:Auk
1869:doi
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