Śāriputra - Knowledge (XXG)

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ailment that could be treated with garlic, but refused it because the Buddha had previously laid down a rule forbidding monks to eat garlic, with Śāriputra only taking it after the Buddha rescinded the rule. In another story, Śāriputra found that meal cakes tended to make him greedy and then made a vow to abstain from them. A Buddhist commentary describes that one time when the other monks had left to collect alms, Śāriputra meticulously cleaned and organized the monastery to keep heretics from criticizing the disciples. Several Buddhist texts relate that Śāriputra was reborn as a snake in a previous life and that this was the reason for some of his stubbornness. In a

1574: 2043: 1615:, referencing Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana respectively. Texts describe that none of the Buddha's other disciples could answer questions that Maudgalyāyana was able to answer while Maudgalyāyana was unable to answer questions Śāriputra was able to answer. Buddhist tradition maintains that the first chief disciple, Śāriputra, customarily sat to the Buddha's right hand side, while the second chief disciple, Maudgalyāyana, sat to the left. The disciples have thus been stylized as the right hand and left hand disciples of the Buddha in Buddhist tradition and art accordingly. 1773: 1769:

Mūlasarvāstivāda text, the Buddha sent Maudgalyāyana to retrieve Śāriputra, who was doing sewing work. When Śāriputra stated he would go after his sewing work was complete, Maudgalyāyana attempted to force him to come by using his psychic powers to shake the ground but Śāriputra was unaffected. When Śāriputra told him to return first, Maudgalyāyana went back to the Buddha and found that Śāriputra had already arrived. When Maudgalyāyana saw this, he stated that the power of psychic abilities was no match for the power of wisdom.

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the second chief disciple of the same Buddha. Sirivaddhana then made a large offering to Anomadassī Buddha and his following, making the wish as suggested. Anomadassī Buddha looked into the future and declared that Sirivaddhana's aspiration would also come true. The two friends then spent the rest of their lives and many future lives doing good deeds. According to Buddhist legend, the aspiration came true in the time of Gautama Buddha with Sarada being reborn as Śāriputra and Sirivaddhana as Maudgalyāyana.

2503:, he is often depicted alongside the Buddha and Maudgalyāyana, with Śāriputra usually depicted on the Buddha's right hand side and Maudgalyāyana usually depicted on the Buddha's left hand side. According to Nyanaponika Thera, this imagery symbolizes the relative positions they held in life, with Śāriputra being the Buddha's right hand monk. In Mahayana Buddhism this iconography of flanking the Buddha on his right and left is sometimes used for other figures as well, such as the Mahayana 2305: 2416:

with him, and thus the Sanchi relics went to Britain along with the Satdhāra ones. In the early 20th century, Buddhist organizations in India and Burma began pressuring the British government to return the relics to India, where they can be properly venerated. Although the Victoria and Albert Museum initially resisted, the British government eventually ordered them to return the relics for diplomatic reasons. The relics were transferred to predominantly Buddhist

2208: 1650:. Buddhist texts describe that Śāriputra routinely took charge of monastic affairs usually handled by the Buddha himself, such as attending to sick monks or visiting lay followers before their deaths. In one instance, when a group of monks planned to travel elsewhere, the Buddha told them to ask Śāriputra for permission first. Śāriputra was the first disciple of the Buddha who was asked to ordain monks in his place, with the Buddha giving him the 1643:, when a group of young monks made noise and were ordered by the Buddha to leave, the Buddha reprimanded Śāriputra for not concluding that it was the chief disciples' responsibility to look after the monks, something Maudgalyāyana was able to conclude. On another occasion the Buddha reprimanded Śāriputra for teaching the dying Dhanañjani, in a way that led him to rebirth in the Brahma realm rather than teaching in a way that led to enlightenment. 2549:, portray Śāriputra as a forest saint. He concludes that there are at least two traditions linked to him in Pali texts, forest and scholarly. Migot identifies texts that exclude Śāriputra's scholastic character as the earliest sources, and goes on to argue that the historic Śāriputra was different from the person preserved in the Pali Canon. He argues that Śāriputra was venerated as a saint in the ancient Kosambi region and that the early 2404: 1360: 493: 2058:, often asking the Buddha to teach or engaging in the dialogue himself. Migot states that it is significant that Śāriputra has a continuity in Mahayana texts, as most of the Buddha's great disciples are usually absent from Mahayana literature. Migot credits the importance of Śāriputra in the early Vatsiputriya Buddhist school with why Śāriputra often appeared in Mahayana texts. While depictions of Śāriputra in the 8425: 8436: 5834: 5821: 8724: 51: 1074: 2110:Śāriputra asks that if the goddess is so spiritually advanced, why doesn't she transform out of her female state, indicative of cultural sexism. The goddess responds by using her powers to switch bodies with Śāriputra to demonstrate that male and female is just an illusion because, according to Mahayana doctrine, all things are empty and so male and female don't really exist. 2376:) for "left", meaning the positioning of the caskets symbolized each disciple's relative positions as right and left hand disciple respectively. This positioning has also been explained by the fact that the Buddha traditionally sat facing the east, which would make the south his right hand side, and the north his left hand side. Another excavation by Cunningham and Maisey at 5811: 8714: 1744:, or spirit, hit Śāriputra in the head while he was meditating. When Maudgalyāyana saw the incident and came to ask Śāriputra if he was okay, Śāriputra stated he didn't even notice the blow and suffered only a minor headache. Maudgalyāyana then praised Śāriputra for his psychic abilities by being able to sustain a blow with little notice, described in the 1192:, doing tasks like looking after monks, assigning them objects of meditation, and clarifying points of doctrine. He was the first disciple the Buddha allowed to ordain other monks. Śāriputra died shortly before the Buddha in his hometown and was cremated. According to Buddhist texts, his relics were then enshrined at 1694:

of the time challenged the Buddhists to a contest, the Buddha had Śāriputra contend against them. Mūlasarvāstivāda texts state that Śāriputra used psychic powers to create a huge storm and transform himself into various forms, subduing the rival teachers and converting the residents of Savatthi. When

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in London in 1866. The relics were eventually purchased by the Museum in 1921 from Maisley's son. Cunningham brought his findings to Britain on two ships, one of which sank, thus the Sanchi relics are believed to have been lost. However, historian Torkel Brekke argues that Maisey took all the relics

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scatters flowers which fall onto Śāriputra's robes. Not wanting to break the monastic rules, which forbid decorating oneself with flowers, he tries to remove them but is unable to. The goddess then accuses Śāriputra of being attached to the duality of what is proper and improper. Later in the sutra,

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that day except for Upatiṣya and Kolita. Nyanaponika Thera states that the friends required longer preparatory periods before enlightening in order to fulfill their roles as chief disciples. Several texts describe the ordination with miraculous elements, such as the disciples' clothes suddenly being

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text the Buddha punished Śāriputra by making him stand in the sun for failing to prevent some monks from making incorrect remarks. When the other monks later asked the Buddha to stop the punishment, the Buddha said that Śāriputra's decision to receive the punishment could not be changed, just as he

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in the Buddha's monastic community and led some of the Buddha's disciples away, Śāriputra played a key role in restoring the community. According to texts, upon hearing about the schism, Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana pretended to join Devadatta's community. After the chief disciples joined, Devadatta

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to become the first chief disciple of a future Buddha. He then made this wish in front of Anomadassī Buddha, who looked into the future and then declared that his aspiration would come true. Upon hearing the prediction, Sarada went to his close friend Sirivaddhana and asked him to resolve to become

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school of Buddhism developed his scholarly side in accordance to the tradition's values in the region at the time, indicating that Śāriputra may originally have been a forest saint. Ray states that while it is possible Śāriputra's scholastic character was the result of texts that were added later,

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to Śāriputra, with Śāriputra being the one to ask the Buddha to create the rules. When Śāriputra asked the Buddha, he said he would lay them down at the right time. Śāriputra was known for his conscientiousness and meticulous adherence to monastic rules. In one story, Śāriputra became ill with an

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around the 6th or 5th century BCE. Buddhist texts relate that Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana were childhood friends who became spiritual wanderers in their youth. After having searched for spiritual truth with other contemporary teachers, they came into contact with the teachings of the Buddha and

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Buddhist texts all state that Śāriputra died shortly before the Buddha, with texts generally indicating he died in his hometown. According to Pāli commentaries, Śāriputra arose from meditation one day and realized through his meditative insight that the chief disciples were supposed to achieve

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Although Maudgalyāyana is described as having been foremost in psychic powers, Buddhist texts state that Śāriputra also exhibited such powers himself. In various texts, Śāriputra is reported to have exhibited several psychic abilities such as levitation and the ability to visit other realms of

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in the future. During the visit, it is said that Maudgalyāyana attempted to relieve the suffering of those in hell by creating rain but the rain dispersed. After Śāriputra saw this, he created a rain that did relieve the suffering of those in hell, using a wisdom based meditation. In another

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As the first chief disciple, Śāriputra's role was the systematization and analysis of the Buddha's teachings. The Buddhist canon often shows Śāriputra asking the Buddha questions and entreating the Buddha to teach, as well as himself clarifying points and questioning disciples, in some cases

1543:), following the tradition of appointing a pair of chief disciples as the past Buddhas did, according to Buddhist belief. Since they were newly ordained some of the monks in the assembly felt offended, but the Buddha explained that he gave them the roles because they had made the 1356:). Upatiṣya's mother was named Śārī (alternatively called Rūpaśārī, Śārika, or Śāradvatī), because she had eyes like a śārika bird. His mother was the reason Upatiṣya later became known as Śāriputra (son of Śāri) and sometimes Śāradvatīputra (son of Śāradvatī). 1419:

who becomes ill and dies. In some accounts, he predicts the coming of the Buddha through his visions. After being unable to find what they were looking for, the two friends went their separate ways but made a pact that if one was to find the path to

2480:) a title generally reserved for the Buddha, and is described in several texts as one who "spins the wheel of the Dharma", a prerogative generally associated with Buddhas. In the Pali Canon, Śāriputra is credited as the main expounder of several 1796:

before the Buddha, and that he had seven more days to live. Śāriputra then traveled to his hometown to teach his mother, who was yet to be converted to Buddhism. After he converted his mother, Śāriputra died peacefully on the full moon day of

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text, Śāriputra refused to take a type of fruit, even when prescribed as medicine, after another monk suspected him of sneaking delicious food, the Buddha likewise references Śāriputra's life as a snake to explain his stubbornness.

2236:. Avalokiteśvara's response to Śāriputra, then makes up the body of the sutra. When Avalokiteśvara finishes the sutra the Buddha shows approval of the teaching, and Śāriputra, Avalokiteśvara, and the audience then rejoice. In the 1341:

Upatiṣya is described as having had a "golden complexion". He had six siblings; three brothers named Upasena, Cunda and Revata, and three sisters named Cāla, Upacālā and Sīsupacālā. Each of his siblings would grow up to become

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texts give him a wider range of depictions. Some Mahayana sutras portray him as a great Buddhist disciple while others portray him as a counterpoint with insufficient understanding of Mahayana doctrine, representative of the

5284: 2364:. Śāriputra's box was positioned at the south, while Maudgalyāyana's was positioned at the north. According to Cunningham, people in ancient India sat facing the east during religious ceremonies and even used the word east ( 1280:, in the distant past Śāriputra was born a wealthy person named Sarada who gave away his wealth to become an ascetic who developed a large following. At that time, Sarada and his followers were visited by the past Buddha, 5599: 2029:

had earlier roots and was developed based on existing material, likely a method of discussing the principles of the Buddha's teachings. According to Thomas, different Buddhist schools compiled their own

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disciples. Upatiṣya noticed how serene the monk appeared and approached him to ask for a teaching. Aśvajit said he was still newly ordained but would teach what he can, and proceeded to teach the famous

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of India at the time before realizing none of them had the right path. According to Pali texts, the two friends and their following of youths became students under only one of the teachers, the ascetic

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refers to the village as Kālapināka. The village has been variously identified as being either modern-day Sarichak, Chandiman (Chandimau), or Nanan (considered most likely to be the correct location).

5105: 1375:), a boy from a neighboring village whose family had been friends with Upatiṣya's family for seven generations, and became friends with him as a child. Upatiṣya and Kolita both became masters of the 1379:

through their education and each developed a large following of youths. One day the realization that life is impermanent overtook the two friends during a festival in Rājagaha and they developed a

2424:. In 1949, the relics were sent to India where they were put on tour around northern India and various parts of Asia. In 1950, the relics were sent on tour to Burma, with Burmese Prime Minister 1704:

claimed to have had a backache and had Śāriputra preach in his place, but Devadatta fell asleep and Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana used the opportunity to get the following to return to the Buddha.

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Heaven. It is said that the Buddha returned to earth daily to give a summary to Śāriputra, who classified and reordered the teachings and relayed it to his disciples, in what would become the

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to a wandering ascetic. Pali texts state that the ascetic was Śāriputra's nephew but Chinese, Tibetan and Sanskrit texts state he was Śāriputra's uncle. According to commentaries such as the

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path in this life. The Buddha then assures Śāriputra that he will also achieve buddhahood and declares that Śāriputra will become the future Buddha Padmaprabha. In the listing of the great

2154:, Śāriputra is one of the principal interlocutors, asking questions and being instructed. Conze states that Śāriputra has to be instructed in this sutra because, despite his great wisdom, 4527: 2614:

In one version of the Chinese Buddhist canon, Śāriputra first went to the Buddha alone after being converted by Aśvajit, and then asked the Buddha for permission to go find his friend.

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seemingly to test the knowledge of fellow disciples. The Buddha would often suggest a topic and have Śāriputra elaborate and deliver a sermon on it. In two discourses recorded in the

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describes the latter as "intentional irony" aimed at depicting how profound Mahayana doctrine is by showing that even the wisest "Hinayana" disciple had difficulty understanding it.

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notes that it may seem strange Śāriputra had what appears to have been a lower job than Maudgalyāyana, but states it is actually harder to train an unenlightened person to become a

1565:, Śāriputra took longer to achieve enlightenment than Maudgalyāyana because his knowledge had to be more thorough as first chief disciple, and thus required more preparation time. 1284:, and were given a sermon by Anomadassī Buddha and his chief disciples. Upon hearing the sermon from Anomadassī Buddha's first chief disciple Nisabha, Sarada became inspired and 6575: 5548: 4869: 4805: 8682: 5965: 1348:

disciples of the Buddha. According to the Pali tradition, Upatiṣya's father was named Vangunta, while according to Mūlasarvāstivāda tradition his father was named Tiṣya (

1160:). Śāriputra had a key leadership role in the ministry of the Buddha and is considered in many Buddhist schools to have been important in the development of the Buddhist 1432: 1662:, the Buddha compared Śāriputra to a mother who gives birth to a child while comparing Maudgalyāyana to a nurse who raises a child. Śāriputra would train students to 5533: 1956:

in the Sanskrit and Tibetan Sarvastivada traditions. In the Vatsiputriya tradition, a subset of the Sarvastivada school, Śāriputra is said to have transmitted the

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found another pair of caskets with encased bone fragments with the two chief disciples' names inscribed. Cunningham concluded that the relics were enshrined in

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are associated with. Ray describes Śāriputra as the "prototypical" Buddhist saint who embodied the ideal of the Southern Buddhism that developed in ancient

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Cunningham and Maisey later divided their findings among each other, with Maisey bringing the Satdhāra relics to Britain and eventually loaning them to the

8773: 4904: 1631:, the Buddha declared he needed to rest his back, and had Śāriputra teach in his place while the Buddha listened in the audience. His ability to teach the 2986: 1674:, the highest stage of enlightenment. However, Nyanaponika Thera notes that there are several individual cases where Śāriputra guided monks to the higher 1182:

ordained as monks under him, after which the Buddha declared the friends his two chief disciples. Śāriputra was said to have attained enlightenment as an

8589: 6043: 5182: 431: 1876: 4378: 1269:, all Buddhas of the past followed this pattern of selecting two chief male disciples and two chief female disciples. German Buddhist scholar and monk 5800: 5002: 2256:

in the assembly confused. Śāriputra then asks the Buddha to explain his teachings for the benefit of other beings, prompting the Buddha to teach the

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Monastery. Archaeological findings from the 1800s suggest his relics may have been redistributed across the Indian subcontinent by subsequent kings.

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voluntarily on the same day, because they didn't want to witness the Buddha's death. In several versions of the story, various heavenly beings from

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voluntarily because he didn't want to witness the Buddha's death, in some accounts he was also motivated by Maudgalyāyana intending to achieve

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states that the reason Buddhas always select two chief disciples is to balance responsibilities according to each disciple's specific skills.

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This stanza has become particularly famous in the Buddhist world, having been inscribed onto many Buddhist statues. According to philosopher

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The Bhilsa Topes, Or, Buddhist Monuments of Central India: A Brief Historical Sketch of the Rise, Progress, and Decline of Buddhism, Etc...

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and Lieutenant Fred. C. Maisey discovered a pair of sandstone boxes with encased bone fragments inside during an excavation of one of the

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Some Pali texts contradict this however and state his birth village as Nālaka, although this may be an alternative name for Upatissa.

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replaced with Buddhist robes and their hair falling out on its own. After ordaining, Upatiṣya started being called Śāriputra (Pali:

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tradition, with Upatiṣya and Kolita eventually becoming dissatisfied with his teachings and leaving. In Mūlasarvāstivāda texts, the

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As the chief disciple of the Buddha, Śāriputra is considered to be a particularly important figure in Buddhism, especially in the

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in Sri Lanka. The portion of the relics that remained in India were enshrined at the Chethiyagiri Vihara in Sanchi, also in 1952.

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likely existed in early Buddhism, before it evolved and was written down in its current form. Migot points to the mention of the "

8658: 7980: 7725: 4846: 4824: 2456:. Śāriputra is traditionally depicted on the right side of the Buddha while Maudgalyāyana is traditionally depicted on the left. 2021:

texts, likely began as a condensed version of Buddhist doctrine that developed over time with metaphysical aspects to become the

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and is ranked in the canon as being close to a second Buddha. In one text, he is referred to as "King of the Dharma" (Sanskrit:

1207:, he is often depicted alongside the Buddha, usually to his right. Śāriputra was known for his strict adherence to the Buddhist 8372: 8362: 360: 4919: 1987:

as being sometime between the third century BCE and the first century CE. However, Migot states that a simpler version of the

8793: 8717: 8317: 7970: 7772: 7663: 7608: 6181: 5396: 2453: 1658:. When Śāriputra trained pupils, he gave them material and spiritual help, and assigned them an object of meditation. In the 349: 5751: 5510: 5441: 5315: 5154: 5067: 5036: 4772: 4741: 2042: 1573: 28: 1515:. Upatiṣya then went to Kolita to tell him about the incident and, after reciting the stanza for him, Kolita also attained 1386:

Realizing the pointlessness of the impermanent material world, the two friends set out as ascetics to search for an end to

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Latter Days of the Law: Images of Chinese Buddhism, 850 - 1850 ; [exhibition, August 27 - October 9 1994 ...]

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in 1947 in accordance with an agreement made with Buddhist organizations, where they were put on temporary display at the

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king may have also have done a similar redistribution of the relics of the Buddha and his leading disciples and built

2903: 5142: 8697: 8618: 8410: 7890: 6852: 5975: 5268: 5091: 4855: 2959: 2421: 2412: 6324: 2144:, the sutra depicts Śāriputra as being preoccupied with dualities, making him unable to grasp the true meaning of 1387: 663: 8611: 8300: 8113: 8103: 7975: 6958: 6538: 6299: 6274: 2507: 2436:

in 1952. Sri Lanka also obtained a portion of the relics, which were brought from Sanchi in 1952 and kept at the

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a few months before the Buddha. According to Mūlasarvāstivāda texts, however, it is said that Śāriputra achieved

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where his remains were cremated. His relics were then brought by Śāriputra's assistant, Cunda, to the Buddha in

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First chief disciple (Paṭhamasāvaka), right hand side chief disciple (Dakkhinasāvaka), foremost of the wise

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monastery. Nyanaponika Thera states that Nalanda was probably close to where Śāriputra was born and died.

1285: 1211:, as well as for his wisdom and teaching ability, giving him the title "General of the Dharma" (Sanskrit: 1097: 833: 818: 723: 718: 540: 1931: 8675: 8357: 8327: 7908: 7840: 7673: 7588: 7583: 7507: 7502: 7420: 5950: 1038: 1028: 983: 403: 6973: 2432:

agreed to make a "permanent loan" of a portion of the relics to Burma where they were enshrined in the

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near Rajagaha after the disciples' deaths until the time of King Asoka, who then redistributed them in

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After Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana ordained, the Buddha declared them his two chief disciples (Pali:

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at the time and instead teaches that the origin and end of all things depends on its causation.

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Buddhist texts portray Śāriputra as someone who took an active role in debating and converting

1611:, the Buddha declared his two chief male disciples as being foremost in wisdom and foremost in 8530: 8508: 8428: 8390: 8086: 8071: 8034: 8019: 7792: 7708: 7623: 7460: 7425: 7410: 7372: 7137: 7127: 6808: 6655: 6640: 6511: 6434: 6354: 6289: 6221: 6108: 6066: 5865: 5741: 5690: 5669: 5658: 5648: 5618: 5608: 5571: 5500: 5431: 5400: 5334: 5305: 5274: 5245: 5195: 5170: 5160: 5132: 5095: 5057: 5026: 4946: 4928: 4859: 4814: 4791: 4762: 4731: 4702: 2943: 2587: 2570: 2229: 2089: 1960:

to Rahula, who later transmitted it to the school's founder, Vatsiputra. As the author of the

1755: 1746: 1632: 1487: 1281: 1270: 1121: 1090: 988: 973: 778: 653: 596: 560: 545: 476: 261: 7155: 5348: 4682: 2511: 2496:, and credits these virtues with why the Buddha entrusted him with leadership of the Sangha. 1829: 8663: 8606: 8076: 8029: 8024: 7880: 7845: 7820: 7815: 7566: 7522: 7435: 7110: 6766: 6759: 6543: 6533: 6419: 6083: 5955: 5714: 5471: 5386: 5235: 4986: 4694: 3179: 2582: 2429: 1980: 1964:

in Buddhist tradition, Śāriputra is considered to be the patron saint of the Abhidharmists.

1597:). He shared the title of chief male disciple with Maudgalyāyana, together described in the 1053: 998: 928: 918: 783: 385: 371: 227: 199: 7175: 6339: 6329: 6093: 4788:

A comprehensive manual of Abhidhamma : the Abhidhammattha sangaha of Ācariya Anuruddha

1836:, the Buddha gave a eulogy of Śāriputra, praising his intellect and virtue. According to a 1265: 643: 8753: 8440: 8385: 8337: 8265: 8135: 7933: 7913: 7855: 7767: 7430: 7328: 6911: 6894: 6879: 6857: 6409: 6279: 6113: 5567: 2433: 2403: 2055: 1919: 1167: 1078: 993: 793: 703: 648: 337: 8577: 7185: 6899: 6009: 4371:"The Life of Sariputta, compiled and translated from the Pali texts by Nyanaponika Thera" 1188:

two weeks after ordination. As chief disciple Śāriputra assumed a leadership role in the

2407:

Sketch made by Cunningham of the Sanchi relic caskets attributed to the chief disciples.

1359: 8395: 8098: 7948: 7730: 7310: 7290: 7210: 6889: 6823: 6798: 6660: 5455: 3066: 2233: 2207: 2124: 1968: 1946: 1798: 1764: 1461: 1248: 1244: 1240: 1199:Śāriputra is regarded as an important and wise disciple of the Buddha, particularly in 1145: 938: 868: 823: 763: 681: 317: 150: 7323: 6623: 6613: 2522:. In Burma, Śāriputra is believed to grant wisdom to worshippers, and is one of eight 1620: 1586: 1247:

appears in the world, he always has a set of chief disciples. For the current Buddha,

698: 8742: 8670: 8567: 8165: 8014: 7225: 7083: 6884: 6862: 6469: 6264: 6259: 6151: 5985: 5820: 5191: 4998: 4489: 4487: 2473: 2393: 2323:, Śāriputra's as well as Maudgalyāyana's relics could be found in the Indian city of 2179:

Religious studies scholar Douglas Osto argues that Śāriputra is portrayed as such in

2059: 1952: 1903: 1899: 1853: 1651: 1551:

seven days after ordaining following intense meditation training. Śāriputra attained

1446: 1412: 1372: 1277: 1252: 1153: 903: 758: 708: 420: 8210: 7115: 6993: 6349: 6344: 4943:

The large sutra on perfect wisdom : with the divisions of the Abhisamayālaṅkāra

2172: 1585:Śāriputra is considered to have been the Buddha's first chief disciple, foremost in 1555:

two weeks after ordaining while fanning the Buddha as the Buddha was delivering the

1149: 8523: 8255: 8240: 8160: 8150: 7992: 7787: 7280: 6781: 6776: 6603: 6474: 5810: 4683:"Bones of Contention: Buddhist Relics, Nationalism and the Politics of Archaeology" 2500: 2491: 2465: 2361: 2343: 2160: 2141: 2017: 1937: 1498:, the stanza breaks away from the idea of divine intervention prevalent in ancient 1436:

Ivory relief depicting Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana becoming disciples of the Buddha

1204: 803: 688: 606: 492: 7038: 7023: 6983: 5920: 2353: 1910:

as "an abstract and highly technical systemization of the doctrine". According to

1506: 5772: 5735: 5684: 5526:"The story of Upatissa (Sāriputta) and Kolita (Mahā Moggallāna) [Part 1]" 5494: 5425: 5376: 5299: 5051: 5020: 4960: 4756: 4725: 27:

This article is about the disciple of the Buddha. For the 15th century monk, see

8542: 8225: 8215: 8054: 7195: 7180: 6963: 6771: 6699: 6479: 6309: 6211: 6058: 5930: 2648:

This version conflicts with some texts that state that Anathapindika died first.

2487: 2381: 2349: 2262: 2221: 2166: 2106: 1944:

to different authors, with Śāriputra being attributed as the author of just the

1838: 1792: 1639:). Buddhist texts indicate that Śāriputra still had some flaws, however. In the 1311: 1260: 873: 8435: 6369: 2132:, Śāriputra is portrayed as being unable to understand the ultimate meaning of 1330:

tradition state he was named after his birth village. Chinese Buddhist pilgrim

50: 8602: 8518: 8486: 8482: 8451: 8170: 8128: 8004: 7810: 7735: 7349: 7333: 7295: 7275: 7190: 7170: 7145: 7053: 6988: 6968: 6714: 6645: 6516: 6399: 6304: 6254: 6186: 5912: 5902: 5875: 4886: 2545: 2357: 2137: 2122:

sutras Śāriputra is often depicted as the counterpoint to the true meaning of

1996: 1894: 1871: 1668:, the first stage of enlightenment, and Maudgalyāyana would train students to 1561: 1520: 1499: 1495: 1302:

Buddhist texts describe that Śāriputra was born with the birth name Upatiṣya (

1162: 878: 638: 535: 6484: 5662: 5249: 4758:

Dialogue in Early South Asian Religions: Hindu, Buddhist, and Jain Traditions

4706: 4698: 2947: 8598: 8145: 8118: 7285: 7160: 6872: 6788: 6665: 6555: 6528: 6521: 6441: 6404: 6171: 6136: 6103: 6078: 6033: 5622: 5475: 5174: 2461: 2417: 1926: 1911: 1885: 1759: 1696: 1670: 1664: 1607: 1578: 1472: 1327: 1200: 923: 898: 8582: 7918: 6754: 6608: 6374: 6156: 6025: 6017: 3616: 3614: 2515: 2260:. Later in the sutra, the Buddha explains that Śāriputra had followed the 1809:

after being beaten and mortally injured by a rival religious group. In the

1646:Śāriputra assumed a leadership role in the Buddha's monastic community, or 1404: 1403:), who was staying nearby. Pali texts describe Sañjaya as a teacher in the 1334:

refers to Śāriputra's birth village as Nāla (Nālaka) while Chinese pilgrim

284: 6680: 5773:

GREAT MALE DISCIPLES - Part A Upatissa (Sariputta) and Kolita (Moggallana)

5240: 4990: 3183: 2743: 2741: 2486:, due to the Buddha trusting in his profound teaching ability. Indologist 1821:

are said to have come to pay respect to Śāriputra near his time of death.

1750:

text as an example of “the power of intervention by concentration” (Pali:

1219:). Śāriputra is considered the disciple of the Buddha who was foremost in 1073: 8498: 8275: 8230: 8175: 8140: 8044: 7703: 7270: 7265: 7260: 7250: 7235: 7215: 7150: 7068: 7058: 7033: 7028: 6928: 6689: 6560: 6548: 6459: 6196: 6118: 5815: 2825: 2823: 2550: 2320: 2248: 2176:

path after donating his eye to a beggar who threw the eye on the ground.

2094: 2072: 2067: 1849: 1687: 1547:

to become the chief disciples many lifetimes ago. Maudgalyāyana attained

1519:. The two friends, along with a large chunk of Sañjaya's disciples, then 1335: 1193: 1171: 933: 913: 908: 788: 484: 168: 119: 17: 4921:

The perfection of wisdom in eight thousand lines & its verse summary

3484: 3482: 3346: 3344: 3256: 3254: 2955: 2931: 1852:. In Mūlasarvāstivāda texts, the relics were given to the lay disciple, 8594: 8180: 8123: 8108: 7255: 7245: 7220: 7095: 7090: 7048: 7018: 6950: 6916: 6867: 6803: 6744: 6739: 6635: 6593: 6496: 6334: 6284: 6071: 5897: 2775: 2773: 2728: 2726: 2724: 2534: 2324: 2243: 2164:

commentary to the sutra describes Śāriputra as someone who pursued the

1754:). In Mūlasarvāstivāda texts, Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana descended to 1416: 1380: 1364: 1315: 1183: 1178: 1177:

Historians believe Śāriputra was born in the ancient Indian kingdom of

613: 108: 91: 2428:

later asking India for a portion of the relics. Indian Prime Minister

1940:

school of Buddhism, however, attribute each of the seven books of the

1892:Śāriputra is said to have played a key role in the development of the 1371:

Upatiṣya was born the same day as Kolita (who would later be known as

353: 8653: 8260: 8245: 8081: 7943: 7923: 7698: 7360: 7240: 7230: 7165: 6793: 6749: 6734: 6724: 6694: 6675: 6618: 6501: 6269: 6141: 5885: 5880: 5496:

Buddhist Saints in India: A Study in Buddhist Values and Orientations

5125:

Great Disciples of the Buddha: Their Lives, Their Works, Their Legacy

2482: 2309: 1918:, or "Higher Dharma", is said to have been preached by the Buddha to 1844: 1825: 1740: 1716: 1700: 1655: 1647: 1441: 1331: 1208: 1189: 628: 623: 618: 581: 327: 306: 250: 239: 104: 87: 5601:

Buddhist meditation : an anthology of texts from the Pāli canon

2191:

are the final reality. This is in contrast to the core teachings of

3170:(1947). "La légende du Buddha" [The legend of the Buddha]. 8633: 8628: 8400: 8235: 8093: 8059: 8039: 8009: 7938: 7355: 7200: 7078: 7073: 7043: 6998: 6845: 6840: 6719: 6424: 6249: 6216: 6206: 4493: 2539: 2447: 2402: 2352:, with Śāriputra's and Maudgalyāyana's names inscribed on them in 2332: 2303: 2206: 2041: 1976: 1875: 1858: 1706: 1612: 1590: 1572: 1431: 1376: 1358: 1344: 1256: 1224: 863: 436: 1203:

Buddhism where he is given a status close to a second Buddha. In

1170:, and in some sutras, is used as a counterpoint to represent the 8270: 7063: 6729: 6226: 5301:

The Heart Sūtra explained : Indian and Tibetan commentaries

3499: 3497: 2425: 1349: 1323: 1303: 1129: 185: 8455: 5782: 5375:

Maha Thera Tripitakavagisvaracarya, Walpola Sri Rahula (1892),

5224:"On Women as Teachers in Early Buddhism: Dhammadinnā and Khemā" 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 3221: 3219: 3217: 1950:

in the Chinese Sarvastivada tradition and as the author of the

1888:

heaven and returned to earth daily to give Śāriputra a summary.

1738:

such as recalling past lives and clairvoyance. In one story, a

7928: 6464: 4313: 4311: 4142: 4140: 5084:

An introduction to Buddhism: teachings, history and practices

4127: 4125: 4123: 4121: 2760: 2758: 2756: 4520:"Buddhist center breaks tradition, shows pope revered relic" 2908:. Instituto italiano per il Medio ed Estremo Oriente. 1988. 2537:. However, Ray points out that some Pali texts, such as the 2034:

works separately, but based it on common existing material.

1654:

procedure. He was also entrusted to ordain the Buddha's son

1601:

as "the chief pair of disciples, the excellent pair" (Pali:

3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3542: 3540: 3538: 3536: 2319:

According to accounts from the 7th century Chinese pilgrim

1725:

was unwilling to change his mind when he was a snake. In a

1635:

earned him the title of "General of the Dharma" (Sanskrit:

4927:(Third printing, 1983 ed.), Four Seasons Foundation, 4558: 4556: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4084: 4082: 4080: 4078: 4076: 4074: 4072: 4070: 3869: 3867: 2566:, a former Jain ascetic converted to Buddhism by Sāriputta 5053:

Peaceful Action, Open Heart: Lessons from the Lotus Sutra

4585: 4583: 4438: 4436: 2199:

are empty, thus making Śāriputra the ideal counterpoint.

1842:

commentary, the Buddha enshrined Śāriputra's relics in a

1715:

Buddhist texts generally credit the establishment of the

1390:. In Mūlasarvāstivāda texts, the two friends visited all 1322:

tradition state he was named after his father, while the

1898:

texts of the Buddhist Tripitaka. Buddhist scholar monks

1880:

According to Theravada tradition, the Buddha taught the

1532:), and Kolita started being called Maudgalyāyana (Pali: 5553:

as a Means of Communicating Buddhist Philosophy in the

3846: 3810: 3747: 3663: 3620: 3601: 3599: 3590: 3578: 3488: 3434: 3398: 3386: 3362: 3350: 3331: 3329: 3320: 3296: 3260: 3245: 3208: 3142: 3130: 3053: 2829: 2779: 2747: 2732: 2703: 2679: 2280:, Śāriputra is mentioned as the fifteenth of the great 2242:, the Buddha starts talking about the higher wisdom of 1523:

under the Buddha, with everybody in the group becoming

55:

Statue of Śāriputra, depicting his "golden complexion".

4624: 4622: 4033: 4031: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3758: 3756: 3707: 3705: 3703: 3701: 3699: 3469: 3467: 3465: 3463: 3461: 3459: 3457: 3455: 3037: 3035: 3033: 3031: 3029: 3027: 2392:

throughout India. Scholars have also theorized that a

2266:

path in past lives but had forgotten and followed the

401: 390: 4790:(1st BPS Pariyatti ed.), BPS Pariyatti Edition, 3674: 3672: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2790: 2788: 2158:

doctrine was too advanced for his comprehension. The

1440:

After leaving Sañjaya, Upatiṣya encountered the monk

2554:

there is insufficient evidence to conclude to this.

2360:, which Cunningham believed was part of Śāriputra's 8371: 8286: 8201: 7899: 7801: 7684: 7381: 7309: 7136: 7009: 6949: 6584: 6450: 6390: 6235: 6127: 6057: 5911: 5856: 5356:, Taiwan: Buddha Dharma Education Association Inc, 2490:describes Śāriputra as being exemplary of the four 1975:was formulated no earlier than the time of Emperor 1813:account, Śāriputra and Maudgalyāyana both achieved 447: 419: 384: 370: 336: 316: 260: 226: 198: 184: 167: 160: 146: 141: 133: 125: 115: 98: 73: 68: 60: 41: 5726:, History of Civilization (2nd ed.), London: 5549:"Character, Disposition, and the Qualities of the 2526:commonly shown devotion to in protective rituals. 2170:path in a past life but gave up and turned to the 2093:, Śāriputra is depicted as being unable to grasp 1776:Painting depicting the death of Śāriputra at the 1415:, however, he is depicted as a wise teacher with 1148:. He is considered the first of the Buddha's two 3635:"Saccavibhanga Sutta: An Analysis of the Truths" 2574:, a Pali Canon discourse attributed to Sāriputta 2452:Image of the Buddha with his chief disciples at 1824:A funeral was held for Śāriputra in the city of 453: 2932:"Nalanda vis-à-vis the Birthplace of Śāriputra" 2215:, where Śāriputra prompts the Buddha to preach. 2136:and instead must be instructed by the disciple 2046:A Chinese painting depicting the events of the 1467: 5737:Untying the Knots in Buddhism: Selected Essays 5686:Buddha and Buddhist synods in India and abroad 5464:Bulletin de l'École française d'Extrême-Orient 1363:A stupa dedicated to Śāriputra at the ancient 1251:, his chief male disciples were Śāriputra and 288: 266: 173: 8467: 5794: 4755:Black, Dr Brian; Patton, Dean Laurie (2015), 2356:text. Śāriputra's casket contained pieces of 2062:generally portray him as a wise and powerful 1734:existence, as well as abilities common among 1478:And how they cease to be, that too he tells, 1469:Of all those things that from a cause arise, 1098: 376: 243: 232: 217: 204: 8: 6576:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 5395:, vol. 2 (1st Indian ed.), Delhi: 5122:Hecker, Hellmuth; Nyanaponika Thera (2003), 4601: 4112: 3554: 3233: 3094: 2764: 2400:such as the one in Sanchi to enshrine them. 342: 34:Prominent and leading disciple of the Buddha 5566:(first ed.), Chichester, West Sussex: 5156:Encyclopedia of ancient Asian civilizations 4146: 3926: 2661:into six or eight parts, rather than seven. 2315:, where relics of Śāriputra were excavated. 322: 8474: 8460: 8452: 5801: 5787: 5779: 5674:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher ( 4813:, New York, NY: Macmillan Reference, USA, 4353: 3858: 3503: 2464:tradition. According to Buddhist academic 2368:) for "front", as well as the word south ( 1924:while he was spending the rainy season in 1505:Following the teaching, Upatiṣya attained 1481:This is the doctrine of the Great Recluse. 1105: 1091: 471: 425: 190: 49: 38: 5239: 5022:Dāna: Giving and Getting in Pali Buddhism 2691: 2246:and his use of skillful means (Sanskrit: 129:Vaṇganta or Tisya (father), Sāri (mother) 5645:Brill's encyclopedia of Buddhism Vol Two 5424:Malalasekera, Gunapala Piyasena (2007), 4891:"Ashvajit's Stanza and Its Significance" 2274:in the assembly at the beginning of the 2252:) to teach the Dharma, which leaves the 1771: 1310:) to a wealthy family in a village near 1255:, while his chief female disciples were 7763:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 4786:Bodhi, Bhikkhu; Dhamma, Rewata (1993), 4613: 4547: 4505: 4494:Maha Thera Tripitakavagisvaracarya 1892 4466: 4427: 4410: 4317: 4302: 3374: 3118: 2842:Sankalia, Hasmukhlal Dhirajlal (1972). 2814: 2672: 2598: 2105:. In the sutra, a goddess listening to 483: 8723: 7966:List of Buddhist architecture in China 5667: 5304:, State University of New York Press, 4652: 4589: 4478: 4454: 4442: 4398: 4364: 4362: 4341: 4290: 4131: 4022: 3986: 3154: 3106: 3067:"Sharadvatiputra, aka: Śāradvatīputra" 2892:. Indian Archaeological Society. 2006. 2873:Si-yu-ki: Ta-Tʻang-si-yu-ki. Books 6-9 1862:and enshrines the relics at Jetavana. 1711:Gilded statue of Śāriputra from Burma. 157: 4574: 4278: 4230: 4218: 4206: 4194: 4182: 4170: 4158: 4100: 4061: 4049: 4037: 4010: 3998: 3974: 3962: 3950: 3938: 3885: 3834: 3822: 3798: 3786: 3774: 3735: 3605: 3566: 3515: 3446: 3410: 3335: 3308: 3284: 3272: 3196: 7: 8749:Foremost disciples of Gautama Buddha 8713: 5427:Dictionary of Pāli Proper Names: N-H 4266: 4254: 4242: 4088: 3914: 3897: 3873: 3762: 3723: 3711: 3690: 3527: 3473: 3422: 3041: 3018: 3006: 2802: 2715: 2219:Śāriputra plays a major role in the 2075:tradition. Buddhist studies scholar 5363:from the original on 26 August 2018 4664: 4640: 4628: 4562: 3847:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3811:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3748:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3678: 3664:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3621:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3591:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3579:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3489:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3435:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3399:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3387:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3363:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3351:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3321:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3297:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3261:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3246:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3209:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3143:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3131:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 3054:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 2830:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 2780:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 2748:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 2733:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 2704:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 2680:Hecker & Nyanaponika Thera 2003 2657:Some Buddhist schools classify the 1762:the prophecy that he will become a 8774:5th-century BC Indian philosophers 7753:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 5564:A companion to Buddhist philosophy 5430:, Motilal Banarsidass Publishers, 5331:The Lotus Sūtra : a biography 4945:, University of California Press, 4329: 2372:) for "right" and the word north ( 2300:Relics of Sariputta and Moggallana 2130:Astasahasrika Prajñāpāramitā Sutra 1454:), one of the Buddha's first five 1144:) was one of the top disciples of 556:Decline in the Indian subcontinent 551:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 25: 8693:Gautama Buddha in world religions 4848:Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. 3645:from the original on 3 March 2020 3172:Revue de l'histoire des religions 1589:, a title he shared with the nun 1314:in the ancient Indian kingdom of 8722: 8712: 8434: 8424: 8423: 7981:Thai temple art and architecture 7726:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 5966:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 5832: 5819: 5809: 5562:, in Emmanuel, Steven M. (ed.), 2930:Prasad, Chandra Shekhar (1988). 2183:due to his association with the 2140:. According to Buddhist scholar 2054:Śāriputra frequently appears in 1072: 491: 5833: 5754:from the original on 2022-05-06 5720:The History of Buddhist Thought 5703:from the original on 2019-12-15 5536:from the original on 2020-02-22 5513:from the original on 2020-03-05 5482:from the original on 2020-04-20 5444:from the original on 2021-09-27 5413:from the original on 2013-08-05 5392:Dictionary of Pāli proper names 5318:from the original on 2020-01-31 5287:from the original on 2022-05-06 5256:from the original on 2020-06-06 5111:from the original on 2018-06-12 5070:from the original on 2022-05-06 5039:from the original on 2021-12-14 5008:from the original on 2019-12-29 4907:from the original on 2020-10-27 4875:from the original on 2018-06-12 4804:Buswell, Robert E. Jr. (2004), 4775:from the original on 2021-04-11 4744:from the original on 2021-07-10 4713:from the original on 2020-03-29 4530:from the original on 2017-09-30 4381:from the original on 2018-01-09 3077:from the original on 2019-12-25 2989:from the original on 2022-05-06 2962:from the original on 2021-05-17 2912:from the original on 2022-05-06 2852:from the original on 2022-05-06 1136:, lit. "the son of Śāri", born 7971:Japanese Buddhist architecture 7773:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 6853:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 6044:Places where the Buddha stayed 5397:Motilal Banarsidass Publishers 5333:, Princeton University Press, 5019:Findly, Ellison Banks (2003), 4959:Cunningham, Alexander (1854), 4730:, University of Hawaii Press, 2454:Bangkok Art and Culture Centre 2025:. Thomas also states that the 1999:texts as the precursor to the 1: 8784:5th-century BC Buddhist monks 7986:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 5740:, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 5524:Sayadaw, Ven. Mingun (1990), 5090:(second ed.), New York: 5025:, Motilal Banarsidass Publ., 4724:Berger, Patricia Ann (1994), 4681:Brekke, Torkel (2007-01-01), 2468:, Śāriputra was the greatest 2066:, second only to the Buddha, 1983:dates the development of the 1856:, and it is him who builds a 1603:sāvakayugaṁ aggaṁ bhaddayugaṁ 1223:. His female counterpart was 8789:6th-century BC Indian people 8779:5th-century BC Indian people 7743:Buddhism and the Roman world 7719:Decline of Buddhism in India 7714:History of Buddhism in India 5814: Topics in 5350:The Buddha and His Teachings 4761:, Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2985:. Maha-Bodhi Society. 1981. 2287:Shorter Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra 1475:the cause thereof has told; 754:Buddhist Paths to liberation 103:Nālaka or Upatiṣya Village, 86:Nālaka or Upatiṣya Village, 8769:5th-century BC Indian monks 6941:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 6681: 5499:, Oxford University Press, 5347:Mahathera, Naranda (1998), 5222:Krey, Gisela (2010-09-04), 5159:, New York: Facts On File, 3199:, pp. 430–2, 440, 448. 2290:he is placed as the first. 2277:Longer Sukhāvatīvyūha Sūtra 1424:, he would tell the other. 1243:, when a fully enlightened 1166:. He frequently appears in 437: 402: 354: 289: 244: 218: 8815: 8764:5th century BC in religion 7891:The unanswerable questions 5643:Silk, Jonathan A. (2019), 5092:Cambridge University Press 4856:Princeton University Press 4013:, p. 524-524,537-540. 2413:Victoria and Albert Museum 2297: 2211:Japanese depiction of the 1869: 1381:sense of spiritual urgency 26: 8708: 8494: 8419: 7976:Buddhist temples in Korea 6539:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 6442:Three planes of existence 6049:Buddha in world religions 5828: 5683:Thakur, Amarnath (1996), 5493:Ray, Reginald A. (1994), 5329:Lopez, Donald S. (2016), 5298:Lopez, Donald S. (1988), 5050:Hanh, Thich Nhat (2008), 2845:The University of Nalanda 1577:A statue of Śāriputra at 1450: 1125: 463: 426: 391: 377: 343: 323: 292: 268: 267: 233: 205: 174: 48: 8639:Physical characteristics 7758:Persecution of Buddhists 6979:Four stages of awakening 6360:Three marks of existence 5946:Physical characteristics 5728:Routledge and Kegan Paul 5689:, Abhinav Publications, 5184:Encyclopedia of Buddhism 5153:Higham, Charles (2004), 4979:Journal of Burma Studies 4841:Buswell, Robert E. Jr.; 4807:Encyclopedia of Buddhism 4699:10.1163/156852707X211564 4602:Buswell & Lopez 2013 4113:Buswell & Lopez 2013 3234:Buswell & Lopez 2013 3095:Buswell & Lopez 2013 2578:Sariputra in the Jatakas 2338:In 1851, archaeologists 2151:Mahaprajnaparamita Sutra 2003:. Migot argues that the 1128:; Tibetan: ཤཱ་རིའི་བུ་, 29:Śāriputra (15th-century) 8536:ten principal disciples 7121:Ten principal disciples 6004:(aunt, adoptive mother) 5476:10.3406/befeo.1954.5607 5228:Buddhist Studies Review 4577:, p. 412, 500-501. 4375:www.accesstoinsight.org 4147:Black & Patton 2015 3927:Bodhi & Dhamma 1993 3639:www.accesstoinsight.org 2848:. Oriental Publishers. 2195:, which teach that all 1967:French religion writer 1778:Bangkok National Museum 1676:stages of enlightenment 774:Philosophical reasoning 7831:Buddhism and democracy 7344:Tibetan Buddhist canon 7339:Chinese Buddhist canon 6571:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 6566:Early Buddhist schools 5267:Le, Huu Phuoc (2010), 5181:Irons, Edward (2007), 5131:, Simon and Schuster, 5081:Harvey, Peter (2013), 4941:Conze, Edward (1975), 4918:Conze, Edward (1983), 4173:, p. 17,25,28,29. 3518:, p. 407,462-463. 2623:American scholar monk 2457: 2408: 2380:in the nearby town of 2316: 2216: 2051: 2013:First Buddhist Council 1936:. Various sets of the 1889: 1781: 1712: 1692:six heretical teachers 1582: 1513:stage of enlightenment 1492: 1437: 1409:Chinese Buddhist Canon 1368: 541:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 454: 191: 8794:Indian Buddhist monks 7841:Eight Consciousnesses 5951:Life of Buddha in art 5775:by Radhika Abeysekera 5734:Wayman, Alex (1997), 5607:, London: Routledge, 5381:, Maha-Bodhi Society. 5270:Buddhist Architecture 5241:10.1558/bsrv.v27i1.17 4991:10.1353/jbs.1999.0002 3641:. Access to Insight. 3633:Bhikkhu, Thanissaro. 3184:10.3406/rhr.1947.5599 2451: 2406: 2307: 2210: 2203:Other Mahayana Sutras 2193:Prajñāpāramitā sutras 2187:, which teaches that 2181:Prajñāpāramitā sutras 2114:Prajñāpāramitā sutras 2083:The Vimalakīrti Sūtra 2045: 1879: 1775: 1752:samādhivipphāra-iddhi 1710: 1576: 1557:Vedanāpariggaha Sutta 1435: 1401:Sañjaya Belaṭṭhaputta 1362: 809:Aids to Enlightenment 634:Dependent Origination 8759:Converts to Buddhism 8514:Noble Eightfold Path 8318:East Asian religions 7748:Buddhism in the West 7319:Early Buddhist texts 6934:Four Right Exertions 6400:Ten spiritual realms 5893:Noble Eightfold Path 5598:Shaw, Sarah (2006), 5547:Shaw, Sarah (2013), 4970:Daulton, J. (1999), 4843:Lopez, Donald S. Jr. 4369:Thera, Nyanaponika. 2340:Alexander Cunningham 1397:Sañjaya Vairatiputra 1326:commentaries of the 1174:school of Buddhism. 1150:chief male disciples 779:Devotional practices 602:Noble Eightfold Path 465:Glossary of Buddhism 8799:People from Magadha 8573:Mahapajapati Gotami 8441:Religion portal 8188:Temple of the Tooth 8067:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 7106:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 6599:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 6382:Two truths doctrine 6202:Mahapajapati Gotamī 6002:Mahapajapati Gotamī 3365:, p. 31-32,57. 2531:principal disciples 2514:, or the disciples 2077:Donald S. Lopez Jr. 1660:Saccavibhanga Sutta 1263:. According to the 1079:Buddhism portal 952:Buddhism by country 714:Sanskrit literature 8553:Great Renunciation 8548:Eight Great Events 8363:Western philosophy 7961:Dzong architecture 7783:Vipassana movement 7778:Buddhist modernism 7206:Emperor Wen of Sui 6974:Pratyekabuddhayāna 6907:Threefold Training 6709:Vipassana movement 6425:Hungry Ghost realm 6245:Avidyā (Ignorance) 6192:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta 5941:Great Renunciation 5936:Eight Great Events 5818: 5387:Malalasekera, G.P. 5056:, Parallax Press, 4667:, p. 134-135. 4643:, p. 135-136. 4565:, p. 131-133. 4550:, p. 110-111. 4508:, p. 111-121. 4481:, p. 279-284. 4457:, p. 277-278. 4413:, p. 105-106. 4320:, p. 106-107. 4305:, p. 104-105. 4134:, p. 350-352. 4091:, p. 416-417. 4025:, p. 159-160. 3876:, p. 414-415. 3861:, p. 303-304. 3849:, p. 112-114. 3813:, p. 106-107. 3801:, p. 473-474. 3777:, p. 507-508. 3726:, p. 415-416. 3693:, p. 413-414. 3569:, p. 408,467. 3506:, p. 299-300. 3287:, p. 180-181. 2706:, p. 376-377. 2625:Thanissaro Bhikkhu 2564:Bhadda Kundalakesa 2458: 2438:Maha Bodhi Society 2409: 2317: 2217: 2097:doctrines such as 2052: 2038:In Mahayana sutras 1971:, argues that the 1890: 1819:Buddhist cosmology 1782: 1713: 1583: 1438: 1428:Meeting the Buddha 1392:six major teachers 1369: 566:Buddhist modernism 208:(Shin Sāriputtarā) 8736: 8735: 8509:Four Noble Truths 8449: 8448: 8087:Om mani padme hum 7793:Women in Buddhism 7709:Buddhist councils 7579:Western countries 7367:Madhyamakālaṃkāra 7128:Shaolin Monastery 6705:Samatha-vipassanā 6315:Pratītyasamutpāda 6119:Metteyya/Maitreya 6037: 6029: 6021: 6013: 6005: 5997: 5989: 5866:Four Noble Truths 5747:978-81-208-1321-2 5715:Thomas, Edward J. 5654:978-90-04-29937-5 5577:978-0-470-65877-2 5530:www.wisdomlib.org 5506:978-0-19-535061-6 5437:978-81-208-3022-6 5340:978-0-691-15220-2 5280:978-0-9844043-0-8 5201:978-0-8160-5459-6 5138:978-0-86171-381-3 5101:978-0-521-85942-4 5063:978-1-888375-93-0 5032:978-81-208-1956-6 4865:978-0-691-15786-3 4854:, Princeton, NJ: 4797:978-1-928706-02-1 4768:978-1-4094-4012-3 4737:978-0-8248-1662-9 3555:Malalasekera 1937 2870:Xuanzang (1958). 2765:Malalasekera 2007 2588:Hatthaka of Alavi 2571:Sammaditthi Sutta 2090:Vimalakīrti Sūtra 2001:Abhidharma Pitaka 1933:Abhidharma Pitaka 1747:Patisambhidamagga 1521:ordained as monks 1488:Nyanaponika Thera 1417:meditative vision 1318:. Texts from the 1282:Anomadassi Buddha 1276:According to the 1271:Nyanaponika Thera 1115: 1114: 597:Four Noble Truths 470: 469: 435: 156: 155: 16:(Redirected from 8806: 8726: 8725: 8716: 8715: 8612:pilgrimage sites 8607:Mahabodhi Temple 8476: 8469: 8462: 8453: 8439: 8438: 8427: 8426: 8266:Sacred languages 8114:Maya Devi Temple 8077:Mahabodhi Temple 7881:Secular Buddhism 7846:Engaged Buddhism 6686: 6534:Tibetan Buddhism 6485:Vietnamese Thiền 6084:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 6035: 6027: 6019: 6011: 6003: 5995: 5987: 5836: 5835: 5823: 5813: 5803: 5796: 5789: 5780: 5761: 5760: 5759: 5730: 5725: 5710: 5709: 5708: 5679: 5673: 5665: 5639: 5638: 5637: 5631: 5625:, archived from 5606: 5594: 5593: 5592: 5586: 5580:, archived from 5561: 5543: 5542: 5541: 5520: 5519: 5518: 5489: 5488: 5487: 5451: 5450: 5449: 5420: 5419: 5418: 5382: 5371: 5370: 5368: 5362: 5355: 5343: 5325: 5324: 5323: 5294: 5293: 5292: 5263: 5262: 5261: 5243: 5218: 5217: 5216: 5210: 5204:, archived from 5189: 5177: 5149: 5147: 5141:, archived from 5130: 5118: 5117: 5116: 5110: 5089: 5077: 5076: 5075: 5046: 5045: 5044: 5015: 5014: 5013: 5007: 4976: 4966: 4955: 4937: 4926: 4914: 4913: 4912: 4882: 4881: 4880: 4874: 4853: 4837: 4836: 4835: 4829: 4823:, archived from 4812: 4800: 4782: 4781: 4780: 4751: 4750: 4749: 4720: 4719: 4718: 4668: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4644: 4638: 4632: 4626: 4617: 4611: 4605: 4599: 4593: 4587: 4578: 4572: 4566: 4560: 4551: 4545: 4539: 4538: 4536: 4535: 4515: 4509: 4503: 4497: 4491: 4482: 4476: 4470: 4464: 4458: 4452: 4446: 4440: 4431: 4425: 4414: 4408: 4402: 4396: 4390: 4389: 4387: 4386: 4366: 4357: 4351: 4345: 4339: 4333: 4327: 4321: 4315: 4306: 4300: 4294: 4288: 4282: 4276: 4270: 4264: 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4234: 4233:, p. 12-13. 4228: 4222: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4198: 4192: 4186: 4180: 4174: 4168: 4162: 4156: 4150: 4144: 4135: 4129: 4116: 4110: 4104: 4098: 4092: 4086: 4065: 4059: 4053: 4047: 4041: 4035: 4026: 4020: 4014: 4008: 4002: 3996: 3990: 3984: 3978: 3972: 3966: 3960: 3954: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3901: 3895: 3889: 3883: 3877: 3871: 3862: 3856: 3850: 3844: 3838: 3832: 3826: 3820: 3814: 3808: 3802: 3796: 3790: 3784: 3778: 3772: 3766: 3760: 3751: 3750:, p. 91-92. 3745: 3739: 3733: 3727: 3721: 3715: 3709: 3694: 3688: 3682: 3676: 3667: 3661: 3655: 3654: 3652: 3650: 3630: 3624: 3623:, p. 68-69. 3618: 3609: 3603: 3594: 3593:, p. 74-75. 3588: 3582: 3581:, p. 69-70. 3576: 3570: 3564: 3558: 3552: 3531: 3525: 3519: 3513: 3507: 3501: 3492: 3486: 3477: 3471: 3450: 3444: 3438: 3432: 3426: 3420: 3414: 3408: 3402: 3401:, p. 56-57. 3396: 3390: 3389:, p. 57-58. 3384: 3378: 3372: 3366: 3360: 3354: 3348: 3339: 3333: 3324: 3323:, p. 55-56. 3318: 3312: 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3282: 3276: 3270: 3264: 3258: 3249: 3248:, p. 51-53. 3243: 3237: 3231: 3212: 3206: 3200: 3194: 3188: 3187: 3164: 3158: 3152: 3146: 3140: 3134: 3133:, p. 49-50. 3128: 3122: 3116: 3110: 3104: 3098: 3092: 3086: 3085: 3083: 3082: 3063: 3057: 3051: 3045: 3039: 3022: 3016: 3010: 3004: 2998: 2997: 2995: 2994: 2977: 2971: 2970: 2968: 2967: 2942:(1/4): 175–188. 2927: 2921: 2920: 2918: 2917: 2900: 2894: 2893: 2884: 2878: 2877: 2867: 2861: 2860: 2858: 2857: 2839: 2833: 2827: 2818: 2812: 2806: 2800: 2783: 2777: 2768: 2762: 2751: 2750:, p. 58-61. 2745: 2736: 2730: 2719: 2713: 2707: 2701: 2695: 2689: 2683: 2682:, p. 31-32. 2677: 2662: 2655: 2649: 2646: 2640: 2631:than to train a 2621: 2615: 2612: 2606: 2603: 2430:Jawaharlal Nehru 2232:how to practice 1981:Edward J. Thomas 1599:Mahāpadāna Sutta 1490: 1452: 1413:Tibetan accounts 1320:Mūlasarvāstivāda 1152:, together with 1127: 1107: 1100: 1093: 1077: 1076: 804:Sublime abidings 495: 472: 459: 443: 442: 440: 430: 414: 398: 397: 380: 379: 365: 346: 345: 332: 331: 311: 303: 281: 280: 279: 255: 236: 235: 221: 219:ʃɪ̀ɴθàɹḭpoʊʔtəɹà 210: 209: 194: 180: 179: 158: 78:Upatiṣya (Pali: 53: 39: 21: 8814: 8813: 8809: 8808: 8807: 8805: 8804: 8803: 8739: 8738: 8737: 8732: 8704: 8490: 8480: 8450: 8445: 8433: 8415: 8367: 8282: 8197: 7934:Ordination hall 7895: 7797: 7768:Buddhist crisis 7680: 7377: 7329:Mahayana sutras 7305: 7301:Thích Nhất Hạnh 7132: 7005: 6945: 6895:Bodhisattva vow 6580: 6446: 6386: 6345:Taṇhā (Craving) 6280:Five hindrances 6231: 6123: 6053: 5907: 5852: 5824: 5807: 5769: 5764: 5757: 5755: 5748: 5733: 5723: 5713: 5706: 5704: 5697: 5682: 5666: 5655: 5642: 5635: 5633: 5629: 5615: 5604: 5597: 5590: 5588: 5584: 5578: 5568:Wiley-Blackwell 5559: 5546: 5539: 5537: 5523: 5516: 5514: 5507: 5492: 5485: 5483: 5454: 5447: 5445: 5438: 5423: 5416: 5414: 5407: 5385: 5374: 5366: 5364: 5360: 5353: 5346: 5341: 5328: 5321: 5319: 5312: 5297: 5290: 5288: 5281: 5266: 5259: 5257: 5221: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5202: 5187: 5180: 5167: 5152: 5145: 5139: 5128: 5121: 5114: 5112: 5108: 5102: 5087: 5080: 5073: 5071: 5064: 5049: 5042: 5040: 5033: 5018: 5011: 5009: 5005: 4974: 4969: 4958: 4953: 4940: 4935: 4924: 4917: 4910: 4908: 4885: 4878: 4876: 4872: 4866: 4851: 4840: 4833: 4831: 4827: 4821: 4810: 4803: 4798: 4785: 4778: 4776: 4769: 4754: 4747: 4745: 4738: 4723: 4716: 4714: 4680: 4676: 4671: 4663: 4659: 4651: 4647: 4639: 4635: 4627: 4620: 4612: 4608: 4600: 4596: 4588: 4581: 4573: 4569: 4561: 4554: 4546: 4542: 4533: 4531: 4524:Catholic Philly 4517: 4516: 4512: 4504: 4500: 4492: 4485: 4477: 4473: 4465: 4461: 4453: 4449: 4441: 4434: 4426: 4417: 4409: 4405: 4397: 4393: 4384: 4382: 4368: 4367: 4360: 4354:Cunningham 1854 4352: 4348: 4340: 4336: 4328: 4324: 4316: 4309: 4301: 4297: 4289: 4285: 4277: 4273: 4265: 4261: 4253: 4249: 4241: 4237: 4229: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4205: 4201: 4193: 4189: 4181: 4177: 4169: 4165: 4157: 4153: 4145: 4138: 4130: 4119: 4115:, p. 1904. 4111: 4107: 4099: 4095: 4087: 4068: 4060: 4056: 4048: 4044: 4036: 4029: 4021: 4017: 4009: 4005: 3997: 3993: 3985: 3981: 3973: 3969: 3961: 3957: 3949: 3945: 3937: 3933: 3925: 3921: 3913: 3904: 3896: 3892: 3884: 3880: 3872: 3865: 3859:Cunningham 1854 3857: 3853: 3845: 3841: 3833: 3829: 3821: 3817: 3809: 3805: 3797: 3793: 3785: 3781: 3773: 3769: 3761: 3754: 3746: 3742: 3734: 3730: 3722: 3718: 3710: 3697: 3689: 3685: 3677: 3670: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3632: 3631: 3627: 3619: 3612: 3604: 3597: 3589: 3585: 3577: 3573: 3565: 3561: 3553: 3534: 3526: 3522: 3514: 3510: 3504:Cunningham 1854 3502: 3495: 3487: 3480: 3472: 3453: 3445: 3441: 3433: 3429: 3421: 3417: 3409: 3405: 3397: 3393: 3385: 3381: 3373: 3369: 3361: 3357: 3349: 3342: 3334: 3327: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3295: 3291: 3283: 3279: 3271: 3267: 3259: 3252: 3244: 3240: 3236:, p. 1903. 3232: 3215: 3207: 3203: 3195: 3191: 3166: 3165: 3161: 3153: 3149: 3141: 3137: 3129: 3125: 3117: 3113: 3105: 3101: 3097:, p. 1902. 3093: 3089: 3080: 3078: 3065: 3064: 3060: 3052: 3048: 3040: 3025: 3017: 3013: 3005: 3001: 2992: 2990: 2979: 2978: 2974: 2965: 2963: 2929: 2928: 2924: 2915: 2913: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2886: 2885: 2881: 2869: 2868: 2864: 2855: 2853: 2841: 2840: 2836: 2828: 2821: 2813: 2809: 2801: 2786: 2778: 2771: 2763: 2754: 2746: 2739: 2731: 2722: 2714: 2710: 2702: 2698: 2690: 2686: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2622: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2604: 2600: 2596: 2560: 2446: 2434:Kaba Aye Pagoda 2348:in the city of 2302: 2296: 2284:, while in the 2205: 2116: 2085: 2056:Mahayana sutras 2040: 1914:tradition, the 1874: 1868: 1787: 1684: 1625:Dasuttara Sutta 1571: 1491: 1485: 1430: 1300: 1295: 1237: 1168:Mahayana sutras 1111: 1071: 1064: 1063: 954: 944: 943: 894: 884: 883: 849: 839: 838: 744: 734: 733: 704:Mahayana Sutras 684: 674: 673: 614:Five Aggregates 592: 591: 571: 570: 561:Later Buddhists 526: 456: 428: 407: 399: 396: 395: 358: 356: 347: 325: 304: 291: 282: 248: 246: 237: 211: 207: 206:ရှင်သာရိပုတ္တရာ 178: 176: 162: 161:Translations of 111: 94: 84: 83: 56: 44: 35: 32: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8812: 8810: 8802: 8801: 8796: 8791: 8786: 8781: 8776: 8771: 8766: 8761: 8756: 8751: 8741: 8740: 8734: 8733: 8731: 8730: 8720: 8709: 8706: 8705: 8703: 8702: 8701: 8700: 8690: 8685: 8680: 8679: 8678: 8668: 8667: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8615: 8614: 8609: 8587: 8586: 8585: 8580: 8575: 8570: 8565: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8539: 8538: 8528: 8527: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8504:Core teachings 8501: 8495: 8492: 8491: 8487:Gautama Buddha 8481: 8479: 8478: 8471: 8464: 8456: 8447: 8446: 8444: 8443: 8431: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8414: 8413: 8408: 8403: 8398: 8393: 8388: 8383: 8377: 8375: 8369: 8368: 8366: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8350: 8345: 8340: 8335: 8330: 8325: 8320: 8315: 8314: 8313: 8308: 8298: 8292: 8290: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8280: 8279: 8278: 8273: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8207: 8205: 8199: 8198: 8196: 8195: 8190: 8185: 8184: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8168: 8163: 8153: 8148: 8143: 8138: 8133: 8132: 8131: 8126: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8090: 8089: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8063: 8062: 8057: 8052: 8047: 8042: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 8001: 8000: 7998:Greco-Buddhist 7990: 7989: 7988: 7983: 7978: 7973: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7952: 7951: 7949:Burmese pagoda 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7905: 7903: 7897: 7896: 7894: 7893: 7888: 7883: 7878: 7873: 7868: 7863: 7858: 7853: 7848: 7843: 7838: 7833: 7828: 7823: 7818: 7813: 7807: 7805: 7799: 7798: 7796: 7795: 7790: 7785: 7780: 7775: 7770: 7765: 7760: 7755: 7750: 7745: 7740: 7739: 7738: 7731:Greco-Buddhism 7728: 7723: 7722: 7721: 7711: 7706: 7701: 7696: 7690: 7688: 7682: 7681: 7679: 7678: 7677: 7676: 7671: 7666: 7664:United Kingdom 7661: 7656: 7651: 7646: 7641: 7636: 7631: 7626: 7621: 7616: 7611: 7609:Czech Republic 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7576: 7575: 7574: 7569: 7559: 7558: 7557: 7547: 7546: 7545: 7540: 7530: 7525: 7520: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7499: 7498: 7488: 7483: 7473: 7468: 7463: 7458: 7453: 7448: 7443: 7438: 7433: 7428: 7423: 7418: 7413: 7408: 7403: 7398: 7393: 7387: 7385: 7379: 7378: 7376: 7375: 7373:Abhidharmadīpa 7370: 7363: 7358: 7353: 7346: 7341: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7321: 7315: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7304: 7303: 7298: 7293: 7291:B. R. Ambedkar 7288: 7283: 7278: 7273: 7268: 7263: 7258: 7253: 7248: 7243: 7238: 7233: 7228: 7223: 7218: 7213: 7211:Songtsen Gampo 7208: 7203: 7198: 7193: 7188: 7183: 7178: 7173: 7168: 7163: 7158: 7153: 7148: 7142: 7140: 7134: 7133: 7131: 7130: 7125: 7124: 7123: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7098: 7093: 7088: 7087: 7086: 7076: 7071: 7066: 7061: 7056: 7051: 7046: 7041: 7036: 7031: 7026: 7021: 7015: 7013: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7003: 7002: 7001: 6996: 6991: 6986: 6976: 6971: 6966: 6961: 6955: 6953: 6947: 6946: 6944: 6943: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6926: 6925: 6924: 6919: 6914: 6904: 6903: 6902: 6897: 6892: 6890:Eight precepts 6887: 6877: 6876: 6875: 6870: 6865: 6860: 6850: 6849: 6848: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6827: 6826: 6821: 6816: 6806: 6801: 6796: 6791: 6786: 6785: 6784: 6779: 6769: 6764: 6763: 6762: 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6737: 6732: 6727: 6722: 6717: 6712: 6702: 6697: 6692: 6687: 6678: 6668: 6663: 6661:Five Strengths 6658: 6653: 6648: 6643: 6638: 6633: 6628: 6627: 6626: 6621: 6616: 6611: 6601: 6596: 6590: 6588: 6582: 6581: 6579: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6563: 6558: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6546: 6541: 6536: 6526: 6525: 6524: 6519: 6514: 6509: 6504: 6499: 6494: 6489: 6488: 6487: 6482: 6477: 6472: 6456: 6454: 6448: 6447: 6445: 6444: 6439: 6438: 6437: 6432: 6427: 6422: 6417: 6412: 6402: 6396: 6394: 6388: 6387: 6385: 6384: 6379: 6378: 6377: 6372: 6367: 6357: 6352: 6347: 6342: 6337: 6332: 6327: 6322: 6317: 6312: 6307: 6302: 6300:Mental factors 6297: 6292: 6287: 6282: 6277: 6272: 6267: 6262: 6257: 6252: 6247: 6241: 6239: 6233: 6232: 6230: 6229: 6224: 6219: 6214: 6209: 6204: 6199: 6194: 6189: 6184: 6179: 6174: 6169: 6164: 6159: 6154: 6152:Mahamoggallāna 6149: 6144: 6139: 6133: 6131: 6125: 6124: 6122: 6121: 6116: 6111: 6106: 6101: 6096: 6091: 6086: 6081: 6076: 6075: 6074: 6067:Avalokiteśvara 6063: 6061: 6055: 6054: 6052: 6051: 6046: 6041: 6040: 6039: 6031: 6023: 6015: 6007: 5999: 5991: 5978: 5973: 5968: 5963: 5958: 5953: 5948: 5943: 5938: 5933: 5928: 5923: 5917: 5915: 5909: 5908: 5906: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5868: 5862: 5860: 5854: 5853: 5851: 5850: 5845: 5840: 5829: 5826: 5825: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5798: 5791: 5783: 5777: 5776: 5768: 5767:External links 5765: 5763: 5762: 5746: 5731: 5711: 5695: 5680: 5653: 5640: 5613: 5595: 5576: 5544: 5521: 5505: 5490: 5470:(2): 405–554, 5452: 5436: 5421: 5405: 5383: 5378:The Maha Bodhi 5372: 5344: 5339: 5326: 5310: 5295: 5279: 5264: 5219: 5200: 5178: 5165: 5150: 5137: 5119: 5100: 5078: 5062: 5047: 5031: 5016: 4985:(1): 101–128, 4967: 4956: 4951: 4938: 4934:978-0877040484 4933: 4915: 4883: 4864: 4838: 4819: 4801: 4796: 4783: 4767: 4752: 4736: 4721: 4693:(3): 270–303, 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4669: 4657: 4655:, p. 398. 4645: 4633: 4631:, p. 138. 4618: 4616:, p. 750. 4606: 4604:, p. 731. 4594: 4592:, p. 212. 4579: 4567: 4552: 4540: 4518:Akkara, Anto. 4510: 4498: 4496:, p. 118. 4483: 4471: 4469:, p. 109. 4459: 4447: 4445:, p. 277. 4432: 4430:, p. 108. 4415: 4403: 4401:, p. 275. 4391: 4358: 4356:, p. 297. 4346: 4344:, p. 274. 4334: 4332:, p. 148. 4322: 4307: 4295: 4293:, p. 215. 4283: 4281:, p. 491. 4271: 4259: 4247: 4235: 4223: 4221:, p. 121. 4211: 4199: 4187: 4175: 4163: 4151: 4149:, p. 126. 4136: 4117: 4105: 4103:, p. 428. 4093: 4066: 4064:, p. 538. 4054: 4052:, p. 537. 4042: 4027: 4015: 4003: 4001:, p. 524. 3991: 3989:, p. 158. 3979: 3977:, p. 523. 3967: 3965:, p. 408. 3955: 3953:, p. 520. 3943: 3941:, p. 521. 3931: 3919: 3917:, p. 416. 3902: 3900:, p. 415. 3890: 3888:, p. 484. 3878: 3863: 3851: 3839: 3837:, p. 476. 3827: 3825:, p. 475. 3815: 3803: 3791: 3789:, p. 508. 3779: 3767: 3765:, p. 412. 3752: 3740: 3738:, p. 506. 3728: 3716: 3714:, p. 414. 3695: 3683: 3681:, p. 134. 3668: 3656: 3625: 3610: 3608:, p. 471. 3595: 3583: 3571: 3559: 3532: 3520: 3508: 3493: 3478: 3476:, p. 413. 3451: 3449:, p. 416. 3439: 3427: 3415: 3413:, p. 452. 3403: 3391: 3379: 3377:, p. 104. 3367: 3355: 3340: 3338:, p. 451. 3325: 3313: 3311:, p. 450. 3301: 3289: 3277: 3275:, p. 180. 3265: 3250: 3238: 3213: 3201: 3189: 3159: 3147: 3135: 3123: 3121:, p. 102. 3111: 3099: 3087: 3071:Wisdom Library 3058: 3046: 3044:, p. 411. 3023: 3011: 3009:, p. 458. 2999: 2982:The Maha Bodhi 2972: 2922: 2895: 2879: 2876:. Susil Gupta. 2862: 2834: 2832:, p. 521. 2819: 2807: 2805:, p. 410. 2784: 2769: 2767:, p. 542. 2752: 2737: 2720: 2718:, p. 455. 2708: 2696: 2694:, p. 235. 2692:Mahathera 1998 2684: 2671: 2669: 2666: 2664: 2663: 2650: 2641: 2616: 2607: 2597: 2595: 2592: 2591: 2590: 2585: 2580: 2575: 2567: 2559: 2556: 2493:brahma-vihārās 2445: 2442: 2422:Colombo Museum 2331:built by King 2298:Main article: 2295: 2292: 2230:Avalokiteśvara 2204: 2201: 2156:prajnaparamita 2146:prajnaparamita 2134:prajñāpāramitā 2125:prajñāpāramitā 2120:prajñāpāramitā 2115: 2112: 2084: 2081: 2039: 2036: 1993:Matrka" Pitaka 1947:Sangitiparyaya 1870:Main article: 1867: 1864: 1786: 1783: 1765:pratyekabuddha 1717:monastic rules 1683: 1680: 1637:Dharmasenapati 1613:psychic powers 1570: 1569:Chief disciple 1567: 1486:Translated by 1483: 1462:Ye Dharma Hetu 1429: 1426: 1405:Indian Sceptic 1299: 1296: 1294: 1291: 1241:Buddhist texts 1236: 1233: 1217:Dhammasenāpati 1213:Dharmasenāpati 1209:monastic rules 1113: 1112: 1110: 1109: 1102: 1095: 1087: 1084: 1083: 1082: 1081: 1066: 1065: 1062: 1061: 1056: 1051: 1046: 1041: 1036: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1016: 1011: 1006: 1001: 996: 991: 986: 981: 976: 971: 966: 961: 955: 950: 949: 946: 945: 942: 941: 936: 931: 926: 921: 916: 911: 906: 901: 895: 890: 889: 886: 885: 882: 881: 876: 871: 869:Pratyekabuddha 866: 861: 856: 850: 845: 844: 841: 840: 837: 836: 831: 826: 824:Buddhist chant 821: 816: 811: 806: 801: 796: 791: 786: 781: 776: 771: 766: 761: 756: 751: 745: 740: 739: 736: 735: 732: 731: 726: 721: 716: 711: 706: 701: 696: 691: 685: 682:Buddhist texts 680: 679: 676: 675: 672: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 610: 609: 599: 593: 590: 589: 584: 578: 577: 576: 573: 572: 569: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 527: 522: 521: 518: 517: 516: 515: 510: 505: 497: 496: 488: 487: 481: 480: 468: 467: 461: 460: 451: 445: 444: 423: 417: 416: 406:: shA ri'i bu) 393: 392: 388: 382: 381: 374: 368: 367: 340: 334: 333: 320: 314: 313: 302: 299: 296: 278: 275: 272: 264: 258: 257: 230: 224: 223: 202: 196: 195: 188: 182: 181: 171: 165: 164: 154: 153: 151:Gautama Buddha 148: 144: 143: 142:Senior posting 139: 138: 135: 131: 130: 127: 123: 122: 117: 113: 112: 102: 100: 96: 95: 85: 77: 75: 71: 70: 66: 65: 62: 58: 57: 54: 46: 45: 42: 33: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8811: 8800: 8797: 8795: 8792: 8790: 8787: 8785: 8782: 8780: 8777: 8775: 8772: 8770: 8767: 8765: 8762: 8760: 8757: 8755: 8752: 8750: 8747: 8746: 8744: 8729: 8721: 8719: 8711: 8710: 8707: 8699: 8696: 8695: 8694: 8691: 8689: 8686: 8684: 8681: 8677: 8674: 8673: 8672: 8671:Buddha in art 8669: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8651: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8604: 8600: 8596: 8593: 8592: 8591: 8588: 8584: 8581: 8579: 8576: 8574: 8571: 8569: 8566: 8564: 8561: 8560: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8537: 8534: 8533: 8532: 8529: 8525: 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8506: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8496: 8493: 8488: 8484: 8477: 8472: 8470: 8465: 8463: 8458: 8457: 8454: 8442: 8437: 8432: 8430: 8422: 8421: 8418: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8394: 8392: 8389: 8387: 8384: 8382: 8379: 8378: 8376: 8374: 8370: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8354: 8351: 8349: 8346: 8344: 8341: 8339: 8336: 8334: 8331: 8329: 8326: 8324: 8321: 8319: 8316: 8312: 8309: 8307: 8304: 8303: 8302: 8299: 8297: 8294: 8293: 8291: 8289: 8285: 8277: 8274: 8272: 8269: 8268: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8204: 8203:Miscellaneous 8200: 8194: 8193:Vegetarianism 8191: 8189: 8186: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8169: 8167: 8164: 8162: 8159: 8158: 8157: 8154: 8152: 8149: 8147: 8144: 8142: 8139: 8137: 8134: 8130: 8127: 8125: 8122: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8106: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8088: 8085: 8084: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8061: 8058: 8056: 8053: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8037: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8015:Buddha in art 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 7999: 7996: 7995: 7994: 7991: 7987: 7984: 7982: 7979: 7977: 7974: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7950: 7947: 7946: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7911: 7910: 7907: 7906: 7904: 7902: 7898: 7892: 7889: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7872: 7869: 7867: 7864: 7862: 7859: 7857: 7854: 7852: 7849: 7847: 7844: 7842: 7839: 7837: 7834: 7832: 7829: 7827: 7824: 7822: 7819: 7817: 7814: 7812: 7809: 7808: 7806: 7804: 7800: 7794: 7791: 7789: 7786: 7784: 7781: 7779: 7776: 7774: 7771: 7769: 7766: 7764: 7761: 7759: 7756: 7754: 7751: 7749: 7746: 7744: 7741: 7737: 7734: 7733: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7720: 7717: 7716: 7715: 7712: 7710: 7707: 7705: 7702: 7700: 7697: 7695: 7692: 7691: 7689: 7687: 7683: 7675: 7672: 7670: 7669:United States 7667: 7665: 7662: 7660: 7657: 7655: 7652: 7650: 7647: 7645: 7642: 7640: 7637: 7635: 7632: 7630: 7627: 7625: 7622: 7620: 7617: 7615: 7612: 7610: 7607: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7581: 7580: 7577: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7564: 7563: 7560: 7556: 7553: 7552: 7551: 7548: 7544: 7541: 7539: 7536: 7535: 7534: 7531: 7529: 7526: 7524: 7521: 7519: 7516: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7496: 7492: 7489: 7487: 7484: 7482: 7479: 7478: 7477: 7474: 7472: 7469: 7467: 7464: 7462: 7459: 7457: 7454: 7452: 7449: 7447: 7444: 7442: 7439: 7437: 7434: 7432: 7429: 7427: 7424: 7422: 7419: 7417: 7414: 7412: 7409: 7407: 7404: 7402: 7399: 7397: 7394: 7392: 7389: 7388: 7386: 7384: 7380: 7374: 7371: 7369: 7368: 7364: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7352: 7351: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7340: 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7316: 7314: 7312: 7308: 7302: 7299: 7297: 7294: 7292: 7289: 7287: 7284: 7282: 7279: 7277: 7274: 7272: 7269: 7267: 7264: 7262: 7259: 7257: 7254: 7252: 7249: 7247: 7244: 7242: 7239: 7237: 7234: 7232: 7229: 7227: 7226:Padmasambhava 7224: 7222: 7219: 7217: 7214: 7212: 7209: 7207: 7204: 7202: 7199: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7187: 7184: 7182: 7179: 7177: 7174: 7172: 7169: 7167: 7164: 7162: 7159: 7157: 7154: 7152: 7149: 7147: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7139: 7138:Major figures 7135: 7129: 7126: 7122: 7119: 7118: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7097: 7094: 7092: 7089: 7085: 7084:Western tulku 7082: 7081: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7070: 7067: 7065: 7062: 7060: 7057: 7055: 7052: 7050: 7047: 7045: 7042: 7040: 7037: 7035: 7032: 7030: 7027: 7025: 7022: 7020: 7017: 7016: 7014: 7012: 7008: 7000: 6997: 6995: 6992: 6990: 6987: 6985: 6982: 6981: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6970: 6967: 6965: 6962: 6960: 6957: 6956: 6954: 6952: 6948: 6942: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6930: 6927: 6923: 6920: 6918: 6915: 6913: 6910: 6909: 6908: 6905: 6901: 6898: 6896: 6893: 6891: 6888: 6886: 6885:Five precepts 6883: 6882: 6881: 6878: 6874: 6871: 6869: 6866: 6864: 6863:Dhamma vicaya 6861: 6859: 6856: 6855: 6854: 6851: 6847: 6844: 6843: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6829: 6825: 6822: 6820: 6817: 6815: 6812: 6811: 6810: 6807: 6805: 6802: 6800: 6797: 6795: 6792: 6790: 6787: 6783: 6780: 6778: 6775: 6774: 6773: 6770: 6768: 6765: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6738: 6736: 6733: 6731: 6728: 6726: 6723: 6721: 6718: 6716: 6713: 6710: 6706: 6703: 6701: 6698: 6696: 6693: 6691: 6688: 6685: 6684: 6679: 6677: 6674: 6673: 6672: 6669: 6667: 6664: 6662: 6659: 6657: 6654: 6652: 6649: 6647: 6644: 6642: 6639: 6637: 6634: 6632: 6631:Buddhābhiṣeka 6629: 6625: 6622: 6620: 6617: 6615: 6612: 6610: 6607: 6606: 6605: 6602: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6592: 6591: 6589: 6587: 6583: 6577: 6574: 6572: 6569: 6567: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6554: 6550: 6547: 6545: 6542: 6540: 6537: 6535: 6532: 6531: 6530: 6527: 6523: 6520: 6518: 6515: 6513: 6510: 6508: 6505: 6503: 6500: 6498: 6495: 6493: 6490: 6486: 6483: 6481: 6478: 6476: 6473: 6471: 6468: 6467: 6466: 6463: 6462: 6461: 6458: 6457: 6455: 6453: 6449: 6443: 6440: 6436: 6433: 6431: 6428: 6426: 6423: 6421: 6418: 6416: 6413: 6411: 6408: 6407: 6406: 6403: 6401: 6398: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6389: 6383: 6380: 6376: 6373: 6371: 6368: 6366: 6363: 6362: 6361: 6358: 6356: 6353: 6351: 6348: 6346: 6343: 6341: 6338: 6336: 6333: 6331: 6328: 6326: 6323: 6321: 6318: 6316: 6313: 6311: 6308: 6306: 6303: 6301: 6298: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6286: 6283: 6281: 6278: 6276: 6275:Enlightenment 6273: 6271: 6268: 6266: 6265:Dhamma theory 6263: 6261: 6260:Buddha-nature 6258: 6256: 6253: 6251: 6248: 6246: 6243: 6242: 6240: 6238: 6234: 6228: 6225: 6223: 6220: 6218: 6215: 6213: 6210: 6208: 6205: 6203: 6200: 6198: 6195: 6193: 6190: 6188: 6185: 6183: 6180: 6178: 6175: 6173: 6170: 6168: 6165: 6163: 6160: 6158: 6155: 6153: 6150: 6148: 6145: 6143: 6140: 6138: 6135: 6134: 6132: 6130: 6126: 6120: 6117: 6115: 6112: 6110: 6107: 6105: 6102: 6100: 6099:Samantabhadra 6097: 6095: 6092: 6090: 6087: 6085: 6082: 6080: 6077: 6073: 6070: 6069: 6068: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6060: 6056: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6038: 6032: 6030: 6024: 6022: 6016: 6014: 6008: 6006: 6000: 5998: 5992: 5990: 5984: 5983: 5982: 5979: 5977: 5974: 5972: 5969: 5967: 5964: 5962: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5952: 5949: 5947: 5944: 5942: 5939: 5937: 5934: 5932: 5929: 5927: 5924: 5922: 5919: 5918: 5916: 5914: 5910: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5873: 5872: 5869: 5867: 5864: 5863: 5861: 5859: 5855: 5849: 5846: 5844: 5841: 5839: 5831: 5830: 5827: 5822: 5817: 5812: 5804: 5799: 5797: 5792: 5790: 5785: 5784: 5781: 5774: 5771: 5770: 5766: 5753: 5749: 5743: 5739: 5738: 5732: 5729: 5722: 5721: 5716: 5712: 5702: 5698: 5696:9788170173175 5692: 5688: 5687: 5681: 5677: 5671: 5664: 5660: 5656: 5650: 5646: 5641: 5632:on 2018-09-11 5628: 5624: 5620: 5616: 5614:0-203-00731-X 5610: 5603: 5602: 5596: 5587:on 2017-08-28 5583: 5579: 5573: 5569: 5565: 5558: 5556: 5552: 5545: 5535: 5531: 5527: 5522: 5512: 5508: 5502: 5498: 5497: 5491: 5481: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5466:(in French), 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5443: 5439: 5433: 5429: 5428: 5422: 5412: 5408: 5406:81-208-3022-9 5402: 5398: 5394: 5393: 5388: 5384: 5380: 5379: 5373: 5359: 5352: 5351: 5345: 5342: 5336: 5332: 5327: 5317: 5313: 5311:9780887065897 5307: 5303: 5302: 5296: 5286: 5282: 5276: 5272: 5271: 5265: 5255: 5251: 5247: 5242: 5237: 5233: 5229: 5225: 5220: 5211:on 2017-05-17 5207: 5203: 5197: 5193: 5192:Facts on File 5186: 5185: 5179: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5166:0-8160-4640-9 5162: 5158: 5157: 5151: 5148:on 2017-09-24 5144: 5140: 5134: 5127: 5126: 5120: 5107: 5103: 5097: 5093: 5086: 5085: 5079: 5069: 5065: 5059: 5055: 5054: 5048: 5038: 5034: 5028: 5024: 5023: 5017: 5004: 5000: 4996: 4992: 4988: 4984: 4980: 4973: 4968: 4964: 4963: 4957: 4954: 4952:0-520-05321-4 4948: 4944: 4939: 4936: 4930: 4923: 4922: 4916: 4906: 4902: 4898: 4897: 4892: 4888: 4884: 4871: 4867: 4861: 4857: 4850: 4849: 4844: 4839: 4830:on 2018-06-29 4826: 4822: 4820:0-02-865718-7 4816: 4809: 4808: 4802: 4799: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4774: 4770: 4764: 4760: 4759: 4753: 4743: 4739: 4733: 4729: 4728: 4722: 4712: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4696: 4692: 4688: 4684: 4679: 4678: 4673: 4666: 4661: 4658: 4654: 4649: 4646: 4642: 4637: 4634: 4630: 4625: 4623: 4619: 4615: 4610: 4607: 4603: 4598: 4595: 4591: 4586: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4571: 4568: 4564: 4559: 4557: 4553: 4549: 4544: 4541: 4529: 4525: 4521: 4514: 4511: 4507: 4502: 4499: 4495: 4490: 4488: 4484: 4480: 4475: 4472: 4468: 4463: 4460: 4456: 4451: 4448: 4444: 4439: 4437: 4433: 4429: 4424: 4422: 4420: 4416: 4412: 4407: 4404: 4400: 4395: 4392: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4365: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4350: 4347: 4343: 4338: 4335: 4331: 4326: 4323: 4319: 4314: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4299: 4296: 4292: 4287: 4284: 4280: 4275: 4272: 4269:, p. 47. 4268: 4263: 4260: 4257:, p. 46. 4256: 4251: 4248: 4245:, p. 38. 4244: 4239: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4224: 4220: 4215: 4212: 4209:, p. 49. 4208: 4203: 4200: 4197:, p. 52. 4196: 4191: 4188: 4185:, p. 56. 4184: 4179: 4176: 4172: 4167: 4164: 4160: 4155: 4152: 4148: 4143: 4141: 4137: 4133: 4128: 4126: 4124: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4109: 4106: 4102: 4097: 4094: 4090: 4085: 4083: 4081: 4079: 4077: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4067: 4063: 4058: 4055: 4051: 4046: 4043: 4040:, p. 51. 4039: 4034: 4032: 4028: 4024: 4019: 4016: 4012: 4007: 4004: 4000: 3995: 3992: 3988: 3983: 3980: 3976: 3971: 3968: 3964: 3959: 3956: 3952: 3947: 3944: 3940: 3935: 3932: 3928: 3923: 3920: 3916: 3911: 3909: 3907: 3903: 3899: 3894: 3891: 3887: 3882: 3879: 3875: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3860: 3855: 3852: 3848: 3843: 3840: 3836: 3831: 3828: 3824: 3819: 3816: 3812: 3807: 3804: 3800: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3783: 3780: 3776: 3771: 3768: 3764: 3759: 3757: 3753: 3749: 3744: 3741: 3737: 3732: 3729: 3725: 3720: 3717: 3713: 3708: 3706: 3704: 3702: 3700: 3696: 3692: 3687: 3684: 3680: 3675: 3673: 3669: 3666:, p. 69. 3665: 3660: 3657: 3644: 3640: 3636: 3629: 3626: 3622: 3617: 3615: 3611: 3607: 3602: 3600: 3596: 3592: 3587: 3584: 3580: 3575: 3572: 3568: 3563: 3560: 3556: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3543: 3541: 3539: 3537: 3533: 3530:, p. 23. 3529: 3524: 3521: 3517: 3512: 3509: 3505: 3500: 3498: 3494: 3491:, p. 47. 3490: 3485: 3483: 3479: 3475: 3470: 3468: 3466: 3464: 3462: 3460: 3458: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3443: 3440: 3437:, p. 65. 3436: 3431: 3428: 3425:, p. 19. 3424: 3419: 3416: 3412: 3407: 3404: 3400: 3395: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3380: 3376: 3371: 3368: 3364: 3359: 3356: 3353:, p. 56. 3352: 3347: 3345: 3341: 3337: 3332: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3317: 3314: 3310: 3305: 3302: 3299:, p. 54. 3298: 3293: 3290: 3286: 3281: 3278: 3274: 3269: 3266: 3263:, p. 53. 3262: 3257: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3242: 3239: 3235: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3220: 3218: 3214: 3211:, p. 51. 3210: 3205: 3202: 3198: 3193: 3190: 3185: 3181: 3178:(1–3): 65–6. 3177: 3174:(in French). 3173: 3169: 3163: 3160: 3157:, p. 14. 3156: 3151: 3148: 3145:, p. 50. 3144: 3139: 3136: 3132: 3127: 3124: 3120: 3115: 3112: 3109:, p. 66. 3108: 3103: 3100: 3096: 3091: 3088: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3062: 3059: 3056:, p. 87. 3055: 3050: 3047: 3043: 3038: 3036: 3034: 3032: 3030: 3028: 3024: 3021:, p. 36. 3020: 3015: 3012: 3008: 3003: 3000: 2988: 2984: 2983: 2976: 2973: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2949: 2945: 2941: 2937: 2936:East and West 2933: 2926: 2923: 2911: 2907: 2906: 2905:East and West 2899: 2896: 2891: 2890: 2883: 2880: 2875: 2874: 2866: 2863: 2851: 2847: 2846: 2838: 2835: 2831: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2811: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2797: 2795: 2793: 2791: 2789: 2785: 2782:, p. 49. 2781: 2776: 2774: 2770: 2766: 2761: 2759: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2744: 2742: 2738: 2735:, p. 67. 2734: 2729: 2727: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2712: 2709: 2705: 2700: 2697: 2693: 2688: 2685: 2681: 2676: 2673: 2667: 2660: 2654: 2651: 2645: 2642: 2638: 2635:to become an 2634: 2630: 2626: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2608: 2602: 2599: 2593: 2589: 2586: 2584: 2581: 2579: 2576: 2573: 2572: 2568: 2565: 2562: 2561: 2557: 2555: 2552: 2548: 2547: 2542: 2541: 2536: 2532: 2527: 2525: 2521: 2517: 2513: 2509: 2508:Samantabhadra 2506: 2502: 2497: 2495: 2494: 2489: 2485: 2484: 2479: 2475: 2471: 2467: 2463: 2455: 2450: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2414: 2405: 2401: 2399: 2395: 2391: 2387: 2383: 2379: 2375: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2359: 2355: 2351: 2347: 2346: 2341: 2336: 2334: 2330: 2326: 2322: 2314: 2311: 2306: 2301: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2269: 2265: 2264: 2259: 2255: 2251: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2240: 2235: 2231: 2228: 2224: 2223: 2214: 2209: 2202: 2200: 2198: 2194: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2177: 2175: 2174: 2169: 2168: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2153: 2152: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2126: 2121: 2113: 2111: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2096: 2092: 2091: 2082: 2080: 2078: 2074: 2069: 2065: 2061: 2057: 2049: 2044: 2037: 2035: 2033: 2028: 2024: 2020: 2019: 2015:according to 2014: 2010: 2007:, recited by 2006: 2005:Matrka Pitaka 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1965: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1953:Dharmaskandha 1949: 1948: 1943: 1939: 1935: 1934: 1929: 1928: 1923: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1906:describe the 1905: 1904:Bhikkhu Bodhi 1901: 1900:Rewata Dhamma 1897: 1896: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1873: 1865: 1863: 1861: 1860: 1855: 1854:Anathapindika 1851: 1847: 1846: 1841: 1840: 1835: 1834:Anupada Sutta 1831: 1827: 1822: 1820: 1816: 1812: 1808: 1804: 1800: 1795: 1794: 1784: 1779: 1774: 1770: 1767: 1766: 1761: 1757: 1753: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1731: 1728: 1723: 1718: 1709: 1705: 1702: 1698: 1693: 1689: 1681: 1679: 1677: 1673: 1672: 1667: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1649: 1644: 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1629:Saṅgīti Sutta 1626: 1622: 1616: 1614: 1610: 1609: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1580: 1575: 1568: 1566: 1564: 1563: 1558: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1537: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1510: 1509: 1503: 1501: 1497: 1489: 1482: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1466: 1464: 1463: 1457: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1434: 1427: 1425: 1423: 1418: 1414: 1410: 1406: 1402: 1398: 1393: 1389: 1384: 1382: 1378: 1374: 1373:Maudgalyāyana 1366: 1361: 1357: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1346: 1339: 1337: 1333: 1329: 1325: 1321: 1317: 1313: 1309: 1305: 1297: 1292: 1290: 1287: 1283: 1279: 1274: 1272: 1268: 1267: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1253:Maudgalyāyana 1250: 1246: 1242: 1239:According to 1234: 1232: 1230: 1226: 1222: 1218: 1214: 1210: 1206: 1202: 1197: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1186: 1180: 1175: 1173: 1169: 1165: 1164: 1159: 1155: 1154:Maudgalyāyana 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1123: 1119: 1108: 1103: 1101: 1096: 1094: 1089: 1088: 1086: 1085: 1080: 1075: 1070: 1069: 1068: 1067: 1060: 1057: 1055: 1052: 1050: 1047: 1045: 1042: 1040: 1037: 1035: 1032: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1022: 1020: 1017: 1015: 1012: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1000: 997: 995: 992: 990: 987: 985: 982: 980: 977: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 956: 953: 948: 947: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 925: 922: 920: 917: 915: 912: 910: 907: 905: 902: 900: 897: 896: 893: 888: 887: 880: 877: 875: 872: 870: 867: 865: 862: 860: 857: 855: 852: 851: 848: 843: 842: 835: 834:Vegetarianism 832: 830: 827: 825: 822: 820: 817: 815: 812: 810: 807: 805: 802: 800: 797: 795: 792: 790: 789:Recollections 787: 785: 782: 780: 777: 775: 772: 770: 767: 765: 762: 760: 759:Five precepts 757: 755: 752: 750: 747: 746: 743: 738: 737: 730: 727: 725: 724:Chinese canon 722: 720: 719:Tibetan canon 717: 715: 712: 710: 707: 705: 702: 700: 697: 695: 692: 690: 687: 686: 683: 678: 677: 670: 667: 665: 662: 660: 657: 655: 652: 650: 647: 645: 642: 640: 637: 635: 632: 630: 627: 625: 622: 620: 617: 615: 612: 608: 605: 604: 603: 600: 598: 595: 594: 588: 585: 583: 580: 579: 575: 574: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 528: 525: 520: 519: 514: 511: 509: 506: 504: 501: 500: 499: 498: 494: 490: 489: 486: 482: 478: 474: 473: 466: 462: 458: 452: 450: 446: 439: 433: 424: 422: 418: 413: 411: 405: 389: 387: 383: 375: 373: 369: 364: 362: 351: 341: 339: 335: 329: 321: 319: 315: 310: 308: 300: 297: 294: 286: 276: 273: 270: 265: 263: 259: 254: 252: 241: 231: 229: 225: 220: 215: 203: 201: 197: 193: 189: 187: 183: 172: 170: 166: 159: 152: 149: 145: 140: 136: 132: 128: 124: 121: 118: 114: 110: 106: 101: 97: 93: 89: 81: 76: 72: 67: 63: 59: 52: 47: 40: 37: 30: 19: 8381:Bodhisattvas 8301:Christianity 8296:Baháʼí Faith 8161:Dharmachakra 8151:Prayer wheel 8141:Prayer beads 7909:Architecture 7788:969 Movement 7572:Saudi Arabia 7550:Central Asia 7543:South Africa 7365: 7348: 7281:Panchen Lama 7186:Buddhapālita 6782:Satipatthana 6777:Mindful Yoga 6690:Recollection 6604:Brahmavihara 6475:Japanese Zen 6470:Chinese Chan 6430:Animal realm 6237:Key concepts 6146: 6059:Bodhisattvas 5871:Three Jewels 5756:, retrieved 5736: 5719: 5705:, retrieved 5685: 5644: 5634:, retrieved 5627:the original 5600: 5589:, retrieved 5582:the original 5563: 5554: 5550: 5538:, retrieved 5529: 5515:, retrieved 5495: 5484:, retrieved 5467: 5463: 5456:Migot, André 5446:, retrieved 5426: 5415:, retrieved 5391: 5377: 5367:26 September 5365:, retrieved 5349: 5330: 5320:, retrieved 5300: 5289:, retrieved 5273:, Grafikol, 5269: 5258:, retrieved 5234:(1): 17–40, 5231: 5227: 5213:, retrieved 5206:the original 5190:, New York: 5183: 5155: 5143:the original 5124: 5113:, retrieved 5083: 5072:, retrieved 5052: 5041:, retrieved 5021: 5010:, retrieved 4982: 4978: 4961: 4942: 4920: 4909:, retrieved 4900: 4894: 4877:, retrieved 4847: 4832:, retrieved 4825:the original 4806: 4787: 4777:, retrieved 4757: 4746:, retrieved 4726: 4715:, retrieved 4690: 4686: 4660: 4648: 4636: 4614:Buswell 2004 4609: 4597: 4570: 4548:Daulton 1999 4543: 4532:. Retrieved 4523: 4513: 4506:Daulton 1999 4501: 4474: 4467:Daulton 1999 4462: 4450: 4428:Daulton 1999 4411:Daulton 1999 4406: 4394: 4383:. Retrieved 4374: 4349: 4337: 4325: 4318:Daulton 1999 4303:Daulton 1999 4298: 4286: 4274: 4262: 4250: 4238: 4226: 4214: 4202: 4190: 4178: 4166: 4161:, p. 5. 4154: 4108: 4096: 4057: 4045: 4018: 4006: 3994: 3982: 3970: 3958: 3946: 3934: 3929:, p. 2. 3922: 3893: 3881: 3854: 3842: 3830: 3818: 3806: 3794: 3782: 3770: 3743: 3731: 3719: 3686: 3659: 3647:. Retrieved 3638: 3628: 3586: 3574: 3562: 3523: 3511: 3442: 3430: 3418: 3406: 3394: 3382: 3375:Daulton 1999 3370: 3358: 3316: 3304: 3292: 3280: 3268: 3241: 3204: 3192: 3175: 3171: 3162: 3150: 3138: 3126: 3119:Daulton 1999 3114: 3102: 3090: 3079:. Retrieved 3070: 3061: 3049: 3014: 3002: 2991:. Retrieved 2981: 2975: 2964:. Retrieved 2939: 2935: 2925: 2914:. Retrieved 2904: 2898: 2888: 2882: 2872: 2865: 2854:. Retrieved 2844: 2837: 2815:Sayadaw 1990 2810: 2711: 2699: 2687: 2675: 2658: 2653: 2644: 2636: 2632: 2628: 2619: 2610: 2601: 2569: 2544: 2538: 2528: 2523: 2505:bodhisattvas 2504: 2501:Buddhist art 2498: 2492: 2481: 2477: 2469: 2466:Reginald Ray 2459: 2410: 2397: 2389: 2385: 2377: 2373: 2369: 2365: 2362:funeral pyre 2344: 2337: 2328: 2318: 2312: 2285: 2281: 2275: 2271: 2267: 2261: 2257: 2253: 2247: 2238: 2226: 2220: 2218: 2212: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2178: 2171: 2165: 2161:Da zhidu lun 2159: 2155: 2149: 2145: 2142:Edward Conze 2133: 2129: 2123: 2119: 2117: 2088: 2086: 2063: 2053: 2047: 2031: 2026: 2022: 2018:Ashokavadana 2016: 2004: 2000: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1972: 1966: 1961: 1957: 1951: 1945: 1941: 1938:Sarvastivada 1932: 1925: 1920: 1915: 1907: 1893: 1891: 1881: 1857: 1843: 1837: 1833: 1823: 1814: 1811:Sarvāstivāda 1806: 1802: 1791: 1788: 1763: 1751: 1745: 1739: 1735: 1732: 1722:Mahāsāṃghika 1714: 1685: 1669: 1663: 1659: 1645: 1641:Catuma Sutta 1640: 1636: 1628: 1624: 1617: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1584: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1540: 1538: 1533: 1529: 1524: 1516: 1511:, the first 1507: 1504: 1493: 1480: 1477: 1471: 1468: 1460: 1455: 1445: 1439: 1400: 1385: 1370: 1353: 1343: 1340: 1307: 1301: 1275: 1264: 1238: 1228: 1216: 1212: 1205:Buddhist art 1198: 1184: 1176: 1161: 1157: 1141: 1137: 1133: 1117: 1116: 784:Merit making 749:Three Jewels 689:Buddhavacana 619:Impermanence 607:Dharma wheel 79: 36: 8683:Iconography 8676:life in art 8543:Four sights 8226:Dharma talk 8055:Asalha Puja 7851:Eschatology 7654:Switzerland 7634:New Zealand 7562:Middle East 7471:Philippines 7391:Afghanistan 7196:Bodhidharma 7181:Buddhaghosa 7101:Householder 7011:Monasticism 6964:Bodhisattva 6819:Prostration 6772:Mindfulness 6700:Anapanasati 6683:Kammaṭṭhāna 6480:Korean Seon 6420:Asura realm 6415:Human realm 6355:Ten Fetters 6310:Parinirvana 6212:Uppalavanna 6177:Mahākaccana 6162:Mahākassapa 6094:Kṣitigarbha 6089:Ākāśagarbha 5986:Suddhodāna 5931:Four sights 5858:Foundations 4887:Carus, Paul 4653:Findly 2003 4590:Wayman 1997 4479:Brekke 2007 4455:Brekke 2007 4443:Brekke 2007 4399:Brekke 2007 4342:Brekke 2007 4291:Higham 2004 4132:Berger 1994 4023:Thomas 1953 3987:Thomas 1953 3168:Lamotte, E. 3155:Harvey 2013 3107:Thakur 1996 2520:Mahākāśyapa 2488:Alex Wayman 2308:One of the 2263:bodhisattva 2258:Lotus Sutra 2239:Lotus Sutra 2227:bodhisattva 2222:Heart Sutra 2213:Lotus Sutra 2167:bodhisattva 2107:Vimalakīrti 2099:non-duality 2048:Vimalakīrti 2009:Mahākāśyapa 1969:André Migot 1839:Dighanikaya 1815:paranirvana 1807:paranirvana 1803:paranirvana 1793:parinirvana 1266:Buddhavaṃsa 1261:Uppalavanna 1019:New Zealand 874:Bodhisattva 859:Four Stages 814:Monasticism 794:Mindfulness 764:Perfections 694:Early Texts 455:Xá Lợi Phất 412:: sha ri bu 394:ཤཱ་རིའི་བུ་ 330:: sareibŏt) 290:Sharihotsu) 8743:Categories 8603:Bodhi Tree 8568:Śuddhodana 8519:Middle Way 8483:The Buddha 8343:Psychology 8323:Gnosticism 8311:Comparison 8306:Influences 8288:Comparison 8171:Bhavacakra 8129:Kushinagar 8104:Pilgrimage 8050:Māgha Pūjā 8005:Bodhi Tree 7821:Buddhology 7811:Abhidharma 7803:Philosophy 7736:Menander I 7604:Costa Rica 7555:Uzbekistan 7396:Bangladesh 7350:Dhammapada 7334:Pali Canon 7296:Ajahn Chah 7276:Dalai Lama 7176:Kumārajīva 7171:Vasubandhu 7146:The Buddha 7054:Zen master 6989:Sakadagami 6969:Buddhahood 6900:Pratimokṣa 6715:Shikantaza 6671:Meditation 6646:Deity yoga 6517:Madhyamaka 6410:Deva realm 6305:Mindstream 6255:Bodhicitta 6167:Aṅgulimāla 6034:Devadatta 6010:Yaśodharā 5913:The Buddha 5903:Middle Way 5758:2022-05-06 5707:2019-10-31 5636:2022-05-06 5591:2020-02-22 5540:2020-01-17 5517:2022-05-06 5486:2022-05-06 5448:2020-10-29 5417:2022-05-06 5322:2020-03-31 5291:2020-05-15 5260:2020-03-28 5215:2020-02-22 5115:2020-02-22 5074:2020-04-02 5043:2022-05-06 5012:2020-02-22 4911:2020-02-22 4896:Open Court 4879:2020-02-22 4834:2020-02-22 4779:2020-05-10 4748:2020-04-01 4717:2020-03-29 4674:References 4575:Migot 1954 4534:2020-03-29 4385:2020-04-26 4279:Migot 1954 4231:Lopez 2016 4219:Lopez 1988 4207:Lopez 1988 4195:Lopez 1988 4183:Conze 1975 4171:Conze 1975 4159:Conze 1983 4101:Irons 2007 4062:Migot 1954 4050:Migot 1954 4038:Lopez 1988 4011:Migot 1954 3999:Migot 1954 3975:Migot 1954 3963:Migot 1954 3951:Migot 1954 3939:Migot 1954 3886:Migot 1954 3835:Migot 1954 3823:Migot 1954 3799:Migot 1954 3787:Migot 1954 3775:Migot 1954 3736:Migot 1954 3606:Migot 1954 3567:Migot 1954 3516:Migot 1954 3447:Migot 1954 3411:Migot 1954 3336:Migot 1954 3309:Migot 1954 3285:Carus 1905 3273:Carus 1905 3197:Migot 1954 3081:2019-12-24 2993:2021-11-20 2966:2021-05-17 2916:2021-11-20 2889:Purātattva 2856:2021-11-20 2659:Abhidharma 2546:Theragatha 2478:Dharmaraja 2474:Pali Canon 2358:sandalwood 2185:Abhidharma 2060:Pāli Canon 2032:Abhidharma 2027:Abhidharma 2023:Abhidharma 1997:Cullavagga 1989:Abhidharma 1985:Abhidharma 1973:Abhidharma 1962:Abhidharma 1958:Abhidharma 1942:Abhidharma 1916:Abhidharma 1908:Abhidharma 1895:Abhidharma 1882:Abhidharma 1872:Abhidharma 1866:Abhidharma 1727:Mahīśāsaka 1699:created a 1652:ordination 1605:). In the 1562:Atthakatha 1541:aggasavaka 1534:Moggallāna 1500:Brahmanism 1496:Paul Carus 1298:Early life 1278:Pāli Canon 1235:Background 1163:Abhidharma 1158:Moggallāna 1146:the Buddha 892:Traditions 829:Pilgrimage 769:Meditation 729:Post-canon 709:Pāli Canon 639:Middle Way 536:The Buddha 449:Vietnamese 309:: Sharishi 8728:Wikiquote 8664:footprint 8599:Bodh Gaya 8578:Yaśodharā 8531:Disciples 8411:Festivals 8391:Buddhists 8353:Theosophy 8156:Symbolism 8146:Hama yumi 8119:Bodh Gaya 7886:Socialism 7861:Evolution 7836:Economics 7674:Venezuela 7589:Australia 7584:Argentina 7508:Sri Lanka 7503:Singapore 7421:Indonesia 7383:Countries 7324:Tripiṭaka 7286:Ajahn Mun 7161:Nagarjuna 7156:Aśvaghoṣa 7039:Anagārika 7034:Śrāmaṇerī 7029:Śrāmaṇera 7024:Bhikkhunī 6984:Sotāpanna 6873:Passaddhi 6814:Offerings 6789:Nekkhamma 6666:Iddhipada 6586:Practices 6556:Theravada 6529:Vajrayana 6522:Yogachara 6492:Pure Land 6405:Six Paths 6392:Cosmology 6172:Anuruddha 6147:Sāriputta 6137:Kaundinya 6129:Disciples 6104:Vajrapāṇi 5956:Footprint 5921:Tathāgata 5663:909251257 5250:0265-2897 4999:161183926 4707:1568-5276 4267:Hanh 2008 4255:Hanh 2008 4243:Hanh 2008 4089:Silk 2019 3915:Silk 2019 3898:Silk 2019 3874:Silk 2019 3763:Silk 2019 3724:Silk 2019 3712:Silk 2019 3691:Silk 2019 3528:Krey 2010 3474:Silk 2019 3423:Krey 2010 3042:Silk 2019 3019:Shaw 2006 3007:Shaw 2013 2948:0012-8376 2803:Silk 2019 2716:Shaw 2013 2668:Citations 2633:sotapanna 2629:sotapanna 2462:Theravada 2418:Sri Lanka 2148:. In the 2128:. In the 2103:emptiness 1927:Tavatimsa 1912:Theravada 1886:Tavatimsa 1832:. In the 1760:Devadatta 1697:Devadatta 1695:the monk 1678:as well. 1671:arhatship 1665:sotapanna 1621:Tripitaka 1608:Mahavagga 1579:Bodh Gaya 1553:arhatship 1549:arhatship 1530:Sāriputta 1517:sotapanna 1508:sotapanna 1473:Tathagata 1328:Theravada 1293:Biography 1201:Theravada 1134:Sāriputta 1126:शारिपुत्र 1118:Śāriputra 1039:Sri Lanka 1029:Singapore 984:Indonesia 924:Vajrayāna 899:Theravāda 854:Awakening 742:Practices 699:Tripiṭaka 669:Cosmology 644:Emptiness 624:Suffering 457:Xá Lợi Tử 378:සාරිපුත්ත 355:Saribul) 324:សារីបុត្រ 253:: Shèlìzi 192:Sāriputta 177:Śāriputra 175:शारिपुत्र 163:Śāriputra 126:Parent(s) 43:Śāriputra 18:Sariputra 8698:Hinduism 8634:Prophecy 8624:Birthday 8619:Miracles 8499:Buddhism 8429:Category 8358:Violence 8328:Hinduism 8276:Sanskrit 8231:Hinayana 8216:Amitābha 8176:Swastika 8045:Uposatha 8035:Holidays 8020:Calendar 7866:Humanism 7704:Kanishka 7694:Timeline 7518:Thailand 7486:Kalmykia 7481:Buryatia 7466:Pakistan 7451:Mongolia 7446:Maldives 7441:Malaysia 7406:Cambodia 7271:Shamarpa 7266:Nichiren 7216:Xuanzang 7151:Nagasena 7069:Rinpoche 6799:Pāramitā 6641:Devotion 6561:Navayana 6549:Dzogchen 6512:Nichiren 6460:Mahayana 6452:Branches 6330:Saṅkhāra 6079:Mañjuśrī 6036:(cousin) 6028:(cousin) 5996:(mother) 5988:(father) 5976:Miracles 5926:Birthday 5843:Glossary 5816:Buddhism 5752:archived 5717:(1953), 5701:archived 5670:citation 5623:70199246 5534:archived 5511:archived 5480:archived 5458:(1954), 5442:archived 5411:archived 5389:(1937), 5358:archived 5316:archived 5285:archived 5254:archived 5175:51978070 5106:archived 5068:archived 5037:archived 5003:archived 4905:archived 4889:(1905), 4870:archived 4845:(2013), 4773:archived 4742:archived 4711:archived 4665:Ray 1994 4641:Ray 1994 4629:Ray 1994 4563:Ray 1994 4528:Archived 4379:Archived 3679:Ray 1994 3643:Archived 3075:Archived 3073:. 2019. 2987:Archived 2960:Archived 2956:29756860 2910:Archived 2850:Archived 2558:See also 2551:Sthavira 2512:Mañjuśrī 2382:Satdhāra 2370:dakshina 2321:Xuanzang 2095:Mahayana 2073:Hinayana 2068:Mahayana 1850:Jetavana 1830:Śrāvastī 1758:to give 1688:heretics 1627:and the 1484:— 1465:stanza: 1336:Xuanzang 1312:Rājagaha 1308:Upatissa 1286:resolved 1215:; Pali: 1194:Jetavana 1172:Hinayana 1142:Upatissa 1140:, Pali: 1138:Upatiṣya 1122:Sanskrit 1049:Thailand 1009:Mongolia 1004:Malaysia 969:Cambodia 934:Navayana 914:Hinayana 909:Mahāyāna 819:Lay life 649:Morality 629:Not-self 587:Concepts 546:Councils 531:Timeline 503:Glossary 485:Buddhism 477:a series 475:Part of 427:สารีบุตร 363:: Sarija 262:Japanese 245:Shèlìfú) 169:Sanskrit 120:Buddhism 116:Religion 80:Upatissa 69:Personal 8718:Commons 8595:Lumbini 8524:Sayings 8406:Temples 8386:Buddhas 8348:Science 8338:Judaism 8333:Jainism 8251:Lineage 8211:Abhijñā 8181:Thangka 8124:Sarnath 8109:Lumbini 8030:Funeral 8025:Cuisine 7901:Culture 7876:Reality 7826:Creator 7816:Atomism 7686:History 7659:Ukraine 7619:Germany 7538:Senegal 7528:Vietnam 7456:Myanmar 7256:Shinran 7246:Karmapa 7221:Shandao 7191:Dignāga 7116:Śrāvaka 7096:Donchee 7091:Kappiya 7049:Sayadaw 7019:Bhikkhu 6994:Anāgāmi 6951:Nirvana 6917:Samadhi 6804:Paritta 6745:Tonglen 6740:Mandala 6695:Smarana 6676:Mantras 6624:Upekkha 6594:Bhavana 6544:Shingon 6497:Tiantai 6350:Tathātā 6340:Śūnyatā 6335:Skandha 6325:Saṃsāra 6320:Rebirth 6295:Kleshas 6285:Indriya 6187:Subhūti 6072:Guanyin 6026:Ānanda 6018:Rāhula 5898:Nirvana 5838:Outline 5551:Arahats 4965:, Smith 4330:Le 2010 3649:3 March 2535:Kosambi 2472:in the 2325:Mathura 2268:Śrāvaka 2244:buddhas 2197:dharmas 2189:dharmas 2173:Śrāvaka 2138:Subhūti 2087:In the 2011:at the 1799:Kartika 1593:(Pali: 1545:resolve 1442:Aśvajit 1422:Nirvana 1411:and in 1399:(Pali: 1388:rebirth 1365:Nalanda 1316:Magadha 1249:Gautama 1227:(Pali: 1179:Magadha 1156:(Pali: 1059:Vietnam 1014:Myanmar 929:Tibetan 919:Chinese 847:Nirvāṇa 664:Saṃsāra 659:Rebirth 524:History 513:Outline 438:Saribut 434:: 386:Tibetan 372:Sinhala 228:Chinese 200:Burmese 147:Teacher 109:Magadha 92:Magadha 8754:Arhats 8654:Cetiya 8649:Relics 8590:Places 8583:Rāhula 8558:Family 8401:Sutras 8396:Suttas 8261:Siddhi 8246:Koliya 8221:Brahmā 8136:Poetry 8082:Mantra 8072:Kasaya 7944:Pagoda 7924:Kyaung 7919:Vihāra 7914:Temple 7856:Ethics 7699:Ashoka 7649:Sweden 7644:Poland 7639:Norway 7629:Mexico 7614:France 7599:Canada 7594:Brazil 7533:Africa 7513:Taiwan 7476:Russia 7401:Bhutan 7361:Vinaya 7241:Naropa 7231:Saraha 7166:Asanga 6922:Prajñā 6831:Refuge 6794:Nianfo 6755:Tertön 6750:Tantra 6735:Ganana 6725:Tukdam 6651:Dhyāna 6619:Mudita 6614:Karuṇā 6507:Risshū 6502:Huayan 6435:Naraka 6375:Anattā 6370:Dukkha 6365:Anicca 6270:Dharma 6222:Channa 6157:Ānanda 6142:Assaji 6109:Skanda 6012:(wife) 5981:Family 5961:Relics 5886:Sangha 5881:Dharma 5876:Buddha 5744: 5693: 5661: 5651: 5621: 5611: 5574: 5555:Suttas 5503: 5434: 5403: 5337: 5308: 5277: 5248: 5198: 5173: 5163: 5135: 5098: 5060: 5029: 4997: 4949: 4931: 4862: 4817: 4794: 4765: 4734: 4705: 2954: 2946: 2524:arhats 2516:Ānanda 2483:suttas 2444:Legacy 2398:stupas 2390:stupas 2386:stupas 2378:stupas 2354:Brāhmī 2350:Sanchi 2345:stupas 2329:stupas 2313:stupas 2310:Sanchi 2294:Relics 2282:arhats 2272:arhats 2254:arhats 2234:wisdom 2050:sutra. 1845:cetiya 1826:Rajgir 1741:yaksha 1736:arhats 1701:schism 1682:Person 1656:Rahula 1648:Sangha 1633:Dharma 1623:, the 1587:wisdom 1525:arhats 1451:Assaji 1332:Faxian 1245:Buddha 1221:wisdom 1190:Sangha 1044:Taiwan 1024:Russia 964:Brazil 959:Bhutan 879:Buddha 799:Wisdom 582:Dharma 338:Korean 328:UNGEGN 307:romaji 285:Rōmaji 251:Pinyin 240:Pinyin 134:School 105:Rajgir 88:Rajgir 8688:Films 8659:tooth 8644:Death 8629:Modak 8373:Lists 8241:Kalpa 8236:Iddhi 8099:Music 8094:Mudra 8060:Vassa 8040:Vesak 8010:Budai 7956:Candi 7939:Stupa 7871:Logic 7624:Italy 7523:Tibet 7461:Nepal 7431:Korea 7426:Japan 7416:India 7411:China 7356:Sutra 7311:Texts 7261:Dōgen 7251:Hōnen 7236:Atiśa 7201:Zhiyi 7111:Achar 7079:Tulku 7074:Geshe 7059:Rōshi 7044:Ajahn 6999:Arhat 6959:Bodhi 6929:Vīrya 6846:Sacca 6841:Satya 6836:Sādhu 6824:Music 6767:Merit 6760:Terma 6720:Zazen 6656:Faith 6609:Mettā 6290:Karma 6250:Bardo 6217:Asita 6207:Khema 6197:Upāli 6182:Nanda 6020:(son) 5994:Māyā 5971:Films 5848:Index 5724:(PDF) 5630:(PDF) 5605:(PDF) 5585:(PDF) 5560:(PDF) 5361:(PDF) 5354:(PDF) 5209:(PDF) 5188:(PDF) 5146:(PDF) 5129:(PDF) 5109:(PDF) 5088:(PDF) 5006:(PDF) 4995:S2CID 4975:(PDF) 4925:(PDF) 4903:(6), 4873:(PDF) 4852:(PDF) 4828:(PDF) 4811:(PDF) 4687:Numen 2952:JSTOR 2637:arhat 2594:Notes 2583:Citta 2540:Udana 2470:arhat 2394:Sunga 2333:Asoka 2249:upāya 2064:arhat 1977:Asoka 1921:devas 1859:stupa 1785:Death 1595:Khemā 1591:Kṣemā 1456:arhat 1377:Vedas 1354:Tissa 1345:arhat 1257:Khema 1229:Khemā 1225:Kṣemā 1185:arhat 1054:Tibet 994:Korea 989:Japan 979:India 974:China 939:Newar 864:Arhat 654:Karma 508:Index 404:Wylie 318:Khmer 274:しゃりほつ 214:MLCTS 61:Title 8563:Maya 8271:Pāḷi 8256:Māra 8166:Flag 7567:Iran 7491:Tuva 7436:Laos 7064:Lama 6912:Śīla 6880:Śīla 6868:Pīti 6858:Sati 6809:Puja 6730:Koan 6636:Dāna 6227:Yasa 6114:Tārā 5742:ISBN 5691:ISBN 5676:link 5659:OCLC 5649:ISBN 5619:OCLC 5609:ISBN 5572:ISBN 5501:ISBN 5432:ISBN 5401:ISBN 5369:2019 5335:ISBN 5306:ISBN 5275:ISBN 5246:ISSN 5196:ISBN 5171:OCLC 5161:ISBN 5133:ISBN 5096:ISBN 5058:ISBN 5027:ISBN 4947:ISBN 4929:ISBN 4860:ISBN 4815:ISBN 4792:ISBN 4763:ISBN 4732:ISBN 4703:ISSN 3651:2020 2944:ISSN 2543:and 2518:and 2510:and 2426:U Nu 2374:vami 2366:para 2101:and 1902:and 1756:hell 1447:Pali 1350:Pali 1324:Pali 1304:Pali 1259:and 1130:Pali 999:Laos 904:Pāli 432:RTGS 421:Thai 298:しゃりし 186:Pali 99:Died 74:Born 7993:Art 7929:Wat 6465:Zen 5472:doi 5236:doi 4987:doi 4695:doi 3180:doi 3176:134 2499:In 2327:in 2118:In 1995:in 1884:in 1848:at 1536:). 1231:). 410:THL 357:사리자 344:사리불 293:舎利子 269:舎利弗 247:舎利子 234:舎利弗 137:all 8745:: 8605:, 8601:, 8597:, 7495:ru 5750:, 5699:, 5672:}} 5668:{{ 5657:, 5617:, 5570:, 5532:, 5528:, 5509:, 5478:, 5468:46 5440:, 5409:, 5399:, 5314:, 5283:, 5252:, 5244:, 5232:27 5230:, 5226:, 5194:, 5169:, 5104:, 5094:, 5066:, 5035:, 5001:, 4993:, 4981:, 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