887:
906:
922:
389:
807:
942:
4086:
373:
365:
859:
609:
819:
843:
56:
34:
337:
42:
875:
831:
4114:
4154:
3075:
4072:
672:
4164:
4142:
4100:
4058:
3085:
407:
3095:
4128:
730:
763:
for personal or even professional use. Many different models have emerged with different designs and functions. They are especially suitable for producing limited volumes of boards, or specialty milling such as oversized timber. Portable sawmills have gained popularity for the convenience of bringing
651:
The next improvement was the use of circular saw blades, perhaps invented in
England in the late 18th century, but perhaps in 17th-century Netherlands. Soon thereafter, millers used gangsaws, which added additional blades so that a log would be reduced to boards in one quick step. Circular saw blades
643:
Early mills had been taken to the forest, where a temporary shelter was built, and the logs were skidded to the nearby mill by horse or ox teams, often when there was some snow to provide lubrication. As mills grew larger, they were usually established in more permanent facilities on a river, and the
147:
dating back to the 3rd century AD. Other water-powered mills followed and by the 11th century they were widespread in Spain and North Africa, the Middle East and
Central Asia, and in the next few centuries, spread across Europe. The circular motion of the wheel was converted to a reciprocating motion
574:
A type of sawmill without a crank is known from
Germany called "knock and drop" or simply "drop" -mills. In these drop sawmills, the frame carrying the saw blade is knocked upwards by cams as the shaft turns. These cams are let into the shaft on which the waterwheel sits. When the frame carrying the
155:
in the 18th century, the circular saw blade had been invented, and with the development of steam power in the 19th century, a much greater degree of mechanisation was possible. Scrap lumber from the mill provided a source of fuel for firing the boiler. The arrival of railroads meant that logs could
691:
in the 19th century created many new possibilities for mills. Availability of railroad transportation for logs and lumber encouraged building of rail mills away from navigable water. Steam powered sawmills could be far more mechanized. Scrap lumber from the mill provided a ready fuel source for
545:
for the pitman who worked below. Sawing was slow, and required strong and hearty men. The topsawer had to be the stronger of the two because the saw was pulled in turn by each man, and the lower had the advantage of gravity. The topsawyer also had to guide the saw so that the board was of even
795:(OSB) paneling for building construction, a cheaper and in some use cases more robust alternative to plywood for paneling. Some automatic mills can process 800 small logs into bark chips, wood chips, sawdust and sorted, stacked, and bound planks, in an hour.
148:
at the saw blade. Generally, only the saw was powered, and the logs had to be loaded and moved by hand. An early improvement was the development of a movable carriage, also water powered, to move the log steadily through the saw blade.
767:
Technology has changed sawmill operations significantly in recent years, emphasizing increasing profits through waste minimization and increased energy efficiency as well as improving operator safety. The once-ubiquitous rusty, steel
1297:
Grewe, Klaus (2009), "Die
Reliefdarstellung einer antiken Steinsägemaschine aus Hierapolis in Phrygien und ihre Bedeutung für die Technikgeschichte. Internationale Konferenz 13.−16. Juni 2007 in Istanbul", in Bachmann, Martin (ed.),
99:
is simple to operate. The log lies flat on a steel bed, and the motorized saw cuts the log horizontally along the length of the bed, by the operator manually pushing the saw. The most basic kind of sawmill consists of a
570:
Generally, only the saw was powered, and the logs had to be loaded and moved by hand. An early improvement was the development of a movable carriage, also water powered, to move the log steadily through the saw blade.
886:
905:
764:
the sawmill to the logs and milling lumber in remote locations. Some remote communities that have experienced natural disasters have used portable sawmills to rebuild their communities out of the fallen trees.
648:. Sawmills built on navigable rivers, lakes, or estuaries were called cargo mills because of the availability of ships transporting cargoes of logs to the sawmill and cargoes of lumber from the sawmill.
921:
737:
In the twentieth century the introduction of electricity and high technology furthered this process, and now most sawmills are massive and expensive facilities in which most aspects of the work is
806:
3701:
791:
for pellet stoves. The larger pieces of wood that will not make lumber are chipped into wood chips and provide a source of supply for paper mills. Wood by-products of the mills will also make
1116:
3472:
2968:
858:
605:, where the sawmill remained largely unknown until the late 18th century. The arrival of a sawmill was a large and stimulative step in the growth of a frontier community.
1114:(1973). "Sawdust Trail: Annals of Sawmilling and the Lumber Trade from Virginia to Hawaii via Maine, Barbados, Sault Ste. Marie, Manchac and Seattle to the Year 1860".
721:
A restoration project for
Sturgeon's Mill in Northern California is underway, restoring one of the last steam-powered lumber mills still using its original equipment.
941:
4208:
586:. The output of such mills would be quite low, perhaps only 500 boards per day. They would also generally only operate during the winter, the peak logging season.
4213:
842:
783:. Co-generation facilities will produce power for the operation and may also feed superfluous energy onto the grid. While the bark may be ground for landscaping
1299:
3511:
627:
invented in 1594 the wind-powered sawmill, which made the conversion of log timber into planks 30 times faster than before. His wind-powered sawmill used a
2958:
818:
3180:
1329:
Ritti, Tullia; Grewe, Klaus; Kessener, Paul (2007), "A Relief of a Water-powered Stone Saw Mill on a
Sarcophagus at Hierapolis and its Implications",
756:
Small gasoline-powered sawmills run by local entrepreneurs served many communities in the early twentieth century, and specialty markets still today.
1354:
91:. Modern sawmills use a motorized saw to cut logs lengthwise to make long pieces, and crosswise to length depending on standard or custom sizes (
156:
be transported to mills rather than mills being built beside navigable waterways. By 1900, the largest sawmill in the world was operated by the
1200:
388:
1450:
1312:
269:(also called head rig or primary saw) to break the log into cants (unfinished logs to be further processed) and flitches (unfinished planks).
1416:
3088:
2943:
168:. In the 20th century the introduction of electricity and high technology furthered this process, and now most sawmills are massive and
3173:
3131:
753:
120,000,000. A modern operation will produce between 240,000 to 1,650,000 cubic metres (100 to 700 million board feet) annually.
624:
1182:
172:
facilities in which most aspects of the work are computerized. Besides the sawn timber, use is made of all the by-products including
4218:
4188:
3405:
3385:
2973:
4062:
1422:
575:
saw blade is in the topmost position it drops by its own weight, making a loud knocking noise, and in so doing it cuts the trunk.
364:
3159:
2948:
372:
3477:
2953:
830:
874:
3550:
2963:
2673:
1691:
1389:
157:
2300:
1359:
652:
were extremely expensive and highly subject to damage by overheating or dirty logs. A new kind of technician arose, the
608:
4203:
3360:
3166:
557:
to speed up the process. The circular motion of the wheel was changed to back-and-forth motion of the saw blade by a
3874:
3516:
3467:
3152:
2150:
1318:
703:
1177:"Cornelis Corneliszoon van Uitgeest (1550–1607), inventor of the wind powered saw mill", Industrial Heritage Park
3837:
3657:
3526:
3187:
2978:
2116:
1443:
384:, Netherlands. Built in 1792, it was used until 1953, when it fell into disrepair. It was fully restored in 1989.
692:
firing the boiler. Efficiency was increased, but the capital cost of a new mill increased dramatically as well.
635:'s circular motion into a back-and-forward motion powering the saw, and was granted a patent for the technique.
3976:
3662:
3270:
3235:
423:
341:
27:
20:
664:
a saw, whereby a saw is deformed with a hammer and anvil to counteract the forces of heat and cutting. Modern
578:
A small mill such as this would be the center of many rural communities in wood-exporting regions such as the
1407:
496:
in the late 4th century AD. At one point in the poem he describes the shrieking sound of a watermill cutting
3805:
3696:
3592:
3587:
2330:
1478:
1473:
3098:
55:
3582:
3577:
3445:
3124:
3055:
2136:
2106:
2101:
1807:
601:. Later the metal parts were obtained from the Netherlands, where the technology was far ahead of that in
33:
4090:
4076:
3747:
2121:
1970:
1832:
1744:
792:
711:
523:
165:
152:
442:), dating to the second half of the 3rd century, is the earliest known sawmill. It also incorporates a
336:
3966:
3706:
3647:
3617:
3487:
3275:
3078:
2983:
2867:
2758:
2252:
1932:
1912:
1852:
1436:
912:
485:
272:
Depending upon the species and quality of the log, the cants will either be further broken down by a
200:
A sawmill's basic operation is much like those of hundreds of years ago: a log enters on one end and
4167:
3538:
3482:
3355:
3323:
2708:
2703:
2237:
2222:
2202:
2197:
2073:
1955:
1197:
1151:
1111:
897:
262:
4118:
3637:
3632:
3462:
3425:
3380:
3333:
3240:
3230:
2766:
2276:
2212:
1837:
1792:
1564:
1524:
1394:
1372:
1133:
419:
136:
92:
41:
4193:
4157:
3918:
3440:
3420:
3410:
3395:
3300:
3117:
3060:
2917:
2897:
2748:
2728:
2315:
2058:
1782:
1624:
1308:
443:
353:
169:
4113:
4033:
4018:
3780:
3737:
3684:
3572:
3430:
3415:
3390:
2718:
2693:
2668:
2638:
2295:
1877:
1772:
1539:
1364:
1334:
1125:
989:
760:
579:
511:
around 370–390 AD, demonstrating a diversified use of water-power in many parts of the
504:
458:
411:
96:
775:
have for the most part vanished, as the sawdust and other mill waste is now processed into
4043:
3901:
3886:
3742:
3689:
3672:
3375:
3343:
3313:
3265:
3250:
3225:
3050:
2663:
2599:
2373:
2093:
2063:
2023:
1937:
1639:
1411:
1204:
1186:
1176:
769:
750:
696:
612:
18th-century allegorical print commemorating C.C. van
Uitgeest's invention of the saw mill
501:
60:
702:
By 1900, the largest sawmill in the world was operated by the
Atlantic Lumber Company in
4104:
4028:
4023:
3956:
3864:
3852:
3817:
3775:
3723:
3718:
3642:
3560:
3452:
3295:
3285:
3029:
3019:
2927:
2887:
2683:
2678:
2643:
2594:
2569:
2559:
2549:
2363:
2126:
1822:
1644:
1629:
1614:
1549:
1514:
772:
715:
558:
534:
447:
357:
189:
112:
4198:
4182:
4132:
4038:
3998:
3951:
3790:
3762:
3627:
3565:
3504:
3499:
3308:
3260:
2999:
2892:
2862:
2564:
2534:
2529:
2519:
2466:
2320:
2305:
2267:
2217:
2207:
1960:
1917:
1674:
1599:
1509:
1504:
787:, it may also be burned for heat. Sawdust may make particle board or be pressed into
776:
707:
590:
231:
177:
161:
108:
530:
following its discovery in c. 1420 and spread widely in Europe in the 16th century.
4146:
3981:
3677:
3667:
3652:
3622:
3545:
3521:
3435:
3400:
3365:
3280:
3255:
3211:
2812:
2743:
2698:
2688:
2653:
2584:
2579:
2539:
2511:
2446:
2431:
2368:
2340:
2284:
2280:
2272:
1942:
1922:
1659:
1634:
1619:
1579:
1544:
964:
676:
665:
512:
477:
439:
381:
283:
185:
116:
671:
453:
Water-powered stone sawmills working with cranks and connecting rods, but without
1307:, Byzas, vol. 9, Istanbul: Ege Yayınları/Zero Prod. Ltd., pp. 429–454,
4013:
3993:
3986:
3946:
3913:
3494:
3245:
3034:
3024:
2912:
2738:
2723:
2589:
2574:
2524:
2471:
2436:
2378:
2325:
2257:
1998:
1714:
1664:
1459:
1004:
984:
974:
928:
788:
688:
617:
554:
519:
301:
235:
217:
4008:
4003:
3729:
3350:
2922:
2877:
2658:
2604:
2554:
2544:
2496:
2486:
2441:
2383:
2348:
2288:
2043:
2033:
2028:
1892:
1847:
1696:
1609:
1574:
1399:
1338:
1024:
742:
645:
628:
563:
454:
431:
427:
349:
345:
277:
242:
144:
140:
1269:
104:
and a customized jig ("Alaskan sawmill"), with similar horizontal operation.
3891:
3869:
3770:
3712:
3612:
3457:
3328:
3194:
2857:
2827:
2822:
2713:
2648:
2491:
2476:
2451:
2262:
2242:
2187:
2177:
2111:
2083:
2018:
1654:
1589:
1534:
1529:
1519:
393:
306:
removes naturally occurring moisture from the lumber. This can be done with
181:
4141:
406:
368:
Illustration of a human-powered sawmill with a gang-saw, published in 1582
254:
is the process for sorting the logs by species, size and end use (lumber,
3971:
3941:
3936:
3896:
3842:
3832:
3752:
3140:
2837:
2817:
2807:
2461:
2426:
2162:
2038:
1965:
1907:
1872:
1867:
1764:
1683:
1594:
1559:
1554:
999:
959:
849:
784:
738:
653:
632:
620:
594:
508:
481:
288:
will take the flitch and trim off all irregular edges leaving four-sided
266:
124:
101:
316:
smooths the surface of the lumber leaving a uniform width and thickness.
4127:
3961:
3857:
3827:
3822:
3800:
3785:
3338:
3014:
2902:
2872:
2832:
2776:
2630:
2609:
2501:
2456:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2388:
2358:
2353:
2227:
2131:
2068:
2013:
1902:
1857:
1812:
1734:
1724:
1709:
1604:
1584:
1376:
1137:
994:
979:
865:
741:. The cost of a new facility with 4,700-cubic-metre-per-day (2-million-
680:
656:. Sawfilers were highly skilled in metalworking. Their main job was to
602:
598:
550:
542:
538:
527:
493:
489:
466:
255:
213:
209:
173:
132:
128:
84:
3795:
3533:
3370:
3318:
3217:
3004:
2733:
2481:
2232:
2182:
2078:
2048:
1988:
1862:
1787:
1749:
1702:
1569:
1487:
969:
893:
583:
497:
462:
435:
289:
201:
120:
88:
1368:
1129:
729:
3847:
2882:
2791:
2786:
2771:
2192:
1983:
1976:
1947:
1927:
1897:
1882:
1842:
1827:
1817:
1802:
1797:
1777:
1754:
1729:
1649:
1047:
1045:
932:
728:
670:
607:
476:
The earliest literary reference to a working sawmill comes from a
470:
405:
387:
371:
363:
335:
273:
54:
40:
1404:
107:
Before the invention of the sawmill, boards were made in various
3906:
3881:
3555:
2781:
2310:
2247:
2172:
2053:
2008:
2003:
1739:
1483:
1251:
780:
567:(thus introducing a term used in many mechanical applications).
307:
37:
Sawing logs into finished lumber with a basic "portable" sawmill
3113:
1432:
2907:
2398:
2167:
1993:
1887:
1719:
1428:
746:
668:
blades have replaceable teeth, but still need to be hammered.
812:
Inside a modern sawmill equipped with laser-guided technology
526:
in c. 1225–1235. They are claimed to have been introduced to
1419:, northern foothills of Adirondack Mountains, New York State
593:, the sawmill was introduced soon after the colonisation of
3109:
1228:
Norman Ball, 'Circular Saws and the
History of Technology'
660:
and sharpen teeth. The craft also involved learning how to
457:, are archaeologically attested for the 6th century at the
160:
in
Georgetown, South Carolina, using logs floated down the
1207:
by Cornelisz van Uitgeest in the National Archives (Dutch)
245:
either on the way to the mill or upon arrival at the mill.
546:
thickness. This was often done by following a chalkline.
1230:
Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology
1117:
Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology
733:
Oregon Mill using energy efficient ponding to move logs
208:
After trees are selected for harvest, the next step in
2969:
International Federation of Building and Wood Workers
3929:
3761:
3603:
3294:
3204:
3043:
2992:
2936:
2850:
2800:
2757:
2629:
2622:
2510:
2397:
2339:
2149:
2092:
1763:
1682:
1673:
1497:
1466:
1357:(2002), "Machines, Power and the Ancient Economy",
533:Prior to the invention of the sawmill, boards were
500:. Marble sawmills also seem to be indicated by the
1063:
1051:
695:In addition, the use of steam or gasoline-powered
1074:
1072:
537:and planed, or more often sawn by two men with a
414:in California, where gold was first found in 1848
223:Branches are cut off the trunk. This is known as
135:below. The earliest known mechanical mill is the
1301:Bautechnik im antiken und vorantiken Kleinasien
1252:"RitchieSpecs Equipment Specs & Dimensions"
706:, South Carolina, using logs floated down the
699:also allowed the entire sawmill to be mobile.
3125:
1444:
26:"Sawmills" redirects here. For the town, see
8:
1347:Lumber Manufacture in the Douglas Fir Region
1241:Edwardian Farm: Roy Hebdige's mobile sawmill
541:, using saddleblocks to hold the log, and a
553:to mechanical power, generally driven by a
298:squares the ends at typical lumber lengths.
3132:
3118:
3110:
2626:
2155:
1679:
1451:
1437:
1429:
1106:
1104:
59:Early 20th-century sawmill, maintained at
1031:. Western Wood Products Association. 2002
322:transports the finished lumber to market.
2959:Building and Wood Workers' International
1400:Nineteenth-century sawmill demonstration
911:Sawmill workers posing with saw blades,
32:
1016:
802:
16:Facility where logs are cut into lumber
4209:Economic history of the Dutch Republic
1215:
1213:
1078:
779:and related products, or used to heat
352:. The 3rd-century mill incorporated a
139:, a Roman water-powered stone mill at
4214:Industrial history of the Netherlands
1349:, Chicago: Commercial Journal Company
947:Logs at sawmill at Manitoulin Island
280:into multiple flitches and/or boards.
248:Debarking removes bark from the logs.
7:
3094:
1270:"Reap the Profits of Mobile Milling"
518:Sawmills later became widespread in
4057:
3084:
2944:American Association of Woodturners
864:A preserved water powered sawmill,
824:Wood traveling on sawmill machinery
1333:, vol. 20, pp. 138–163,
644:logs were floated down to them by
625:Cornelis Corneliszoon van Uitgeest
549:Early sawmills simply adapted the
14:
3406:Global Forest Information Service
2974:National Wood Carvers Association
1156:www.familienverband-tritschler.de
188:, creating a diverse offering of
4162:
4153:
4152:
4140:
4126:
4112:
4098:
4084:
4070:
4056:
3093:
3083:
3074:
3073:
2949:Architectural Woodwork Institute
1064:Ritti, Grewe & Kessener 2007
1052:Ritti, Grewe & Kessener 2007
940:
920:
904:
885:
873:
857:
841:
829:
817:
805:
4163:
1363:, vol. 92, pp. 1–32,
710:from as far as the edge of the
597:by recruiting skilled men from
2954:British Woodworking Federation
1405:Database of worldwide sawmills
1395:The basics of sawmill (German)
848:A sawmill in Armata, on mount
1:
2964:Caricature Carvers of America
397:
392:A sawmill in the interior of
158:Atlantic Coast Lumber Company
131:, one above and another in a
46:
1360:The Journal of Roman Studies
1331:Journal of Roman Archaeology
836:Sawdust waste from the mill
424:water-powered stone sawmill
380:" a wind driven sawmill in
4235:
3517:Growth and yield modelling
25:
18:
4091:Earth sciences portal
4077:Climate change portal
4052:
3658:Great Green Wall (Africa)
3147:
3069:
2979:Society of Wood Engravers
2158:
1339:10.1017/S1047759400005341
522:, as one was sketched by
332:Pre–Industrial Revolution
4219:Wood-related terminology
4189:Ancient Roman technology
3663:Great Green Wall (China)
3236:Close to nature forestry
1098:II (Oxford 1956), 643-4.
204:exits on the other end.
28:Sawmills, North Carolina
21:Sawmill (disambiguation)
3697:Million Tree Initiative
1390:Steam powered saw mills
1232:7(3) (1975), pp. 79-89.
896:, France, near 1840 by
880:Making planks from logs
4119:Environment portal
3551:Sustainable management
3446:Trillion Tree Campaign
3056:Frameless construction
2137:Wood-plastic composite
1345:Oakleaf, H.B. (1920),
1025:"Lumber Manufacturing"
734:
684:
613:
415:
410:Modern reconstruction
403:
385:
369:
361:
64:
52:
38:
4044:Wood process engineer
3748:Urban forest inequity
1096:History of Technology
793:oriented strand board
759:A trend is the small
732:
712:Appalachian Mountains
674:
639:Industrial Revolution
611:
524:Villard de Honnecourt
409:
391:
375:
367:
339:
166:Appalachian Mountains
153:Industrial Revolution
58:
45:An American sawmill,
44:
36:
3707:Shifting cultivation
3648:Forest fragmentation
3618:Carbon sequestration
3488:Woodland Carbon Code
3453:Forest certification
3361:Even-aged management
3276:Sustainable forestry
2984:Timber Framers Guild
1838:Australian Blackwood
1256:www.ritchiespecs.com
1112:Peterson, Charles E.
913:Rainy River District
749:) capacity is up to
687:The introduction of
465:(in Asia Minor) and
342:water-driven sawmill
83:is a facility where
19:For other uses, see
3512:Formally designated
3356:Ecological thinning
3266:Plantation forestry
3174:Research institutes
2704:Hammer-headed tenon
2223:Janka hardness test
438:, then part of the
151:By the time of the
4204:Timber preparation
4105:Ecology portal
3638:Forest degradation
3633:Ecosystem services
3241:Community forestry
1565:Japanese carpentry
1425:, Skerry, New York
1423:L. Cass Bowen Mill
1417:Reynolds Bros Mill
1410:2017-08-20 at the
1203:2011-07-04 at the
1185:2006-10-06 at the
1066:, pp. 149–153
735:
685:
614:
486:topographical poem
420:Hierapolis sawmill
416:
404:
386:
370:
362:
230:Logs are taken by
202:dimensional lumber
137:Hierapolis sawmill
127:by two men with a
97:"portable" sawmill
93:dimensional lumber
65:
53:
39:
4176:
4175:
4133:Plants portal
3919:green woodworking
3107:
3106:
3061:Green woodworking
2918:Wood preservation
2846:
2845:
2749:Tongue and groove
2729:Mortise and tenon
2618:
2617:
2316:Warrington hammer
2145:
2144:
1833:African Blackwood
1625:Segmented turning
1314:978-975-8072-23-1
1276:. 21 January 2016
927:Sawmill with the
781:wood-drying kilns
4226:
4166:
4165:
4156:
4155:
4147:Trees portal
4145:
4144:
4131:
4130:
4117:
4116:
4103:
4102:
4101:
4089:
4088:
4087:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4060:
4059:
3781:Forest gardening
3738:Timber recycling
3685:Invasive species
3573:Tree measurement
3134:
3127:
3120:
3111:
3097:
3096:
3087:
3086:
3077:
3076:
2627:
2296:Thickness planer
2156:
1950:(lime, basswood)
1680:
1540:Chainsaw carving
1453:
1446:
1439:
1430:
1379:
1350:
1341:
1325:
1323:
1317:, archived from
1306:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1281:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1248:
1242:
1239:
1233:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1208:
1198:Dutch inventions
1195:
1189:
1174:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1108:
1099:
1088:
1082:
1076:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1040:
1039:
1037:
1036:
1021:
990:Portable sawmill
944:
924:
908:
898:Eugène de Malbos
889:
877:
861:
852:, Epirus, Greece
845:
833:
821:
809:
761:portable sawmill
697:traction engines
683:, Finland, 1890s
580:Baltic countries
505:Gregory of Nyssa
488:about the river
402:
399:
123:, or more often
51:
48:
4234:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4224:
4223:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4139:
4125:
4111:
4099:
4097:
4085:
4083:
4071:
4069:
4048:
3925:
3902:spruce-pine-fir
3875:Christmas trees
3757:
3673:Illegal logging
3605:
3599:
3314:Controlled burn
3299:
3290:
3271:Social forestry
3251:Energy forestry
3231:Bamboo forestry
3226:Analog forestry
3200:
3143:
3138:
3108:
3103:
3065:
3051:Frame and panel
3039:
2988:
2932:
2842:
2801:Surface piecing
2796:
2753:
2674:Crown of thorns
2614:
2600:Smoothing plane
2506:
2393:
2335:
2238:Milling machine
2141:
2102:Cross-laminated
2088:
1759:
1669:
1640:Spindle turning
1630:Shingle weaving
1600:Pallet crafting
1493:
1462:
1457:
1412:Wayback Machine
1386:
1369:10.2307/3184857
1353:
1344:
1328:
1321:
1315:
1304:
1296:
1293:
1288:
1279:
1277:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1250:
1249:
1245:
1240:
1236:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1211:
1205:Wayback Machine
1196:
1192:
1187:Wayback Machine
1175:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1152:"Die Sägemühle"
1150:
1149:
1145:
1130:10.2307/1493399
1110:
1109:
1102:
1089:
1085:
1077:
1070:
1062:
1058:
1050:
1043:
1034:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
955:
948:
945:
936:
925:
916:
909:
900:
890:
881:
878:
869:
862:
853:
846:
837:
834:
825:
822:
813:
810:
801:
773:sawdust burners
727:
641:
520:medieval Europe
502:Christian saint
400:
334:
329:
238:to the sawmill.
220:them to length.
216:the trees, and
198:
196:Sawmill process
190:forest products
49:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4232:
4230:
4222:
4221:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4191:
4181:
4180:
4174:
4173:
4171:
4170:
4160:
4150:
4136:
4122:
4108:
4094:
4080:
4066:
4053:
4050:
4049:
4047:
4046:
4041:
4036:
4034:Timber cruiser
4031:
4029:Shingle weaver
4026:
4021:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3923:
3922:
3921:
3911:
3910:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3879:
3878:
3877:
3867:
3865:Rail transport
3862:
3861:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3815:
3814:
3813:
3808:
3806:pulp and paper
3803:
3798:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3776:Forest farming
3773:
3767:
3765:
3759:
3758:
3756:
3755:
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3734:
3733:
3726:
3724:slash-and-char
3721:
3719:slash-and-burn
3716:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3682:
3681:
3680:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3643:Forest dieback
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3609:
3607:
3601:
3600:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3570:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3542:
3541:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3519:
3514:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3502:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3485:
3480:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3413:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3316:
3311:
3305:
3303:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3286:Urban forestry
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3222:
3221:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3177:
3170:
3163:
3156:
3148:
3145:
3144:
3139:
3137:
3136:
3129:
3122:
3114:
3105:
3104:
3102:
3101:
3091:
3081:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3030:Quarter sawing
3027:
3022:
3020:Wood splitting
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2996:
2994:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2986:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2931:
2930:
2928:Wood finishing
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2888:Paint stripper
2885:
2880:
2875:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2844:
2843:
2841:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2804:
2802:
2798:
2797:
2795:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2763:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2633:
2624:
2620:
2619:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2595:Shoulder plane
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2570:Moulding plane
2567:
2562:
2560:Japanese plane
2557:
2552:
2550:Grooving plane
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2469:
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2403:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2392:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2364:Flooring clamp
2361:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2343:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2321:Winding sticks
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2301:Timber-framing
2298:
2293:
2265:
2260:
2255:
2250:
2245:
2240:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2127:Particle board
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2107:Glue laminated
2104:
2098:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2086:
2081:
2076:
2071:
2066:
2061:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1688:
1686:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1645:Timber framing
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1615:Relief carving
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1517:
1515:Bush carpentry
1512:
1507:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1491:
1481:
1476:
1470:
1468:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1456:
1455:
1448:
1441:
1433:
1427:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1385:
1384:External links
1382:
1381:
1380:
1355:Wilson, Andrew
1351:
1342:
1326:
1313:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1286:
1261:
1243:
1234:
1221:
1209:
1190:
1169:
1143:
1100:
1083:
1068:
1056:
1041:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
956:
954:
951:
950:
949:
946:
939:
937:
926:
919:
917:
910:
903:
901:
891:
884:
882:
879:
872:
870:
863:
856:
854:
847:
840:
838:
835:
828:
826:
823:
816:
814:
811:
804:
800:
797:
726:
725:Current trends
723:
716:North Carolina
640:
637:
559:connecting rod
484:, who wrote a
448:connecting rod
358:connecting rod
340:Scheme of the
333:
330:
328:
325:
324:
323:
317:
311:
299:
293:
281:
270:
259:
249:
246:
239:
228:
221:
197:
194:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4231:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4202:
4200:
4197:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4169:
4161:
4159:
4151:
4149:
4148:
4143:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4095:
4093:
4092:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4067:
4065:
4064:
4055:
4054:
4051:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4024:Rubber tapper
4022:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3969:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3952:Choker setter
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3884:
3883:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3872:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3816:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3793:
3792:
3791:Manufacturing
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3768:
3766:
3764:
3760:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3732:
3731:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3691:
3688:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3679:
3676:
3675:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3628:Deforestation
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3608:
3604:Environmental
3602:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3571:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3523:
3520:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3506:
3505:reforestation
3503:
3501:
3500:afforestation
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3455:
3454:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3417:
3414:
3412:
3409:
3407:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3321:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3309:Arboriculture
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3297:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3261:Permaforestry
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3220:
3219:
3215:
3214:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3196:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3178:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3169:
3168:
3164:
3162:
3161:
3157:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3135:
3130:
3128:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3100:
3092:
3090:
3082:
3080:
3072:
3071:
3068:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3008:
3006:
3003:
3001:
3000:Chainsaw mill
2998:
2997:
2995:
2991:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2937:Organizations
2935:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2893:Steam bending
2891:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2881:
2879:
2876:
2874:
2871:
2869:
2866:
2864:
2863:French polish
2861:
2859:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2756:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2734:Rabbet/Rebate
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2719:Mason's mitre
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2565:Jointer plane
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:Compass plane
2533:
2531:
2530:Chamfer plane
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2520:Bedrock plane
2518:
2517:
2515:
2513:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2405:
2404:
2402:
2400:
2396:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2319:
2317:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2307:
2306:Veneer hammer
2304:
2302:
2299:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2249:
2246:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2218:Impact driver
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2095:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2080:
2077:
2075:
2072:
2070:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2052:
2050:
2047:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2034:Red Quebracho
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2000:
1997:
1995:
1992:
1990:
1987:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1936:
1934:
1931:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1741:
1738:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1687:
1685:
1681:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1591:
1588:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1510:Bow and arrow
1508:
1506:
1505:Boat building
1503:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1489:
1485:
1482:
1480:
1477:
1475:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1442:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1431:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1391:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1361:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1324:on 2011-05-11
1320:
1316:
1310:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1275:
1274:Trees 2 Money
1271:
1265:
1262:
1257:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1238:
1235:
1231:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1173:
1170:
1157:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1124:(2): 84–153.
1123:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1107:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1060:
1057:
1054:, p. 161
1053:
1048:
1046:
1042:
1030:
1029:Lumber Basics
1026:
1020:
1017:
1011:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
957:
952:
943:
938:
934:
930:
929:floating logs
923:
918:
914:
907:
902:
899:
895:
888:
883:
876:
871:
867:
860:
855:
851:
844:
839:
832:
827:
820:
815:
808:
803:
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
777:particleboard
774:
771:
765:
762:
757:
754:
752:
748:
744:
740:
731:
724:
722:
719:
717:
713:
709:
708:Pee Dee River
705:
700:
698:
693:
690:
682:
678:
675:A sawmill of
673:
669:
667:
663:
659:
655:
649:
647:
638:
636:
634:
631:to convert a
630:
626:
622:
619:
610:
606:
604:
600:
596:
592:
591:United States
587:
585:
581:
576:
572:
568:
566:
565:
560:
556:
552:
547:
544:
540:
536:
535:rived (split)
531:
529:
525:
521:
516:
514:
510:
506:
503:
499:
495:
491:
487:
483:
479:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
451:
449:
445:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
421:
413:
412:Sutter's mill
408:
395:
390:
383:
379:
378:De Salamander
374:
366:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
338:
331:
326:
321:
318:
315:
312:
310:or air-dried.
309:
305:
304:
300:
297:
294:
291:
287:
286:
282:
279:
275:
271:
268:
264:
260:
257:
253:
250:
247:
244:
240:
237:
233:
232:logging truck
229:
226:
222:
219:
215:
211:
207:
206:
205:
203:
195:
193:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
162:Pee Dee River
159:
154:
149:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
113:rived (split)
111:ways, either
110:
105:
103:
98:
94:
90:
87:are cut into
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
62:
57:
43:
35:
29:
22:
4138:
4124:
4110:
4096:
4082:
4068:
4061:
4039:Tree planter
4019:Resin tapper
3999:Truck driver
3994:River driver
3810:
3743:Tree hugging
3728:
3711:
3678:timber mafia
3668:High grading
3653:Ghost forest
3623:Clearcutting
3546:Silviculture
3522:Horticulture
3366:Fire ecology
3281:Urban forest
3256:Mycoforestry
3216:
3212:Agroforestry
3193:
3186:
3179:
3172:
3165:
3160:Forest areas
3158:
3151:
3009:
2868:Heat bending
2813:Edge banding
2585:Router plane
2580:Rebate plane
2540:Finger plane
2271:
1975:
1969:
1949:
1943:Lignum vitae
1701:
1695:
1660:Wood carving
1635:Shipbuilding
1620:Root carving
1580:Log building
1545:Chip carving
1358:
1346:
1330:
1319:the original
1300:
1278:. Retrieved
1273:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1229:
1224:
1193:
1178:
1172:
1160:. Retrieved
1155:
1146:
1121:
1115:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1081:, p. 16
1059:
1033:. Retrieved
1028:
1019:
965:Circular saw
789:wood pellets
766:
758:
755:
739:computerized
736:
720:
701:
694:
686:
677:Naistenlahti
666:circular saw
661:
657:
650:
642:
615:
588:
577:
573:
569:
562:
548:
532:
517:
513:Roman Empire
475:
452:
440:Roman Empire
434:(modern-day
417:
382:Leidschendam
377:
319:
313:
302:
295:
284:
251:
234:, rail or a
224:
199:
186:wood pellets
150:
106:
80:
76:
72:
68:
66:
4063:WikiProject
3987:smokejumper
3967:Firefighter
3930:Occupations
3914:Woodworking
3495:Forestation
3426:restoration
3381:informatics
3246:Ecoforestry
3089:WikiProject
3035:Rift sawing
3025:Flat sawing
2913:Wood drying
2590:Scrub plane
2575:Razee plane
2525:Block plane
2379:Mitre clamp
2326:Wood scribe
2277:Combination
2019:Purpleheart
1715:Douglas fir
1665:Woodturning
1498:Occupations
1460:Woodworking
1219:Oakleaf p.8
1158:(in German)
1079:Wilson 2002
1005:Wood drying
985:Lumber yard
975:Log bucking
915:, 1900–1909
892:Sawmill in
689:steam power
646:log drivers
561:known as a
555:water wheel
450:mechanism.
401: 1900
81:lumber mill
50: 1920
4183:Categories
4009:Lumberjack
4004:Log scaler
3887:engineered
3838:non-timber
3811:sawmilling
3763:Industries
3730:svedjebruk
3441:transition
3421:protection
3411:old-growth
3396:governance
3351:Dendrology
3301:management
3167:Ministries
3044:Techniques
2993:Conversion
2923:Wood stain
2851:Treatments
2639:Birdsmouth
2605:Spokeshave
2555:Jack plane
2545:Fore plane
2384:Pipe clamp
2349:Band clamp
2273:Carpenters
2094:Engineered
2044:Rubberwood
1893:Eucalyptus
1697:Calocedrus
1610:Pyrography
1575:Kohlrosing
1280:2016-03-10
1090:C. Singer
1035:2008-02-12
1012:References
743:board-foot
704:Georgetown
629:crankshaft
564:pitman arm
455:gear train
432:Asia Minor
428:Hierapolis
360:mechanism.
350:Asia Minor
346:Hierapolis
278:gang edger
145:Asia Minor
141:Hierapolis
3957:Ecologist
3870:Tree farm
3771:Coppicing
3713:chitemene
3613:Acid rain
3561:allometry
3483:SmartWood
3431:secondary
3416:pathology
3391:inventory
3329:driftwood
3195:Arbor Day
2833:Parquetry
2828:Oystering
2823:Marquetry
2664:Butterfly
2331:Workbench
2263:Sandpaper
2243:Mitre box
2188:Drawknife
2178:Burnisher
2163:Abrasives
2112:Hardboard
1773:Afromosia
1655:Whittling
1605:Parquetry
1590:Marquetry
1535:Certosina
1530:Carpentry
1520:Cabinetry
1467:Overviews
935:, Finland
868:, England
459:Byzantine
394:Australia
258:, chips).
241:Logs are
236:log drive
182:woodchips
170:expensive
164:from the
125:hand sawn
63:, Arizona
4194:Sawmills
4158:Category
3972:handcrew
3942:Arborist
3937:Forester
3897:mahogany
3843:palm oil
3833:charcoal
3818:Products
3753:Wildfire
3566:breeding
3527:GM trees
3376:dynamics
3188:Journals
3181:Colleges
3141:Forestry
3079:Category
2858:Adhesive
2838:Purfling
2818:Intarsia
2759:Profiles
2684:Dovetail
2623:Geometry
2462:Hand saw
2447:Crosscut
2432:Circular
2427:Chainsaw
2374:Holdfast
2039:Rosewood
1971:American
1966:Mahogany
1938:Jelutong
1908:Hornbeam
1873:Cocobolo
1868:Chestnut
1783:Andiroba
1595:Millwork
1560:Intarsia
1555:Fretwork
1550:Ébéniste
1479:Glossary
1408:Archived
1201:Archived
1183:Archived
1000:Sawfiler
960:Band saw
953:See also
850:Smolikas
785:barkdust
654:sawfiler
633:windmill
621:windmill
595:Virginia
509:Anatolia
482:Ausonius
320:Shipping
296:Trimming
267:head saw
102:chainsaw
77:saw-mill
73:saw mill
4168:Outline
3982:lookout
3977:hotshot
3858:tanbark
3828:biomass
3823:biochar
3801:plywood
3786:Logging
3690:wilding
3339:log jam
3296:Ecology
3099:Commons
3015:Whipsaw
3010:Sawmill
2903:Varnish
2898:Thermal
2873:Lacquer
2808:Binding
2777:Chamfer
2644:Biscuit
2610:Surform
2502:Whipsaw
2472:Keyhole
2457:Fretsaw
2437:Compass
2422:Bucksaw
2412:Bandsaw
2407:Backsaw
2389:Sawbuck
2359:F-clamp
2354:C-clamp
2228:Jointer
2132:Plywood
2084:Zebrano
2024:Ovankol
1989:Meranti
1977:African
1948:Linden
1903:Hickory
1858:Cedrela
1853:Camphor
1848:Bubinga
1843:Boxwood
1823:Bilinga
1808:Avodire
1725:Juniper
1710:Cypress
1585:Luthier
1474:History
1377:3184857
1291:Sources
1179:De Hoop
1138:1493399
995:Saw pit
980:Logging
866:Norfolk
799:Gallery
770:conical
681:Tampere
603:England
599:Hamburg
589:In the
551:whipsaw
543:saw pit
539:whipsaw
528:Madeira
494:Germany
490:Moselle
467:Ephesus
461:cities
327:History
314:Planing
265:uses a
256:plywood
252:Decking
225:limbing
218:bucking
214:felling
210:logging
174:sawdust
133:saw pit
129:whipsaw
95:). The
69:sawmill
4014:Ranger
3962:Feller
3947:Bucker
3853:rubber
3796:lumber
3606:topics
3593:volume
3588:height
3534:i-Tree
3371:Forest
3324:coarse
3319:Debris
3218:dehesa
3005:Hewing
2744:Splice
2699:Halved
2694:Groove
2689:Finger
2669:Coping
2654:Bridle
2631:Joints
2512:Planes
2497:Veneer
2487:Scroll
2482:Ripsaw
2467:Jigsaw
2442:Coping
2341:Clamps
2268:Square
2258:Shaper
2253:Router
2233:Mallet
2208:Gimlet
2183:Chisel
2079:Willow
2069:Walnut
2059:Totara
2049:Sapele
2014:Poplar
1999:Padauk
1961:Merbau
1933:Jarrah
1918:Imbuia
1913:Idigbo
1878:Cumaru
1863:Cherry
1788:Anigre
1750:Spruce
1703:Cedrus
1570:Khatam
1525:Caning
1488:lumber
1375:
1311:
1162:May 8,
1136:
1092:et at.
970:Hewing
894:Luchon
662:hammer
623:owner
584:Canada
498:marble
480:poet,
463:Gerasa
436:Turkey
303:Drying
290:lumber
285:Edging
263:sawyer
243:scaled
184:, and
117:planed
109:manual
89:lumber
61:Jerome
3848:rayon
3583:girth
3578:crown
3539:urban
3436:stand
3344:slash
3334:large
3205:Types
3153:Index
2883:Paint
2792:Ovolo
2787:Ogive
2772:Bevel
2739:Scarf
2724:Miter
2492:Table
2477:Miter
2452:Frame
2369:Gripe
2285:Speed
2281:Miter
2213:Gauge
2203:Float
2198:Fence
2193:Drill
2151:Tools
2074:Wenge
2064:Utile
2029:Ramin
1984:Maple
1956:Lovoa
1928:Iroko
1898:Hazel
1883:Ebony
1828:Birch
1818:Beech
1813:Balsa
1803:Aspen
1798:Apple
1778:Alder
1735:Kauri
1730:Larch
1692:Cedar
1675:Woods
1650:Treen
1373:JSTOR
1322:(PDF)
1305:(PDF)
1134:JSTOR
933:Kotka
751:CAN$
745:-per-
618:Dutch
507:from
478:Roman
471:Syria
444:crank
354:crank
308:kilns
276:or a
274:resaw
79:) or
4199:Saws
3907:teak
3892:fuel
3882:Wood
3702:REDD
3556:Tree
3473:PEFC
3458:ATFS
2782:Ogee
2767:Bead
2709:Knee
2679:Dado
2659:Butt
2399:Saws
2311:Vise
2248:Rasp
2173:Adze
2054:Teak
2009:Plum
2004:Pear
1765:Hard
1745:Rimu
1740:Pine
1684:Soft
1484:Wood
1309:ISBN
1164:2017
616:The
582:and
469:(in
446:and
422:, a
418:The
356:and
178:bark
121:hewn
115:and
85:logs
3478:SFI
3468:FSC
3463:CFS
3401:law
3386:IPM
3298:and
2908:Wax
2878:Oil
2714:Lap
2649:Box
2417:Bow
2289:Try
2168:Axe
2122:OSB
2117:MDF
1994:Oak
1923:Ipê
1888:Elm
1793:Ash
1755:Yew
1720:Fir
1365:doi
1335:doi
1126:doi
931:in
747:day
714:in
679:in
658:set
492:in
473:).
426:at
344:at
212:is
4185::
2287:,
2283:,
2279:,
2275:,
1974:,
1700:,
1371:,
1272:.
1254:.
1212:^
1154:.
1132:.
1120:.
1103:^
1094:,
1071:^
1044:^
1027:.
718:.
515:.
430:,
398:c.
396:,
348:,
261:A
192:.
180:,
176:,
143:,
119:,
75:,
67:A
47:c.
3133:e
3126:t
3119:v
2292:)
2270:(
1980:)
1968:(
1706:)
1694:(
1490:)
1486:(
1452:e
1445:t
1438:v
1367::
1337::
1283:.
1258:.
1166:.
1140:.
1128::
1122:5
1038:.
376:"
292:.
227:.
71:(
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
