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for personal or even professional use. Many different models have emerged with different designs and functions. They are especially suitable for producing limited volumes of boards, or specialty milling such as oversized timber. Portable sawmills have gained popularity for the convenience of bringing
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The next improvement was the use of circular saw blades, perhaps invented in
England in the late 18th century, but perhaps in 17th-century Netherlands. Soon thereafter, millers used gangsaws, which added additional blades so that a log would be reduced to boards in one quick step. Circular saw blades
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Early mills had been taken to the forest, where a temporary shelter was built, and the logs were skidded to the nearby mill by horse or ox teams, often when there was some snow to provide lubrication. As mills grew larger, they were usually established in more permanent facilities on a river, and the
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dating back to the 3rd century AD. Other water-powered mills followed and by the 11th century they were widespread in Spain and North Africa, the Middle East and
Central Asia, and in the next few centuries, spread across Europe. The circular motion of the wheel was converted to a reciprocating motion
585:
A type of sawmill without a crank is known from
Germany called "knock and drop" or simply "drop" -mills. In these drop sawmills, the frame carrying the saw blade is knocked upwards by cams as the shaft turns. These cams are let into the shaft on which the waterwheel sits. When the frame carrying the
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in the 18th century, the circular saw blade had been invented, and with the development of steam power in the 19th century, a much greater degree of mechanisation was possible. Scrap lumber from the mill provided a source of fuel for firing the boiler. The arrival of railroads meant that logs could
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in the 19th century created many new possibilities for mills. Availability of railroad transportation for logs and lumber encouraged building of rail mills away from navigable water. Steam powered sawmills could be far more mechanized. Scrap lumber from the mill provided a ready fuel source for
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for the pitman who worked below. Sawing was slow, and required strong and hearty men. The topsawer had to be the stronger of the two because the saw was pulled in turn by each man, and the lower had the advantage of gravity. The topsawyer also had to guide the saw so that the board was of even
806:(OSB) paneling for building construction, a cheaper and in some use cases more robust alternative to plywood for paneling. Some automatic mills can process 800 small logs into bark chips, wood chips, sawdust and sorted, stacked, and bound planks, in an hour.
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at the saw blade. Generally, only the saw was powered, and the logs had to be loaded and moved by hand. An early improvement was the development of a movable carriage, also water powered, to move the log steadily through the saw blade.
778:
Technology has changed sawmill operations significantly in recent years, emphasizing increasing profits through waste minimization and increased energy efficiency as well as improving operator safety. The once-ubiquitous rusty, steel
1308:
Grewe, Klaus (2009), "Die
Reliefdarstellung einer antiken Steinsägemaschine aus Hierapolis in Phrygien und ihre Bedeutung für die Technikgeschichte. Internationale Konferenz 13.−16. Juni 2007 in Istanbul", in Bachmann, Martin (ed.),
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is simple to operate. The log lies flat on a steel bed, and the motorized saw cuts the log horizontally along the length of the bed, by the operator manually pushing the saw. The most basic kind of sawmill consists of a
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Generally, only the saw was powered, and the logs had to be loaded and moved by hand. An early improvement was the development of a movable carriage, also water powered, to move the log steadily through the saw blade.
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the sawmill to the logs and milling lumber in remote locations. Some remote communities that have experienced natural disasters have used portable sawmills to rebuild their communities out of the fallen trees.
659:. Sawmills built on navigable rivers, lakes, or estuaries were called cargo mills because of the availability of ships transporting cargoes of logs to the sawmill and cargoes of lumber from the sawmill.
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In the twentieth century the introduction of electricity and high technology furthered this process, and now most sawmills are massive and expensive facilities in which most aspects of the work is
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for pellet stoves. The larger pieces of wood that will not make lumber are chipped into wood chips and provide a source of supply for paper mills. Wood by-products of the mills will also make
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616:, where the sawmill remained largely unknown until the late 18th century. The arrival of a sawmill was a large and stimulative step in the growth of a frontier community.
1125:(1973). "Sawdust Trail: Annals of Sawmilling and the Lumber Trade from Virginia to Hawaii via Maine, Barbados, Sault Ste. Marie, Manchac and Seattle to the Year 1860".
732:
A restoration project for
Sturgeon's Mill in Northern California is underway, restoring one of the last steam-powered lumber mills still using its original equipment.
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597:. The output of such mills would be quite low, perhaps only 500 boards per day. They would also generally only operate during the winter, the peak logging season.
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794:. Co-generation facilities will produce power for the operation and may also feed superfluous energy onto the grid. While the bark may be ground for landscaping
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invented in 1594 the wind-powered sawmill, which made the conversion of log timber into planks 30 times faster than before. His wind-powered sawmill used a
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Ritti, Tullia; Grewe, Klaus; Kessener, Paul (2007), "A Relief of a Water-powered Stone Saw Mill on a
Sarcophagus at Hierapolis and its Implications",
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Small gasoline-powered sawmills run by local entrepreneurs served many communities in the early twentieth century, and specialty markets still today.
1365:
102:. Modern sawmills use a motorized saw to cut logs lengthwise to make long pieces, and crosswise to length depending on standard or custom sizes (
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be transported to mills rather than mills being built beside navigable waterways. By 1900, the largest sawmill in the world was operated by the
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280:(also called head rig or primary saw) to break the log into cants (unfinished logs to be further processed) and flitches (unfinished planks).
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179:. In the 20th century the introduction of electricity and high technology furthered this process, and now most sawmills are massive and
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120,000,000. A modern operation will produce between 240,000 to 1,650,000 cubic metres (100 to 700 million board feet) annually.
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facilities in which most aspects of the work are computerized. Besides the sawn timber, use is made of all the by-products including
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saw blade is in the topmost position it drops by its own weight, making a loud knocking noise, and in so doing it cuts the trunk.
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were extremely expensive and highly subject to damage by overheating or dirty logs. A new kind of technician arose, the
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to speed up the process. The circular motion of the wheel was changed to back-and-forth motion of the saw blade by a
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1188:"Cornelis Corneliszoon van Uitgeest (1550–1607), inventor of the wind powered saw mill", Industrial Heritage Park
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395:, Netherlands. Built in 1792, it was used until 1953, when it fell into disrepair. It was fully restored in 1989.
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firing the boiler. Efficiency was increased, but the capital cost of a new mill increased dramatically as well.
646:'s circular motion into a back-and-forward motion powering the saw, and was granted a patent for the technique.
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a saw, whereby a saw is deformed with a hammer and anvil to counteract the forces of heat and cutting. Modern
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A small mill such as this would be the center of many rural communities in wood-exporting regions such as the
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in the late 4th century AD. At one point in the poem he describes the shrieking sound of a watermill cutting
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453:), dating to the second half of the 3rd century, is the earliest known sawmill. It also incorporates a
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Depending upon the species and quality of the log, the cants will either be further broken down by a
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A sawmill's basic operation is much like those of hundreds of years ago: a log enters on one end and
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around 370–390 AD, demonstrating a diversified use of water-power in many parts of the
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have for the most part vanished, as the sawdust and other mill waste is now processed into
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18th-century allegorical print commemorating C.C. van
Uitgeest's invention of the saw mill
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By 1900, the largest sawmill in the world was operated by the
Atlantic Lumber Company in
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following its discovery in c. 1420 and spread widely in Europe in the 16th century.
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Water-powered stone sawmills working with cranks and connecting rods, but without
1318:, Byzas, vol. 9, Istanbul: Ege Yayınları/Zero Prod. Ltd., pp. 429–454,
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and a customized jig ("Alaskan sawmill"), with similar horizontal operation.
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removes naturally occurring moisture from the lumber. This can be done with
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Illustration of a human-powered sawmill with a gang-saw, published in 1582
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is the process for sorting the logs by species, size and end use (lumber,
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will take the flitch and trim off all irregular edges leaving four-sided
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smooths the surface of the lumber leaving a uniform width and thickness.
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752:. The cost of a new facility with 4,700-cubic-metre-per-day (2-million-
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The earliest literary reference to a working sawmill comes from a
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Before the invention of the sawmill, boards were made in various
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578:(thus introducing a term used in many mechanical applications).
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Sawing logs into finished lumber with a basic "portable" sawmill
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blades have replaceable teeth, but still need to be hammered.
823:
Inside a modern sawmill equipped with laser-guided technology
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in c. 1225–1235. They are claimed to have been introduced to
1430:, northern foothills of Adirondack Mountains, New York State
604:, the sawmill was introduced soon after the colonisation of
3120:
1239:
Norman Ball, 'Circular Saws and the
History of Technology'
671:
and sharpen teeth. The craft also involved learning how to
468:, are archaeologically attested for the 6th century at the
171:
in
Georgetown, South Carolina, using logs floated down the
1218:
by Cornelisz van Uitgeest in the National Archives (Dutch)
256:
either on the way to the mill or upon arrival at the mill.
557:
thickness. This was often done by following a chalkline.
1241:
Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology
1128:
Bulletin of the Association for Preservation Technology
744:
Oregon Mill using energy efficient ponding to move logs
219:
After trees are selected for harvest, the next step in
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International Federation of Building and Wood Workers
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1368:(2002), "Machines, Power and the Ancient Economy",
544:Prior to the invention of the sawmill, boards were
511:. Marble sawmills also seem to be indicated by the
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706:In addition, the use of steam or gasoline-powered
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548:and planed, or more often sawn by two men with a
425:in California, where gold was first found in 1848
234:Branches are cut off the trunk. This is known as
146:below. The earliest known mechanical mill is the
1312:Bautechnik im antiken und vorantiken Kleinasien
1263:"RitchieSpecs Equipment Specs & Dimensions"
717:, South Carolina, using logs floated down the
710:also allowed the entire sawmill to be mobile.
3136:
1455:
37:"Sawmills" redirects here. For the town, see
8:
1358:Lumber Manufacture in the Douglas Fir Region
1252:Edwardian Farm: Roy Hebdige's mobile sawmill
552:, using saddleblocks to hold the log, and a
564:to mechanical power, generally driven by a
309:squares the ends at typical lumber lengths.
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1690:
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70:Early 20th-century sawmill, maintained at
1042:. Western Wood Products Association. 2002
333:transports the finished lumber to market.
2970:Building and Wood Workers' International
1411:Nineteenth-century sawmill demonstration
922:Sawmill workers posing with saw blades,
43:
1027:
813:
27:Facility where logs are cut into lumber
4220:Economic history of the Dutch Republic
1226:
1224:
1089:
790:and related products, or used to heat
363:. The 3rd-century mill incorporated a
150:, a Roman water-powered stone mill at
4225:Industrial history of the Netherlands
1360:, Chicago: Commercial Journal Company
958:Logs at sawmill at Manitoulin Island
291:into multiple flitches and/or boards.
259:Debarking removes bark from the logs.
7:
3105:
1281:"Reap the Profits of Mobile Milling"
529:Sawmills later became widespread in
4068:
3095:
2955:American Association of Woodturners
875:A preserved water powered sawmill,
835:Wood traveling on sawmill machinery
1344:, vol. 20, pp. 138–163,
655:logs were floated down to them by
636:Cornelis Corneliszoon van Uitgeest
560:Early sawmills simply adapted the
25:
3417:Global Forest Information Service
2985:National Wood Carvers Association
1167:www.familienverband-tritschler.de
199:, creating a diverse offering of
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4137:
4123:
4109:
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2960:Architectural Woodwork Institute
1075:Ritti, Grewe & Kessener 2007
1063:Ritti, Grewe & Kessener 2007
951:
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1374:, vol. 92, pp. 1–32,
721:from as far as the edge of the
608:by recruiting skilled men from
2965:British Woodworking Federation
1416:Database of worldwide sawmills
1406:The basics of sawmill (German)
859:A sawmill in Armata, on mount
1:
2975:Caricature Carvers of America
408:
403:A sawmill in the interior of
169:Atlantic Coast Lumber Company
142:, one above and another in a
57:
1371:The Journal of Roman Studies
1342:Journal of Roman Archaeology
847:Sawdust waste from the mill
435:water-powered stone sawmill
391:" a wind driven sawmill in
4246:
3528:Growth and yield modelling
36:
29:
4102:Earth sciences portal
4088:Climate change portal
4063:
3669:Great Green Wall (Africa)
3158:
3080:
2990:Society of Wood Engravers
2169:
1350:10.1017/S1047759400005341
533:, as one was sketched by
343:Pre–Industrial Revolution
4230:Wood-related terminology
4200:Ancient Roman technology
3674:Great Green Wall (China)
3247:Close to nature forestry
1109:II (Oxford 1956), 643-4.
215:exits on the other end.
39:Sawmills, North Carolina
32:Sawmill (disambiguation)
3708:Million Tree Initiative
1401:Steam powered saw mills
1243:7(3) (1975), pp. 79-89.
907:, France, near 1840 by
891:Making planks from logs
4130:Environment portal
3562:Sustainable management
3457:Trillion Tree Campaign
3067:Frameless construction
2148:Wood-plastic composite
1356:Oakleaf, H.B. (1920),
1036:"Lumber Manufacturing"
745:
695:
624:
426:
421:Modern reconstruction
414:
396:
380:
372:
75:
63:
49:
4055:Wood process engineer
3759:Urban forest inequity
1107:History of Technology
804:oriented strand board
770:A trend is the small
743:
723:Appalachian Mountains
685:
650:Industrial Revolution
622:
535:Villard de Honnecourt
420:
402:
386:
378:
350:
177:Appalachian Mountains
164:Industrial Revolution
69:
56:An American sawmill,
55:
47:
3718:Shifting cultivation
3659:Forest fragmentation
3629:Carbon sequestration
3499:Woodland Carbon Code
3464:Forest certification
3372:Even-aged management
3287:Sustainable forestry
2995:Timber Framers Guild
1849:Australian Blackwood
1267:www.ritchiespecs.com
1123:Peterson, Charles E.
924:Rainy River District
760:) capacity is up to
698:The introduction of
476:(in Asia Minor) and
353:water-driven sawmill
94:is a facility where
30:For other uses, see
3523:Formally designated
3367:Ecological thinning
3277:Plantation forestry
3185:Research institutes
2715:Hammer-headed tenon
2234:Janka hardness test
449:, then part of the
162:By the time of the
4215:Timber preparation
4116:Ecology portal
3649:Forest degradation
3644:Ecosystem services
3252:Community forestry
1576:Japanese carpentry
1436:, Skerry, New York
1434:L. Cass Bowen Mill
1428:Reynolds Bros Mill
1421:2017-08-20 at the
1214:2011-07-04 at the
1196:2006-10-06 at the
1077:, pp. 149–153
746:
696:
625:
497:topographical poem
431:Hierapolis sawmill
427:
415:
397:
381:
373:
241:Logs are taken by
213:dimensional lumber
148:Hierapolis sawmill
138:by two men with a
108:"portable" sawmill
104:dimensional lumber
76:
64:
50:
4187:
4186:
4144:Plants portal
3930:green woodworking
3118:
3117:
3072:Green woodworking
2929:Wood preservation
2857:
2856:
2760:Tongue and groove
2740:Mortise and tenon
2629:
2628:
2327:Warrington hammer
2156:
2155:
1844:African Blackwood
1636:Segmented turning
1325:978-975-8072-23-1
1287:. 21 January 2016
938:Sawmill with the
792:wood-drying kilns
16:(Redirected from
4237:
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4158:Trees portal
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3792:Forest gardening
3749:Timber recycling
3696:Invasive species
3584:Tree measurement
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2307:Thickness planer
2167:
1961:(lime, basswood)
1691:
1551:Chainsaw carving
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772:portable sawmill
708:traction engines
694:, Finland, 1890s
591:Baltic countries
516:Gregory of Nyssa
499:about the river
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3886:Christmas trees
3768:
3684:Illegal logging
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3325:Controlled burn
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3282:Social forestry
3262:Energy forestry
3242:Bamboo forestry
3237:Analog forestry
3211:
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3062:Frame and panel
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2685:Crown of thorns
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2249:Milling machine
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2113:Cross-laminated
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1651:Spindle turning
1641:Shingle weaving
1611:Pallet crafting
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1423:Wayback Machine
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513:Christian saint
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231:them to length.
227:the trees, and
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207:Sawmill process
201:forest products
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2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:Organizations
2946:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Steam bending
2902:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:French polish
2872:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2864:
2860:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2810:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:Rabbet/Rebate
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2730:Mason's mitre
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2639:
2636:
2632:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2576:Jointer plane
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2546:Compass plane
2544:
2542:
2541:Chamfer plane
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:Bedrock plane
2529:
2528:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2398:
2396:
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2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2353:
2349:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2317:Veneer hammer
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2229:Impact driver
2227:
2225:
2222:
2220:
2217:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2045:Red Quebracho
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1984:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1950:
1947:
1945:
1942:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1732:
1729:
1727:
1724:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1710:
1709:
1704:
1701:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1692:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1672:
1669:
1667:
1664:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1579:
1577:
1574:
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1521:Bow and arrow
1519:
1517:
1516:Boat building
1514:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1458:
1453:
1451:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1435:
1432:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1343:
1338:
1335:on 2011-05-11
1331:
1327:
1321:
1314:
1313:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1286:
1285:Trees 2 Money
1282:
1276:
1273:
1268:
1264:
1258:
1255:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1236:
1233:
1227:
1225:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1210:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1191:
1184:
1181:
1168:
1164:
1158:
1155:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:(2): 84–153.
1134:
1130:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1068:
1065:, p. 161
1064:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1041:
1040:Lumber Basics
1037:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
968:
963:
954:
949:
945:
941:
940:floating logs
934:
929:
925:
918:
913:
910:
906:
899:
894:
887:
882:
878:
871:
866:
862:
855:
850:
843:
838:
831:
826:
819:
814:
809:
807:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
788:particleboard
785:
782:
776:
773:
768:
765:
763:
759:
755:
751:
742:
735:
733:
730:
728:
724:
720:
719:Pee Dee River
716:
711:
709:
704:
701:
693:
689:
686:A sawmill of
684:
680:
678:
674:
670:
666:
660:
658:
649:
647:
645:
642:to convert a
641:
637:
633:
630:
621:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
602:United States
598:
596:
592:
587:
583:
579:
577:
576:
571:
567:
563:
558:
555:
551:
547:
546:rived (split)
542:
540:
536:
532:
527:
525:
521:
517:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
479:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
424:
423:Sutter's mill
419:
406:
401:
394:
390:
389:De Salamander
385:
377:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
349:
342:
337:
332:
329:
326:
323:
321:or air-dried.
320:
316:
315:
311:
308:
305:
302:
298:
297:
293:
290:
286:
282:
279:
275:
271:
268:
264:
261:
258:
255:
251:
248:
244:
243:logging truck
240:
237:
233:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:
216:
214:
206:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
173:Pee Dee River
170:
165:
160:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
124:rived (split)
122:ways, either
121:
116:
114:
109:
105:
101:
98:are cut into
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
73:
68:
54:
46:
40:
33:
19:
4149:
4135:
4121:
4107:
4093:
4079:
4072:
4050:Tree planter
4030:Resin tapper
4010:Truck driver
4005:River driver
3821:
3754:Tree hugging
3739:
3722:
3689:timber mafia
3679:High grading
3664:Ghost forest
3634:Clearcutting
3557:Silviculture
3533:Horticulture
3377:Fire ecology
3292:Urban forest
3267:Mycoforestry
3227:
3223:Agroforestry
3204:
3197:
3190:
3183:
3176:
3171:Forest areas
3169:
3162:
3020:
2879:Heat bending
2824:Edge banding
2596:Router plane
2591:Rebate plane
2551:Finger plane
2282:
1986:
1980:
1960:
1954:Lignum vitae
1712:
1706:
1671:Wood carving
1646:Shipbuilding
1631:Root carving
1591:Log building
1556:Chip carving
1369:
1357:
1341:
1330:the original
1311:
1289:. Retrieved
1284:
1275:
1266:
1257:
1248:
1240:
1235:
1204:
1189:
1183:
1171:. Retrieved
1166:
1157:
1132:
1126:
1106:
1102:
1097:
1092:, p. 16
1070:
1044:. Retrieved
1039:
1030:
976:Circular saw
800:wood pellets
777:
769:
766:
750:computerized
747:
731:
712:
705:
697:
688:Naistenlahti
677:circular saw
672:
668:
661:
653:
626:
599:
588:
584:
580:
573:
559:
543:
528:
524:Roman Empire
486:
463:
451:Roman Empire
445:(modern-day
428:
393:Leidschendam
388:
330:
324:
313:
306:
295:
262:
245:, rail or a
235:
210:
197:wood pellets
161:
117:
91:
87:
83:
79:
77:
4074:WikiProject
3998:smokejumper
3978:Firefighter
3941:Occupations
3925:Woodworking
3506:Forestation
3437:restoration
3392:informatics
3257:Ecoforestry
3100:WikiProject
3046:Rift sawing
3036:Flat sawing
2924:Wood drying
2601:Scrub plane
2586:Razee plane
2536:Block plane
2390:Mitre clamp
2337:Wood scribe
2288:Combination
2030:Purpleheart
1726:Douglas fir
1676:Woodturning
1509:Occupations
1471:Woodworking
1230:Oakleaf p.8
1169:(in German)
1090:Wilson 2002
1016:Wood drying
996:Lumber yard
986:Log bucking
926:, 1900–1909
903:Sawmill in
700:steam power
657:log drivers
572:known as a
566:water wheel
461:mechanism.
412: 1900
92:lumber mill
61: 1920
4194:Categories
4020:Lumberjack
4015:Log scaler
3898:engineered
3849:non-timber
3822:sawmilling
3774:Industries
3741:svedjebruk
3452:transition
3432:protection
3422:old-growth
3407:governance
3362:Dendrology
3312:management
3178:Ministries
3055:Techniques
3004:Conversion
2934:Wood stain
2862:Treatments
2650:Birdsmouth
2616:Spokeshave
2566:Jack plane
2556:Fore plane
2395:Pipe clamp
2360:Band clamp
2284:Carpenters
2105:Engineered
2055:Rubberwood
1904:Eucalyptus
1708:Calocedrus
1621:Pyrography
1586:Kohlrosing
1291:2016-03-10
1101:C. Singer
1046:2008-02-12
1023:References
754:board-foot
715:Georgetown
640:crankshaft
575:pitman arm
466:gear train
443:Asia Minor
439:Hierapolis
371:mechanism.
361:Asia Minor
357:Hierapolis
289:gang edger
156:Asia Minor
152:Hierapolis
3968:Ecologist
3881:Tree farm
3782:Coppicing
3724:chitemene
3624:Acid rain
3572:allometry
3494:SmartWood
3442:secondary
3427:pathology
3402:inventory
3340:driftwood
3206:Arbor Day
2844:Parquetry
2839:Oystering
2834:Marquetry
2675:Butterfly
2342:Workbench
2274:Sandpaper
2254:Mitre box
2199:Drawknife
2189:Burnisher
2174:Abrasives
2123:Hardboard
1784:Afromosia
1666:Whittling
1616:Parquetry
1601:Marquetry
1546:Certosina
1541:Carpentry
1531:Cabinetry
1478:Overviews
946:, Finland
879:, England
470:Byzantine
405:Australia
269:, chips).
252:Logs are
247:log drive
193:woodchips
181:expensive
175:from the
136:hand sawn
74:, Arizona
4205:Sawmills
4169:Category
3983:handcrew
3953:Arborist
3948:Forester
3908:mahogany
3854:palm oil
3844:charcoal
3829:Products
3764:Wildfire
3577:breeding
3538:GM trees
3387:dynamics
3199:Journals
3192:Colleges
3152:Forestry
3090:Category
2869:Adhesive
2849:Purfling
2829:Intarsia
2770:Profiles
2695:Dovetail
2634:Geometry
2473:Hand saw
2458:Crosscut
2443:Circular
2438:Chainsaw
2385:Holdfast
2050:Rosewood
1982:American
1977:Mahogany
1949:Jelutong
1919:Hornbeam
1884:Cocobolo
1879:Chestnut
1794:Andiroba
1606:Millwork
1571:Intarsia
1566:Fretwork
1561:Ébéniste
1490:Glossary
1419:Archived
1212:Archived
1194:Archived
1011:Sawfiler
971:Band saw
964:See also
861:Smolikas
796:barkdust
665:sawfiler
644:windmill
632:windmill
606:Virginia
520:Anatolia
493:Ausonius
331:Shipping
307:Trimming
278:head saw
113:chainsaw
88:saw-mill
84:saw mill
18:Sawmills
4179:Outline
3993:lookout
3988:hotshot
3869:tanbark
3839:biomass
3834:biochar
3812:plywood
3797:Logging
3701:wilding
3350:log jam
3307:Ecology
3110:Commons
3026:Whipsaw
3021:Sawmill
2914:Varnish
2909:Thermal
2884:Lacquer
2819:Binding
2788:Chamfer
2655:Biscuit
2621:Surform
2513:Whipsaw
2483:Keyhole
2468:Fretsaw
2448:Compass
2433:Bucksaw
2423:Bandsaw
2418:Backsaw
2400:Sawbuck
2370:F-clamp
2365:C-clamp
2239:Jointer
2143:Plywood
2095:Zebrano
2035:Ovankol
2000:Meranti
1988:African
1959:Linden
1914:Hickory
1869:Cedrela
1864:Camphor
1859:Bubinga
1854:Boxwood
1834:Bilinga
1819:Avodire
1736:Juniper
1721:Cypress
1596:Luthier
1485:History
1388:3184857
1302:Sources
1190:De Hoop
1149:1493399
1006:Saw pit
991:Logging
877:Norfolk
810:Gallery
781:conical
692:Tampere
614:England
610:Hamburg
600:In the
562:whipsaw
554:saw pit
550:whipsaw
539:Madeira
505:Germany
501:Moselle
478:Ephesus
472:cities
338:History
325:Planing
276:uses a
267:plywood
263:Decking
236:limbing
229:bucking
225:felling
221:logging
185:sawdust
144:saw pit
140:whipsaw
106:). The
80:sawmill
4025:Ranger
3973:Feller
3958:Bucker
3864:rubber
3807:lumber
3617:topics
3604:volume
3599:height
3545:i-Tree
3382:Forest
3335:coarse
3330:Debris
3229:dehesa
3016:Hewing
2755:Splice
2710:Halved
2705:Groove
2700:Finger
2680:Coping
2665:Bridle
2642:Joints
2523:Planes
2508:Veneer
2498:Scroll
2493:Ripsaw
2478:Jigsaw
2453:Coping
2352:Clamps
2279:Square
2269:Shaper
2264:Router
2244:Mallet
2219:Gimlet
2194:Chisel
2090:Willow
2080:Walnut
2070:Totara
2060:Sapele
2025:Poplar
2010:Padauk
1972:Merbau
1944:Jarrah
1929:Imbuia
1924:Idigbo
1889:Cumaru
1874:Cherry
1799:Anigre
1761:Spruce
1714:Cedrus
1581:Khatam
1536:Caning
1499:lumber
1386:
1322:
1173:May 8,
1147:
1103:et at.
981:Hewing
905:Luchon
673:hammer
634:owner
595:Canada
509:marble
491:poet,
474:Gerasa
447:Turkey
314:Drying
301:lumber
296:Edging
274:sawyer
254:scaled
195:, and
128:planed
120:manual
100:lumber
72:Jerome
3859:rayon
3594:girth
3589:crown
3550:urban
3447:stand
3355:slash
3345:large
3216:Types
3164:Index
2894:Paint
2803:Ovolo
2798:Ogive
2783:Bevel
2750:Scarf
2735:Miter
2503:Table
2488:Miter
2463:Frame
2380:Gripe
2296:Speed
2292:Miter
2224:Gauge
2214:Float
2209:Fence
2204:Drill
2162:Tools
2085:Wenge
2075:Utile
2040:Ramin
1995:Maple
1967:Lovoa
1939:Iroko
1909:Hazel
1894:Ebony
1839:Birch
1829:Beech
1824:Balsa
1814:Aspen
1809:Apple
1789:Alder
1746:Kauri
1741:Larch
1703:Cedar
1686:Woods
1661:Treen
1384:JSTOR
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1316:(PDF)
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762:CAN$
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629:Dutch
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482:Syria
455:crank
365:crank
319:kilns
287:or a
285:resaw
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4210:Saws
3918:teak
3903:fuel
3893:Wood
3713:REDD
3567:Tree
3484:PEFC
3469:ATFS
2793:Ogee
2778:Bead
2720:Knee
2690:Dado
2670:Butt
2410:Saws
2322:Vise
2259:Rasp
2184:Adze
2065:Teak
2020:Plum
2015:Pear
1776:Hard
1756:Rimu
1751:Pine
1695:Soft
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1320:ISBN
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627:The
593:and
480:(in
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433:, a
429:The
367:and
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132:hewn
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96:logs
3489:SFI
3479:FSC
3474:CFS
3412:law
3397:IPM
3309:and
2919:Wax
2889:Oil
2725:Lap
2660:Box
2428:Bow
2300:Try
2179:Axe
2133:OSB
2128:MDF
2005:Oak
1934:Ipê
1899:Elm
1804:Ash
1766:Yew
1731:Fir
1376:doi
1346:doi
1137:doi
942:in
758:day
725:in
690:in
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503:in
484:).
437:at
355:at
223:is
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