29:
758:
376:
Indian department replies that the inscription is not preserved in better condition. Some letters are peeled off and some are worn out. Only few letters in lines 6 and 7 are well preserved. The Indian department reveals that the inscription is engraved in early Nagari characters, retaining some of the features of
Siddhamatrika or Kutila scripts.
193:
However, at least one subsequent analysis does not agree with some of the initial readings. According to Bee Htaw Monzel, the slabs were indeed founded by Saw Lu and mainly inscribed in
Burmese, Pyu, Mon and Pali, and a few lines of Sanskrit. His analysis finds that the Mon and Pyu versions state 441
375:
As of April 2014, about 60 percent of the tablets had been deciphered. They have deciphered all of the Mon and Pali text and about 10 percent of Pyu. A copy of text in the Nagari writing system used in northern India and Nepal has been sent to the
Archaeological Survey of India for deciphering. The
399:
It is unclear how Bee Htaw Monzel (Bee Htaw Monzel 2014: 21) came up with
Wednesday, full moon of Pyatho 441 ME from his own reading of year 441, 10th month, 3rd day. His analysis does not explain where he got the full moon day or how the 3rd day could be translated as Wednesday. At any rate, the
165:
on 17 November 2013 and a fourth piece was found on 27 November 2013. A fifth piece is still missing. The found four pieces were rejoined and currently stands in Petaw monastery. The slab size is 1.75 metres (5.7 ft) in height, and 1.06 metres (3.5 ft) in breadth.
344:
the Tai/Shan speakers were sufficiently prominent in the early Pagan period that their script was used in a royal inscription. This contradicts the current understanding that Shan speakers moved in en masse to Kachin and Shan hills only in the mid-to-late 13th
421:
is considered "the most accurate of all
Burmese chronicles, particularly with regard to the best-known Pagan and Ava kings, many of whose dates have been corroborated by epigraphy."
216:
Whether the inscription was inscribed in 1079 CE (or 1052 as initially reported), if the readings are confirmed, the inscription appears to be the earliest evidence of the
337:, believed to be derived from Khmer in 1293, by over 240 years. Moreover, it would mean the Tai-Yuan or the Gon/Khun script existed 240 years prior to the founding of the
1362:
746:
277:(both in present-day Thailand) is presumably earlier than the 11th century but so far there is no evidence to prove any linkage between the two Mon scripts.)
364:, the father of Saw Lu. But the claims of the chronicles, which were written centuries after Anawrahta's time, are not accepted by mainstream scholarship.)
404:, 9 December 1079. If the 3rd day were read as the 3rd day of the month, the date would be the 3rd waxing of Pyatho 441 ME (Wednesday, 27 November 1079).
227:(25 March 1053 to 25 March 1054 CE) as the date of the inscription's foundation would have upended the current understanding of the early Pagan period.
304:
chronicle, which says Saw Lu reigned between 1035 and 1061, would be correct with respect to Saw Lu's reign. Currently, mainstream scholarship accepts
258:
in India—is dated to 1035 CE. According to a recast stone inscription from the late 18th century, the
Burmese alphabet was already in use by 984 CE.)
204:
The king dedicated the reconstructed pagoda on
Wednesday, full moon of Pyatho 441 ME (unexplained translation of year 441, 10th month, 3rd day);
578:
207:
The king donated a statue of the Buddha in the size of the king's own body along with 10 persons, oxen and paddy fields to care for the pagoda
676:
174:
The initial readings of the slabs threatened to upend the current understanding of Pagan-era dates. The initial reports claimed that King
1387:
1331:
863:
657:
551:
1372:
739:
487:
1377:
1382:
1283:
417:
dates line up with
Anawrahta's inscriptionally verified accession date of 1044 CE. (Aung-Thwin 2005: 121–123): In general,
379:
What has been translated so far describes the donation of a monastery, Maha
Anuruda Deva Rama, by King Saw Lu and his wife
182:(1053/54 CE), presumably as its inscription date. Moreover, the initial reports conjectured that the fifth script might be
284:
If 1053/54 proves to be the inscription date, and if it was inscribed during Saw Lu's reign as king, it would mean that:
1298:
1367:
1357:
878:
868:
732:
126:
1288:
451:
311:
dates, which agree with
Myazedi's dates, as the most authoritative chronicle for the early Pagan period chronology.
1245:
1250:
201:
King Saw Lu reconstructed the recently ravaged pagoda in Myittha, which was originally built by his grandfather;
935:
1192:
291:
King Saw Lu was already reigning in 1053/1054 as opposed to the currently accepted reign date of 1077/78–1084.
1230:
1197:
1162:
1336:
1268:
1177:
1041:
1036:
978:
794:
319:
183:
1293:
1187:
1182:
1172:
1031:
1026:
968:
883:
704:
669:
Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in Global Context, c. 800–1830, volume 1, Integration on the Mainland
1326:
1278:
1167:
1046:
873:
805:
186:, Gon (Khun or Kengtung) Shan, over two centuries earlier than the earliest known evidence of a Tai-
1316:
1240:
963:
953:
858:
243:
323:
254:(Myanmar). (The earliest known inscription of Burmese—the copper-gilt umbrella inscription of the
1308:
1260:
1220:
1207:
1154:
1131:
1099:
1089:
1056:
998:
988:
945:
915:
902:
893:
853:
845:
770:
762:
306:
295:
217:
55:
194:
as the year of inscription, and that the Pyu version also gives the 10th month and the 3rd day.
28:
1235:
1273:
831:
757:
672:
653:
1074:
341:
kingdom in 1292. Most of the Shan scripts came into existence in the late 16th century only.
255:
239:
224:
179:
158:
122:
113:
105:
91:
71:
1107:
1011:
925:
790:
717:
162:
1225:
1084:
1079:
1016:
973:
800:
1351:
1117:
1112:
1069:
1021:
983:
910:
146:
134:
1215:
1144:
1139:
1064:
1006:
930:
920:
826:
821:
785:
300:
274:
130:
352:'s realm encompassed Kengtung and Chiang Mai regions could be reconsidered. (Both
958:
334:
187:
197:
Bee Htaw Monzel's translation of the extant inscriptions can be summarized as:
266:
724:
380:
361:
349:
270:
688:
The Imperial and Asiatic Quarterly Review and Oriental and Colonial Record
488:"Discovery Could Fill Out Historical Record on Little-Known Burmese King"
138:
220:. (The currently accepted date of the earliest Burmese-Mon is 1093 CE.)
141:. According to an early analysis, the stele was founded in 1079 by King
118:
265:
script. The earliest evidence of the predecessor script to the modern
338:
175:
142:
67:
696:
623:
413:(Maha Yazawin 2006: 346–349): Among the four major chronicles, only
298:
are incorrect about the chronology of early Pagan kings. Only the
251:
728:
652:(illustrated ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
452:"Ancient stone inscription found in Myittha | Eleven News"
697:"Myittha Slab Inscription of King Sawlu (Bajrâbhara ṇadeva)"
537:
535:
533:
531:
250:
1112/1113), one of the oldest known stone inscriptions in
242:. Its inscription date would be 60 years earlier than the
231:
If 1053/54 proves to be the inscription date, it would be:
157:
Three broken slabs of the inscription were discovered in
333:
it would be the oldest, Tai/Shan script, predating the
117:) is one of the oldest surviving stone inscriptions in
326:, is confirmed to be an early form of Tai-Shan script,
650:
The mists of Rāmañña: The Legend that was Lower Burma
579:"Set in stone: Myanmar asks for help decoding tablet"
178:
founded the inscription. They contained the year 415
47:
1.75 metres (5.7 ft) x 1.06 metres (3.5 ft)
1307:
1259:
1206:
1153:
1130:
1098:
1055:
997:
944:
901:
892:
844:
814:
778:
769:
686:Oriental Institute; East India Association (1900).
87:
77:
61:
51:
43:
35:
21:
690:. London and Working, England: Oriental Institute.
572:
570:
568:
348:Burmese and northern Thai chronicles' claim that
318:If the fifth script, currently speculated as the
446:
444:
442:
440:
438:
238:One of the earliest extant inscriptions of the
740:
8:
360:chronicles say their rulers paid tribute to
400:full moon of Pyatho 441 ME would have been
898:
775:
747:
733:
725:
322:, Gon (Khun or Kengtung) Shan or an early
27:
18:
624:"Myittha Slab Inscription of King Saw Lu"
552:"Mysterious language stumps researchers"
294:The Myazedi inscription and most of the
269:is dated to 1093 CE. (The Mon script of
223:Furthermore, the initial reading of 415
481:
479:
477:
434:
392:
1363:Earliest known manuscripts by language
713:
702:
1284:Hanthawaddy Hsinbyumyashin Hpyat-hton
121:. The slabs were mainly inscribed in
112:
81:17 November 2013 (first 3 fragments)
7:
14:
1332:Shwezigon Pagoda Bell Inscription
1299:Manu Wunnana Shwe Myin Dhammathat
864:Hanthawaddy Hsinbyushin Ayedawbon
541:Aung-Thwin 2005: 167–178, 197–200
756:
1289:Manu Thara Shwe Myin Dhammathat
454:. Elevenmyanmar.com. 2013-12-14
83:27 November 2013 (4th fragment)
671:. Cambridge University Press.
1:
695:Bee Htaw Monzel, Nai (2014).
667:Lieberman, Victor B. (2003).
261:The earliest instance of the
247:
1337:Kuthodaw Pagoda Inscriptions
1246:Myanmar Min Okchokpon Sa-dan
648:Aung-Thwin, Michael (2005).
1251:Shwenanthon Wawhara Abhidan
879:Nyaungyan Mintaya Ayedawbon
869:Alaung Mintayagyi Ayedawbon
525:Bee Htaw Monzel 2014: 20–21
1404:
114:[sɔ́lúmɪ́ɴtɕaʊʔsà]
1388:11th-century inscriptions
806:Hmannan Yazawin, Part III
554:. Mmtimes.com. 2013-12-22
486:Zarni Mann (2014-01-15).
109:
26:
16:Burmese stone inscription
1208:Administrative treatises
1193:Dhanyawaddy Naing Mawgun
936:Myauk Nan Kyaung Yazawin
801:Hmannan Yazawin, Part II
516:Bee Htaw Monzel 2014: 18
507:Bee Htaw Monzel 2014: 20
1373:Inscriptions of Myanmar
1231:Wawhara Linathta Dipani
1198:Minzet Yazawin Thanbauk
1163:Rakhine Minthami Eigyin
603:Lieberman 2003: 114–115
471:Bee Htaw Monzel 2014: 2
65:November/December 1079
1378:Burmese Buddhist texts
1269:Alaungsithu Hpyat-hton
1042:Maha Razawin (Saya Me)
1037:Mizzimadetha Ayedawbon
979:Mon Yazawin (Shwe Naw)
795:Glass Palace Chronicle
712:Cite journal requires
612:Oriental 1900: 375–376
1383:Buddhist inscriptions
1178:Shwe Sa-daing Hsindaw
1032:Dhanyawaddy Ayedawbon
1027:Rakhine Razawin Haung
884:Hsinbyushin Ayedawbon
846:Biographic chronicles
622:Nai Bee Htaw Monzel.
137:, and a few lines in
1327:Kalyani Inscriptions
1322:Sawlumin inscription
1309:Notable inscriptions
1132:Religious chronicles
1047:Rakhine Razawin Thit
874:Alaungpaya Ayedawbon
415:Zatadawbon Yazawin's
102:Sawlumin inscription
22:Sawlumin inscription
1317:Myazedi Inscription
1294:Manu Kye Dhammathat
1188:Yodaya Naing Mawgun
1183:Minye Deibba Eigyin
1155:Chronicles in verse
964:Nidana Arambhakatha
954:Razadarit Ayedawbon
894:Regional chronicles
859:Razadarit Ayedawbon
779:Standard chronicles
771:National chronicles
244:Myazedi inscription
110:စောလူးမင်း ကျောက်စာ
1368:Multilingual texts
1358:Culture of Myanmar
1173:Thakin Htwe Eigyin
1090:Mong Yawng Yazawin
989:Pak Lat Chronicles
916:Pagan Yazawin Thit
854:Zatadawbon Yazawin
763:Burmese chronicles
307:Zatadawbon Yazawin
296:Burmese chronicles
218:Burmese-Mon script
56:Mon-Burmese script
1345:
1344:
1274:Wareru Dhammathat
1126:
1125:
840:
839:
832:Maha Yazawin Kyaw
678:978-0-521-80496-7
98:
97:
1395:
1075:Kengtung Yazawin
899:
776:
761:
760:
749:
742:
735:
726:
721:
715:
710:
708:
700:
691:
682:
663:
635:
634:
632:
630:
619:
613:
610:
604:
601:
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594:
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577:Shwegu Thitsar.
574:
563:
562:
560:
559:
548:
542:
539:
526:
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517:
514:
508:
505:
499:
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495:
483:
472:
469:
463:
462:
460:
459:
448:
422:
411:
405:
397:
256:Mahabodhi Temple
249:
240:Burmese alphabet
170:Initial analyses
159:Myittha Township
116:
111:
88:Present location
31:
19:
1403:
1402:
1398:
1397:
1396:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1341:
1303:
1279:Dhammathat Kyaw
1255:
1202:
1168:Pyay Zon Mawgun
1149:
1122:
1108:Pawtugi Yazawin
1094:
1051:
1012:Rakhine Razawin
993:
940:
926:Toungoo Yazawin
888:
836:
815:Other nationals
810:
791:Hmannan Yazawin
765:
755:
753:
711:
701:
694:
685:
679:
666:
660:
647:
644:
639:
638:
628:
626:
621:
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616:
611:
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602:
598:
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586:
585:. 24 April 2014
576:
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491:
490:. Irrawaddy.org
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436:
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214:
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163:Mandalay Region
155:
82:
66:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1265:
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1257:
1256:
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1253:
1248:
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1238:
1233:
1228:
1226:Mani Yadanabon
1223:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1159:
1157:
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1147:
1142:
1136:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1124:
1123:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1104:
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1087:
1085:Hsipaw Yazawin
1082:
1080:Hsenwi Yazawin
1077:
1072:
1067:
1061:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1050:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1017:Inzauk Razawin
1014:
1009:
1003:
1001:
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
974:Slapat Rajawan
971:
966:
961:
956:
950:
948:
942:
941:
939:
938:
933:
928:
923:
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834:
829:
824:
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788:
782:
780:
773:
767:
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754:
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737:
729:
723:
722:
714:|journal=
692:
683:
677:
664:
658:
643:
640:
637:
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614:
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527:
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500:
473:
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372:
371:Current status
369:
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365:
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342:
328:
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24:
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15:
13:
10:
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6:
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3:
2:
1400:
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1267:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1261:Law treatises
1258:
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1241:Shwebon Nidan
1239:
1237:
1234:
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1119:
1118:Myeik Yazawin
1116:
1114:
1113:Dawei Yazawin
1111:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1103:
1101:
1100:Miscellaneous
1097:
1091:
1088:
1086:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1071:
1070:Zinme Yazawin
1068:
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1062:
1060:
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1054:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
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1022:Razawin Linka
1020:
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1008:
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1004:
1002:
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984:Lik Amin Asah
982:
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943:
937:
934:
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927:
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919:
917:
914:
912:
911:Pagan Yazawin
909:
908:
906:
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897:
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891:
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659:9780824828868
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324:Nāgarī script
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147:Pagan (Bagan)
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1321:
1216:Zabu Kun-Cha
1145:Sasana Vamsa
1140:Yazawin Kyaw
1065:Jinakalamali
1007:Maha Razawin
931:Pyay Yazawin
921:Inwa Yazawin
827:Yazawin Thit
822:Yazawin Kyaw
786:Maha Yazawin
705:cite journal
687:
668:
649:
642:Bibliography
627:. Retrieved
617:
608:
599:
587:. Retrieved
582:
556:. Retrieved
546:
521:
512:
503:
492:. Retrieved
467:
456:. Retrieved
418:
414:
409:
401:
395:
378:
374:
357:
353:
305:
301:Maha Yazawin
299:
262:
222:
215:
212:Significance
196:
192:
173:
156:
101:
99:
1221:Lawka Byuha
1057:Shan states
959:Mon Yazawin
903:Upper Burma
629:4 September
583:Mmtimes.com
358:Chaing Saen
335:Thai script
275:Haripunjaya
188:Shan script
1352:Categories
558:2014-04-14
494:2014-04-14
458:2014-04-14
354:Chiang Mai
267:Mon script
78:Discovered
1236:Yazawwada
969:Gavampati
381:Manicanda
362:Anawrahta
350:Anawrahta
271:Dvaravati
263:Burma Mon
153:Discovery
94:, Myanmar
345:century.
320:Tai-Yuan
184:Tai-Yuan
139:Sanskrit
36:Material
946:Ramanya
429:Sources
123:Burmese
119:Myanmar
106:Burmese
92:Myittha
62:Created
52:Writing
999:Arakan
675:
656:
589:17 May
402:Monday
339:Lan Na
176:Saw Lu
143:Saw Lu
68:Pyatho
387:Notes
252:Burma
39:Stone
718:help
673:ISBN
654:ISBN
631:2014
591:2014
419:Zata
356:and
135:Pali
133:and
100:The
70:441
44:Size
273:or
145:of
131:Mon
127:Pyu
1354::
709::
707:}}
703:{{
581:.
567:^
530:^
476:^
437:^
383:.
309:'s
248:c.
225:ME
190:.
180:ME
161:,
149:.
129:,
125:,
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72:ME
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793:(
748:e
741:t
734:v
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461:.
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