482:. The satellites send the signals back down to radio receivers in cars and homes. This signal contains scrambled broadcasts, along with meta data about each specific broadcast. The signals are unscrambled by the radio receiver modules, which display the broadcast information. In urban areas, ground repeaters enable signals to be available even if the satellite signal is blocked. The technology allows for nationwide broadcasting, so that, for instance US listeners can hear the same stations anywhere in the country.
734:
channels means that the quality on some channels must be reduced. Both the frequency response and the dynamic range of satellite channels can be superior to most, but not all AM or FM radio stations, as most AM and FM stations clip the audio peaks to sound louder; even the worst channels are still superior to most AM radios, but a very few AM tuners are equal to or better than the best FM or satellite broadcasts when tuned to a local station, even if not capable of stereo. The use of
368:
States on July 1, 2002. The two companies spent over $ 3 billion combined to develop satellite radio technology, build and launch the satellites, and for various other business expenses. Stating that it was the only way satellite radio could survive, Sirius and XM announced their merger on
February 19, 2007, becoming Sirius XM. The FCC approved the merger on July 25, 2008, concluding that it was not a monopoly, primarily due to Internet audio-streaming competition.
382:
2474:
43:
2486:
1398:
367:
XM’s first satellite was launched on March 18, 2001 and its second on May 8, 2001. Its first broadcast occurred on
September 25, 2001, nearly four months before Sirius. Sirius launched the initial phase of its service in four cities on February 14, 2002, expanding to the rest of the contiguous United
498:
As of
December 2020, SiriusXM had 34.7 million subscribers. This was primarily due to the company’s partnerships with automakers and car dealers. Roughly 60% of new cars sold come equipped with SiriusXM, and just under half of those units gain paid subscriptions. The company has long-term deals
346:
co-founder
Margolese, who had provided financial backing for the venture, acquired control of the company and succeeded Briskman. Margolese renamed the company CD Radio, and spent the next five years lobbying the FCC to allow satellite radio to be deployed, and the following five years raising $ 1.6
785:
regulates technical broadcast spectrum only. Program content is unregulated. However, the FCC has tried in the past to expand its reach to regulate content to satellite radio and cable television, and its options are still open to attempt such in the future. The FCC does issue licenses to SiriusXM,
363:
were unsuccessful in their bids for licenses. Sky
Highway Radio Corporation had also expressed interest in creating a satellite radio network, before being bought out by CD Radio in 1993 for $ 2 million. In November 1999, Margolese changed the name of CD Radio to Sirius Satellite Radio. In November
470:
Satellite radio subscribers purchase a receiver and pay a monthly subscription fee to listen to programming. They can listen through built-in or portable receivers in automobiles; in the home and office with a portable or tabletop receiver equipped to connect the receiver to a stereo system; or on
733:
The sound quality with both satellite radio providers and DTR providers varies with each channel. Some channels have near CD-quality audio, and others use low-bandwidth audio suitable only for speech. Since only a certain amount of bandwidth is available within the licenses available, adding more
490:
Satellite radio in the US offers commercial-free music stations, as well as news, sports, and talk, some of which include commercials. In 2004, satellite radio companies in the United States began providing background music to hotels, retail chains, restaurants, airlines and other businesses. On
256:, all founded in the 1990s in the United States. WorldSpace operated in the Africa and Asia region, whereas Sirius and XM competed in the North American (USA and Canada) market. Of the three companies, WorldSpace went bankrupt in 2009 and Sirius and XM merged in 2008 to form
260:. The merger was done to avoid bankruptcy. The new company had financial problems and was within days of bankruptcy in 2009, but was able to find investors. The company did not go bankrupt and Sirius XM Satellite radio continues (as of 2024) to operate.
491:
April 30, 2013, SiriusXM CEO Jim Meyer stated that the company would be pursuing opportunities over the next few years to provide in-car services through their existing satellites, including telematics (automated security and safety, such as stolen
306:
Onde Numérique was a French company which had proposed to launch a subscription-based satellite radio system to serve France and several other countries in
Western Europe but has suspended its plans indefinitely, effective December, 2016.
364:
2001, Margolese stepped down as CEO, remaining as chairman until
November 2003, with Sirius issuing a statement thanking him "for his great vision, leadership and dedication in creating both Sirius and the satellite radio industry."
738:
technology can allow AM and FM broadcasts to exceed the quality of satellite. AM does not suffer from multipath distortion or flutter in a moving vehicle like FM, nor does it become silent as you go behind a big hill like satellite
300:, which owns 50% of Sirius XM Radio, had considered purchasing WorldSpace’s assets, but talks between the companies collapsed. The satellites are now transmitting educational data and operate under the name of Yazmi USA, LLC.
1621:
351:
in July 2000. In 1997, after
Margolese had obtained regulatory clearance and "effectively created the industry," the FCC also sold a license to the American Mobile Radio Corporation, which changed its name to
272:, in 1990, with the goal of making satellite radio programming available to the developing world. On June 22, 1991, the FCC gave WorldSpace permission to launch a satellite to provide digital programming to
543:, whose show attracts over 12 million listeners per week, has also been a factor in the company’s steady growth. As of 2013, the main competition to satellite radio is streaming Internet services, such as
303:
Ondas Media was a
Spanish company which had proposed to launch a subscription-based satellite radio system to serve Spain and much of Western Europe, but failed to acquire licenses throughout Europe.
19:
This article is about satellite radio as a broadcasting-satellite service (in line to article 1.39, ITU RR). For satellite radio as a radiocommunication service (in line to article 1.111 ITU RR), see
1856:
444:
1893:
639:
Low to moderate — implementation of FM service requires moderate to high population densities and is thus not practical in rural and/or remote locales; AM travels great distances at night.
1631:
342:
In April 1992, Rothblatt resigned as CEO of
Satellite CD Radio; Briskman, who designed the company's satellite technology, was then appointed chairman and CEO. Six months later,
1954:
Navis, Chad & Glynn, Mary Ann (2010). "How new market categories emerge: Temporal dynamics of legitimacy, identity, and entrepreneurship in satellite radio, 1990–2005".
359:
CD Radio purchased their license for $ 83.3 million, and American Mobile Radio Corporation bought theirs for $ 89.9 million. Digital Satellite Broadcasting Corporation and
459:
in North America for nationwide digital radio broadcasting. MobaHO! operated at 2.6 GHz. In other parts of the world, satellite radio uses part of the 1.4 GHz
237:
The first satellite radio broadcasts occurred in Africa and the Middle East in 1999. The first US broadcasts were in 2001 followed by Japan in 2004 and Canada in 2005.
1989:
686:
None to high—mostly dependent on the channels, some of which have DJs; most channels are advertisement-free because of the paid subscription model of satellite radio.
1097:
676:
Variable—dependent on location and the television provider for cable and satellite, dependent on the various packages they provide and on the user's subscription.
210:. It is available by subscription, mostly commercial free, and offers subscribers more stations and a wider variety of programming options than terrestrial radio.
2112:
1500:
2433:
795:
Degree of content regulation varies by country; however, the majority of industrialized nations have regulations regarding obscene and/or objectionable content.
2524:
2826:
1556:
786:
the satellite radio provider, and controls who holds these licenses to broadcast. Many of their channels, including the pop music ones, are self-regulated.
331:(FCC) to assign new frequencies for satellites to broadcast digital sound to homes and cars. The company identified and argued in favor of the use of the
2576:
1054:
2459:
963:
289:
1874:
692:
None to low—dependent on the provider; however, it is common that some stations will have DJs. Usually no advertisements on subscription services (
2454:
172:
120:
1137:
423:
which offered different services to Japan and the Republic of Korea and whose services began on October 20, 2004, and ended on March 31, 2009.
2865:
2076:
1719:
206:
nationwide, across a much wider geographical area than terrestrial radio stations, and the service is primarily intended for the occupants of
2836:
1226:
189:
829:
336:
1360:
1178:
3101:
3061:
2885:
2387:
811:
2477:
1816:
2489:
1581:
2117:
2018:
1324:
782:
769:
are commercial-free. In the US, all stations are required to have periodic station identifications and public service announcements.
328:
327:
serving as President and Chief Operating Officer. In June 1990, Rothblatt's shell company, Satellite CD Radio, Inc., petitioned the
2517:
1683:
1310:
1289:
824:
221:
in North America for nationwide digital radio broadcasting. In other parts of the world, satellite radio uses the 1.4 GHz
1341:
292:
bankruptcy in November 2008. In March 2010, the company announced it would be de-commissioning its two satellites (one served
2998:
1795:
1216:
198:
1242:
2846:
2341:
2773:
2438:
2162:
1911:
Erskine, Daniel H. (2007-05-20). "Satellite Digital Audio Radio Searching for Novel Theories of Action". Rochester, NY.
1078:
1475:
3071:
2510:
2214:
1838:
1268:
165:
1510:
1116:
1536:
431:
XM satellite radio was launched in Canada on November 29, 2005. Sirius followed two days later on December 1, 2005.
284:
would ultimately account for over 90% of WorldSpace’s subscriber base. In 2008, WorldSpace announced plans to enter
3044:
3013:
2758:
2668:
1665:
1646:
899:
839:
762:
464:
226:
626:(the primary function of the set top-box is normally designed for viewing digital television on an analogue set).
471:
the Internet. Reception is activated by obtaining the radio's unique ID and giving this to the service provider.
3111:
2366:
2066:
2051:
1413:
928:
1602:
3096:
2382:
2071:
2027:
568:
1196:
1566:
3023:
2922:
2875:
2783:
2056:
492:
1434:
356:
in October 1998. XM was founded by Lon Levin and Gary Parsons, who served as chairman until November 2009.
3106:
2917:
2831:
2673:
2361:
2321:
2301:
1626:
249:
158:
20:
1894:"Sirius XM's Mel Karmazin: 'I'm One of the Most Underpaid Executives in the History of Executive Payment"
3018:
2841:
2821:
2397:
2011:
1983:
1924:
474:
Ground stations transmit signals to the satellites which are 35,786 kilometers (22,236 miles) above the
193:
2646:
2586:
2571:
2566:
2176:
2041:
399:
2753:
2624:
2417:
2230:
2152:
1439:
1316:
1294:
1156:
834:
532:
479:
89:
1756:
2890:
1971:
1368:
1273:
904:
867:
504:
353:
253:
1373:
3003:
2880:
2136:
1912:
1320:
1222:
316:
1916:
335:
frequencies that the FCC subsequently decided to allocate to digital audio broadcasting. The
3039:
2983:
2797:
2608:
2533:
2402:
2081:
2004:
1963:
1561:
1418:
603:
440:
269:
214:
1454:
1026:
3008:
2978:
2614:
2276:
2147:
2142:
1937:
1586:
1541:
1059:
879:
556:
552:
436:
343:
324:
320:
2502:
347:
billion, which was used to build and launch three satellites into elliptical orbit from
2618:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2061:
500:
68:
3090:
2993:
2718:
2598:
2537:
2412:
2331:
2102:
1975:
1121:
1031:
752:
repeaters for local AM/FM stations and thus feature a high frequency of interruption.
544:
432:
297:
280:. WorldSpace first began broadcasting satellite radio on October 1, 1999, in Africa.
207:
115:
3065:
2540:
2316:
2240:
945:
816:
697:
540:
146:
606:
or satellite—DTR represents a small portion of the total monthly television fee.
419:
MobaHo! was a mobile satellite digital audio/video broadcasting service based in
2988:
2813:
2604:
2326:
2260:
1250:
923:
623:
571:(DTR) in the following ways (the table applies primarily to the United States):
360:
277:
141:
136:
94:
1967:
2870:
2856:
2558:
2291:
1505:
992:
806:
636:
Very high—a satellite signal's footprint covers millions of square kilometres.
536:
524:
512:
348:
245:
84:
1157:"The Frequent Traveler: Keeping in touch on the road through satellite radio"
495:
and roadside assistance) and entertainment (such as weather and gas prices).
217:
Space Technology Hall of Fame in 2002. Satellite radio uses the 2.3 GHz
2962:
2957:
2952:
2942:
2933:
2792:
2245:
1800:
766:
257:
203:
42:
1996:
2683:
2636:
2594:
2346:
2311:
2306:
2296:
2286:
2281:
2157:
1737:
735:
682:
Frequency of programming interruptions (by DJs or commercial advertising)
1776:
2723:
2678:
2632:
2351:
2336:
2255:
2235:
2204:
2194:
1842:
693:
548:
516:
475:
392:
241:
99:
2947:
2763:
2737:
2732:
2691:
2642:
2628:
2407:
2356:
2250:
2199:
2184:
2107:
2097:
528:
508:
460:
456:
402:
and do not remove this message until the contradictions are resolved.
332:
285:
273:
222:
218:
319:, who served as the new company's Chairman of the Board. Co-founder
2768:
2663:
2555:
2392:
2189:
420:
281:
57:
34:
1796:"Satellite radio scores with exclusive programming, in-car deals"
1055:"Clockwork meets satellite in a revolution for Third World radio"
622:
None—a typical set consists of a stereo attached to a television
2209:
339:
contended that satellite radio would harm local radio stations.
293:
2903:
2506:
2000:
1761:
1459:
1138:"As AM signal fades, Europe moves hesitantly to digital radio"
1079:"WorldSpace announces potential decommissioning of satellites"
520:
375:
268:
WorldSpace was founded by Ethiopia-born lawyer Noah Samara in
1414:"Hotel Biz Zillionaire's Next Venture? Inflatable Space Pods"
1857:"SiriusXM Reports Fourth Quarter and Full Year 2020 Results"
1701:
323:
served as Chief Executive Officer with former NASA engineer
288:, but those plans were set aside when the company filed for
716:
Yes for terrestrial. For cable and satellite, low to none.
673:
Variable—highly dependent upon economic/demographic factors
445:
Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission
1601:
Siklos, Richard; Sorkin, Andrew Ross (February 20, 2007).
1198:
Document showing Martine Rothblatt as founder of Sirius XM
943:
Jain, Anita (October 29, 2002). "Sirius Satellite Moves".
1839:"New CEO to expand Sirius beyond satellite radio in cars"
1372:. No. September 2001. pp. 14–16. Archived from
1875:"Can Sirius XM Tune In Big Subscriber Growth This Year?"
748:
Some satellite radio services and DTR services act as
713:
Significant governmental regulations regarding content
924:"Digital Audio Broadcasting Plays to Global Audience"
761:
Nonprofit stations and public radio networks such as
3032:
2971:
2931:
2910:
2855:
2812:
2782:
2746:
2711:
2704:
2656:
2585:
2554:
2547:
2447:
2426:
2375:
2269:
2223:
2171:
2090:
2034:
700:both claim to provide advertisement-free content).
1720:"Garmin : Activating a SiriusXM Subscription"
1647:"Toshiba to shut down mobile broadcast TV service"
958:
956:
729:
727:
213:Satellite radio technology was inducted into the
1435:"Parsons Resigns as Chairman of Sirius XM Radio"
987:
985:
567:Satellite radio differs from AM, FM radio, and
1117:"WorldSpace India to shut shop on December 31"
2518:
2434:Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems
2012:
1868:
1866:
1072:
1070:
835:Ripping music from satellite radio broadcasts
443:on November 24, 2010. It was approved by the
166:
8:
1988:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1603:"Merger Would End Satellite Radio's Rivalry"
1342:"XM Satellite Radio Completes Its Financing"
1243:"Robert Briskman appointed chairman and CEO"
486:Content, availability and market penetration
1757:"Satellite radio captures ears of millions"
1537:"XM plus Sirius = Satellite Radio Monopoly"
244:of Japan) major satellite radio companies:
2900:
2708:
2551:
2525:
2511:
2503:
2019:
2005:
1997:
1684:"CRTC Approves Sirius XM Merger In Canada"
1666:"XM and Sirius to finally merge in Canada"
1530:
1528:
1501:"David Margolese Steps Down as Sirius CEO"
1262:
1260:
1210:
1208:
1172:
1170:
893:
891:
889:
860:Definition: Broadcasting-satellite service
657:FM: Usually Moderate, but can be very high
173:
159:
25:
2460:List of communication satellite companies
1832:
1830:
1817:"Tuning In to Music That People Tune Out"
1399:"AMRC changes name to XM Satellite Radio"
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
917:
915:
1397:XM Satellite Radio (November 16, 1998).
1290:"Beaming Radio Into High-Tech Fast Lane"
993:"Satellite S Band Radio Frequency Table"
573:
381:
2455:List of communications satellite firsts
1815:Feder, Barnaby J. (February 16, 2004).
1664:Protalinski, Emil (November 25, 2010).
1622:"The FCC Approves the XM-Sirius Merger"
1401:(Press release). New York: BBC Archive.
1077:Hilzenrath, David S. (March 18, 2010).
858:International Telecommunication Union.
850:
723:
128:
107:
76:
49:
33:
2337:Shanghai Spacecom Satellite Technology
1981:
1933:
1922:
1755:Kingsbury, Kathleen (August 4, 2004).
1476:"Sirius Satellite Radio, Inc. History"
898:Andrews, Edmund L. (October 8, 1992).
875:
865:
777:
775:
655:AM: Usually very low in analogue mode
455:Satellite radio uses the 2.3 GHz
315:Sirius Satellite Radio was founded by
190:International Telecommunication Union
7:
2485:
1267:McLean, Bethany (January 22, 2001).
1179:"From Satellites to Pharmaceuticals"
900:"F.C.C. Plan For Radio By Satellite"
830:List of United States radio networks
563:Satellite radio versus other formats
337:National Association of Broadcasters
240:There have been three (not counting
1565:. February 14, 2002. Archived from
1433:Shwiff, Kathy (November 12, 2009).
1155:Collis, Roger (December 20, 2002).
1115:Maitra, Dilip (December 24, 2009).
1096:Caruso, Denise (October 11, 1999).
602:Free for terrestrial. Very low for
1859:(Press release). February 2, 2021.
1837:Baker, Liana B. (April 30, 2013).
1509:. October 16, 2001. Archived from
1412:Beiser, Vince (October 23, 2007).
1177:Herper, Matthew (April 22, 2010).
1136:Pfanner, Eric (January 11, 2009).
391:appears to contradict the article
14:
2118:Automatic Tracking Satellite Dish
1892:Bercovici, Jeff (April 3, 2012).
1794:Bunkley, Nick (January 5, 2005).
1582:"Satellite Radio Merger Approved"
1557:"Sirius Begins Satellite Service"
1309:Sterling, Christopher H. (2003).
1269:"Satellite Killed The Radio Star"
922:Belsie, Laurent (March 9, 1992).
329:Federal Communications Commission
3059:
2484:
2473:
2472:
1956:Administrative Science Quarterly
1645:Conneally, Tim (July 30, 2008).
809:
666:Variety and depth of programming
380:
41:
1535:Parker, Steve (July 24, 2008).
1340:Romero, Simon (July 10, 2000).
1312:Encyclopedia of Radio, Volume 1
825:Digital Multimedia Broadcasting
2999:Error detection and correction
1873:Trefis Team (April 12, 2013).
1620:Kharif, Olga (July 25, 2008).
1288:Dillon, Nancy (June 5, 2000).
1249:. June 1, 1992. Archived from
202:. The satellite's signals are
199:broadcasting-satellite service
16:Broadcasting-satellite service
1:
1053:Benady, Alex (June 1, 1998).
2439:ETSI Satellite Digital Radio
2163:Very-small-aperture terminal
1221:. Focal Press. p. 166.
1025:Bonsor, Kevin (2001-09-26).
964:"Satellite Radio Technology"
439:announced their merger into
296:, the other served Africa).
3072:Comparison of radio systems
2215:Digital audio radio service
2123:Motor-driven Satellite dish
1580:Hart, Kim (July 26, 2008).
1027:"How Satellite Radio Works"
3128:
3102:International broadcasting
3045:International broadcasting
3014:FM extended band in Brazil
1968:10.2189/asqu.2010.55.3.439
1738:"Sirius XM: Find Radio ID"
840:Satellite subcarrier audio
781:In the United States, the
18:
3053:
2899:
2468:
2270:Relay satellite companies
2067:High-throughput satellite
2052:Satellite Internet access
929:Christian Science Monitor
586:Digital television radio
121:Most listened-to programs
2028:Satellite communications
569:digital television radio
3024:Shortwave relay station
2923:Audio signal processing
2376:Satellite manufacturers
706:Governmental regulation
129:Physics and engineering
2918:Audio data compression
1932:Cite journal requires
1627:Bloomberg Businessweek
1455:"Revolutions in Radio"
1215:Warren, Steve (2004).
632:Listening availability
398:Please discuss at the
250:Sirius Satellite Radio
21:Satellite radio system
3019:Multipath propagation
2842:MPEG-1 Audio Layer II
2712:Frequency allocations
2587:Frequency allocations
194:ITU Radio Regulations
2972:Technical (emission)
2042:Satellite television
1634:on January 15, 2013.
1317:Taylor & Francis
1253:on October 31, 2013.
480:geostationary orbits
233:History and overview
2427:Trade organizations
2418:Thales Alenia Space
2231:Astra Digital Radio
2224:Broadcast companies
2153:Satellite data unit
1480:fundinguniverse.com
1440:Wall Street Journal
1295:New York Daily News
447:on April 12, 2011.
90:Internet talk radio
2246:Sirius XM Holdings
2137:Parabolic antennas
1369:Report on Business
1277:. pp. 94–100.
1098:"Digital Commerce"
905:The New York Times
539:. The presence of
354:XM Satellite Radio
264:Africa and Eurasia
254:XM Satellite Radio
188:is defined by the
3084:
3083:
3080:
3079:
3004:FM broadcast band
2911:Technical (audio)
2808:
2807:
2700:
2699:
2500:
2499:
2057:Amateur satellite
1702:"Sirius XM: Shop"
1690:. April 12, 2011.
1228:978-0-240-80696-9
999:. August 15, 2011
765:stations and the
720:
719:
417:
416:
317:Martine Rothblatt
183:
182:
29:Part of series on
3119:
3112:Radio technology
3066:Radio portal
3064:
3063:
3062:
3040:History of radio
2984:AM expanded band
2901:
2784:Commercial radio
2709:
2552:
2527:
2520:
2513:
2504:
2488:
2487:
2476:
2475:
2403:Northrop Grumman
2082:Carriage dispute
2021:
2014:
2007:
1998:
1993:
1987:
1979:
1942:
1941:
1935:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1889:
1883:
1882:
1870:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1847:
1846:
1834:
1825:
1824:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1777:"Channel Lineup"
1773:
1767:
1766:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1734:
1728:
1727:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1680:
1674:
1673:
1661:
1655:
1654:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1630:. Archived from
1617:
1611:
1610:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1577:
1571:
1570:
1569:on June 7, 2017.
1553:
1547:
1546:
1532:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1518:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1451:
1445:
1444:
1430:
1424:
1423:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1378:
1365:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1337:
1331:
1330:
1306:
1300:
1299:
1285:
1279:
1278:
1264:
1255:
1254:
1239:
1233:
1232:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1174:
1165:
1164:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1133:
1127:
1126:
1112:
1106:
1105:
1093:
1087:
1086:
1074:
1065:
1064:
1050:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1039:
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1008:
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1004:
989:
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979:
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968:Space Foundation
960:
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884:
883:
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819:
814:
813:
812:
796:
793:
787:
779:
770:
759:
753:
746:
740:
731:
604:cable television
596:US$ 10.99 and up
574:
493:vehicle tracking
441:Sirius XM Canada
412:
409:
403:
384:
383:
376:
270:Washington, D.C.
215:Space Foundation
175:
168:
161:
45:
26:
3127:
3126:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3117:
3116:
3097:Satellite radio
3087:
3086:
3085:
3076:
3060:
3058:
3049:
3028:
3009:FM broadcasting
2979:AM broadcasting
2967:
2927:
2906:
2895:
2851:
2804:
2778:
2747:Digital systems
2742:
2727:
2696:
2657:Digital systems
2652:
2581:
2543:
2531:
2501:
2496:
2464:
2443:
2422:
2398:Lockheed Martin
2371:
2277:AST SpaceMobile
2265:
2219:
2173:Satellite radio
2167:
2148:Satellite modem
2143:Satellite phone
2128:Multi-satellite
2086:
2072:Relay satellite
2047:Satellite radio
2030:
2025:
1980:
1953:
1950:
1948:Further reading
1945:
1931:
1921:
1910:
1909:
1905:
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1724:www8.garmin.com
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1587:Washington Post
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1542:Huffington Post
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1514:
1513:on July 8, 2017
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1319:. p. 750.
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1218:Radio: The Book
1214:
1213:
1206:
1201:, June 23, 1992
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1076:
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1060:The Independent
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656:
580:Satellite radio
565:
488:
453:
437:XM Radio Canada
429:
413:
407:
404:
397:
385:
374:
344:Rogers Wireless
325:Robert Briskman
321:David Margolese
313:
266:
235:
186:Satellite radio
179:
100:Call-in (radio)
64:Satellite radio
24:
17:
12:
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5:
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2905:Related topics
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2133:Satellite dish
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2100:
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2062:Ground station
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2016:
2009:
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1962:(3): 439–471.
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1934:|journal=
1903:
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1821:New York Times
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1607:New York Times
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1464:. May 4, 2005.
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1359:Houpt, Simon.
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1346:New York Times
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1247:Satellite News
1234:
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1161:New York Times
1147:
1142:New York Times
1128:
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1102:New York Times
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763:PRI-affiliated
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501:General Motors
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463:allocated for
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408:September 2022
388:
386:
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225:allocated for
208:motor vehicles
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69:Internet radio
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31:
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2538:digital audio
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2103:Monoblock LNB
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2035:Main articles
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2022:
2017:
2015:
2010:
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1393:
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1379:on 2016-04-13
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1361:"Radio Flyer"
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1032:HowStuffWorks
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949:. p. 11.
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648:Sound quality
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451:System design
450:
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433:Sirius Canada
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389:This article
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