787:'s 21,000 kg (46,000 lb) capacity and the three-stage Saturn V's 75,000 kg (165,000 lb) capability. In the mid-1960s NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) initiated several studies for a launch vehicle to fill this payload capacity gap and to extend the capabilities of the Saturn family. Three companies provided proposals to MSFC for this requirement: Martin Marietta (builder of Atlas, Titan vehicles), Boeing (builder of S-1B and S-1C first stages), and North American (builder of the S-II second stage).
3319:
27:
1338:
851:, an intermediate two-stage launch vehicle with an S-1C first stage using three or four F-1 engines, and an S-IVB as the second stage with one J-2 engine. The vehicle's payload capacity for LEO would be 45,000 to 60,000 kg, comparable to the earlier Saturn C-3 design (1961). Boeing projected delivery and first flight in 1970, based on a decision by 1967.
855:
1313:
807:
873:
The Saturn II was a series of
American expendable launch vehicles, studied by North American Aviation (NAA, later Rockwell) in 1966, under the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and derived from components of the Saturn V rocket used for the Apollo program. The North American designs focused on
799:
revision (1961) increased the total thrust of the three stages to 17,200 kN. The diameter of the first stage (S-IB-2) was increased to 33 feet (10 meters). The eventual first stage for the Saturn V (S-IC) would use this same diameter, but add 8 meters to its length. A further consideration added
950:
The Jarvis would be a three-stage rocket, 58 m (190 ft) in height and 8.38 m (27.5 ft) in diameter. Designed to lift 38 tons to LEO, it would utilize F-1 and J-2 rocket engines and tooling in storage from the Saturn V rocket program along with more recent
Shuttle-era technologies
619:
spurred NASA to solidify its launch vehicle requirements for a lunar landing. A week earlier, William
Fleming (Office of Space Flight Programs, NASA Headquarters) chaired an ad hoc committee to conduct a six-week study of the requirements for a lunar landing. Judging the direct ascent approach to be
623:
In early June 1961, Bruce Lundin, deputy director of the Lewis
Research Center, led a week-long study of six different rendezvous possibilities. The alternatives included Earth-orbital rendezvous (EOR), lunar-orbital rendezvous (LOR), Earth and lunar rendezvous, and rendezvous on the lunar surface,
767:
Since 1961, a number of variants of the Saturn C-3 have been studied, proposed, and funded. The most extensive studies focused on the Saturn C-3B variants before the end of 1962, when lunar orbit rendezvous was selected and Saturn C-5 development approved. The common theme of these variants is the
746:
After six months of further discussion at NASA, in the summer of 1962, Langley
Research Center's Lunar orbit rendezvous (LOR) proposal was officially selected as the mission configuration for the Apollo program on November 7, 1962. By the end of 1962, the Saturn C-3 design was deemed not necessary
631:
near New
Orleans, Louisiana, would be the site for fabrication and assembly of the Saturn C-3 first stage as well as larger vehicles in the Saturn program. Finalists were two government-owned plants in St. Louis and New Orleans. The height of the factory roof at Michoud meant that a launch vehicle
760:
624:
employing Saturn C-1s, C-3s, and Nova designs. Lundin's committee concluded that rendezvous enjoyed distinct advantages over direct ascent and recommended an Earth-orbital rendezvous using two or three Saturn C-3s.
3236:
This
Template lists historical, current, and future space rockets that at least once attempted (but not necessarily succeeded in) an orbital launch or that are planned to attempt such a launch in the future
878:
second stage for the launch vehicle core. The intent of the study was to eliminate production of the Saturn IB, and create a lower-cost heavy launch vehicle based on current (1966) Saturn V hardware.
847:
On 7 October 1966, Boeing submitted a Final Report to the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, "Studies of
Improved Saturn V Vehicles and Intermediate Payload Vehicles". That report outlined the
743:'s memorandum advocating LOR for lunar missions in November 1961 to Robert Seamans outlined the usage of the Saturn C-3 launch vehicle, and avoiding complex large boosters and lunar landers.
887:
890:, initially designed to serve the Saturn I and I-B, was planned for eventual Saturn C-3 usage, but it was deactivated in 1972. In 2001, Boeing refurbished the complex for its
651:
This decision ended consideration of a Nova class launch vehicle for a direct ascent to the Moon or as a heavy-lift companion with the Saturn C-3 for Earth orbit rendezvous.
1370:
1303:
Boeing Study, Marshall Space Flight Center, '"Final Report - Studies of
Improved Saturn V Vehicles and Intermediate Payload Vehicles'", October 7, 1966, Accessed at:
1321:
3239:
Symbol indicates past or current rockets that attempted orbital launches but never succeeded (never did or has yet to perform a successful orbital launch)
905:
program resulted in renewed proposals for Saturn C-3 derivatives using the
Rocketdyne F-1A engines with existing booster cores and tooling (10m - Saturn
1162:
711:
The Saturn C-3 would have been the primary launch vehicle for Earth orbit rendezvous. The booster consisted of a first stage containing two Saturn V
620:
the most feasible, they concentrated their attention accordingly, and proposed circumlunar flights in late 1965 using the Saturn C-3 launch vehicle.
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stage and diameters ranging from 8 to 10 meters (26 to 33 ft) that could lift up to 110,000 pounds (50,000 kg) to Low Earth Orbit (LEO).
2397:
1485:
1135:
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for the third stage in this launch vehicle. The NERVA technology has been studied and proposed since mid-1950s for future space exploration.
1395:
1363:
604:
C series studied from 1959 to 1962. The design was for a three-stage launch vehicle that could launch 45,000 kilograms (99,000 lb) to
2117:
1293:
NASA, "Earth Orbital Rendezvous for an Early Manned Lunar Landing," pt. I, "Summary Report of Ad Hoc Task Group Study" , August 1961.
1258:
932:
898:
768:
first stage with at least 3,044,000 lbf (13,540 kN) of sea-level thrust (SL). These designs used two or three Rocketdyne
800:
a third F-1 engine to the first stage. The S-II, second stage diameter would be 8.3 and 21.3 meters (27 and 70 feet) in length.
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1356:
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1936:
1767:
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study (1987-1990). Hughes Aircraft and Boeing dusted off the earlier Saturn C-3 design and submitted their proposal for the
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booster. Only the S-IV stage of the Saturn C-3 was developed and flown, but all of the specified engines were used on the
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During various Nova's proposal, a Modular Nova concept made up of clustering the first stage of C-3 were proposed.
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939:, the United States Air Force (USAF) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) conducted a joint
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The need for a launch vehicle of Saturn C-3 capacity (45 tonnes to LEO) continued beyond the Apollo program.
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Some Interrelationships and Long-Range Implications of C-3 Lunar Rendezvous and solid Nova vehicle concepts
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The 3-stage version would use the S-IV stage, with a diameter of 5.5 meters and 12.2 meters in length.
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1261:. An excellent account of the evolution, design, and development of the Saturn launch vehicles.
708:), and to maneuver the combined spacecraft using the propulsion system of the target vehicle".
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The lack of a Saturn C-3 launch vehicle in 1965 created a large payload gap (LEO) between the
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700:. In order to test and validate the feasibility of the EOR approach for the Apollo program,
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Saturn Illustrated Chronology: Saturn's First Eleven Years, April 1957 through April 1968
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was founded with this objective: "To effect rendezvous and docking with another vehicle (
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proposal (EOR) for the Apollo program in 1960–1961. The proposal used a series of small
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644:) could not be built; four or five engines (first stage) would have to be the maximum (
633:
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47:
1136:"The Rendezvous That Was Almost Missed: Lunar Orbit Rendezvous and the Apollo Program"
751:, Saturn C-5) were then proposed, hence further work on the Saturn C-3 was cancelled.
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EELV launch vehicle. The Delta IV Heavy variant can only launch 22.5 tonnes to LEO.
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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19790076768_1979076768.pdf
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https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19740072519_1974072519.pdf
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David M. Reeves; Michael D. Scher; Alan W. Wilhite; Douglas O. Stanley (2005).
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eliminating the Boeing-built S-IC first stage and using North American's
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2015:
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677:
672:
The Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama developed an
280:
57:
1163:"The Apollo Lunar Orbit Rendezvous Architecture Decision Revisited"
3138:
3109:
2720:
2419:
1963:
1688:
1490:
1264:
Stuhlinger, Ernst, et al., Astronautical Engineering and Science:
853:
830:
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806:
805:
763:
Saturn C-3B versions, with a nuclear upper stage derivative (1961)
758:
693:
689:
2550:
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1782:
1651:
906:
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484:
375:
79:
44:
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1352:
1284:
Project Apollo - A description of a Saturn C-3 and Nova vehicle
1168:. National Institute of Aerospace, Georgia Tech. Archived from
739:(LOR) was studied at Langley Research Center as early as 1960.
627:
NASA announced on September 7, 1961, that the government-owned
2560:
2409:
1062:
Moonport: A History of Apollo Launch Facilities and Operations
566:
469:
379:
1138:. NASA Langley Research Center. December 1992. Archived from
16:
Third rocket in the Saturn C series studied from 1959 to 1962
1300:, 5th ed., MHR-5 (Huntsville, Alabama: MSFC, 20 Jan. 1971).
1059:
Benson, Charles D.; William Barnaby Faherty (1978). "4-8".
688:
headed to the Moon. These components would be assembled in
608:
and send 18,000 kilograms (40,000 lb) to the Moon via
615:
U.S. President Kennedy's proposal on May 25, 1961, of an
888:
Cape Canaveral Air Force Station Space Launch Complex 37
1282:
Robert P. Smith, Apollo Projects Office, NASA Report,
1326:
1009:
The Saturn V F-1 Engine: Powering Apollo into History
747:
for Apollo program requirements as larger boosters (
3502:
3471:
3376:
3326:
3286:
3196:
2046:
1820:
1404:
1271:Jet Propulsion Lab; NASA Report - October 2, 1961;
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53:
36:
31:
Proposed Saturn C-3 and Apollo configuration (1962)
715:engines, a second stage containing four powerful
858:Saturn II series, North American proposal (1966)
1223:. Astronautix.com. 1 July 1990. Archived from
3264:
1364:
1322:National Aeronautics and Space Administration
8:
19:
1305:http://www.astronautix.com/data/satvint.pdf
3271:
3257:
3249:
1371:
1357:
1349:
1054:
1052:
25:
18:
1085:"Saturn Illustrated Chronology - Part 2"
1333:
1253:, US Government Printing Office, 1980.
1002:
1000:
996:
349:3,000,000 pounds-force (13,000 kN)
810:Saturn INT-20C, Boeing proposal (1966)
7:
1396:Comparison of orbital launch systems
684:to launch different components of a
443:800,000 pounds-force (3,600 kN)
135:2,256,806 pounds (1,023,670 kg)
1266:From Peenemuende to Planetary Space
727:rocket which took men to the Moon.
719:engines, and the S-IV stage from a
1320:from websites or documents of the
617:explicit crewed lunar landing goal
327:1,599,433 pounds (725,491 kg)
14:
1033:. Astronautix.com. Archived from
899:Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
540:90,000 pounds-force (400 kN)
3317:
1336:
1316: This article incorporates
1311:
421:449,840 pounds (204,040 kg)
3615:Cancelled space launch vehicles
3224:Super heavy-lift launch vehicle
1109:. NASA SP-4206. pp. 48–63.
951:to provide lower launch costs.
518:111,500 pounds (50,600 kg)
319:149,945 pounds (68,014 kg)
164:100,000 pounds (45,000 kg)
1391:List of orbital launch systems
1286:. July 25, 1961. Accessed at:
1268:, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1964.
1195:"Jarvis Medium Launch Vehicle"
829:revision (1961) would use the
413:54,978 pounds (24,938 kg)
196:39,000 pounds (18,000 kg)
180:50,000 pounds (23,000 kg)
1:
510:11,501 pounds (5,217 kg)
3280:Saturn launch vehicle family
915:Delta IV Common Booster Core
696:, then sent to the Moon via
600:was the third rocket in the
1124:. NASA SP-4206. p. 63.
911:Space Shuttle external tank
3636:
3214:Medium-lift launch vehicle
1120:Bilsten, Roger E. (1980).
1105:Bilsten, Roger E. (1980).
924:
866:
840:
818:
303:113.10 feet (34.47 m)
3315:
3232:
3219:Heavy-lift launch vehicle
3209:Small-lift launch vehicle
1386:
583:
579:
397:69.80 feet (21.28 m)
287:
200:
24:
755:Variants and derivatives
119:269.0 feet (82.0 m)
1221:"Jarvis launch vehicle"
1199:NASA Spaceflight Forums
1007:Young, Anthony (2008).
882:Post-Apollo development
502:220 inches (5.6 m)
494:61.6 feet (18.8 m)
405:320 inches (8.1 m)
311:320 inches (8.1 m)
127:320 inches (8.1 m)
1380:Orbital launch systems
1318:public domain material
941:Advanced Launch System
859:
811:
764:
737:Lunar orbit rendezvous
731:Lunar orbit rendezvous
674:Earth orbit rendezvous
668:Earth orbit rendezvous
629:Michoud Ordnance Plant
857:
809:
762:
698:trans-lunar injection
610:trans-lunar injection
1227:on December 27, 2016
706:Agena target vehicle
655:Lunar mission design
277:Kennedy Space Center
1249:Bilstein, Roger E,
1201:. 20 September 2013
1017:2008svfe.book.....Y
903:Space Launch System
680:half the size of a
453:300 sec (sea level)
359:265 sec (sea level)
21:
2386:v1.2 "Full Thrust"
1175:on 27 October 2014
1087:. History.nasa.gov
1011:. pp. 21–23.
860:
812:
765:
205:Associated rockets
3597:
3596:
3246:
3245:
594:
593:
87:Country of origin
3627:
3472:Saturn II series
3321:
3273:
3266:
3259:
3250:
3095:Universal Rocket
1466:Falcon 9 Block 5
1373:
1366:
1359:
1350:
1341:
1340:
1339:
1332:
1315:
1314:
1296:David S. Akens,
1251:Stages to Saturn
1237:
1236:
1234:
1232:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1208:
1206:
1191:
1185:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1174:
1167:
1158:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1132:
1126:
1125:
1122:Stages to Saturn
1117:
1111:
1110:
1107:Stages to Saturn
1102:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1065:. NASA (SP-4204)
1056:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1027:
1021:
1020:
1004:
992:Inline citations
947:launch vehicle.
587:edit on Wikidata
546:Specific impulse
449:Specific impulse
355:Specific impulse
29:
22:
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3634:
3630:
3629:
3628:
3626:
3625:
3624:
3600:
3599:
3598:
3593:
3503:Saturn V series
3498:
3467:
3377:Saturn I series
3372:
3322:
3313:
3287:Early proposals
3282:
3277:
3247:
3242:
3228:
3204:Sounding rocket
3192:
2042:
1816:
1400:
1382:
1377:
1347:
1337:
1335:
1327:
1312:
1309:
1275:. Accessed at:
1245:
1240:
1230:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1214:
1204:
1202:
1193:
1192:
1188:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1145:
1143:
1142:on 6 April 2013
1134:
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1114:
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1103:
1099:
1090:
1088:
1083:
1082:
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1066:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1040:
1038:
1029:
1028:
1024:
1006:
1005:
998:
994:
989:
976:Jarvis (rocket)
957:
929:
927:Jarvis (rocket)
923:
884:
871:
865:
845:
839:
823:
817:
793:
757:
735:The concept of
733:
670:
662:
657:
606:low Earth orbit
590:
570:
473:
386:Second stage –
268:Proposed (1961)
255:
220:Derivative work
95:Cost per launch
74:
65:
32:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3633:
3631:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Apollo program
3602:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3554:Saturn-Shuttle
3551:
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3514:
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1821:In development
1818:
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1800:Vulcan Centaur
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1037:on May 2, 2002
1022:
995:
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985:
984:
983:
981:Delta IV Heavy
978:
973:
968:
966:Vulcan Centaur
963:
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953:
933:Space Shuttle
925:Main article:
922:
919:
909:stage; 8.4m -
883:
880:
867:Main article:
864:
861:
841:Main article:
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819:Main article:
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702:Project Gemini
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537:Maximum thrust
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483:Third stage –
480:
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440:Maximum thrust
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346:Maximum thrust
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260:Launch history
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3100:UR-500 Proton
3098:
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2886:Space Shuttle
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1476:Firefly Alpha
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1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1003:
1001:
997:
991:
986:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
958:
954:
952:
948:
946:
942:
938:
936:
928:
920:
918:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
895:
893:
889:
881:
879:
877:
870:
862:
856:
852:
850:
849:Saturn INT-20
844:
843:Saturn INT-20
837:Saturn INT-20
836:
834:
832:
828:
822:
814:
808:
804:
801:
798:
790:
788:
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
761:
754:
752:
750:
744:
742:
738:
730:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
667:
665:
660:Direct Ascent
659:
654:
652:
649:
647:
643:
639:
635:
630:
625:
621:
618:
613:
611:
607:
603:
599:
588:
582:
578:
575:
571:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
547:
543:
539:
535:
532:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
486:
481:
478:
474:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
450:
446:
442:
438:
435:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
396:
392:
389:
384:
381:
377:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
356:
352:
348:
344:
341:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
295:
290:
286:
282:
278:
275:
271:
267:
263:
258:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
236:
232:
229:
228:Saturn INT-21
225:
224:Saturn INT-20
222:
218:
215:
212:
208:
203:
199:
195:
191:
188:
183:
179:
175:
172:
167:
163:
159:
156:
151:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
118:
114:
109:
105:
103:Cost per year
101:
97:
93:
90:United States
89:
85:
81:
77:
72:
68:
63:
59:
56:
52:
49:
46:
42:
39:
35:
28:
23:
3531:
3509:
3390:
3383:
3355:
3345:
3333:
2994:Thorad-Agena
2667:Soyuz/Vostok
1471:Falcon Heavy
1310:
1297:
1283:
1272:
1265:
1250:
1243:Bibliography
1229:. Retrieved
1225:the original
1215:
1203:. Retrieved
1198:
1189:
1177:. Retrieved
1170:the original
1156:
1144:. Retrieved
1140:the original
1130:
1121:
1115:
1106:
1100:
1089:. Retrieved
1079:
1067:. Retrieved
1061:
1039:. Retrieved
1035:the original
1031:"Saturn C-3"
1025:
1008:
961:Falcon Heavy
949:
934:
930:
896:
885:
872:
848:
846:
827:Saturn C-3BN
826:
824:
815:Saturn C-3BN
802:
796:
794:
782:
766:
745:
741:John Houbolt
734:
710:
671:
663:
650:
626:
622:
614:
597:
595:
273:Launch sites
241:Falcon Heavy
98:43.5 million
54:Manufacturer
2484:LauncherOne
2435:Kaituozhe-1
2212:Black Arrow
1964:Orbex Prime
1863:Hyperbola-2
1828:Antares 330
1528:Kaituozhe 2
1501:Hyperbola-1
1343:Spaceflight
797:Saturn C-3B
791:Saturn C-3B
770:F-1 engines
692:around the
632:with eight
558:482 seconds
461:200 seconds
367:139 seconds
185:Payload to
169:Payload to
153:Payload to
3604:Categories
3559:Saturn V-3
3335:Saturn C-1
3327:"C" series
3299:Saturn A-1
2489:Long March
2393:Feng Bao 1
2006:Tianlong-3
1932:New Line 1
1890:Long March
1838:Cyclone-4M
1778:Tianlong-2
1756:2.1b / STB
1751:2.1a / STA
1694:Pegasus XL
1560:Long March
1533:Kinetica 1
1456:Chollima-1
1091:2022-08-20
1069:7 February
987:References
935:Challenger
931:After the
749:Saturn C-4
686:spacecraft
646:Saturn C-5
642:Saturn C-8
638:Nova class
598:Saturn C-3
563:Propellant
528:Rocketdyne
523:Powered by
515:Gross mass
507:Empty mass
466:Propellant
431:Rocketdyne
426:Powered by
418:Gross mass
410:Empty mass
372:Propellant
337:Rocketdyne
332:Powered by
324:Gross mass
316:Empty mass
234:Comparable
20:Saturn C-3
3584:V-Centaur
3479:Saturn II
2588:Paektusan
2217:Conestoga
1974:Red Dwarf
1927:New Glenn
1858:Gravity-2
1848:Epsilon S
1481:Gravity-1
971:New Glenn
913:; 5.1m -
901:and 2010
897:The 1986
869:Saturn II
863:Saturn II
785:Saturn IB
636:engines (
555:Burn time
458:Burn time
364:Burn time
283:(planned)
246:New Glenn
148:Capacity
3620:Saturn C
3511:Saturn V
3385:Saturn I
3132:original
3122:Vanguard
3105:Proton-K
3078:original
2926:Ablestar
2911:Terran 1
2869:original
2728:Rocket 3
2635:original
2445:original
2371:Falcon 9
2366:Falcon 1
2322:IV Heavy
2038:Zuljanah
2001:Terran R
1984:Block 1B
1969:Pallas-1
1873:Kuaizhou
1833:Bloostar
1773:Starship
1724:Shavit 2
1709:Qaem 100
1699:Proton-M
1657:Minotaur
1538:Kuaizhou
1461:Electron
1429:Ariane 6
1205:23 March
955:See also
937:disaster
892:Delta IV
725:Saturn V
721:Saturn I
682:Saturn V
499:Diameter
402:Diameter
308:Diameter
124:Diameter
37:Function
3197:Classes
3068:Tsyklon
2906:Start-1
2677:Voskhod
2672:Sputnik
2608:Molniya
2593:Pilot-2
2430:Juno II
2344:Epsilon
2339:Energia
2329:Diamant
2205:Centaur
2054:Antares
2047:Retired
1996:Soyuz-7
1989:Block 2
1922:Neutron
1912:Miura 5
1746:Soyuz-2
1739:Block 1
1729:Simorgh
1506:Jielong
1434:Atlas V
1405:Current
1013:Bibcode
678:rockets
550:410 sec
388:S-II-C3
76:Douglas
71:S-II-C3
3589:Jarvis
3549:INT-25
3544:INT-24
3539:INT-23
3533:INT-21
3527:INT-20
3494:INT-19
3489:INT-18
3484:INT-17
3458:INT-27
3453:INT-16
3448:INT-15
3443:INT-14
3438:INT-13
3433:INT-12
3428:INT-11
3423:INT-05
3294:Juno V
3181:Zhuque
3115:Strela
3073:R-36-O
3016:II GLV
3004:SLV-2H
2999:SLV-2G
2987:DSV-2U
2965:Burner
2901:SS-520
2896:Sparta
2864:Shavit
2755:Saturn
2716:Shtil'
2682:Vostok
2625:Polyot
2583:Naro-1
2472:Lambda
2440:Kosmos
2425:Juno I
2349:Europa
2123:Athena
2086:Ariane
2026:Zhuque
2016:Vega E
1868:Irtysh
1805:Zhuque
1523:KAIROS
1412:Angara
1329:Portal
1257:
1231:8 June
1179:8 June
1146:8 June
1041:8 June
945:Jarvis
921:Jarvis
776:-2 or
602:Saturn
491:Height
394:Height
300:Height
294:S-IB-2
281:SLC 37
265:Status
251:Vulcan
214:Saturn
210:Family
140:Stages
116:Height
62:S-IB-2
58:Boeing
3522:V ELV
3398:IB-CE
3144:Zenit
3139:VLS-1
3110:Rokot
3011:Titan
2982:Delta
2943:Agena
2891:SPARK
2777:Scout
2733:Safir
2721:Volna
2630:Soyuz
2420:H-IIB
2334:Dnepr
2222:Delta
2200:Agena
2190:SLV-3
2185:LV-3B
2140:Atlas
1714:Qased
1689:OS-M1
1491:H-IIA
1439:Ceres
1173:(PDF)
1166:(PDF)
831:NERVA
821:NERVA
772:in a
694:Earth
690:orbit
585:[
531:RL-10
45:Lunar
3418:IB-D
3413:IB-C
3408:IB-B
3403:IB-A
3363:C-5N
3169:3SLB
3127:Vega
3056:CT-3
3041:IIIE
3036:IIID
3031:IIIC
3026:IIIB
3021:IIIA
2921:Able
2916:Thor
2817:X-2B
2807:X-3M
2797:X-2M
2711:R-29
2603:Luna
2578:N-II
2556:3SII
2455:2/2I
2415:H-II
2403:Mk I
2398:GSLV
2381:v1.1
2376:v1.0
2302:5000
2297:4000
2292:3000
2287:2000
2282:1000
2277:0100
2195:Able
2118:ASLV
2079:230+
2021:Zero
1947:OS-M
1942:Nova
1937:NGLV
1853:Eris
1843:Deca
1788:Vega
1783:Unha
1768:SSLV
1761:2-1v
1704:PSLV
1684:Nuri
1652:LVM3
1585:3B/E
1486:GSLV
1255:ISBN
1233:2012
1207:2021
1181:2012
1148:2012
1071:2013
1043:2012
907:S-IC
876:S-II
825:The
795:The
778:S-IC
774:S-IB
596:The
485:S-IV
376:RP-1
193:Mass
177:Mass
161:Mass
132:Mass
111:Size
106:1985
80:S-IV
43:and
3579:V-D
3574:V-C
3569:V-B
3564:V-A
3517:MLV
3463:LCB
3368:C-8
3357:C-5
3351:C-4
3346:C-3
3341:C-2
3309:B-1
3304:A-2
3164:3SL
3159:2FG
3051:23G
3046:34D
2881:SLV
2857:G-1
2852:F-1
2847:E-1
2842:A-1
2837:D-1
2832:B-1
2812:X-4
2802:X-3
2792:X-2
2782:X-1
2598:R-7
2573:N-I
2410:H-I
2312:III
2180:III
2155:E/F
2074:230
2069:130
2064:120
2059:110
2011:VLM
1979:SLS
1917:MLV
1734:SLS
1719:RS1
1645:11H
1417:1.2
917:).
717:J-2
713:F-1
634:F-1
574:LOX
477:LOX
434:J-2
380:LOX
340:F-1
187:TLI
171:GTO
155:LEO
41:LEO
3606::
3392:IB
3174:3F
3154:2M
3061:IV
2765:IB
2748:1B
2743:1A
2702:2M
2660:U2
2640:FG
2568:N1
2551:3S
2546:3H
2541:3C
2536:4S
2531:Mu
2524:4A
2519:3B
2509:2E
2504:2A
2499:1D
2477:4S
2465:3M
2359:II
2317:IV
2307:II
2175:II
2133:II
1905:12
1900:10
1883:31
1878:21
1667:IV
1640:11
1630:7A
1620:6A
1610:5B
1600:4C
1595:4B
1590:3C
1580:3A
1575:2F
1570:2D
1565:2C
1553:11
1548:1A
1496:H3
1449:1S
1422:A5
1324:.
1197:.
1051:^
999:^
648:)
640:,
612:.
572:/
567:LH
526:6
475:/
470:LH
429:4
335:2
279:,
226:,
3272:e
3265:t
3258:v
3186:1
3149:2
3088:3
3083:2
2975:2
2970:1
2958:D
2953:B
2948:A
2936:2
2931:1
2874:1
2827:A
2822:B
2770:V
2760:I
2738:1
2697:2
2692:K
2687:L
2655:U
2650:M
2645:L
2618:L
2613:M
2561:V
2514:3
2494:1
2460:3
2450:1
2354:I
2272:N
2267:M
2262:L
2257:J
2252:G
2247:E
2242:D
2237:C
2232:B
2227:A
2170:I
2165:H
2160:G
2150:D
2145:B
2128:I
2111:5
2106:4
2101:3
2096:2
2091:1
2031:3
1957:4
1952:2
1895:9
1810:2
1793:C
1677:C
1672:V
1662:I
1635:8
1625:7
1615:6
1605:5
1543:1
1516:3
1511:1
1444:1
1372:e
1365:t
1358:v
1331::
1290:.
1279:.
1235:.
1209:.
1183:.
1150:.
1094:.
1073:.
1045:.
1019:.
1015::
589:]
569:2
472:2
378:/
143:3
82:)
78:(
73:)
69:(
64:)
60:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
