40:
1058:
1223:
804:" was elected. The legality of this parliament and its decisions is questioned–Soviets considered that the constitution was nullified by Ulmanis' coup d'état, so the People's Saeima never formally annulled it. However, Latvian lawyers and historians observe that the constitution was still in effect, since Ulmanis' declaration only assigned the functions of the Saeima to the cabinet and did not cancel any part of the constitution, and that the People's Saeima was elected in accordance with the constitution of
855:
2180:
1155:, the parliament of Latvia, consists of 100 members, designated by the constitution as representatives of the people. It is elected in general, equal and direct elections for a term of four years, by secret ballot based on proportional representation of voters in each electoral district. The Constitution describes in general how the Saeima should work, noting that the Saeima should also establish rules of order to regulate its internal operations and order.
1246:, the requirement for a referendum to change articles 4 and 77 was made, and article 82 was fully changed; it now defines types of courts in Latvia. In 2002, requirement for members of Saeima to give a solemn promise to acquire their mandate was added. Official status for the Latvian language was further secured by making it the working language of state and municipal structures. In 2003, several amendments were made in order for Latvia to join the
214:
185:
518:
769:. The first regulated the state's institutions; the second, citizens' rights and obligations. The committee presented its work on 20 September 1921. The first part of the bill was passed on 15 February 1922, while the second part on 5 April 1922 received 62 "Yes" votes, 6 "No" votes and 62 abstentions, which were counted as "No", and therefore was not adopted, mostly because
1176:, and rules that, in the event of war or a state of emergency, military courts can also be established. Judges are to be appointed by the Saeima and this decision is irreversible, the Saeima can forcibly remove a judge from office only upon a decision of the Judicial Disciplinary Board or a judgment of the Court in a criminal case.
1360:"Latvijas Republikas Satversme = Latvejis Republikys Satversme = Leţmō Republik Pūojpandõks = Constitution de la République de Lettonie = The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia = Verfassung der Republik Lettland = Läti Vabariigi põhiseadus = Latvijos Respublikos Konstitucija = Konstitucija Latvijskoj Respubliki | WorldCat.org"
1250:. In 2004, amendments to certain rights of the president and citizens were made. In 2006, an amendment that defined that marriage as the union of one man and one woman was added. In 2007, article 40 was amended and article 81 was abolished. In 2009, possibility for electorate to dissolve the Parliament was introduced.
1315:
emphasising that Latvia is actively participating in international affairs; protecting its interests; and contributing to the human, sustainable, democratic, and responsible development of Europe and the world at large, in line with the national anthem 'God Bless Latvia!', which expresses the idea of
1233:
Provisions for amendments are stated in articles 76-79 of the constitution. Amendments to most articles can be made by the Saeima. Articles 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 77 are exceptions, as article 77 requires a referendum to amend these articles. During the interwar period amendments were rare–only one amendment
1201:
as an independent collegial institution and describes the process of appointing
Auditors General - the procedure is essentially the same as when appointing judges, with the exception that Auditor General has a fixed term of office. The State Audit Office controls how the state financial resources are
1163:
Executive power is vested in the
President and the Cabinet of ministers. The President however is not politically responsible for carrying out his duties and all his orders have to be signed by the Prime Minister or by the appropriate Minister who thereby becomes responsible for this order. There are
1048:
as a derivation of the Weimar
Constitution, especially to the draft Part II of the Satversme. Comparing the Weimar Constitution and the Latvian Constitution adopted in 1922, it can be noticed that the Constitution does not contain fundamental human rights. At the same time, the failure to accept Part
894:
regards as "the most liberal and democratic document of its kind the twentieth century had ever seen ... full of ingenious and admirable devices which seemed to guarantee the working of an almost flawless democracy.". In Latvia some early law experts such as Kārlis Dišlers, Fēlikss Cielēns and modern
1241:
was lowered from 21 to 18. In 1996, the
Constitutional Court was established. In 1997, major changes to the articles regulating the process of elections and the functions of Saeima, the President (including prolonging their terms of office from 3 to 4 years) and the Cabinet were made. In 1998, aside
1193:
The State Audit Office of the
Republic of Latvia is an independent collegial supreme audit institution, a key element in the State's financial control system serving public interest by providing independent assurance on the effective and useful utilization of central and local government resources.
1334:
states that idea Levits has proposed is to describe all basic values of the
Republic of Latvia in order to put a stop to misuse of popular will. A referendum to approve or disapprove the initiative to add an inviolable preamble to the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia is not necessary, stated
1184:
Under the constitution, the right to legislate has been granted to the Saeima. Draft laws may be submitted to the Saeima by the
President, the Cabinet or committees of the Saeima, by more than five MPs or by one-tenth of the electorate if provisions to do so, set out in the Constitution, are met.
1278:
having regard for the fact that, as a result of the consolidation of nation and the formation of national consciousness on 18 November 1918, the
Republic of Latvia that has been proclaimed on the lands historically belonging to Latvians has been established upon the immutable will of the Latvian
1293:
recognizing that the traditions of
Latvian democracy are the citizens' direct participation in the conduct of public affairs and the parliamentary republic, and providing that the Latvian state in its activities especially respects principles of democracy and the rule of law and principles of a
1325:
There was a considerable amount of discussion in Latvia about the initiative for a
Preamble and its contents. For example, some organizations stated that text aims to anchor in the State Constitution an "Ethnic Latvian Nation" as the primary principle of sovereignty, in contrast to the current
1297:
recognizing the inviolability of the independence of the Latvian state, its territory, its territorial integrity, the sovereignty of the people, the Latvian language as the only state language, the democratic set-up of the state, and that it is the responsibility of everyone to protect these
1800:
Originally, article 82 stated that all citizens of Latvia are equal before the law and the courts. Article 91 now makes a similar statement but, unlike the original article 82, it refers to all human beings in Latvia and states that human rights should be enforced with no
1311:
and Christian values significantly shaped our identity; that the values of the society are freedom, honesty, justice, and solidarity; that family is the basic unit of the society; and that work is a foundation for growth and prosperity of everyone and the nation as a
1110:
Articles 1, 2, 3 and 6, which establish the legal basis of the state's political system, were the first to be adopted after the restoration of independence. These articles, along with articles 4 and 77, can only be amended if submitted to a national referendum:
1289:
in awareness that the Latvian state's basic task is to promote the spiritual, social, cultural, and material welfare, ensuring legal order, safety, environmental protection, and conservation of nature and reconciling economic development with human values and
626:
Although the initial text consisted of two parts, the second part - which regulated citizens' rights, freedoms and obligations - failed to pass by just a few votes; the chapter on fundamental human rights was added only by a constitutional amendment in 1998.
1282:
bearing in mind that the people won their state during the Latvian War of Liberation, that it did not recognize the occupation authorities, and that it resisted them, and on the basis of state continuity, restoring state independence, it regained its
992:
had close ties with Germany, which made it easier to access and exchange information of ideas with the new Weimar Republic. This is sometimes evidenced by the very similar arguments of the Social Democrats in the process of drafting the constitution:
1301:
pointing out that all have a duty to take care of themselves, their kinsmen, and the common good of society and to behave responsibly toward their fellow human beings, society, the state, the environment, nature, and future
39:
1164:
two exceptions to this rule - the President can single-handedly decide to dissolve the Saeima and when a new government is formed it is up to him to choose a new Prime Minister. The cabinet is formed by the Prime Minister.
830:
1274:
In order to ensure the existence of the Latvian nation through the centuries, preservation and development of the Latvian language and culture, prosperity of every human being and people as a whole, the Latvian
1141:
If the Saeima has amended the first, second, third, fourth, sixth or seventy-seventh Article of the Constitution, such amendments, in order to come into force as law, shall be submitted to a national referendum.
833:
and adopted articles 1, 2, 3 and 6 of the constitution of 1922. The rest of the constitution remained in abeyance until it was reviewed to fit the modern situation, thus the constitution was fully reinforced by
1620:
599:
constitution still in force and the sixth oldest still-functioning republican basic law in the world. It was adopted, as it states itself in the text, by the people of Latvia, as represented in the
2164:
657:
1865:
1049:
II of the Satversme is not a deliberate abandonment of the model of the Weimar Constitution, but the reason for not accepting it is a political dispute over the content of individual rights.
1021:
system of constitutional control at the time. The German republic system chosen as the Weimar Constitution corresponded to the ideas of national and statehood ideas of Latvia as well. The
846:, as their pre-war constitutions had been written and amended during their authoritarian regimes, while Ulmanis regime had not changed anything in the democratic Satversme of 1922.
1316:
a free nation-state in its freely elected Constitutional Assembly, have strengthened the Latvian national constitutional order and adopted the following Satversme of the state.
700:. Kronvalds and like-minded individuals created and introduced many new words and terms intended to be used over Germanic loanwords to modernize Latvian. He derived the term
1057:
2601:
1234:
was made and one major amendment was almost passed, but was never adopted due to the coup. Since the renewal of independence, however, eight amendments have been made.
1037:
in the Constitutional Assembly in Latvia and as a widely known language at that place and time, contributed to the choice of the Weimar Constitution as a system for the
1819:
899:
agree that Weimar Constitution was underlying the wording of the Constitution of Latvia (Satversme), and in some way is a synthesis between the Weimar Constitution and
664:. Only articles 1, 2, 3 and 6 of Satversme were reintroduced at that time by the declaration; the constitution was fully reintroduced only by the first assembly of the
1840:
501:
1612:
1222:
1173:
994:
660:, declaring the 1940 Soviet annexation of Latvia illegal (as it was done by ignoring Satversme), and therefore the Satversme and Republic of Latvia still existed
838:
on 6 July 1993 in accordance to 14 article of law "On organisation of job of Supreme Council of Republic of Latvia" In 1992 neighboring Estonia voted on a new
2713:
1449:
1198:
558:
1466:
1029:, allowed to take over the norms of the Weimar Constitution not only formally, but also to envisage their settlement in the general population and society.
989:
402:
397:
392:
1210:
Although the constitutional bill included a chapter that was to regulate citizens' rights and obligations this was not originally adopted. The chapter on
977:
Within the process of drafting the constitution, a special commission was established, in Germany - "Constitutional Commission of the National Assembly" (
1279:
nation and its inextinguishable right to self-determination in order freely to self-determine and as a nation‑state to build the future in its own state;
757:), which consisted of 150 members (later 152) elected in April 1920 in general elections. The initial text was elaborated by a Constitutional committee (
1517:
827:
653:
1891:"Jarinovska, Kristine. "Popular Initiatives as Means of Altering the Core of the Republic of Latvia", Juridica International. Vol. 20, 2013. p. 152"
1127:
The territory of the State of Latvia, within the borders established by international agreements, consists of Vidzeme, Latgale, Kurzeme and Zemgale.
2031:
1558:
961:
1286:
expressing gratitude to the state's founders, honouring its freedom-fighters, and commemorating the victims of retaliations by invaders' forces;
641:, Satversme was suspended and government assumed the law-giving functions of the Saeima. This situation continued until June 17, 1940, when the
2663:
2132:
1259:
1044:
According to the transcripts of the meetings of the Constitutional Assembly, the deputies of the Constitutional Assembly sometimes referred to
481:
2875:
2594:
1719:
1679:
1652:
2127:
2102:
1669:
1270:
on 2013 described all basic values of the Republic of Latvia and Latvians. Levits draft of preamble to the Satversme stated the following:
947:
The creation of governmental institution which members are elected by the people whose aim is to draft a constitution. In Germany it was -
891:
689:
1131:
4. The Latvian language is the official language in The Republic of Latvia. The national flag of Latvia shall be red with a band of white.
1102:
Thus the constitution establishes five government bodies - the Saeima, the President, the Cabinet, the Courts and the State Audit Office.
773:
parties were against it. On 20 June 1922 a law was passed that set the new constitution to come into force at 12 a.m. on 7 November 1922.
1515:
Resolution of Five senators of Senate of Latvia on validity of Constitution of Latvia and authority of Saeima in conditions of occupation
819:. It was adopted a month after, on 25 August 1940. On 18 April 1978 the government of the LSSR adopted a new constitution modeled on the
2998:
2305:
2122:
923:
642:
422:
350:
345:
340:
310:
1760:
2870:
2683:
2246:
2147:
474:
377:
372:
367:
3003:
2936:
2708:
2271:
2215:
2159:
1497:
952:
750:
646:
600:
163:
1811:
730:"-e", creating a word that in its meaning is similar to "holder", to illustrate how a constitution holds together all other laws.
2587:
2437:
551:
3013:
2951:
2903:
2795:
2790:
2142:
997:(USPD) warned that the President should not be given unlimited powers, as the President was perceived as a kind of "substitute
1136:
The Saeima shall be elected in general, equal and direct elections, and by secret ballot based on proportional representation.
2977:
738:
138:
777:
631:
2908:
2755:
2396:
2330:
1580:
927:
1844:
1409:
1073:
The Constitution of Latvia is a codified constitution and currently consists of 116 articles arranged in eight chapters:
808:, not in accordance with that of Latvia, and thus it had no legal rights to legislate, and by declaring accession to the
2913:
2386:
1923:
1336:
531:
3008:
2261:
2117:
2024:
1776:
Articles 4. and 77. were not originally included, an amendment to this article adding them was made on 15 October 1998
544:
494:
435:
2480:
1963:
2855:
2825:
2785:
2765:
2745:
2648:
2410:
2205:
766:
608:
596:
445:
2941:
2760:
2457:
2295:
2290:
1994:
1950:
1463:
1263:
843:
460:
2961:
2946:
2893:
2840:
2835:
2810:
2668:
2315:
2220:
2210:
988:
were widely represented in both the National Assembly in Weimar and the Constitutional Assembly in Latvia. The
948:
883:
820:
816:
635:
261:
150:
2931:
1025:, including legal, in the Latvian territory, with its significant influence on the legal consciousness of the
815:
After declaring accession to the USSR, the People's Saeima drafted a Constitution of LSSR on the basis of the
188:
1242:
from adding chapter eight (fundamental human rights) to the constitution, official status was secured to the
2865:
2815:
2775:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2673:
2658:
2653:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2137:
839:
134:
1866:"Latvia is Following the Undemocratic Footsteps of Hungary With its Proposed Preamble to the Constitution,
1514:
854:
2956:
2898:
2860:
2850:
2830:
2820:
2805:
2800:
2780:
2718:
2703:
2678:
2490:
2447:
2422:
2278:
2097:
2017:
1001:". In Latvia, the Latvian Social Democrats defended the principle that the president ideologically is the
958:
Latvia, similarly to the Weimar Republic, adopted a temporary constitutional laws, in the Weimar Republic
801:
939:
The Law of the Council of People's Deputies of 29 November 1918 on the elections of the National Assembly
922:
and the Republic of Latvia, which began with the establishment of a pre-parliament, which in Germany was
239:
2845:
2770:
2740:
2356:
2283:
298:
1555:
2535:
2266:
2092:
1704:
1433:
871:
793:
734:
620:
603:, on 15 February 1922 and came into force on 7 November 1922. It was heavily influenced by Germany's
440:
254:
122:
117:
95:
2432:
2391:
2376:
2310:
2256:
2200:
2188:
2072:
1927:
1331:
879:
867:
762:
616:
604:
323:
303:
234:
105:
1339:
2510:
2462:
2371:
2300:
2234:
2082:
1062:
900:
724:
204:
92:
1395:
1326:
multi-ethnic country which is composed of the "people of Latvia". Others opposed mentioning of "
835:
665:
2554:
2520:
2472:
2381:
2344:
2169:
2152:
2049:
1898:
1715:
1685:
1675:
1648:
1493:
1391:
1066:
887:
785:
781:
638:
584:
276:
1642:
943:
The Law of the People's Council of 19 August 1919 on Elections of the Constitutional Assembly
2485:
2452:
2427:
2366:
2112:
1757:
1388:
Jarinovska, K. "Popular Initiatives as Means of Altering the Core of the Republic of Latvia"
1330:" and "Latvian life-wisdom" as outdated and not fitting for the 21st century. Legal scholar
1327:
1243:
1172:
The Constitution establishes district (city) courts, regional courts, the Supreme Court and
1034:
985:
697:
576:
692:
in the 19th century. The movement was trying to promote Latvian culture after centuries of
2563:
2530:
2525:
2515:
2495:
2442:
2087:
1967:
1764:
1584:
1562:
1521:
1470:
1437:
1413:
1294:
national and social state, recognize and protect human rights, including minority rights;
1030:
919:
1890:
1387:
684:), while in everyday conversations "konstitūcija" is often used. The word was created by
266:
2500:
2361:
1955:
1841:"Kā tikt pie kvalitatīvas un leģitīmas Satversmes preambulas?, politika.lv, 31.10.2013"
1307:
1247:
1022:
904:
693:
685:
450:
213:
77:
2992:
2568:
2077:
2067:
2062:
1754:
1018:
875:
522:
1450:Šodien priekš 90 gadiem — Satversmes sapulce balso par Satversmes 2.daļas pieņemšanu
2610:
2505:
1924:"Justice Minister: approval of preamble to Constitution will not need a referendum"
1267:
1211:
934:
809:
805:
455:
649:
into the USSR on August 5. A new, Soviet-style constitution was then introduced.
623:, Courts, State Auditor); it consists of 116 articles arranged in eight chapters.
2107:
1002:
915:
863:
797:
1577:
1951:
The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia - Official translation at Likumi.lv
1689:
1406:
1359:
1238:
800:
was established by occupying Soviet Union forces and a parliament called the "
789:
727:
192:
87:
1972:
1902:
1122:
The sovereign power of the State of Latvia is vested in the people of Latvia.
430:
129:
1705:"About The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia: History and Modern Days"
2579:
1960:
1788:
796:
until a new constitution was to be drafted, which never happened. In 1940
1026:
981:), in Latvia - "Constitutional Commission of the Constitutional Assembly"
98:
17:
1599:
1984:
1006:
770:
661:
1185:
Laws are to be adopted by the Saeima and proclaimed by the President.
2614:
2320:
2179:
2040:
1956:
The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia - The Parliament of Latvia
1600:
Law "On organisation of job of Supreme Council of Republic of Latvia"
1227:
1152:
998:
896:
720:
709:
612:
592:
291:
110:
62:
1755:
Constitution of the Republic of Latvia with amendments and revisions
1671:
The centenary of Latvias's foreign affairs: Ideas and personalities
1464:
The Constitutional Assembly: The first elected parliament of Latvia
733:
Other examples of the use of the word include the Satversme of the
2057:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1989:
1539:
Editorial board of chief editorial office of encyclopedias (1987)
1221:
1056:
974:
in order to regulate relations in the state prior the constitution
853:
858:
Inauguration of the Constitutional Assembly of Latvia, 1 May 1920
1668:
Potjomkina, Diāna; Sprūds, Andris; Ščerbinskis, Valters (2016).
1226:
Combined edition of the Satversme and the Rules of Order of the
761:) and consisted of two parts. It was influenced by ideas of the
2583:
2013:
910:
Some similarities between Weimar Constitution and Latvian are:
878:
is often attributed as the author of the draft version of the
611:. The constitution establishes the main bodies of government (
44:
Constitution of Latvia published in the government newspaper
1262:
was adopted by Saeima. Preamble text initially presented by
658:
On the Restoration of Independence of the Republic of Latvia
1644:
Rise And Fall Of The Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany
1383:
1381:
1379:
1430:
1532:
1530:
1973:
The Constitution of Latvia by Dr. Iur. Ringolds Balodis
1214:
was added as part of constitutional amendment in 1998.
784:
took place; the subsequent cabinet of Ulmanis passed a
1613:"The Weimar Constitution and its "Father" Hugo Preuss"
645:, destroyed the existing regime, and incorporated the
1098:
Chapter 8: Fundamental human rights (articles 89-116)
1061:
Satversme 90th anniversary edition with editions in
2970:
2922:
2884:
2621:
2471:
2409:
2343:
2233:
2187:
2048:
177:
169:
159:
149:
144:
128:
116:
104:
86:
76:
68:
58:
53:
32:
1095:Chapter 7: The State Audit Office (articles 87-88)
1017:, the Weimar Constitution was the most modern and
1812:"Saeima expands the Constitution with a preamble"
1390:, Juridica International. Vol. 20, 2013. p. 152
812:, it broke the first article of the Satversme.
1747:
1745:
1743:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1733:
1731:
1507:
1505:
1113:
866:nations which adopted some ideas from the 1919
1481:
1479:
995:Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany
680:is officially used instead of 'constitution' (
2595:
2025:
1117:Latvia is an independent democratic republic.
831:declared restoration of Latvia's independence
552:
8:
1199:State Audit Office of the Republic of Latvia
1077:Chapter 1: General Provisions (articles 1-4)
2160:Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic 1944–1991
962:Das Gesetz über die vorläufige Staatsgewalt
2602:
2588:
2580:
2415:
2349:
2239:
2193:
2032:
2018:
2010:
1712:The Constitution of the Republic of Latvia
1426:
1424:
1422:
951:convened on February 6, 1919. In Latvia -
559:
545:
199:
38:
1556:Declaration of independence of 4 May 1990
1083:Chapter 3: The President (articles 35-54)
1578:First sitting of 5th Saeima (transcript)
1305:being aware that Latvian ethno-cultural
1543:Chief editorial office of encyclopedias
1351:
1089:Chapter 5: Legislation (articles 64-81)
1086:Chapter 4: The Cabinet (articles 55-63)
202:
1703:Apsītis, Romāns; Pleps, Janis (2012).
1260:Preamble of the Constitution of Latvia
29:
2123:Occupation by the Soviet Union (1940)
7:
2103:The First Latvian National Awakening
892:The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich
749:The Constitution was drafted by the
690:the First Latvian National Awakening
708:("to grip"), combining it with the
696:influence and encourage use of the
1647:. Simon and Schuster. p. 56.
1490:Jaunāko laiku vēsture 20. gadsimts
1092:Chapter 6: Courts (articles 82-86)
968:Declaration on the State of Latvia
25:
1197:The Constitution establishes the
1080:Chapter 2: Saeima (articles 5-34)
862:Latvia was one of the early post
751:Constitutional Assembly of Latvia
601:Constitutional Assembly of Latvia
164:Constitutional Assembly of Latvia
2178:
972:Provisions of the Latvian State,
960:Law on Provisional State Power (
924:Council of the People's Deputies
591:) is the fundamental law of the
516:
212:
183:
2143:Soviet deportations from Latvia
1995:Saeima (the Latvian Parliament)
1872:(Press release). Prnewswire.com
1822:from the original on 2014-07-06
1767:(Retrieved on 24 December 2006)
1623:from the original on 2015-09-06
1565:(Retrieved on 24 December 2006)
1524:(Retrieved on 24 December 2006)
1473:(Retrieved on 24 December 2006)
1023:historical influence of Germany
1758:(Official english translation)
1617:The National Library of Israel
739:Constitution Protection Bureau
1:
1843:. Politika.lv. Archived from
1791:(Retrieved on 3 January 2008)
1602:(Retrieved on 2 January 2007)
1587:(Retrieved on 2 January 2007)
712:"sa-", which yields the word
1897:. Juridicainternational.eu.
1789:About the State Audit Office
949:The Weimar National Assembly
643:Soviet Union occupied Latvia
502:Ministers of foreign affairs
1641:Shirer, William L. (1990).
1013:During the drafting of the
953:The Constitutional Assembly
788:that gave the functions of
597:Eastern or Central European
3030:
2999:Latvian constitutional law
2133:by the Soviet Union (1944)
1922:BNN (September 27, 2013).
1488:Freibergs J. (1998, 2001)
1337:Justice Minister of Latvia
955:, convened on May 1, 1920.
928:People's Council of Latvia
767:Swiss Federal Constitution
609:Swiss Federal Constitution
595:. Satversme is the oldest
2548:
2418:
2352:
2242:
2196:
2176:
1990:Chancery of the President
1440:(retrieved on 2007-05-26)
1416:(retrieved on 2007-05-26)
1264:European Court of Justice
844:Constitution of Lithuania
802:People's Saeima of Latvia
182:
37:
27:Fundamental law of Latvia
3004:Constitutions by country
2247:Administrative divisions
2005:The Cabinet of Ministers
1561:5 September 2007 at the
1206:Fundamental human rights
990:Latvian Social Democrats
884:Weimar National Assembly
821:1977 Soviet Constitution
817:1936 Soviet Constitution
778:1934 Latvian coup d'état
688:, one of the leaders of
636:Prime Minister of Latvia
632:1934 Latvian coup d'état
475:Administrative divisions
2272:Government institutions
1541:Politiskā enciklopēdija
1321:Controversy of Preamble
882:that was passed by the
840:Constitution of Estonia
716:(to grasp), adding the
656:passed the declaration
588:
3014:Independence of Latvia
2664:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1895:Juridica International
1714:. Latvijas Vēstnesis.
1230:
1144:
1070:
859:
842:as did Lithuania with
828:Supreme Soviet of LSSR
654:Supreme Soviet of LSSR
580:
573:Constitution of Latvia
189:Constitution of Latvia
33:Constitution of Latvia
2397:2008 financial crisis
1979:Constitutional bodies
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1060:
979:Verfassungskommission
914:The establishment of
857:
1985:Constitutional Court
1174:Constitutional Court
933:The adoption of the
794:Cabinet of Ministers
735:University of Latvia
621:Cabinet of Ministers
2885:States with limited
2448:Illegal immigration
2331:Statistical regions
2118:War of Independence
2073:Corded Ware culture
1928:Baltic News Network
1364:search.worldcat.org
1332:Kristine Jarinovska
1069:and other languages
1033:, being one of the
876:Hugo Preuß (Preuss)
868:Weimar Constitution
763:Weimar Constitution
759:Satversmes komisija
652:On May 4, 1990 the
605:Weimar Constitution
78:Date effective
3009:Politics of Latvia
2387:Telecommunications
2372:Latvian euro coins
2083:Kingdom of Livonia
2000:State Audit Office
1966:2002-12-03 at the
1870:, October 2, 2013"
1763:2007-07-13 at the
1583:2007-09-27 at the
1520:2007-02-24 at the
1469:2007-01-03 at the
1436:2007-07-05 at the
1431:Politics in Latvia
1412:2007-06-03 at the
1231:
1189:State Audit Office
1071:
916:state institutions
901:Westminster system
886:, which historian
860:
826:On 4 May 1990 the
755:Satversmes sapulce
593:Republic of Latvia
205:Politics of Latvia
46:Valdības Vēstnesis
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2262:Foreign relations
2229:
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2170:Post independence
2153:Latvian partisans
1961:Latvian Law guide
1721:978-9984-840-20-8
1681:978-9984-583-99-0
1654:978-0-671-72868-7
1035:working languages
888:William L. Shirer
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495:Foreign relations
423:Political parties
330:Recent elections
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698:Latvian language
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1106:Key principles
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1027:Latvian people
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931:
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905:United Kingdom
851:
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782:Kārlis Ulmanis
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704:from the root
686:Atis Kronvalds
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1847:on 2014-07-20
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1498:9984-17-049-7
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1492:Zvaigzne ABC
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2165:Independence
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2952:Isle of Man
2887:recognition
2856:Switzerland
2791:Netherlands
2357:Agriculture
2108:New Current
1180:Legislation
1019:progressive
864:World War I
798:Latvian SSR
786:declaration
702:"satversme"
647:Latvian SSR
589:Pūojpandõks
311:Dissolution
170:Signatories
2993:Categories
2826:San Marino
2786:Montenegro
2766:Luxembourg
2746:Kazakhstan
2649:Azerbaijan
2536:Television
2511:Literature
2428:Healthcare
2267:Government
1933:2014-06-22
1908:2014-06-22
1876:2014-06-22
1868:PRNewswire
1851:2014-06-22
1826:2021-03-23
1690:1012747806
1627:2021-03-23
1369:2024-01-31
1346:References
1239:voting age
1218:Amendments
890:in a book
836:5th Saeima
790:parliament
776:On 15 May
666:5th Saeima
630:After the
255:Government
193:Wikisource
151:Amendments
111:Unicameral
2942:Gibraltar
2761:Lithuania
2521:Mythology
2433:Education
2392:Transport
2311:President
2257:Elections
2189:Geography
2138:Holocaust
1903:1406-5509
1816:saeima.lv
1396:1406-5509
1063:Latgalian
1046:Satversme
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678:satversme
672:Etymology
668:in 1993.
581:Satversme
324:Elections
235:President
178:Full text
160:Author(s)
130:Judiciary
118:Executive
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2947:Guernsey
2894:Abkhazia
2841:Slovenia
2836:Slovakia
2811:Portugal
2669:Bulgaria
2564:Category
2463:Religion
2453:Language
2301:Military
2235:Politics
1964:Archived
1820:Archived
1761:Archived
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1581:Archived
1559:Archived
1518:Archived
1467:Archived
1434:Archived
1410:Archived
1283:freedom;
1254:Preamble
1067:Livonian
1053:Overview
765:and the
737:and the
725:feminine
723:and the
607:and the
585:Livonian
389:European
273:Cabinet
106:Chambers
99:republic
54:Overview
2866:Ukraine
2816:Romania
2776:Moldova
2734:Ireland
2729:Iceland
2724:Hungary
2714:Germany
2709:Georgia
2699:Finland
2694:Estonia
2689:Denmark
2674:Croatia
2659:Belgium
2654:Belarus
2644:Austria
2639:Armenia
2634:Andorra
2629:Albania
2555:Outline
2526:Pottery
2496:Cuisine
2473:Culture
2411:Society
2382:Tourism
2345:Economy
2201:Climate
2050:History
1298:values;
1275:people;
1007:monarch
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874:lawyer
872:Liberal
850:Origins
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780:led by
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745:History
714:satvert
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662:de jure
577:Latvian
299:Speaker
145:History
135:Supreme
69:Created
2957:Jersey
2899:Kosovo
2861:Turkey
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2831:Serbia
2821:Russia
2806:Poland
2801:Norway
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2704:France
2679:Cyprus
2615:Europe
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999:kaiser
728:ending
721:suffix
710:prefix
613:Saeima
337:Saeima
292:Saeima
277:Siliņa
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63:Latvia
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2741:Italy
2531:Sport
2516:Music
2443:Crime
2211:Lakes
1708:(PDF)
2501:Flag
2284:LGBT
1899:ISSN
1716:ISBN
1686:OCLC
1676:ISBN
1649:ISBN
1494:ISBN
1392:ISSN
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984:The
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