Saud of Saudi Arabia - Knowledge (XXG)

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also stressed that the "non-aligned" countries in the region were benefiting from Soviet aid more than the American allied countries were benefiting from American aid. He considered that this aid should double if the American President wished to succeed in his endeavors. King Saud asked Dwight D. Eisenhower to exert pressure on Israel to withdraw from the occupied territories of Palestine and settle the Palestinian cause, and to convince France to reach a settlement regarding the independence of Algeria. On the other hand, he promised to inform the Arabs of the Eisenhower Doctrine and its purposes; and to inquire about the Arab reaction on the official and officious levels before making any commitments. King Saud explained to the American President that a large bulk of his country's budget was allocated to development projects and to the five-year plan and that he needed military aid before being able to play any role expected from him in fighting

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Labour and broadcasting and the bureau of public inspection in 1955, to the existing ministries of foreign affairs, finance, interior, defence, and communications. In 1953, the decision had already been taken to move the ministries, then located in Jeddah, to Riyadh, the country's official capital. This had called for the construction of suitable new buildings and the provision of adequate housing for employees. This was an ignition point for Riyadh's modernization and development. Saud's half-brother and crown prince,

4705: 66: 1308: 5251: 2238: 4882: 4756: 4655: 1402:, an oil zone between the frontiers of Saudi Arabia, Oman and Abu Dhabi which was under British protection. The issue of the Al Buraymi Oasis was one of the issues that had been raised since the reign of his father King Abdulaziz and was still pending. After several clashes, the case went to international arbitration. When he accepted the American president's invitation to the United States he received a good welcome, but the Mayor of New York, 1076:, including the Air Force, were modernized on a large scale with American assistance. The Saudi Arabian Airlines fleet was also expanded by the purchase of four new 'Sky Masters' to primarily facilitate the transport of Pilgrims from their homes to the sites of pilgrimage and back, and also within the Kingdom. On 10 June 1953, Saud with the approval of his father also laid the foundation stone for the expansion and refurbishment of the 5121: 1583: 1166: 889: 4453: 1125:, was appointed prime minister while retaining his former portfolio of foreign minister. A five years plan was started, as mentioned in King Saud's first cabinet speech in 1954. The same year King Saud established the Grievance Board which was attached to the council of ministers which became an independent body in 1955. The board was headed by 973:), who said to him: "in his character, he represented the choicest and purest of the traits and attributes of the Arabian Peninsula." When a crisis erupted between the neighboring Bahrain and Qatar, Saud visited the former in December 1937 in order to help sort out their differences. This was followed by other visits to the until the eve of the 748: 1348:, along with many other princes. As a means of exerting pressure on the British and French governments, he used a weapon never used before, when he blocked oil exports, banning all British and French tankers and other tankers carrying Saudi oil to these two countries. He also broke off relations with Britain and France. 1686:

In 2001, his daughter Buniah (born 1960) was arrested and charged with assaulting her maid in Florida. She was held for one night in prison and was released on bail of $ 5,000 and ordered to surrender her passport. After the death of his elder brother Turki, Saud married his wife, Muneera bint Obaid;

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Following these events Faisal ordered the National Guard to surround Saud's palace. In March 1964 Saud finally relented and named Faisal regent with full executive powers, effectively reducing himself to a figurehead. In November, the ulema, cabinet and senior members of the ruling family forced Saud

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Immediately after Abdulaziz's death, a fierce struggle erupted between his two eldest surviving sons, Saud and Faisal. The increase in oil revenues did not solve the financial problem associated with Saudi Arab debt, estimated to have been $ US200 million in 1953. In fact, this debt more than doubled

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invited King Saud to undertake an official visit to the U.S. in 1957 since he believed that King Saud played a crucial role in implementing his doctrine of deterring and fighting communism in the Middle East and the Islamic countries. Once King Saud received the invitation he convened with Presidents

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after a meeting held in Dammam on 20 September 1956. It was followed that same month and in the same place by a meeting with President Gamal Abdel Nasser and the Syrian President Shukri al-Quwatli during which he confirmed his total support for the Egyptian stand in this crisis. When Britain, France,

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In keeping with universal practice, a proper annual state budget had first been issued during 1948 and following the establishment of the above central banking body, SAMA, the third Saudi national budget for the year 1952 complied with internationally observed standards. During this period, technical

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King Saud was still keen on keeping the region free of political and defense blocs that only support a superpower against another. Despite his solid relations with the American system, on which he relied in several areas because of the oil discovery and production, he seriously thought of canceling

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of Yemen joined the Arab endeavors to unify their ranks when he signed the joint defense agreement with Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. This event took place after the Imam's meeting with King Saud, President Gamal Abdel Nasser, and President Shukri al-Quwatli on 21 April 1956, following the Jeddah

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King Saud played a role of utmost importance on the regional, Arab, Islamic, and international political stages. He started his worldwide tours after finishing touring of his country's regions. He visited Arab and friendly countries for strategic and political purposes. He began his tour in 1954 in

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Apart from financial and administrative reforms, the report presented to Abdulaziz by Prince Saud, had commended the implementation of a whole range of vital infrastructure projects relating to the improvement of facilities for the Pilgrims, so important to the Kingdom from a religious and economic

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Following Saud's visits, he concentrated on the first areas to be deemed in sore need of modernization and reform in view of increasing revenues and expenditures, these were the governance and handling the country's finances. After seeking advice and expert help from a number of friendly countries,

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He was described as "although not as large as his illustrious father, King Saud is about six feet two inches (187 cm) in height and weighs well over two hundred pounds. Like his father, he has weak eyes, but he has also inherited Abdulaziz's magnetic smile and a keen sense of humor, which wins him

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King Saud continued his attempts to regain power and formed a cabinet in Jeddah in December 1963. He ordered the Mecca radio to announce the formation of his cabinet. The army forces loyal to Faisal besieged the radio station and did not allow the radio to broadcast it. In addition, Faisal gave an

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Within this scheme, Dwight D. Eisenhower offered a 25 million dollar loan to the Saudi Government on 24 January 1957. In return, King Saud explained that he had refused Soviet Union military aid to fight Britain and that Britain's policy was what urged the Arabs to seek the Soviet Union's help. He

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King Saud had used this economic weapon for the first time although he was aware of the possible repercussions of such a procedure on the national economy. He sustained his support after the war so as to remove the aftermath of the aggression. He offered generous contributions, including 2 million

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against France, diplomatically and financially. King Saud made a statement inviting people to donate money for the revolution; the donations amounted to $ 1,200,000. The government donated one million dollars of that amount in 1956, and the rest of the donations were granted yearly. King Saud kept

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King Saud announced to the new council of ministers in his very first speech as King, that, while his father's reign was noted for military conquests, he intended his reign to be "a war on poverty, ignorance, and disease with the equitable application of the dictates of the holy Sharia laws to all

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Many of these reforms, along with the complete reorganisation of the system of public administration, through the establishment or restructuring of new or existing ministries and departments, and conceived and recognised as the "Crown Prince's Reforms", issued from his Office by a Decree under his

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did not pledge his allegiance to Saud as crown prince and before the gathering he left Riyadh for Mecca. Upon his appointment as crown prince, Abdulaziz told his son that he should be devoted to spreading Islam, take good care of his subjects, and pay attention to the advice of religious scholars.

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In order to cope adequately with the responsibilities of this challenge, and facilitate realistically the implementation of his programme he initially doubled the number of ministries to ten by adding the portfolios of education, agriculture, health, commerce, and industry, plus two directorates:

988:, Saud was again selected by his father to represent him and his country, and participated in the adoption of the famous resolution that declared that: "The Palestinian cause is the cause of all Arabs and not merely the Palestinians". In 1947, Saud visited the United States and met with President 2203:

King Saud died at the age of 67 on 23 February 1969 in Athens after suffering a heart attack. Two days before his death, he felt ill and asked his doctor Filnger from Austria to examine him. However, his physician arrived after he had died. In the morning of that day, Saud took a short walk on a

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Before briefing his Arab peers about the results of this visit and the Eisenhower Doctrine, King Saud visited Spain, Morocco, Tunisia and Libya and informed them of these results. In February 1957 he met the leaders of Egypt, Syria, and Jordan in Cairo and informed them of Dwight D. Eisenhower's

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In November 1955, King Saud granted a 16 million dollars loan to Syria for five years. He agreed to exchange products and exempt agricultural products from import-export license and custom duties. With the continuous Israeli assault on Jordan in 1955, King Saud invited military leaders of Egypt,

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Maintaining his support to the Arab countries after the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company on 26 July 1956, although the Egyptian Government did not consult him as it did with Syria in taking that decision contrary to his expectations as a military ally. He succeeded in strengthening his

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King Saud and Prince Faisal continued their power struggle until 1962 when Prince Faisal formed a cabinet in the absence of the King, who had gone abroad for medical treatment. Prince Faisal allied with Prince Fahd and Prince Sultan. Prince Faisal's new government excluded the sons of Saud. He

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In 1958, Saud was forced to delegate most of his executive powers to Faisal. Saud and Faisal fought an internal battle over the definition of political responsibilities and the division of government functions. Saud was often associated among other things with the plundering of oil revenues,

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Despite traditionally intimate ties of his country with the United States of America, and the ingrained alienation of communism and Islamic beliefs, he refused to join the American sponsored the Baghdad Pact of 1955, (later on the Central Treaty Organisation – CENTO), – aimed at opposing the

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objectives. Under the influence of Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and the Syrian President Shukri al-Quwatli, King Saud, wanting to support a unanimous Arab stand, decided to back up the Egyptian and Syrian Presidents in their decision not to contribute to the Eisenhower Doctrine.

1413:, the Swedish UN Secretary-General in which he addressed the different aspects of the Arab complaints, in accordance with the UN charter and its powers. He invited all countries to value the charter and implement it in full; he also addressed the outcomes and repercussions of the 789:

and horse-riding amongst other things under the supervision of his father, as well as tribal lineages, and how to conduct peace agreements, and the art of wars, politics, diplomacy, and administration in the traditional Arabian ways. His formal tutors were his father's advisors,

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Upon his return, King Saud rejected Prince Faisal's new arrangement and threatened to mobilize the Royal Guard against his brother. In response, Prince Faisal demanded King Saud make him regent and turn over all royal powers to him. In this, he had the crucial backing of the

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Earlier, on 19 October 1953, Abdulaziz had also appointed Crown Prince Saud as prime minister for the first Saudi Cabinet. Before that, he appointed him as Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces and Internal Security Units on 25 August 1953. During this period, the

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In 1957, King Saud also founded King Saud University in Riyadh. He clarified the duties and responsibilities of the cabinet minister in May 1958. He declared in 1960 that schools would be established to educate girls in religious matters, including

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of 1947, and the project for bringing water from the nearby Wadi Fatimah to Jeddah was also inaugurated by him shortly during November 1947. The Hajj of 1950 witnessed the establishment of the Mecca college that was later to be expanded and renamed

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was sent to Al Naṣariah Palace of King Saud to demand his and his sons' loyalty to the chosen king, Faisal. On 28 November 1964 an official announcement was made in Radio Mecca stating that 11 of Saud's sons had declared allegiance to King Faisal.

527:, in 1919 poised Saud to become his father's successor; King Abdulaziz appointed him as the crown prince of Saudi Arabia in 1933. Saud served as a commander in Abdulaziz's conquests that led to the establishment of Saudi Arabia in 1932. He was the 3746: 5451: 554:, culminating in the forced abdication of Saud and the proclamation of Faisal as king. Saud went into exile and made an unsuccessful attempt, supported by some of his sons, to take back the throne. He died in Athens, Greece, in 1969. 1425:, and the effective role that he expected of him as a powerful friend of the United States of America and as an eminent Arab and Muslim leader in fighting the communist movement invading the Middle East and the Islamic countries. 769:

Prince Saud's full siblings were Prince Turki, Prince Khalid, Prince Abdullah and Princess Mounira. Of them Khalid and Abdullah died young. Their mother was Abdulaziz's second wife, Wadha bint Muhammad Al Orair, who was from the

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seal on 19 October 1952, were destined to be developed, built upon and some even implemented after the demise of Abdulaziz on 9 November 1953 and during Saud's reign as King. The traditional Consultative Council in Mecca, the

5989: 1550:. In 1966 Saud was invited by Nasser to live in Egypt; another report claims that King Saud went to Egypt under refuge granted by Nasser and stayed there from 1966 to 1967. King Saud was also allowed to broadcast on 1100:

Saud succeeded his father Abdulaziz as King on 9 November 1953 upon the latter's death. He ascended the throne in a political climate very different from the time when his father Abdulaziz established his Kingdom.

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The following year, King Abdulaziz sent two military expeditions; one of them was led by Crown Prince Saud, who regained Najran and advanced secretly through the rugged mountains in the northwest part of Yemen.

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During his reign, King Saud was the recipient of many honors and orders of various nations. In the formal portraits of King Saud in ceremonial uniform, he is wearing the breast stars of the following orders.

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The battle between the two brothers was fought over the role to be assigned to the Council of Ministers. Saud abolished the office of Prime Minister by royal decree, thus enforcing his position as King and

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Syria, Lebanon and Jordan to Riyadh in order to discuss procedures to counter the aggression. He agreed to cover all expenses of reinforcing Jordan's National Guard and armed forces. He also supported the

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It was during King Saud's reign that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia instituted, either in 1954 or 1955, its own series of orders, decorations, and medals. This series of awards consisted of the following:

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in Cairo in March 1956 of making a joint statement regarding their understanding of security and defense matters, that coincided with other agreements in the financial, economical and development area.

766:. They lived in Sikkat Inazza district of the city where the family was staying after their exile from Riyadh. When his father conquered Riyadh in 1902, Saud followed him with his mother and brothers. 531:

from 1926 to 1932, and he also represented his father in neighboring countries. He played a role in the financial reforms of Saudi Arabia, preparing the first state budget in 1948 and establishing the

992:, and also met with leaders in Britain, France, and Italy, in order to acquaint the policymakers with his father's views and the unacceptability of the infringement of the rights of the Palestinians. 1332:

He offered total assistance to the Egyptian government, personally supervising operations and welcoming Egyptian combat planes into his country for their protection. Among the first to enlist were

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King Abdul Aziz, the Kingdom's founder, built the Red Palace in the Al Fouta neighborhood of Riyadh by for his son Saud, the then crown prince and successor to the throne, to live with his mother.

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He announced that his sole purpose was to "unify Muslims all over the world" so they would be like one strong body. King Saud believed in a non-alignment policy between the United States and the

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In return, the American government was to be granted facilities to use Dhahran airport for five years, after which it would be returned with all its equipment to the Saudi Government in 1962.

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to ease Jordan's financial burdens as a result of this conflict. The annual Egyptian and Saudi financial assistance added up to five million Egyptian pounds from each of the two countries.

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and Israel invaded Egypt on 29 October 1956 as a result of the nationalization of the canal, King Saud declared a general mobilization and ordered the opening of enlistment offices.

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Gamal Abdel Nasser and Shukri al-Quwatli in Cairo in January 1957. The three leaders agreed to try to convince Eisenhower to pressure the Israeli government to evacuate occupied

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prime minister. Saud thought of himself as both King and prime minister whereas Faisal envisioned more powers being in his own hand as Crown Prince and deputy prime minister.

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co-operation, primarily in the guise of the arrival of 35 experts during 1952 and aimed at generating planned economic growth within the Kingdom also received a major boost.

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beach with his daughter Nozhah, near the hotel where he used to live (Hotel Kavouri). His body was taken to Mecca then to Riyadh and the funeral ceremony took place at the

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to establish a state-owned maritime tanker company. Given that the agreement was not in favor of the US interests it was soon terminated as a result of foreign pressures.

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and international banks declined Saudi's demand for credit. Saud suspended the few government projects he had initiated but continued his spending on luxurious palaces.

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King Saud's family members worried about Saud's profligacy and his inability to meet the challenge of Nasser's Egypt. Corruption and backwardness weakened the regime.

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during an official visit to India. He also strove to keep the region free from coalitions and blocs that only served foreign interests and thus he refused to join the

962: 3968: 2443: 4052: 1433:. The American government agreed to give him a 250 million dollar loan and all kinds of land, sea, and air weaponry, and to train the Saudi army on how to use them. 4632: 538:

Upon his father's death in 1953, Saud ascended the throne and reorganized the government. He founded the convention that the king of Saudi Arabia presides over the

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luxurious palaces, and conspiracy inside and outside of Saudi Arabia while Faisal was associated with sobriety, piety, puritanism, thriftiness, and modernization.

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point of view, water supply, roads, broadcasting service, health, municipal affairs, port improvements, customs reorganization, and higher education.

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He maintained his support to the countries at war with Israel, and signed a ten-year agreement with the Egyptian and Syrian presidents and with King

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in Medina. Earlier on, following a visit, he had recommended to Abdulaziz the need for the adoption of this step, which the latter had sanctioned.

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King Saud strong diplomatic efforts at the UN denouncing the Israeli's attempts to obliterate the legal right of navigation in the Gulf of Aqaba

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promised a ten-point reform that included the drafting of the basic law, the abolition of slavery, and the establishment of a judicial council.

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in 1961. However, Saud's inability to counter the Saudi national debt brought him into a power struggle with his half-brother and crown prince,

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After the war, when the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine appeared to be imminent, and leaders of the various Arab States met at

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One of his daughters, named Hajer, died outside the Kingdom following an illness on 17 November 2011. Her funeral prayer was performed at

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and apart from structural, regulatory, and procedural reforms within a revamped Ministry of Finance; a Central Bank under the name of the

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as well as in other sciences which were acceptable in Islamic tradition such as house management, and raising and disciplining children.

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Following the end of the war with Yemen, Abdulaziz decided to encourage Saud to travel abroad. Accompanied by his father's adviser

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and died in late July 2013. Another daughter, Hessah, was the first Saudi woman to become the principal of a school. His daughter

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by 1958, when it reached $ US450 million. The Saudi riyal lost half of its official value against the United States dollars. Both

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Saud had 108 children and three wives at the time of his death. One of his many wives was Fawzia bint Nawwaf, a granddaughter of

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Principles and policies in Saudi Arabian foreign relations with special reference to the Superpowers and major Arab neighbours

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Nathan J. Citino (2000). "Defending the 'postwar petroleum order': The US, Britain and the 1954 Saudi-Onassis Tanker deal".

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of Saudi Arabia, a relative of Prince Faisal on his mother's side, calling on King Saud to accede to his brother's demands.

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expansion of Communist influence in the region, despite the involvement of the fellow Arab State of Iraq in it, along with

875: 810:. His first political mission was at the age of thirteen, leading a delegation to Qatar. The first battle he fought was at 720:

Abolishing slavery by King Saud: A royal decree no (3/1/5) was announced with the ten points of reforms to abolish slavery

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Saud accompanied his father on his many expeditions and, participated in several campaigns during the unification of the

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in 1915, followed by one at Yatab in the same year, then Trubah in 1919. In 1925, he stopped the Almahmal crisis in

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Rosie Bsheer (February 2018). "A Counter-Revolutionary State: Popular Movements and the Making of Saudi Arabia".

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in 2019 to the public. It was Saudi Arabia's first concrete building and now exhibits displays about his life.

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the American access for using Dhahran airport as a means of exerting pressure on the United States of America.

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Andrew J. Shryock (1990). "The Rise of Nasir Al-Nims: A Tribal Commentary on Being and Becoming a Shaykh".

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King Saud support to Jordan during their political crisis which threatened to topple King Hussein's throne

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With his father King Abdulaziz (seated) and half-brother Prince Faisal (later king, left), early 1950s

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The formation of the "Saudi Arabian Naval Transport Company'' in association with Aristotle Onassis.

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Maren Hanson (August 1987). "The Influence of French Law on the Legal Development of Saudi Arabia".

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granting donations to Algeria and kept defending it until it established its independence in 1962.

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Following this event Saud left Saudi Arabia in January 1965. He was suggested to enter exile in

1644:. One son, Badr bin Saud, was governor of Riyadh during his father's reign, while another son, 5773: 5215: 5210: 4350: 3866: 3787: 3574: 3541: 3517: 3466: 3400: 3246: 3240: 2336: 1618: 1614: 1392: 1325: 1312: 1307: 1283: 1093: 1012: 860: 825: 807: 332: 312: 3856: 3284: 504:

from 9 November 1953 until his abdication on 2 November 1964. During his reign, he served as

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The "Red Palace" which King Abdulaziz built for King Saud and his mother was opened by the

762:. The second son of Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman, he was born in the home of his grandfather 490:

Saud bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman bin Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah bin Mohammed bin Saud

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to abdicate altogether, and Faisal became king in his own right. At the same time Prince

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Plans for the paved road between Jeddah and Mecca had been announced by Saud during the

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Nabil Mouline (April–June 2012). "Power and generational transition in Saudi Arabia".

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in Egypt during 1946 in order to review the situation under the Chairmanship of King

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Crossing Mandelbaum Gate: Coming of Age Between the Arabs and Israelis, 1956-1978

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Succession to the throne in Saudi Arabia. Court Politics in the Twentieth Century

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their daughter, Al Anoud, died in January 2006 aged 83 and was buried in Mecca.

1675:. Another daughter, Noura, was the mother of the former deputy defense minister 1641: 1582: 1570:, he lost the support of Egypt. In October 1967 he left Egypt and went first to 1567: 1539: 1481: 1398:

He also discussed with the American President his dispute with Britain over the

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The first five years plan announced by King Saud in his speech no. 6499/1/20/5

4405:"وسام: Order of Ummayad Syria 1st Class (سوريا) (General Service) Col:SY-0001" 4346: 3663: 3358: 3210: 1672: 950: 508:

from 1953 to 1954 and from 1960 to 1962. Prior to his accession, Saud was the

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W. Quandt. (1981) Saudi Arabia in the 1980s, The Brooking Institutions, p. 90

3147: 1278:. Despite pressure exerted from the West, he approved upon meeting President 4332: 4313: 3602: 3320: 2853: 1430: 1406:, refused to welcome the King because of his national and Islamic politics. 546:

in their conflicts against Israel. Under his reign, Saudi Arabia joined the

3732: 3701: 3396: 844:

Saud then promised his father that he would listen to his father's advice.

498:سعود بن عبد العزيز بن عبد الرحمن بن فيصل بن ترکي بن عبدالله بن محمد بن سعود 94: 4452: 3123: 2924: 1574:

and then to Athens where he remained until his death on 23 February 1969.

629:

The rejection of King Saud to join "The Baghdad Pact" initiated by London

5371: 4664: 4501: 3381: 3236: 2498: 2208:

in Mecca. He was buried next to his father's and grandfathers' graves at

1951: 1599: 1498: 1418: 1414: 218: 107: 5144: 4610: 3641: 618:

Saudi Arabia stopped exporting oil to Britain and France because of the

5887: 5621: 4439: 3830: 3328: 3110: 2250: 1388:

and to withdraw to the borders of the previous truce on all frontiers.

1190: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 786: 461: 456: 47: 42: 4102: 2038:

Seta, Latifa (married to General Ahmed Al Qahtani), Al Jawhara, Bazza

535:

in 1952. Saud also oversaw the country's infrastructural development.

5793: 4227: 2016:

Watfaa, Abeer(married to Abdulaziz bin muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud)

1571: 1547: 1543: 1535: 1457: 1369: 1132:

In January 1954 King Saud signed an agreement with Greek businessman

1000: 981: 778: 308: 3102: 2342:

Unknown: A poorly manufactured breast star – possibly a trial piece.

953:

and physician Dr. Medhat Sheikh el-Ard and some others, he visited:

747: 556: 4840: 3037:"File 11/44 Leading Personalities in Iraq, Iran & Saudi Arabia" 1409:

King Saud delivered an important speech during the banquet held by

5872: 4158: 2308:

In the central display case, the following Orders are on display:

1920:

Nawaf (1951–1999), Saif Al Deen (born 1962), Montaser (born 1963)

1650: 1503: 1493: 1306: 1145: 1141: 1087: 994: 874: 866: 850: 815: 782: 746: 586:

The inauguration of the first naval ship "King Saud I" in Hamburg

3429: 1263:

Egypt, followed by Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, Yemen, and Pakistan.

653:

King Saud diplomatic efforts to mediate between Syria and Turkey

5601: 1443:

When the Republic of Iraq decided to annex Kuwait in 1961 under

1365: 1149: 1048: 961:, Iraq, Egypt and Europe where he represented his father at the 5990:

Honorary Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire

5148: 4844: 4718: 4614: 4601: 3087:

C. C. Lewis (July 1933). "Ibn Sa'ūd and the Future of Arabia".

3053:

Citing from the British India Office Records and Private Papers

969:, and earned plaudits from the Amir of Transjordan (later King 1812:(born 1951), Basmah (born 1964), Shaikha, Jawaher (died 2001) 1159: 882: 512:

from 11 May 1933 to 9 November 1953. He was the second son of

3702:"King without a Kingdom: Deposed King Saud and his intrigues" 2315:: Star and Sash of the Order of Mohammed Ibn Ali El Senoussi. 1806:(1925–2020), Abdulmajeed (1948–1991), Abdulmalek (1953–2005) 1484:'s anti-Saudi broadcasting was finding a receptive audience. 3389:

2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences

2266:

Immediately after his accession to the throne Iranian ruler

1789:

Faisal (1927–2012), Nayef (born 1943), Mamdooh (1944–2024),

824:. However, he later fought to stop the Ikhwan revolt at the 602:

The first Saudi expansion of the Prophet's Mosque in Madina

965:

in 1937. Saud struck a warm friendship with the young King

680:

The establishment of the first university in Saudi Arabia (

4294:. Montreal. Associated Press. 24 February 1969. p. 41 1542:, and then on to other European cities, but he settled in 594:

The inauguration of the first Islamic Conference in Mecca

3514:

Senator Robert F. Wagner and the rise of urban liberalism

3453:. Palgrave Macmillan Transnational History Series. Cham: 3451:

Gendering Global Humanitarianism in the Twentieth Century

1522:

On 6 January 1965 Saud went to the palace with his uncle

785:

under Sheikh Abdul Rahman Al-Mufaireej. He also learned

2965:"Mounira bint Abdulaziz (Maternal Sister of King Saud)" 2474:

9. Sara bint Mishari bin Abdulrahman bin Hassan Al Saud

1117:

without exception, and the creation of a strong army".

1104:

During his reign one of King Saud's major advisors was

610:

The first Saudi expansion of the Great Mosque of Mecca

1793:(1946–2004), Ahmad (1953–2015), Abdulaziz (born 1960) 3969:"Prince Mohammed Bin Saud Bin Abdul Aziz dies abroad" 3888:"The Next Generation of Saudi Princes: Who Are They?" 3380:

Mona Althonayan; Anastasia Papazafeiropoulou (2013).

3540:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; pp. 108–9. 3152:(PhD thesis). Columbia University. pp. 68, 72. 2533:

10. Ahmed Al Kabir bin Mohammed bin Turki Al Sudairi

1270:, which he discussed thoroughly with Prime Minister 5858: 5764: 5656: 5541: 5474: 5395: 5324: 5258: 5186: 2256: 2244: 2222: 1902:Hayfa (died 2004), Munirah, Haya (1948–2008), Sara 477: 467: 455: 441: 331: 318: 298: 275: 271: 244: 237: 229: 200: 193: 185: 177: 166: 158: 147: 140: 123: 113: 103: 93: 82: 75: 58: 3775: 2854:"Chronological events of the history of King Saud" 4248:Not to be confused with his cousin once removed, 1800:Jamila bint Asa'ad bin Ibrahim Mareyi (deceased) 1602:. Only a few of his children have a public role. 1546:. Later he unsuccessfully attempted to settle in 3449:. In E. Möller; J. Paulmann; K. Stornig (eds.). 3434:(PhD thesis). University of Glasgow. p. 23. 1319:of Egypt and King Saud in Cairo on 13 March 1956 963:coronation of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth 500:; 15 January 1902 – 23 February 1969) was 4379:"Medals and Awards of King Saud Bin Abdulaziz" 3532: 3530: 2939:"King Saud looking the Spanish Oil Refineries" 1910:Muqrin (1950–1983), Saif Al Islam (born 1956) 519:Saud was the second son of King Abdulaziz and 30:For the university named after King Saud, see 5160: 4856: 4730: 4626: 3913:"Appendix 7. Leading Grandsons of Abdul Aziz" 3011:"Princess Wadha Al Ureier King Saud's Mother" 2270:sent King Saud the highest decoration of the 2118:Jeheir bint Abdulaziz bin Abdullah bin Terki 2013:Jelewi (born 1960), Saifalnasser (1963–2005) 1991:Hathlool (born 1956), Ez Al Deen (1963–1989) 1980:Yazeed (1955–2023), Abdulkareem (1960–2022) 1510:ultimatum to the king to leave Saudi Arabia. 8: 1820:Thamer (1927–1967), Abdulmohsen (1942–1973) 754:, founder of Saudi Arabia and father of Saud 5570:Council of Economic and Development Affairs 4154:"وفاة الاميرة العنود بنت سعود بن عبدالعزيز" 3245:. New York; London: Scribner. p. 124. 2983: 2981: 2835:List of things named after Saudi Kings#Saud 1761:Fatimah bint Ahmed bin Ibrahim Al Shahrani 1315:signing a defense agreement with President 917:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 758:Prince Saud was born on 15 January 1902 in 447:Saud bin Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud 5662: 5547: 5334: 5330: 5264: 5167: 5153: 5145: 4863: 4849: 4841: 4737: 4723: 4715: 4633: 4619: 4611: 4598: 4463: 4028:"King Abdullah fires Najran governor: HRW" 2398: 2389: 2219: 1786:Al Jawhara bint Turki Al Ahmed Al Sudairi 1700: 1526:to declare his allegiance to King Faisal. 777:From the age of five, Prince Saud studied 64: 55: 4085:"Saudi Arabia: Noura bint Saud's funeral" 3592: 3590: 3588: 3586: 3211:"Sharia and national law in Saudi Arabia" 2128:Gbasa bint Mohammed bin Ayedh Al Rabee'a 1983:Lulwa (died 2016), Albandari (Died 1985) 1896:Fouza bint Mohammed Al Theeb (died 2007) 1609:from 1956 to 1960. His youngest child is 1250:Learn how and when to remove this message 937:Learn how and when to remove this message 736:He died in Athens, Greece, on 24 January 3340: 3338: 3302: 3300: 2332:Greece: Star of the Order of Saint Mark. 1931:Sattam (born 1954), Motasem (born 1961) 1581: 559: 4440:English version of his official website 4334:Saudi Arabia and Iran. Friends or Foes? 4002:"Mishari bin Saud is new Baha governor" 3695: 3693: 3691: 3689: 3687: 3685: 3683: 3606:. No. 55898. Cairo. 2 January 1964 2845: 2002:Shagran (1958–1987), Motaz (1962–2002) 1942:Nasser (1954–1974), Ghaleb (1957–1993) 1659:, between her father and U.S president 728:King Saud established Saudi Television 692:A Royal Pronouncement to establish the 351: 4000:P. K. Abdul Ghafour (28 August 2010). 3755:. Vol. 93, no. 10. July 1969 3141: 3139: 2629: 2625: 2615: 2514: 2407: 2403: 1917:Badra Saleh Ismail Olayan (died 2017) 1677:Fahd bin Abdullah bin Mohammed Al Saud 1496:(elite Islamic scholars), including a 694:General Presidency for Girls Education 438: 27:King of Saudi Arabia from 1953 to 1964 4425:Grand Collar of the Order of the Nile 4195:"Red Palace pulling crowds to Riyadh" 4129:"Princess charged with assault in US" 3628:, London, UK: Al Saqi Books, 1998, p. 2781: 2778: 2768: 2756: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2726: 2720: 2710: 2698: 2688: 2684: 2672: 2669: 2659: 2647: 2637: 2633: 2609: 2599: 2587: 2577: 2573: 2561: 2555: 2545: 2532: 2522: 2518: 2502: 2496: 2486: 2473: 2463: 2459: 2447: 2441: 2431: 2418:Faisal bin Turki bin Abdullah Al Saud 2415: 2411: 2158:Nayla bint Saeed bin Rashed Al-Habsi 1304:Pact between Saudi Arabia and Yemen. 1066:Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia 661:The USA causes the fall of oil price 523:. The death of Saud's elder brother, 7: 4180:Richard Harlakenden Sanger. (1970). 3217:from the original on 5 November 2013 2864:from the original on 21 October 2013 1977:Sara bint Madhi Al Fahri Al Qahtani 1864:Turkiyah bint Mohammed Al Abdulaziz 1636:from 1996 to November 2008. His son 1188:adding citations to reliable sources 1036:(SAMA) was established during 1952. 1019:of Iraq, and Crown Prince Saud, 1946 915:adding citations to reliable sources 855:Crown Prince Saud being received by 669:Saudi Arabia became a member of the 5975:Collars of the Order of Civil Merit 4592:21 December 1960 – 31 October 1962 4053:"Death of Princess Hajir bint Saud" 3886:Simon Henderson (26 October 2011). 3810:Journal of Anthropological Research 3569:, New York: Facts on File, Inc., p. 3013:. King Saud Library. Archived from 2884:"Riyadh. The capital of monotheism" 2374:Long Service and Good Example Medal 1994:Felwah, Sultana (died 2024), Zahwa 1875:(1954–2004), Al Waleed (born 1961) 1718:Munirah bint Saad bin Saud Al Saud 1713:Daughters (In no particular order) 831:On 11 May 1933, Saud was appointed 497: 5955:20th-century kings of Saudi Arabia 4513:9 November 1953 – 2 November 1964 4184:, Books for Libraries Press, p. 46 3180:- The King Saud Foundation Website 3171:Upbringing and Education 1902-1915 3133:- The King Saud Foundation Website 2138:Ghusoon bint Mohammed (died 2019) 1068:was expanded on 17 November 1952. 338: 25: 5980:Commanders of the Legion of Merit 5357:Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques 3192:The King Saud Foundation Website 2499:Abdulaziz bin Abdulrahman Al Saud 2393:Ancestors of Saud of Saudi Arabia 2153:Lamya, Mona (died 2015), Delayel 2021:Unknown (Um Mussaab) (died 2021) 5249: 5119: 4880: 4829: 4754: 4703: 4653: 4571:9 October 1953 – 16 August 1954 4451: 2320:Supreme Order of the Renaissance 2236: 2148:Ameenah bint Mohammed bin Majid 2088:Nour bint Mohammed bin Abdullah 2010:Unknown (Um Jelewi) (died 2015) 1871:(born 1946), Turki (born 1953), 1778:(1934–2004), Salman (born 1953) 1754:(1926–2016), Musaed (1927–2012) 1702:Wives and children of King Saud 1621:and died on 8 July 2012. Prince 1164: 1003:Conference. From right to left: 887: 6000:Prime ministers of Saudi Arabia 5524:General Intelligence Presidency 4603:King Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud 4589:Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia 4026:Rob Morris (23 December 2008). 3567:A Brief History of Saudi Arabia 3428:Mosaed Abdullah Nasser (1990). 2989:"King Saud's Maternal ancestry" 2444:Abdul Rahman bin Faisal Al Saud 1707:Wives (In no particular order) 1375:President of the United States 1175:needs additional citations for 1092:Kings Saud of Saudi Arabia and 712:Establishing the Muslim League 516:, the founder of Saudi Arabia. 4567:Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia 4544:11 May 1933 – 9 November 1953 4314:"Saʿūd | king of Saudi Arabia" 3940:Cahal Milmo (3 January 2012). 3782:. New York: Palgrave. p. 3598:"Saudi Arabia Crisis Reported" 3512:J. Joseph Huthmacher. (1971). 2043:Mariam (Um Shaha) (died 2010) 1907:Nayla (Um Muqrin) (died 2018) 1710:Sons (In no particular order) 1669:Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque 1554:. Some of his sons, including 1356:to help victims of Port Said. 1129:, a young uncle of King Saud. 506:Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia 142:Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia 1: 6005:Saudi Arabian anti-communists 5985:Crown princes of Saudi Arabia 5514:Chairman of the General Staff 5135:Crown Princes of Saudi Arabia 4746:Crown princes of Saudi Arabia 4427:OMSA. Retrieved 28 March 2023 3977:. 8 July 2012. Archived from 3774:Joseph A. Kechichian (2001). 3706:Studia Orientalia Electronica 3146:Alexander Blay Bligh (1981). 3066:"The Battle of Yatab in 1918" 2108:Noweir bint Obeid Al Rasheed 2054:Noura bint Abdullah Al Damer 1837:Munirah Al Haboot Al Mutairi 1352:Saudi riyals to the Egyptian 1034:Saudi Arabian Monetary Agency 4540:Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia 2723:Wadha bint Muhammad Al Orair 2359:National Military Decoration 2325:Spain: Star and Sash of the 1851:Noura bint Nahar Al Mandeel 1502:(edict) issued by the grand 1074:Armed Forces of Saudi Arabia 521:Wadha bint Muhammad Al Orair 482:Wadha bint Muhammad Al Orair 195:Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia 5756:Water supply and sanitation 5585:History of the oil industry 5452:Mutaween (religious police) 4331:Banafsheh Keynoush (2016). 3747:"Obituary. Death of a King" 3626:The History of Saudi Arabia 3536:Madawi Al Rasheed. (2002). 3463:10.1007/978-3-030-44630-7_7 2098:Lulwa bint Saleh Al Sabhan 1731:Baraka al Raziqi al Alma'i 1617:, was sometime governor of 671:International Monetary Fund 256: 212: 6026: 5970:Burials at Al Oud cemetery 4250:Abdulaziz bin Saud Al Saud 3863:Cambridge University Press 3778:Succession in Saudi Arabia 3654:, Retrieved 27 March 2007. 3645:Encyclopedia of the Orient 2891:Business and Finance Group 2627: 2612:Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud 2558:Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi 2508: 2405: 2103:Noura (died 2013), Moudhi 2083:Jawzaa, Tarfa (died 2021) 1605:His eldest son, Fahd, was 1134:Aristotle Socrates Onassis 1096:visiting Jerusalem in 1953 36: 29: 18:Saud bin Abdulaziz Al Saud 5900: 5665: 5550: 5377:National Security Council 5337: 5333: 5267: 5247: 5128: 5117: 4887: 4878: 4827: 4761: 4752: 4701: 4660: 4651: 4608: 4587: 4581: 4573: 4564: 4559: 4554: 4546: 4537: 4532: 4525: 4515: 4506: 4498: 4493: 4466: 4347:10.1007/978-1-137-58939-2 3565:James Wynbrandt. (2004). 3538:A History of Saudi Arabia 3359:10.1080/09592290008406160 3285:The King - Infrastructure 2762: 2744: 2740: 2732: 2704: 2686: 2678: 2653: 2635: 2631: 2593: 2575: 2567: 2539: 2520: 2516: 2480: 2461: 2453: 2425: 2409: 2235: 1524:Abdullah bin Abdul Rahman 1282:and the Syrian President 841:Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman 472:Abdulaziz of Saudi Arabia 446: 437: 267: 225: 63: 5622:Tadawul (stock exchange) 5617:Supreme Economic Council 5565:Capital Market Authority 5519:General Staff Presidency 5372:Mabahith (secret police) 3823:10.1086/jar.46.2.3630070 3347:Diplomacy and Statecraft 3196:15 February 2016 at the 3129:15 February 2016 at the 2302:Order of the Supreme Sun 743:Early life and education 170:21 December 1960 – 5504:Strategic Missile Force 4445:19 October 2016 at the 4318:Encyclopedia Britannica 4224:"King Saud Family Tree" 4103:"Speaking of King Saud" 3858:The Rwala Bedouin Today 3675:Encyclopædia Britannica 3650:12 October 2017 at the 3321:10.1163/157302587X00318 3176:12 October 2017 at the 2913:Critique Internationale 2352:Order of King Abdulaziz 1663:in Palm Beach, Florida. 1586:King Saud with his son 1127:Musaid bin Abdul Rahman 871:Crown Prince Saud, 1952 835:which was announced in 764:Abdul Rahman bin Faisal 86:9 November 1953 – 70:Official portrait, 1960 5995:Monarchs who abdicated 4791:Abdullah bin Abdulaziz 4776:Muhammad bin Abdulaziz 4288:"King Saud Dies at 67" 4089:Gulf States Newsletter 3669:1 October 2017 at the 3397:10.1109/HICSS.2013.210 3391:. IEEE. p. 4078. 2178:Unknown (Um Ebtessam) 1867:Abdullah (1941–2023), 1664: 1632:, was the governor of 1591: 1516:Mohammed bin Abdulaziz 1320: 1199:"Saud of Saudi Arabia" 1097: 1054:Umm al-Qura University 1024:primarily the US, the 1020: 880: 872: 864: 755: 510:country's crown prince 248:8 January 1926 – 151:9 October 1953 – 5352:Consultative Assembly 4527:Saudi Arabian royalty 4468:Saud of Saudi Arabia 4182:The Arabian Peninsula 3213:. Leiden University. 3090:International Affairs 3041:Qatar Digital Library 2941:. IMS. Archived from 2925:10.3917/crii.046.0125 2371:Medal of Appreciation 2335:Egypt: Collar of the 2288:Order of the Umayyads 2268:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 1764:Abdullah (1924–1997) 1654: 1585: 1404:Robert F. Wagner, Jr. 1310: 1091: 998: 878: 870: 854: 839:newspaper. His uncle 750: 133:(March–November 1964) 4811:Muqrin bin Abdulaziz 4806:Salman bin Abdulaziz 4796:Sultan bin Abdulaziz 4781:Khalid bin Abdulaziz 4771:Faisal bin Abdulaziz 4509:King of Saudi Arabia 4460:at Wikimedia Commons 4458:Saud of Saudi Arabia 4032:Arabian Business.com 3733:10.1093/pastj/gtx057 3700:Joseph Mann (2013). 3503:- King Saud Website. 3499:4 March 2016 at the 3457:. pp. 167–192. 3445:Nora Derbal (2020). 3290:3 March 2016 at the 3272:3 March 2016 at the 2991:. Information Source 2670:6. Muhammad Al Orair 2327:Order of Civil Merit 2318:Jordan: Star of the 2187:Unknown (Um Gmasha) 2143:Zeinah, Dina, Alyah 2113:Alanood (1923–2006) 2078:Unknown (Um Jawzaa) 2024:Mussaab (born 1962) 1972:Hend, Najla, Mohrah 1881:(1957–2021), Juahir 1648:, is a businessman. 1562:, Prince Sultan and 1530:Exile and later life 1451:Struggle with Faisal 1377:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1344:and King Saud's son 1342:Salman bin Abdulaziz 1338:Sultan bin Abdulaziz 1184:improve this article 1123:Faisal bin Abdulaziz 1106:Abdulaziz Al Muammar 1030:United States Dollar 1005:Abdullah I of Jordan 971:Abdullah I of Jordan 911:improve this section 682:King Saud University 548:Non-Aligned Movement 540:Council of Ministers 502:King of Saudi Arabia 77:King of Saudi Arabia 32:King Saud University 5612:Saudi Central Bank 5420:Freedom of religion 5201:Early Islamic State 4821:Mohammed bin Salman 4801:Nayef bin Abdulaziz 4320:. 19 February 2019. 3624:Vassiliev, Alexei, 2900:on 14 October 2009. 2173:Buniah (born 1960) 2070:Hassan (1967–2016) 2046:Yousef (born 1963) 2032:Gmasha (died 2020) 1988:Zainab (Um Felwah) 1969:Humood (born 1955) 1950:Nayeema bint Obeid 1939:Mariam (Um Nasser) 1817:Zainab (Um Thamer) 1703: 1696:Ministry of Culture 1640:was a supporter of 1607:minister of defense 1423:Eisenhower Doctrine 1384:that overlooks the 1324:relation with King 1293:Algerian revolution 1011:, Syrian President 792:Abdullah Al Damluji 394:Prince Abdul Rahman 204:11 May 1933 – 130:Crown Prince Faisal 5627:Telecommunications 5410:Capital punishment 5342:Allegiance Council 5221:Emirate of Diriyah 5206:Rashidun Caliphate 5196:Pre-Islamic Arabia 4816:Muhammad bin Nayef 4786:Fahd bin Abdulaziz 4766:Saud bin Abdulaziz 4555:Political offices 4339:Palgrave Macmillan 4135:, 19 December 2001 4065:on 18 October 2015 4058:Saudi Press Agency 3725:Past & Present 3455:Palgrave Macmillan 3385:(Conference paper) 3309:Arab Law Quarterly 3294:King Saud Website. 3268:King Saud Website 3266:History - The King 3190:The War with Yemen 2945:on 3 February 2021 2295:Order of the Cedar 2123:Hessa (died 2016) 2073:Hajar (1958–2011) 2035:Nahar (1962–2021) 2005:Nazha (died 2014) 1899:Talal (1952–2020) 1889:Fawaz (1948–1980) 1830:Majid (1929–1969) 1748:Nayla (Um Musaed) 1701: 1665: 1598:, the Emir of the 1592: 1445:Abd al-Karim Qasim 1334:Fahd bin Abdulaziz 1321: 1317:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1280:Gamal Abdel Nasser 1098: 1028:was linked to the 1021: 881: 873: 865: 756: 704:Establishing OPEC 533:Saudi Central Bank 5942: 5941: 5936: 5935: 5896: 5895: 5724:Human trafficking 5652: 5651: 5537: 5536: 5470: 5469: 5362:Foreign relations 5320: 5319: 5216:Abbasid Caliphate 5211:Umayyad Caliphate 5142: 5141: 5112: (1947–1994) 5106: (born 1945) 5098: (born 1942) 5092: (born 1942) 5086: (1942–2007) 5080: (1941–2012) 5074: (1941–2013) 5068: (1940–2023) 5062: (born 1939) 5056: (1938–2003) 5050: (1937–1958) 5044: (born 1935) 5038: (1934–2008) 5032: (1934–2016) 5026: (1934–2012) 5018: (1932–2015) 5012: (1932–2013) 5006: (1932–2000) 5000: (1931–2018) 4994: (1931–2019) 4988: (1931–2017) 4982: (1928–2011) 4974: (1926–2017) 4968: (1925–1985) 4962: (1924–2015) 4956: (1923–2013) 4950: (1923–2019) 4944: (1921–2005) 4938: (1921–1951) 4932: (1915–1993) 4926: (1913–1982) 4920: (1911–1984) 4914: (1910–1988) 4906: (1906–1975) 4900: (1902–1969) 4894: (1900–1919) 4838: 4837: 4712: 4711: 4596: 4595: 4574:Succeeded by 4547:Succeeded by 4516:Succeeded by 4456:Media related to 4356:978-1-137-58939-2 3872:978-0-521-28275-8 3853:William Lancaster 3516:, Holiday House, 3472:978-3-030-44629-1 3406:978-1-4673-5933-7 3252:978-1-4391-7160-8 3209:Esther van Eijk. 3043:. 13 January 1948 2825: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2377:War Wounded Medal 2356:Star of King Saud 2337:Order of the Nile 2300:Afghanistan: The 2286:Syrian Republic: 2264: 2263: 2199:Death and funeral 2196: 2195: 1886:Nayla (Um Fawaz) 1619:Al Bahah Province 1613:. His third son, 1476:Forced abdication 1393:Hussein of Jordan 1326:Faisal II of Iraq 1313:Shukri al-Quwatli 1284:Shukri al-Quwatli 1260: 1259: 1252: 1234: 1156:Foreign relations 1094:Hussein of Jordan 1013:Shukri al-Quwatli 947: 946: 939: 861:Leiden University 826:battle of Sabilla 808:Arabian Peninsula 740: 739: 487: 486: 451: 450: 250:22 September 1932 16:(Redirected from 6017: 6010:Sons of Ibn Saud 5916: 5909: 5749:response to ISIL 5663: 5607:Riyal (currency) 5548: 5335: 5331: 5277:Cities and towns 5265: 5253: 5231:Kingdom of Hejaz 5169: 5162: 5155: 5146: 5123: 4884: 4872:Sons of Ibn Saud 4865: 4858: 4851: 4842: 4833: 4758: 4739: 4732: 4725: 4716: 4707: 4657: 4635: 4628: 4621: 4612: 4599: 4582:Preceded by 4499:Preceded by 4489: 4482: 4464: 4455: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4415: 4413: 4411: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4392: 4390: 4381:. Archived from 4375: 4369: 4368: 4328: 4322: 4321: 4310: 4304: 4303: 4301: 4299: 4292:Montreal Gazette 4284: 4278: 4277: 4275: 4273: 4268:on 3 August 2020 4264:. Archived from 4258: 4252: 4246: 4240: 4239: 4237: 4235: 4230:on 5 August 2016 4226:. Archived from 4220: 4214: 4213: 4208: 4206: 4191: 4185: 4178: 4172: 4171: 4169: 4167: 4150: 4144: 4143: 4142: 4140: 4125: 4119: 4118: 4116: 4114: 4099: 4093: 4092: 4091:. 1 August 2013. 4081: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4070: 4061:. Archived from 4049: 4043: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4014: 4012: 3997: 3991: 3990: 3988: 3986: 3965: 3959: 3958: 3956: 3954: 3937: 3931: 3930: 3928: 3926: 3917: 3909: 3903: 3902: 3900: 3898: 3892:The Cutting Edge 3883: 3877: 3876: 3849: 3843: 3842: 3804: 3798: 3797: 3781: 3771: 3765: 3764: 3762: 3760: 3743: 3737: 3736: 3720: 3714: 3713: 3697: 3678: 3661: 3655: 3639: 3633: 3631: 3622: 3616: 3615: 3613: 3611: 3594: 3581: 3572: 3563: 3557: 3554: 3548: 3534: 3525: 3510: 3504: 3491: 3485: 3484: 3442: 3436: 3435: 3425: 3419: 3418: 3386: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3342: 3333: 3332: 3304: 3295: 3282: 3276: 3263: 3257: 3256: 3233: 3227: 3226: 3224: 3222: 3206: 3200: 3187: 3181: 3168: 3162: 3161: 3143: 3134: 3121: 3115: 3114: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3076:on 2 March 2016. 3072:. Archived from 3062: 3056: 3055: 3050: 3048: 3033: 3027: 3026: 3024: 3022: 3007: 3001: 3000: 2998: 2996: 2985: 2976: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2961: 2955: 2954: 2952: 2950: 2935: 2929: 2928: 2908: 2902: 2901: 2899: 2893:. Archived from 2888: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2869: 2850: 2399: 2390: 2362:Efficiency Medal 2313:Kingdom of Libya 2276:Order of Pahlavi 2240: 2230: 2225: 2220: 2049:Shaha, Aljazzie 1704: 1671:in Riyadh after 1611:Basmah bint Saud 1411:Dag Hammarskjöld 1400:Al Buraymi Oasis 1272:Jawaharlal Nehru 1255: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1235: 1233: 1192: 1168: 1160: 1078:Prophet's Mosque 1062:Majlis-ash-Shura 975:Second World War 942: 935: 931: 928: 922: 891: 883: 857:Snouck Hurgronje 557: 499: 439: 342: 305: 302:23 February 1969 285: 283: 251: 207: 173: 154: 89: 68: 56: 21: 6025: 6024: 6020: 6019: 6018: 6016: 6015: 6014: 5945: 5944: 5943: 5938: 5937: 5932: 5919: 5912: 5905: 5892: 5854: 5816:Public holidays 5760: 5648: 5592:Foreign workers 5533: 5466: 5391: 5382:Nuclear program 5316: 5254: 5245: 5226:Emirate of Nejd 5182: 5173: 5143: 5138: 5124: 5115: 4885: 4874: 4869: 4839: 4834: 4825: 4759: 4748: 4743: 4713: 4708: 4699: 4658: 4647: 4639: 4604: 4591: 4585: 4577: 4570: 4550: 4543: 4521: 4512: 4504: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4469: 4447:Wayback Machine 4436: 4431: 4423: 4419: 4409: 4407: 4403: 4402: 4398: 4388: 4386: 4377: 4376: 4372: 4357: 4330: 4329: 4325: 4312: 4311: 4307: 4297: 4295: 4286: 4285: 4281: 4271: 4269: 4260: 4259: 4255: 4247: 4243: 4233: 4231: 4222: 4221: 4217: 4204: 4202: 4201:. 23 March 2019 4193: 4192: 4188: 4179: 4175: 4165: 4163: 4152: 4151: 4147: 4138: 4136: 4127: 4126: 4122: 4112: 4110: 4101: 4100: 4096: 4083: 4082: 4078: 4068: 4066: 4051: 4050: 4046: 4036: 4034: 4025: 4024: 4020: 4010: 4008: 3999: 3998: 3994: 3984: 3982: 3981:on 30 July 2013 3967: 3966: 3962: 3952: 3950: 3947:The Independent 3939: 3938: 3934: 3924: 3922: 3915: 3911: 3910: 3906: 3896: 3894: 3885: 3884: 3880: 3873: 3851: 3850: 3846: 3806: 3805: 3801: 3794: 3773: 3772: 3768: 3758: 3756: 3745: 3744: 3740: 3722: 3721: 3717: 3699: 3698: 3681: 3671:Wayback Machine 3662: 3658: 3652:Wayback Machine 3640: 3636: 3629: 3623: 3619: 3609: 3607: 3596: 3595: 3584: 3570: 3564: 3560: 3555: 3551: 3535: 3528: 3511: 3507: 3501:Wayback Machine 3492: 3488: 3473: 3444: 3443: 3439: 3427: 3426: 3422: 3407: 3384: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3344: 3343: 3336: 3306: 3305: 3298: 3292:Wayback Machine 3283: 3279: 3274:Wayback Machine 3264: 3260: 3253: 3235: 3234: 3230: 3220: 3218: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3198:Wayback Machine 3188: 3184: 3178:Wayback Machine 3169: 3165: 3145: 3144: 3137: 3131:Wayback Machine 3122: 3118: 3103:10.2307/2603605 3086: 3085: 3081: 3064: 3063: 3059: 3046: 3044: 3035: 3034: 3030: 3020: 3018: 3017:on 16 June 2021 3009: 3008: 3004: 2994: 2992: 2987: 2986: 2979: 2969: 2967: 2963: 2962: 2958: 2948: 2946: 2937: 2936: 2932: 2910: 2909: 2905: 2897: 2886: 2882: 2881: 2877: 2867: 2865: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2843: 2831: 2826: 2387: 2380:Palestine Medal 2246:Reference style 2228: 2226: 2223: 2218: 2210:Al Oud cemetery 2201: 2093:Abta'a, Faizah 2027:Ibtisam, Nawal 1691:many friends." 1661:John F. Kennedy 1634:Najran Province 1596:Nuri Al Shalaan 1580: 1568:Arab-Israel War 1532: 1478: 1453: 1421:, known as the 1382:Sharm El Sheikh 1301:Ahmad bin Yahya 1256: 1245: 1239: 1236: 1193: 1191: 1181: 1169: 1158: 1114: 1112:National policy 1086: 1009:Farouk of Egypt 990:Harry S. Truman 986:Farouk of Egypt 943: 932: 926: 923: 908: 892: 804: 745: 562: 529:viceroy of Nejd 433: 429:Princess Basmah 374:Prince Muhammed 350: 349: 336: 335: 327: 324:Al-Oud cemetery 307: 303: 287: 286:15 January 1902 281: 279: 263: 258: 249: 239:Viceroy of Nejd 221: 214: 206:9 November 1953 205: 172:31 October 1962 171: 152: 136: 99:9 November 1953 88:2 November 1964 87: 71: 52: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6023: 6021: 6013: 6012: 6007: 6002: 5997: 5992: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5947: 5946: 5940: 5939: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5918: 5917: 5910: 5902: 5901: 5898: 5897: 5894: 5893: 5891: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5875: 5870: 5864: 5862: 5856: 5855: 5853: 5852: 5847: 5842: 5841: 5840: 5830: 5829: 5828: 5818: 5813: 5808: 5807: 5806: 5796: 5791: 5786: 5781: 5776: 5770: 5768: 5762: 5761: 5759: 5758: 5753: 5752: 5751: 5741: 5736: 5731: 5726: 5721: 5716: 5715: 5714: 5709: 5699: 5697:Discrimination 5694: 5693: 5692: 5682: 5677: 5672: 5666: 5660: 5654: 5653: 5650: 5649: 5647: 5646: 5645: 5644: 5634: 5629: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5609: 5604: 5599: 5594: 5589: 5588: 5587: 5582: 5572: 5567: 5562: 5557: 5551: 5545: 5539: 5538: 5535: 5534: 5532: 5531: 5529:Military ranks 5526: 5521: 5516: 5511: 5509:National Guard 5506: 5501: 5496: 5491: 5486: 5480: 5478: 5472: 5471: 5468: 5467: 5465: 5464: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5443: 5442: 5437: 5432: 5422: 5417: 5412: 5407: 5401: 5399: 5393: 5392: 5390: 5389: 5387:Prime Minister 5384: 5379: 5374: 5369: 5364: 5359: 5354: 5349: 5344: 5338: 5328: 5322: 5321: 5318: 5317: 5315: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5268: 5262: 5256: 5255: 5248: 5246: 5244: 5243: 5241:Modern history 5238: 5233: 5228: 5223: 5218: 5213: 5208: 5203: 5198: 5192: 5190: 5184: 5183: 5174: 5172: 5171: 5164: 5157: 5149: 5140: 5139: 5129: 5126: 5125: 5118: 5116: 5114: 5113: 5107: 5099: 5093: 5087: 5081: 5075: 5069: 5063: 5057: 5051: 5045: 5039: 5033: 5027: 5019: 5013: 5007: 5001: 4995: 4989: 4983: 4975: 4969: 4963: 4957: 4951: 4945: 4939: 4933: 4927: 4921: 4915: 4907: 4901: 4895: 4888: 4886: 4879: 4876: 4875: 4870: 4868: 4867: 4860: 4853: 4845: 4836: 4835: 4828: 4826: 4824: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4808: 4803: 4798: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4762: 4760: 4753: 4750: 4749: 4744: 4742: 4741: 4734: 4727: 4719: 4710: 4709: 4702: 4700: 4698: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4661: 4659: 4652: 4649: 4648: 4640: 4638: 4637: 4630: 4623: 4615: 4609: 4606: 4605: 4602: 4594: 4593: 4586: 4583: 4579: 4578: 4575: 4572: 4563: 4557: 4556: 4552: 4551: 4548: 4545: 4536: 4530: 4529: 4523: 4522: 4517: 4514: 4505: 4500: 4496: 4495: 4494:Regnal titles 4491: 4490: 4470: 4467: 4462: 4461: 4449: 4435: 4434:External links 4432: 4430: 4429: 4417: 4396: 4385:on 12 May 2016 4370: 4355: 4341:. p. 66. 4323: 4305: 4279: 4253: 4241: 4215: 4186: 4173: 4145: 4120: 4094: 4076: 4044: 4018: 3992: 3960: 3932: 3904: 3878: 3871: 3865:. p. 86. 3844: 3799: 3792: 3766: 3738: 3715: 3679: 3656: 3634: 3617: 3582: 3579:978-0816057955 3558: 3549: 3526: 3522:978-0689702594 3505: 3494:The Politician 3486: 3471: 3437: 3420: 3405: 3372: 3334: 3315:(3): 272–291. 3296: 3277: 3258: 3251: 3228: 3201: 3182: 3163: 3135: 3116: 3079: 3057: 3028: 3002: 2977: 2956: 2930: 2903: 2875: 2844: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2837: 2830: 2827: 2823: 2822: 2819: 2818: 2816: 2814: 2812: 2810: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2798: 2796: 2794: 2792: 2789: 2788: 2786: 2783: 2782: 2780: 2779:7. Abta Sardah 2777: 2774: 2773: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2764: 2763: 2761: 2758: 2757: 2755: 2752: 2751: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2741: 2739: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2731: 2728: 2727: 2725: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2705: 2703: 2700: 2699: 2697: 2694: 2693: 2690: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2680: 2679: 2677: 2674: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2665: 2664: 2661: 2660: 2658: 2655: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2642: 2639: 2638: 2636: 2634: 2632: 2630: 2628: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2620: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2608: 2605: 2604: 2601: 2600: 2598: 2595: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2586: 2583: 2582: 2579: 2578: 2576: 2574: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2554: 2551: 2550: 2547: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2538: 2535: 2534: 2531: 2528: 2527: 2524: 2523: 2521: 2519: 2517: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2509: 2507: 2504: 2503: 2501: 2495: 2492: 2491: 2488: 2487: 2485: 2482: 2481: 2479: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2469: 2468: 2465: 2464: 2462: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2454: 2452: 2449: 2448: 2446: 2440: 2437: 2436: 2433: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2426: 2424: 2421: 2420: 2414: 2412: 2410: 2408: 2406: 2404: 2402: 2395: 2394: 2388: 2386: 2383: 2382: 2381: 2378: 2375: 2372: 2369: 2366: 2365:Medal of Merit 2363: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2344: 2343: 2340: 2333: 2330: 2323: 2316: 2306: 2305: 2298: 2291: 2262: 2261: 2258: 2254: 2253: 2248: 2242: 2241: 2233: 2232: 2217: 2214: 2200: 2197: 2194: 2193: 2190: 2188: 2184: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2175: 2174: 2171: 2169: 2165: 2164: 2161: 2159: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2149: 2145: 2144: 2141: 2139: 2135: 2134: 2131: 2129: 2125: 2124: 2121: 2119: 2115: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2105: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2085: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2075: 2074: 2071: 2068: 2064: 2063: 2061: 2055: 2051: 2050: 2047: 2044: 2040: 2039: 2036: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2007: 2006: 2003: 2000: 1996: 1995: 1992: 1989: 1985: 1984: 1981: 1978: 1974: 1973: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1960: 1954: 1947: 1946: 1943: 1940: 1936: 1935: 1932: 1929: 1925: 1924: 1921: 1918: 1914: 1913: 1911: 1908: 1904: 1903: 1900: 1897: 1893: 1892: 1890: 1887: 1883: 1882: 1876: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1858: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1838: 1834: 1833: 1831: 1828: 1824: 1823: 1821: 1818: 1814: 1813: 1807: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1794: 1787: 1783: 1782: 1779: 1773: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1762: 1758: 1757: 1755: 1749: 1745: 1744: 1742: 1732: 1728: 1727: 1725: 1719: 1715: 1714: 1711: 1708: 1683:is an artist. 1600:Ruwullah tribe 1579: 1576: 1564:Prince Mansour 1531: 1528: 1477: 1474: 1452: 1449: 1258: 1257: 1172: 1170: 1163: 1157: 1154: 1113: 1110: 1085: 1082: 945: 944: 895: 893: 886: 803: 800: 752:King Abdulaziz 744: 741: 738: 737: 734: 730: 729: 726: 722: 721: 718: 714: 713: 710: 706: 705: 702: 698: 697: 690: 686: 685: 678: 674: 673: 667: 663: 662: 659: 655: 654: 651: 647: 646: 643: 639: 638: 635: 631: 630: 627: 623: 622: 616: 612: 611: 608: 604: 603: 600: 596: 595: 592: 588: 587: 584: 580: 579: 576: 572: 571: 568: 564: 563: 560: 544:Arab countries 514:King Abdulaziz 485: 484: 479: 475: 474: 469: 465: 464: 459: 453: 452: 449: 448: 444: 443: 435: 434: 432: 431: 426: 421: 416: 414:Prince Mashour 411: 409:Prince Mishari 406: 404:Princess Dalal 401: 399:Princess Fahda 396: 391: 389:Prince Mansour 386: 384:Prince Mishaal 381: 376: 371: 366: 361: 356: 347: 346: 345: 343: 329: 328: 322: 320: 316: 315: 306:(aged 67) 300: 296: 295: 277: 273: 272: 269: 268: 265: 264: 261: 259: 253: 252: 246: 242: 241: 235: 234: 231: 227: 226: 223: 222: 217: 215: 209: 208: 202: 198: 197: 191: 190: 187: 183: 182: 179: 175: 174: 168: 164: 163: 160: 156: 155: 153:16 August 1954 149: 145: 144: 138: 137: 135: 134: 131: 127: 125: 121: 120: 115: 111: 110: 105: 101: 100: 97: 91: 90: 84: 80: 79: 73: 72: 69: 61: 60: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6022: 6011: 6008: 6006: 6003: 6001: 5998: 5996: 5993: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5952: 5950: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5920: 5915: 5911: 5908: 5904: 5903: 5899: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5851: 5848: 5846: 5843: 5839: 5836: 5835: 5834: 5831: 5827: 5824: 5823: 5822: 5819: 5817: 5814: 5812: 5809: 5805: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5797: 5795: 5792: 5790: 5787: 5785: 5782: 5780: 5777: 5775: 5772: 5771: 5769: 5767: 5763: 5757: 5754: 5750: 5747: 5746: 5745: 5742: 5740: 5737: 5735: 5732: 5730: 5727: 5725: 5722: 5720: 5717: 5713: 5710: 5708: 5705: 5704: 5703: 5700: 5698: 5695: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5686: 5683: 5681: 5678: 5676: 5673: 5671: 5668: 5667: 5664: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5643: 5640: 5639: 5638: 5635: 5633: 5630: 5628: 5625: 5623: 5620: 5618: 5615: 5613: 5610: 5608: 5605: 5603: 5600: 5598: 5595: 5593: 5590: 5586: 5583: 5581: 5578: 5577: 5576: 5573: 5571: 5568: 5566: 5563: 5561: 5558: 5556: 5553: 5552: 5549: 5546: 5544: 5540: 5530: 5527: 5525: 5522: 5520: 5517: 5515: 5512: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5495: 5492: 5490: 5487: 5485: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5477: 5473: 5463: 5460: 5458: 5455: 5453: 5450: 5448: 5445: 5441: 5438: 5436: 5433: 5431: 5428: 5427: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5398: 5394: 5388: 5385: 5383: 5380: 5378: 5375: 5373: 5370: 5368: 5365: 5363: 5360: 5358: 5355: 5353: 5350: 5348: 5345: 5343: 5340: 5339: 5336: 5332: 5329: 5327: 5323: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5300: 5298: 5295: 5293: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5270: 5269: 5266: 5263: 5261: 5257: 5252: 5242: 5239: 5237: 5234: 5232: 5229: 5227: 5224: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5214: 5212: 5209: 5207: 5204: 5202: 5199: 5197: 5194: 5193: 5191: 5189: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5170: 5165: 5163: 5158: 5156: 5151: 5150: 5147: 5136: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5104: 5100: 5097: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5064: 5061: 5058: 5055: 5052: 5049: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5034: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5024: 5020: 5017: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4999: 4996: 4993: 4990: 4987: 4984: 4981: 4980: 4976: 4973: 4970: 4967: 4964: 4961: 4960:King Abdullah 4958: 4955: 4952: 4949: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4934: 4931: 4928: 4925: 4922: 4919: 4916: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4905: 4902: 4899: 4896: 4893: 4890: 4889: 4883: 4877: 4873: 4866: 4861: 4859: 4854: 4852: 4847: 4846: 4843: 4832: 4822: 4819: 4817: 4814: 4812: 4809: 4807: 4804: 4802: 4799: 4797: 4794: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4763: 4757: 4751: 4747: 4740: 4735: 4733: 4728: 4726: 4721: 4720: 4717: 4706: 4696: 4693: 4691: 4688: 4686: 4683: 4681: 4678: 4676: 4673: 4671: 4668: 4666: 4663: 4662: 4656: 4650: 4646: 4643: 4636: 4631: 4629: 4624: 4622: 4617: 4616: 4613: 4607: 4600: 4590: 4580: 4569: 4568: 4562: 4558: 4553: 4542: 4541: 4535: 4531: 4528: 4524: 4520: 4511: 4510: 4503: 4497: 4492: 4487: 4480: 4475: 4474: 4473:House of Saud 4465: 4459: 4454: 4450: 4448: 4444: 4441: 4438: 4437: 4433: 4426: 4421: 4418: 4406: 4400: 4397: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4371: 4366: 4362: 4358: 4352: 4348: 4344: 4340: 4336: 4335: 4327: 4324: 4319: 4315: 4309: 4306: 4293: 4289: 4283: 4280: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4254: 4251: 4245: 4242: 4229: 4225: 4219: 4216: 4212: 4200: 4199:Saudi Gazette 4196: 4190: 4187: 4183: 4177: 4174: 4161: 4160: 4155: 4149: 4146: 4134: 4130: 4124: 4121: 4108: 4104: 4098: 4095: 4090: 4086: 4080: 4077: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4054: 4048: 4045: 4033: 4029: 4022: 4019: 4007: 4003: 3996: 3993: 3980: 3976: 3975: 3974:Saudi Gazette 3970: 3964: 3961: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3936: 3933: 3921: 3914: 3908: 3905: 3893: 3889: 3882: 3879: 3874: 3868: 3864: 3861:. Cambridge: 3860: 3859: 3854: 3848: 3845: 3840: 3836: 3832: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3812: 3811: 3803: 3800: 3795: 3793:9780312238803 3789: 3785: 3780: 3779: 3770: 3767: 3754: 3753: 3752:Time Magazine 3748: 3742: 3739: 3734: 3730: 3726: 3719: 3716: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3690: 3688: 3686: 3684: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3672: 3668: 3665: 3660: 3657: 3653: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3638: 3635: 3627: 3621: 3618: 3605: 3604: 3599: 3593: 3591: 3589: 3587: 3583: 3580: 3576: 3568: 3562: 3559: 3553: 3550: 3547: 3546:9780521761284 3543: 3539: 3533: 3531: 3527: 3523: 3519: 3515: 3509: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3495: 3490: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3468: 3464: 3460: 3456: 3452: 3448: 3441: 3438: 3433: 3432: 3424: 3421: 3416: 3412: 3408: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3383: 3376: 3373: 3368: 3364: 3360: 3356: 3352: 3348: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3330: 3326: 3322: 3318: 3314: 3310: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3293: 3289: 3286: 3281: 3278: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3262: 3259: 3254: 3248: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3232: 3229: 3216: 3212: 3205: 3202: 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