2487:
427:
or another places of mass execution. The LSP offices in the provinces took an active role in the
Holocaust and, altogether, were more active. Here, the LSP officials would not only conduct interrogations, but also organize mass arrests, transport Jews to their imprisonment or execution, and carry out
406:
In the first weeks of German occupation, the LSP focused on persecuting
Communists regardless of their nationality. At the time, Jews were persecuted only if they were involved in Communist activities. Members of the LSP collected at least some evidence to support the charge. However, that quickly
414:
The activities of the LSP offices in major cities (Vilnius, Kaunas) and in the provinces differed in principle. LSP officers in major cities would most often study more complicated cases of political and strategic character, and so did not directly participate in mass killings of Jews. After
444:, emigrated to the United States, where he obtained citizenship, of which he was stripped in 1996. In Lithuania, Lileikis's trial was postponed several times due to his poor health; he died at age 93 without having been tried. Lileikis gave interviews to the press and published a memoir
278:. The headquarters were divided onto several departments: Organization (recruitment and employee selection), Economical and Financial (general administration), and Information (reports from other departments and agencies, registry of state enemies, archive).
315:
Information
Commissariat – screened applicants for governmental institutions, gathered operative information, created lists of state enemies, gathered information on political attitudes of local population, preparing reports and
407:
changed and Jews became persecuted solely because of their ethnicity. The LSP targeted Jews and suspected Jews, supporters of Jews, people evading imprisonment in the ghettos, escapees from ghettos, or those who violated the
256:. He kept this position until the end of the German occupation. His deputy assistants were head of the Security Police Kazys Matulis and his personal secretary Vytenis Stasiškis. Petras Pamataitis headed the Criminal Police.
222:
The LSP was dependent on the German SiPo and SD. It had the authority to sentence suspects to up to three years. Longer sentences had to be reviewed and approved by Karl Jäger, who always increased the sentences.
116:. On 24 June 1941, the Provisional Government recreated the pre-war Ministry of Internal Affairs with three departments – State Security, Police, and Prisons. The State Security Department was headed by
369:
collaborators, Jews and supporters of Jews. In Kaunas, the LSP arrested about 200 Communists; about 170 of them were on a list of known
Communists. On 26 June 1941, this group was transferred to the
271:. For comparison, as of December 1943, the German SiPo and SD had 112 employees in Kaunas and 40 employees in Vilnius. The combined Lithuanian Security and Criminal Police had 886 employees in 1943.
2614:
219:), Railway Police and Fire Police. Lithuanian police organizations were subordinate to their respective German counterparts. Neighboring Latvia and Estonia did not have an equivalent to LSP.
130:
After the German took
Lithuania, it became apparent that they had no intention of granting autonomy to Lithuania. Instead, on 25 July 1941, they established a civil administration known as
143:, and dissolved the Provisional Government on 5 August 1941. But they found the police and intelligence agencies created in the transitional period useful and incorporated them into the
196:
177:
162:
459:
Kazys Gimžauskas, Lileikis' deputy, returned to
Lithuania after US authorities began to investigate him in 1996, and was convicted in 2001 of participation in genocide. In 2006,
2854:
3028:
1471:
49:
160:
The police in German-occupied
Lithuania consisted of separate German and Lithuanian units. The most important German police organizations were the SiPo (security police,
53:
858:
353:
The initial task of LSP was to identify and arrest
Communists. In the first months of German occupation, the Communist Commissariat of the Vilnius branch, headed by
3023:
1481:
233:, wanted to liquidate LSP and incorporate it into the German police, but Stasys Čenkus wrote him a letter defending LSP's usefulness and it was left undisturbed.
3038:
965:
127:. The government asked all those who had worked there prior to 15 June 1940 to report back for duty. Many of them had just been released from Soviet prisons.
2934:
834:
89:
2884:
209:). The major Lithuanian police organisations were the Public Police, Lithuanian Security and Criminal Police (combined at the end of 1942 into one force),
2599:
2439:
472:
381:
77:
1519:
2869:
2511:
723:
2776:
2054:
1311:
210:
112:, hoping to regain Lithuanian independence in the clash of the two powers. They drew up plans to restore pre-Soviet state institutions under a
2225:
2006:
1387:
694:
2303:
93:
3043:
3033:
2220:
1382:
924:
494:
113:
2604:
1347:
1239:
958:
535:
453:
2726:
2568:
463:
was convicted in
Lithuania of persecuting and arresting two Poles and 12 Jews while he was a member of Lithuanian Security Police.
357:, was especially active. In 1941 documents this commissariat is sometimes referred to as the Communist-Jewish section (Lithuanian:
326:
Polish
Commissariat – investigated activities of illegal Polish organizations, arrested and interrogated suspects, recruited agents
2864:
2859:
1476:
2573:
2516:
2401:
1397:
2690:
2432:
2167:
336:
Regional branches sometimes had different set of commissariats, for example Kaunas's branch had a separate commissariat for
2874:
408:
2959:
2954:
2685:
2336:
1852:
1512:
1130:
951:
205:
2840:
2808:
2766:
2042:
2012:
1898:
1677:
1827:
1592:
1244:
2781:
2609:
2593:
2260:
2202:
2058:
1975:
974:
401:
144:
109:
73:
2786:
2425:
2295:
2085:
2046:
1732:
1712:
1486:
1413:
1326:
1025:
737:
329:
Commissariat of Ethnic Minorities – investigated activities of Russians, Belarusians and other ethnic minorities
2771:
2624:
2486:
2313:
2141:
2113:
2050:
1582:
1423:
1418:
1030:
1005:
1000:
268:
1772:
384:, particularly active in eastern Lithuania. In February 1942, the SiPo and SD mandated registration of Polish
929:"Justice Department Moves to Deport Florida Man Who Participated in Wartime Nazi Roundups of Lithuanian Jews"
2907:
2820:
2741:
2731:
2470:
2272:
2240:
2159:
1929:
1802:
1647:
1505:
1453:
1249:
1125:
1020:
1015:
1010:
713:
MacQueen, Michael (2005). "Lithuanian Collaboration in the "Final Solution": Motivations and Case Studies".
498:
2970:
2848:
2588:
2406:
2371:
1792:
1717:
2172:
2376:
132:
101:
1433:
1055:
807:
460:
117:
2619:
2506:
2386:
2351:
2248:
2192:
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1934:
1331:
1168:
1085:
441:
420:
354:
286:
105:
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2280:
2077:
1797:
1632:
1562:
1321:
1120:
242:
41:
2982:
2924:
2912:
2700:
2653:
2639:
1983:
1939:
1737:
1652:
1438:
1208:
1203:
1115:
1080:
873:
852:
802:
171:
140:
57:
2501:
1817:
1777:
1448:
838:
2705:
2659:
2254:
2182:
2177:
1991:
1812:
1782:
1767:
1557:
1264:
1198:
1173:
816:
777:
690:
651:
590:
531:
499:"Court Revokes U.S. Citizenship of Former Security Police Official in Nazi-Occupied Lithuania"
449:
229:
186:
61:
525:
3002:
2929:
2902:
2825:
2761:
2583:
2547:
2537:
2331:
2285:
2187:
2121:
2037:
1919:
1757:
1697:
1692:
1642:
1587:
1259:
714:
682:
635:
574:
377:
320:
215:
147:. The former State Security Department was reorganised into the Lithuanian Security Police.
122:
2917:
2710:
2680:
2381:
2230:
1999:
1924:
1857:
1822:
1702:
1597:
1535:
1392:
1279:
1274:
1218:
1153:
1060:
373:
and executed. The next day Germans forbade Lithuanians to order executions independently.
200:
181:
166:
2391:
1612:
1372:
741:
302:
361:). It was responsible for spying on, arresting and interrogating Communists, members of
247:
2798:
2756:
2578:
2532:
2396:
2064:
1903:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1847:
1747:
1722:
1627:
1529:
1306:
1213:
1065:
437:
385:
298:
1497:
3017:
2542:
2465:
2449:
2346:
2326:
2215:
2131:
1967:
1873:
1842:
1762:
1727:
1617:
1602:
1377:
1352:
1193:
1183:
1178:
1158:
1100:
1090:
1070:
990:
224:
191:
928:
2997:
2965:
2815:
2803:
2341:
2149:
2126:
2019:
1893:
1832:
1807:
1787:
1742:
1682:
1458:
1428:
1269:
1234:
1163:
1148:
1110:
1075:
877:
521:
389:
370:
2897:
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1752:
1707:
1687:
1622:
1254:
1188:
1105:
1095:
897:
290:
2664:
2552:
2210:
1637:
1607:
1443:
578:
337:
294:
943:
820:
781:
655:
594:
436:
At the end of the war many members of the Lithuanian Security Police fled to
2647:
2476:
1837:
440:, notably to Germany. In 1955, the former commander of its Vilnius branch,
639:
100:. Many former employees of the Ministry were arrested and imprisoned as "
2321:
902:
424:
362:
17:
2992:
2695:
416:
282:
281:
LSP had six regional branches in Kaunas (headed by Albinas Čiuoderis),
264:
2417:
768:
275:
260:
253:
305:(Antanas Liepa). Regional branches usually had seven commissariats:
763:
2615:
Office of the Reich Commissioner for Germanic Resettlement (RKFDV)
69:
366:
319:
Communist Commissariat – gathered information on communists and
259:
The LSP had a staff of approximately 400 people, 250 of them in
97:
2421:
1501:
947:
376:
As the war continued, the focus shifted to operations against
839:"Lithuania. Country Reports on Human Rights Practices – 2000"
241:
The head of the Lithuanian Security and Criminal Police was
65:
423:, which then transported them to the mass murder site at
312:
General Commissariat – general administrative functions
640:"Lietuvių saugumo policija ir holokaustas (1941–1944)"
323:, arrested and interrogated suspects, recruited agents
72:(criminal police). The LSP took part in perpetrating
527:
Bitter Legacy: Confronting the Holocaust in the USSR
309:
Guards' Commissariat – guarded buildings and prisons
194:
and headquartered in Kaunas, and the public police (
2947:
2883:
2839:
2749:
2740:
2719:
2673:
2638:
2561:
2525:
2494:
2458:
2364:
2312:
2294:
2271:
2239:
2201:
2158:
2140:
2112:
2105:
2029:
1959:
1952:
1912:
1866:
1661:
1571:
1550:
1543:
1406:
1365:
1340:
1299:
1292:
1227:
1139:
1046:
1039:
579:"Vokiečių ir lietuvių saugumo policija (1941–1944)"
415:interrogation, Jews were handed over either to the
68:), the unit was directly subordinate to the German
689:(in Lithuanian). Mintis. pp. 274–275, 279.
349:Persecution of communists and Polish resistance
54:collaboration with the occupational authorities
27:Local police force in German-occupied Lithuania
1482:List of Lithuanian Righteous Among the Nations
742:"World Report. Deported Nazi Denies any Guilt"
2433:
1513:
959:
716:Lithuania and the Jews; The Holocaust Chapter
687:Lietuvių policija Antrajame pasauliniame kare
630:
569:
567:
48:), was a local police force that operated in
8:
857:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
835:Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
628:
626:
624:
622:
620:
618:
616:
614:
612:
610:
565:
563:
561:
559:
557:
555:
553:
551:
549:
547:
267:. Many of its members came from the fascist
677:
675:
673:
671:
3029:Lithuanian collaboration with Nazi Germany
2746:
2440:
2426:
2418:
2109:
1956:
1547:
1520:
1506:
1498:
1296:
1043:
966:
952:
944:
708:
706:
516:
514:
473:Lithuanian collaboration with Nazi Germany
96:was liquidated and replaced by the Soviet
744:. Jewish Bulletin of Northern California
530:. Indiana University Press. p. 98.
1472:Occupation of Lithuania by Nazi Germany
724:United States Holocaust Memorial Museum
489:
487:
483:
1312:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police battalions
850:
211:Lithuanian Auxiliary Police Battalions
3024:Law enforcement agencies of Lithuania
2610:Main Office for Ethnic Germans (VOMI)
2605:Office of Race and Settlement (RuSHA)
2007:8th SS Cavalry Division Florian Geyer
456:) in which he denied any wrongdoing.
7:
3039:Local participation in the Holocaust
365:, former Soviet government workers,
2600:Economics and Administration Office
925:United States Department of Justice
898:"Nazi helper avoids Lithuania jail"
495:United States Department of Justice
114:Provisional Government of Lithuania
25:
1348:Fareinigte Partizaner Organizacje
106:Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union
2485:
1477:History of the Jews in Lithuania
872:Walsh, Nick Paton (2004-01-18).
92:on 15 June 1940, the Lithuanian
2517:Allgemeine-SS regional commands
2402:Special Prosecution Book-Poland
90:Soviet Union occupied Lithuania
2727:SS-Begleitkommando des Führers
2569:Personal Staff Reichsführer-SS
2168:Burning of the Riga synagogues
874:"Refugee Faces Nazi War Trial"
762:Krzyżak, Tomasz (2004-09-19).
56:. Collaborating with the Nazi
1:
2696:Secret State Police (Gestapo)
2574:Command Staff Reichsführer-SS
2960:German Earth and Stone Works
2955:Deutsche Wirtschaftsbetriebe
2908:Germaansche SS in Vlaanderen
2831:Security Battalions (Greece)
2701:State Security Police (SiPo)
2674:Police and security services
801:Koprowski, Marek A. (2001).
297:(Aleksandras Braziukaitis),
175:) and SD (security service,
108:, Lithuanians organized the
94:Ministry of Internal Affairs
64:(intelligence agency of the
2935:Finnish Volunteer Battalion
2903:Germaansche SS in Nederland
2711:Customs Border Guards (ZGS)
2013:Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz
1678:Erich von dem Bach-Zelewski
996:Related articles by country
332:Reconnaissance Commissariat
80:and communist underground.
3060:
3044:The Holocaust in Lithuania
3034:Lithuanian Security Police
2594:Reich Security Main Office
2073:Lithuanian Security Police
1317:Lithuanian Security Police
975:The Holocaust in Lithuania
803:"Ponarski Wyrzut Sumienia"
402:The Holocaust in Lithuania
399:
74:the Holocaust in Lithuania
32:Lithuanian Security Police
2948:SS-controlled enterprises
2483:
1976:Reichssicherheitshauptamt
1487:Songs of the Vilna Ghetto
1467:
1414:HKP 562 forced labor camp
981:
738:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
644:Genocidas Ir Rezistencija
583:Genocidas Ir Rezistencija
446:Pažadinto laiko pėdsakais
274:LSP was headquartered in
263:and about another 130 in
50:German-occupied Lithuania
2706:SS Security Service (SD)
2640:Ideological institutions
2226:Ninth Fort November 1941
1828:Karl Eberhard Schöngarth
1583:Humbert Achamer-Pifrader
1424:Kauen concentration camp
1419:Kailis forced labor camp
1388:Ninth Fort November 1941
84:Background and formation
2821:Order Police battalions
2732:Reichssicherheitsdienst
2691:Criminal police (Kripo)
2681:Uniformed police (Orpo)
2589:Head Operational Office
1648:Franz Walter Stahlecker
1126:Franz Walter Stahlecker
227:, the new commander of
2971:German Equipment Works
2686:Schutzpolizei (Schupo)
2407:Einsatzgruppen reports
2372:List of Einsatzgruppen
2221:Kaunas 29 October 1941
1718:Friedrich-Wilhelm Bock
1383:Kaunas 29 October 1941
359:Komunistų-žydų sekcija
358:
269:Iron Wolf organisation
204:
185:
170:
145:German security system
60:(security police) and
52:from 1941 to 1944, in
45:
2865:SS Division Totenkopf
2860:SS Division Das Reich
2855:Leibstandarte (LSSAH)
2304:Kremnička and Nemecká
1773:Waldemar Klingelhöfer
133:Generalbezirk Litauen
102:enemies of the people
34:(LSP), also known as
2507:SS and police leader
2471:SS-Totenkopfverbände
2387:Einsatzgruppen trial
2249:Operation Tannenberg
1930:Antanas Impulevičius
1803:Hans-Adolf Prützmann
1250:Bronislovas Paukštys
1169:Shmerke Kaczerginski
1086:Aleksandras Lileikis
722:. Washington, D.C.:
442:Aleksandras Lileikis
432:Postwar developments
287:Aleksandras Lileikis
2870:SS Polizei Division
2849:SS-Verfügungstruppe
2841:Waffen-SS divisions
2794:Rollkommando Hamann
2337:Kamianets-Podilskyi
2281:Gully of Petrushino
1798:Gustav Adolf Nosske
1633:Friedrich Panzinger
1563:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
1322:Rollkommando Hamann
1121:Rudolf Joachim Seck
396:Persecution of Jews
301:(Petras Banys) and
2925:British Free Corps
2913:Germanske SS Norge
2875:SS Division Wiking
2654:Das Schwarze Korps
1984:Sicherheitspolizei
1940:Algirdas Klimaitis
1738:Friedrich Buchardt
1653:Bruno Streckenbach
1439:Marcinkonys Ghetto
1245:Petronėlė Lastienė
1209:Yitzhak Wittenberg
1204:Elchonon Wasserman
1116:Adrian von Renteln
1081:Algirdas Klimaitis
1056:Algimantas Dailidė
764:"Lawina Steinbach"
461:Algimantas Dailidė
293:(Juozas Pakulis),
252:, an agent of the
237:Internal structure
172:Sicherheitspolizei
156:External structure
141:Adrian von Renteln
104:". Foreseeing the
76:, persecuting the
3011:
3010:
2943:
2942:
2720:Führer protection
2660:SS-Junker Schools
2415:
2414:
2360:
2359:
2255:Intelligenzaktion
2101:
2100:
2092:Ypatingasis būrys
1992:Sicherheitsdienst
1948:
1947:
1813:Martin Sandberger
1783:Walter Kutschmann
1768:Friedrich Jeckeln
1558:Reinhard Heydrich
1495:
1494:
1454:Švenčionys Ghetto
1361:
1360:
1332:Ypatingasis būrys
1288:
1287:
1199:Abraham Sutzkever
1174:Zelig Kalmanovich
1047:Perpetrators and
696:978-5-417-00958-7
683:Stankeras, Pertas
646:(in Lithuanian).
585:(in Lithuanian).
428:their execution.
421:Ypatingasis būrys
382:Polish resistance
230:Einsatzkommando 3
187:Sicherheitsdienst
118:Vytautas Reivytis
78:Polish resistance
16:(Redirected from
3051:
2983:Allach porcelain
2930:Kaminski Brigade
2885:Foreign SS units
2762:Schutzmannschaft
2747:
2630:Education Office
2625:Personnel Office
2584:SS Medical Corps
2562:Main departments
2548:Heinrich Himmler
2538:Joseph Berchtold
2489:
2442:
2435:
2428:
2419:
2286:Zmievskaya Balka
2216:Kaunas June 1941
2173:Dünamünde Action
2110:
2038:Schutzmannschaft
1957:
1758:Erich Isselhorst
1698:Wolfgang Birkner
1693:Ernst Biberstein
1665:Einsatzkommandos
1643:Heinrich Seetzen
1588:Walther Bierkamp
1548:
1536:Einsatzkommandos
1522:
1515:
1508:
1499:
1378:Kaunas June 1941
1297:
1044:
997:
987:
968:
961:
954:
945:
939:
938:
936:
935:
921:
915:
914:
912:
911:
894:
888:
887:
885:
884:
869:
863:
862:
856:
848:
846:
845:
831:
825:
824:
798:
792:
791:
789:
788:
759:
753:
752:
750:
749:
734:
728:
727:
721:
710:
701:
700:
679:
666:
665:
663:
662:
632:
605:
604:
602:
601:
571:
542:
541:
518:
509:
508:
506:
505:
491:
409:Nazi racial laws
378:Soviet partisans
321:Soviet partisans
251:
216:Schutzmannschaft
199:
190:), commanded by
180:
165:
138:Generalkommissar
126:
46:Saugumo policija
21:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3053:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3014:
3013:
3012:
3007:
2939:
2918:Schalburg Corps
2879:
2835:
2742:Waffen-SS units
2736:
2715:
2669:
2634:
2557:
2521:
2502:Reichsführer-SS
2490:
2481:
2454:
2446:
2416:
2411:
2382:Commissar Order
2356:
2308:
2290:
2267:
2235:
2197:
2193:Liepāja (Šķēde)
2154:
2136:
2097:
2025:
2000:Ordnungspolizei
1944:
1925:Herberts Cukurs
1908:
1862:
1858:Udo von Woyrsch
1823:Hermann Schaper
1818:Emanuel Schäfer
1793:Josef Meisinger
1778:Wolfgang Kügler
1703:Helmut Bischoff
1670:Sonderkommandos
1668:
1663:
1657:
1598:Erich Ehrlinger
1573:
1567:
1539:
1526:
1496:
1491:
1463:
1449:Šiauliai Ghetto
1434:Lukiškės Prison
1402:
1357:
1336:
1284:
1280:Jan Zwartendijk
1275:Chiune Sugihara
1223:
1219:Wolf Durmashkin
1154:Alexander Bogen
1141:
1135:
1061:Erich Ehrlinger
1048:
1035:
995:
985:
977:
972:
942:
933:
931:
923:
922:
918:
909:
907:
896:
895:
891:
882:
880:
871:
870:
866:
849:
843:
841:
833:
832:
828:
808:Gość Niedzielny
800:
799:
795:
786:
784:
761:
760:
756:
747:
745:
736:
735:
731:
719:
712:
711:
704:
697:
681:
680:
669:
660:
658:
634:
633:
608:
599:
597:
573:
572:
545:
538:
520:
519:
512:
503:
501:
493:
492:
485:
481:
469:
434:
404:
398:
355:Juozas Bagdonis
351:
346:
340:organizations.
245:
239:
195:
176:
161:
158:
153:
120:
86:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3057:
3055:
3047:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3016:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2978:
2976:Klinker-Zement
2973:
2968:
2963:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2845:
2843:
2837:
2836:
2834:
2833:
2828:
2823:
2818:
2813:
2812:
2811:
2809:Volksdeutscher
2801:
2799:Arajs Kommando
2796:
2791:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2759:
2757:Einsatzgruppen
2753:
2751:
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2729:
2723:
2721:
2717:
2716:
2714:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2677:
2675:
2671:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2650:
2644:
2642:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2579:SS Main Office
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2533:Julius Schreck
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2491:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2447:
2445:
2444:
2437:
2430:
2422:
2413:
2412:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2399:
2397:Korherr Report
2394:
2389:
2384:
2379:
2377:The Black Book
2374:
2368:
2366:
2362:
2361:
2358:
2357:
2355:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2318:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2269:
2268:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2251:
2245:
2243:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2207:
2205:
2199:
2198:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2164:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2107:
2103:
2102:
2099:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2088:
2083:
2075:
2070:
2062:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2016:
2009:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1980:
1972:
1963:
1961:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1942:
1937:
1935:Konrāds Kalējs
1932:
1927:
1922:
1916:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1906:
1904:Albert Widmann
1901:
1899:Heinz Schubert
1896:
1891:
1889:Emil Haussmann
1886:
1884:Joachim Hamann
1881:
1879:Lothar Fendler
1876:
1870:
1868:
1864:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1848:Eduard Strauch
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1760:
1755:
1750:
1748:Gerhard Flesch
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1723:Otto Bradfisch
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1695:
1690:
1685:
1680:
1674:
1672:
1659:
1658:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1628:Otto Ohlendorf
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1579:
1577:
1575:Einsatzgruppen
1572:Commanders of
1569:
1568:
1566:
1565:
1560:
1554:
1552:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1530:Einsatzgruppen
1527:
1525:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1502:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1468:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1344:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1334:
1329:
1327:TDA battalions
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1307:Einsatzgruppen
1303:
1301:
1294:
1290:
1289:
1286:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1240:Anna Borkowska
1237:
1231:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1214:Jacob Wygodzki
1211:
1206:
1201:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1156:
1151:
1145:
1143:
1137:
1136:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1066:Joachim Hamann
1063:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1041:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
982:
979:
978:
973:
971:
970:
963:
956:
948:
941:
940:
927:(2001-07-11).
916:
889:
864:
837:(2001-02-23).
826:
793:
754:
740:(1996-07-12).
729:
702:
695:
667:
636:Bubnys, Arūnas
606:
575:Bubnys, Arūnas
543:
536:
510:
497:(1996-06-26).
482:
480:
477:
476:
475:
468:
465:
438:Western Europe
433:
430:
400:Main article:
397:
394:
386:intelligentsia
350:
347:
345:
342:
334:
333:
330:
327:
324:
317:
313:
310:
238:
235:
157:
154:
152:
149:
85:
82:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3056:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3021:
3019:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2961:
2958:
2957:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2946:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2838:
2832:
2829:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2764:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2739:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2722:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2678:
2676:
2672:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2637:
2631:
2628:
2626:
2623:
2621:
2620:Courts Office
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2543:Erhard Heiden
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2493:
2488:
2478:
2475:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2466:Allgemeine SS
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2451:
2450:Schutzstaffel
2443:
2438:
2436:
2431:
2429:
2424:
2423:
2420:
2408:
2405:
2403:
2400:
2398:
2395:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2373:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2347:Mizocz Ghetto
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2327:Drobytsky Yar
2325:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2270:
2264:
2263:
2259:
2257:
2256:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2132:Slutsk Affair
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2122:Łachwa Ghetto
2120:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2111:
2108:
2104:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2068:
2063:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2008:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1968:Schutzstaffel
1965:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1920:Viktors Arājs
1918:
1917:
1915:
1913:Collaborators
1911:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1874:August Becker
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:Other members
1865:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Eugen Steimle
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1806:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1764:
1761:
1759:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1749:
1746:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:Werner Braune
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1684:
1681:
1679:
1676:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1666:
1662:Commanders of
1660:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:
1631:
1629:
1626:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1618:Erich Naumann
1616:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1604:
1603:Wilhelm Fuchs
1601:
1599:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1584:
1581:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1561:
1559:
1556:
1555:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1531:
1523:
1518:
1516:
1511:
1509:
1504:
1503:
1500:
1488:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1478:
1475:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1466:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1405:
1399:
1398:Švenčionėliai
1396:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1370:
1368:
1364:
1354:
1353:Paper Brigade
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1343:
1339:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:Antanas Poška
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1230:
1226:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1210:
1207:
1205:
1202:
1200:
1197:
1195:
1194:Ephraim Oshry
1192:
1190:
1187:
1185:
1184:Rozka Korczak
1182:
1180:
1179:Vitka Kempner
1177:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1159:Josef Glazman
1157:
1155:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1101:Jonas Noreika
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1091:Hinrich Lohse
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1051:
1049:collaborators
1045:
1042:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
994:
992:
991:The Holocaust
989:
984:
983:
980:
976:
969:
964:
962:
957:
955:
950:
949:
946:
930:
926:
920:
917:
905:
904:
899:
893:
890:
879:
875:
868:
865:
860:
854:
840:
836:
830:
827:
822:
818:
814:
811:(in Polish).
810:
809:
804:
797:
794:
783:
779:
775:
772:(in Polish).
771:
770:
765:
758:
755:
743:
739:
733:
730:
725:
718:
717:
709:
707:
703:
698:
692:
688:
684:
678:
676:
674:
672:
668:
657:
653:
649:
645:
641:
637:
631:
629:
627:
625:
623:
621:
619:
617:
615:
613:
611:
607:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
570:
568:
566:
564:
562:
560:
558:
556:
554:
552:
550:
548:
544:
539:
537:0-253-33359-8
533:
529:
528:
523:
522:Gitelman, Zvi
517:
515:
511:
500:
496:
490:
488:
484:
478:
474:
471:
470:
466:
464:
462:
457:
455:
454:9789986847281
451:
447:
443:
439:
431:
429:
426:
422:
418:
412:
410:
403:
395:
393:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
348:
343:
341:
339:
331:
328:
325:
322:
318:
314:
311:
308:
307:
306:
304:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
279:
277:
272:
270:
266:
262:
257:
255:
249:
244:
243:Stasys Čenkus
236:
234:
232:
231:
226:
225:Wilhelm Fuchs
220:
218:
217:
212:
208:
207:
206:Schutzpolizei
202:
198:
193:
189:
188:
183:
179:
174:
173:
168:
164:
155:
150:
148:
146:
142:
139:
135:
134:
128:
124:
119:
115:
111:
110:June Uprising
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
83:
81:
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2998:Sudetenquell
2966:Ostindustrie
2804:Selbstschutz
2767:Byelorussian
2750:Paramilitary
2652:
2596: (RSHA)
2448:
2392:Jäger Report
2342:Lviv pogroms
2261:
2253:
2150:Kalevi-Liiva
2127:Minsk Ghetto
2090:
2079:Rollkommando
2078:
2072:
2066:
2036:
2020:Sonderdienst
2018:
2011:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1979: (RSHA)
1974:
1966:
1894:Felix Landau
1853:Martin Weiss
1833:Erwin Schulz
1808:Walter Rauff
1788:Rudolf Lange
1743:Ernst Damzog
1733:Karl Brunner
1713:Walter Blume
1683:Gerhard Bast
1669:
1664:
1613:Bruno Müller
1574:
1534:
1528:
1459:Vilna Ghetto
1429:Kovno Ghetto
1373:Jäger Report
1316:
1300:Perpetrators
1270:Anton Schmid
1235:Kazys Binkis
1164:Jay M. Ipson
1149:Chaim Yellin
1131:Martin Weiss
1111:Helmut Rauca
1076:Bruno Kittel
986:Main article
932:. Retrieved
919:
908:. Retrieved
906:. 2006-03-27
901:
892:
881:. Retrieved
878:The Observer
867:
842:. Retrieved
829:
812:
806:
796:
785:. Retrieved
773:
767:
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746:. Retrieved
732:
726:. p. 6.
715:
686:
659:. Retrieved
647:
643:
598:. Retrieved
586:
582:
526:
502:. Retrieved
458:
445:
435:
413:
405:
390:proscription
375:
371:Seventh Fort
352:
335:
316:publications
280:
273:
258:
240:
228:
221:
214:
213:(Lithuanian
159:
151:Organization
137:
131:
129:
87:
36:
35:
31:
29:
3003:Anton Loibl
2988:Apollinaris
2898:Germanic-SS
2893:Austrian SS
2512:SS commands
2183:Pogulianski
1753:Ludwig Hahn
1708:Paul Blobel
1688:Rudolf Batz
1623:Arthur Nebe
1593:Horst Böhme
1265:Ona Šimaitė
1255:Karl Plagge
1189:Abba Kovner
1140:Victims and
1106:Mike Pasker
1096:Franz Murer
299:Marijampolė
246: [
121: [
3018:Categories
2777:Lithuanian
2665:Lebensborn
2553:Karl Hanke
2495:Leadership
2211:Ninth Fort
2055:Lithuanian
2043:Belarusian
2030:Non-German
1763:Karl Jäger
1638:Otto Rasch
1608:Heinz Jost
1444:Ninth Fort
1341:Resistance
1142:resistance
1071:Karl Jäger
934:2006-06-09
910:2006-06-09
883:2006-06-12
844:2006-06-12
787:2006-06-09
748:2006-06-09
661:2015-04-05
600:2006-06-09
504:2006-06-09
479:References
419:or to the
344:Activities
338:right-wing
192:Karl Jäger
42:Lithuanian
2816:Trawnikis
2782:Ukrainian
2648:Ahnenerbe
2477:Waffen-SS
2332:Drohobycz
2262:AB-Aktion
2203:Lithuania
2059:Ukrainian
1838:Franz Six
853:cite news
821:0137-7604
782:0209-1747
656:1392-3463
595:1392-3463
303:Panevėžys
197:‹See Tfd›
178:‹See Tfd›
163:‹See Tfd›
2787:Estonian
2459:Branches
2322:Babi Yar
2296:Slovakia
2067:Kommando
2047:Estonian
1551:Director
1228:Rescuers
1026:Slovakia
903:BBC News
776:(1138).
685:(2008).
638:(1997).
577:(1997).
524:(1998).
467:See also
425:Paneriai
380:and the
363:Komsomol
291:Šiauliai
37:Saugumas
18:Saugumas
2993:Mattoni
2851:(SS-VT)
2772:Latvian
2526:Leaders
2473:(SS-TV)
2365:Records
2314:Ukraine
2188:Rumbula
2178:Jelgava
2142:Estonia
2114:Belarus
2051:Latvian
1031:Ukraine
1006:Estonia
1001:Belarus
417:Gestapo
392:list).
295:Ukmergė
283:Vilnius
265:Vilnius
2962:(DEST)
2273:Russia
2241:Poland
2231:Ponary
2160:Latvia
2106:Crimes
2081:Hamann
2065:Arajs
2003:(Orpo)
1987:(SiPo)
1960:German
1953:Groups
1544:People
1407:Places
1393:Ponary
1366:Events
1293:Groups
1040:People
1021:Russia
1016:Poland
1011:Latvia
819:
780:
769:Wprost
693:
654:
593:
534:
452:
276:Kaunas
261:Kaunas
254:Abwehr
201:German
182:German
167:German
136:under
2352:Odesa
720:(PDF)
388:(cf.
250:]
125:]
88:When
70:Kripo
2826:Hiwi
2453:(SS)
1995:(SD)
1971:(SS)
1533:and
859:link
817:ISSN
778:ISSN
691:ISBN
652:ISSN
591:ISSN
532:ISBN
450:ISBN
367:NKVD
98:NKVD
58:Sipo
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2086:TDA
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