701:
834:
31:
822:
111:
1586:
1610:
1574:
1598:
742:), no pointing mechanism is required to allow for shifting wind direction and the turbine is self-starting. Savonius and other vertical-axis machines are suited to pumping water and other high torque, low rpm applications, and are not usually connected to electric power grids. In the early 1980s, Risto Joutsiniemi developed a
326:
is the wind speed. However, in practice the extractable power is about half that (one can argue that only one half of the rotor — the scoop co-moving with the wind — works at each instant of time) and depends also on the efficiency of the given rotor. Thus, for the theoretical ideal rotor, one gets
93:
about several vertical axis wind turbines with curved or V-shaped blades. None of his or any other earlier examples reached the state of development achieved by
Savonius. In his biography, there is mention of his intention to develop a turbine-type rotor similar to the
138:
than other similarly-sized lift-type turbines. In practice, much of the swept area of a
Savonius rotor may be near the ground if it has a short mount without an extended post, making the overall energy extraction less effective due to the lower
134:, the scoops experience less drag when moving against the wind than when moving with the wind. The differential drag causes the Savonius turbine to spin. Because they are drag-type devices, Savonius turbines extract much less of the wind's
240:
555:
414:
779:
In Europe, small
Savonius wind turbines can sometimes be seen used as "animated" advertising signs in which the rotational movement helps to draw attention to the item advertised. They sometimes feature a simple two-frame
143:
found at lower heights. They have several advantages over horizontal axis wind turbines, notably, low noise levels, the ability to operate with low wind speeds and relative independence on the wind direction.
603:
1470:
700:
730:
are
Savonius turbines for this reason, as efficiency is irrelevant to the application of measuring wind speed. Much larger Savonius turbines have been used to generate
643:
466:
159:
471:
330:
260:
57:. The turbine consists of a number of aerofoils, usually—but not always—vertically mounted on a rotating shaft or framework, either ground stationed or tethered in
753:, which is commonly seen on the roofs of vans and buses and is used as a cooling device. This rotor was developed for ventilation by the German aircraft engineer
437:
623:
324:
304:
284:
98:, but self-rotating. He experimented with his rotor on various small rowing craft on lakes in Finland. No results of his investigations are known, but the
746:
version that does not require end plates, has a smoother torque profile and is self-starting in the same manner as is a crossed pair of straight rotors.
757:
in the 1920s. It uses the
Savonius wind turbine to drive an extractor fan. The vents are still manufactured in the UK by Flettner Ventilator Limited.
801:
When the
Savonius rotor axis is set horizontally and tethered, then kiting results. There are scores of patents and products that use the net lift
1383:
738:, which need small amounts of power and get very little maintenance. Design is simplified because, unlike with horizontal axis wind turbines (
102:
is confirmed by Felix van König (1978). Two
Savonius wind turbine patents were filed in the U.S.: one in 1925 and one in 1928, by Savonius.
126:-type device, consisting of two or three scoops. Looking down on the rotor from above, a two-scoop machine might resemble the letter "S" in
1649:
1166:
1403:
1388:
927:
900:
869:
1059:
1659:
81:
had earlier experimented with curved blades on vertical wind turbines for many decades. The earliest mention is by the Bishop of
833:
1221:
1480:
567:
1331:
821:
720:
1654:
1512:
1490:
1263:
1634:
1336:
1268:
42:
1537:
1286:
806:
1557:
1159:
74:
1616:
716:
127:
809:
of the
Savonius rotor. The spin may be mined for some of its energy for making sound, heat, or electricity.
1552:
1547:
1311:
793:
1602:
1346:
1306:
1291:
1258:
1201:
1196:
705:
58:
1393:
1296:
1206:
1191:
892:
1590:
1542:
1500:
1375:
1301:
1253:
1211:
1152:
1609:
1139:
1326:
988:
966:
765:
235:{\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {max} }={\frac {16}{27}}{\frac {1}{2}}\rho \cdot h\cdot d\cdot v^{3}}
1578:
1233:
923:
896:
865:
859:
760:
Specifically constructed
Savonius wind turbines have been used to provide power to autonomous
628:
561:
550:{\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {max} }\approx 0.12\,\mathrm {kg\,m^{-3}} \cdot h\cdot d\cdot v^{3}}
409:{\displaystyle P_{\mathrm {max} }\approx 0.18\,\mathrm {kg\,m^{-3}} \cdot h\cdot d\cdot v^{3}}
886:
1422:
1101:
442:
82:
743:
245:
1532:
1527:
1485:
646:
86:
419:
1507:
1495:
1444:
888:
The Wind Power Story: A Century of
Innovation that Reshaped the Global Energy Landscape
769:
754:
750:
608:
309:
289:
269:
263:
123:
95:
30:
1643:
1621:
1475:
1316:
1034:
1010:
802:
153:
99:
1517:
1278:
1216:
739:
861:
Wind Science and Engineering: Origins, Developments, Fundamentals and Advancements
156:, the maximum power that is possible to extract from a theoretical ideal rotor is
917:
1358:
119:
110:
1522:
1353:
1183:
1175:
953:
942:
773:
727:
140:
135:
1363:
1245:
781:
131:
1573:
1035:"Increase in the Savonius rotors efficiency via a parametric investigation"
1011:"Increase in the Savonius rotors efficiency via a parametric investigation"
1429:
1228:
1094:"A wind-turbine for autonomous stations for radio detection of neutrinos"
761:
731:
1106:
653:
is a characteristic of each specific windmill, and for a Savonius rotor
17:
1439:
1416:
1411:
1124:
1098:
Proceedings of 36th International Cosmic Ray Conference — PoS(ICRC2019)
70:
967:"What's the Difference Between Vertical and Horizontal Wind Turbines?"
1454:
1449:
1434:
1321:
1080:
709:
78:
50:
1130:
Windside Savonius Type Wind Turbines for use in Extreme Environments
749:
The most ubiquitous application of the Savonius wind turbine is the
1092:
Nelles, Anna; on behalf of the ARIANNA collaboration (2021-07-02).
699:
109:
29:
1093:
735:
54:
46:
1148:
1144:
468:), making the real extractable power of the typical Savonius
1135:
Savonius turbines for dynamic environments www.spinpower.org
989:"Improved Savonius wind turbine captures wind in the cities"
1134:
1129:
118:
The Savonius turbine is one of the simplest turbines.
27:
Type of wind turbine that spins along its vertical axis
89:, who was also an engineer. He wrote in his 1616 book
1060:"Rotating Sails Help to Revive Wind-Powered Shipping"
660:
For example, an oil-barrel sized Savonius rotor with
631:
611:
570:
474:
445:
422:
333:
312:
292:
272:
248:
162:
598:{\displaystyle \omega ={\frac {\lambda \cdot v}{r}}}
1463:
1402:
1374:
1277:
1244:
1182:
637:
617:
597:
549:
460:
431:
408:
318:
298:
278:
254:
234:
114:Schematic drawing of a two-scoop Savonius turbine
1100:. Vol. 358. SISSA Medialab. p. 968.
69:The Savonius wind turbine was invented by the
1635:Notions of Wind Energy for the Complete Idiot
1160:
306:are the height and diameter of the rotor and
45:(VAWT), used for converting the force of the
8:
715:Savonius turbines are used whenever cost or
439:of the Savonius wind turbine is around 20% (
34:A Savonius wind turbine in Akihabara, Japan.
1167:
1153:
1145:
1125:Build your own model Savonius wind turbine
1105:
630:
610:
577:
569:
541:
512:
507:
500:
499:
480:
479:
473:
444:
421:
400:
371:
366:
359:
358:
339:
338:
332:
311:
291:
271:
247:
226:
194:
184:
168:
167:
161:
1058:Freehill-Maye, Lynn (December 1, 2020).
850:
817:
1140:How to build a Savonius wind generator
645:is a dimensionless factor called the
416:, but the average maximum efficiency
7:
1597:
788:Tethered airborne Savonius turbines
684:, will generate a maximum power of
919:Windenergie in praktischer Nutzung
509:
504:
501:
487:
484:
481:
368:
363:
360:
346:
343:
340:
175:
172:
169:
25:
1608:
1596:
1585:
1584:
1572:
832:
820:
965:Duval, George (July 24, 2021).
827:Operation of a Savonius turbine
688:and a maximum angular speed of
77:in 1922 and patented in 1926.
692:(190 revolutions per minute).
1:
1481:Blade element momentum theory
1471:2020s in wind power research
991:. ScienceDaily. May 20, 2016
839:A Savonius rotor bladed WECS
719:is much more important than
1650:Vertical axis wind turbines
1491:Energy return on investment
657:is typically around unity.
1676:
885:Owens, Brandon N. (2019).
148:Power and rotational speed
43:vertical-axis wind turbine
1566:
1538:Variable renewable energy
864:. Springer. p. 570.
858:Solari, Giovanni (2019).
764:detector stations of the
1558:Wind resource assessment
916:Felix van König (1978).
638:{\displaystyle \lambda }
75:Sigurd Johannes Savonius
1660:20th-century inventions
744:helical rotor (wiki:fi)
708:–Savonius generator in
564:of a rotor is given by
1553:Wind profile power law
1548:Wind power forecasting
794:Airborne wind turbines
712:
639:
619:
599:
551:
462:
461:{\displaystyle Cp=0.2}
433:
410:
320:
300:
280:
256:
236:
115:
39:Savonius wind turbines
35:
1579:Wind power portal
1062:. Scientific American
893:John Wiley & Sons
703:
640:
620:
600:
552:
463:
434:
411:
321:
301:
281:
257:
255:{\displaystyle \rho }
237:
113:
33:
1384:Consulting companies
1192:Airborne wind energy
734:power on deep-water
629:
609:
568:
472:
443:
420:
331:
310:
290:
270:
246:
160:
1613:Additional portals:
1543:Virtual power plant
1376:Wind power industry
1254:Lists of wind farms
1107:10.22323/1.358.0968
805:that occurs in the
751:Flettner ventilator
1655:Finnish inventions
766:ARIANNA experiment
713:
635:
625:is the radius and
615:
595:
547:
458:
432:{\displaystyle Cp}
429:
406:
316:
296:
276:
252:
232:
116:
36:
1630:
1629:
1222:on public display
618:{\displaystyle r}
593:
562:angular frequency
319:{\displaystyle v}
299:{\displaystyle d}
279:{\displaystyle h}
202:
192:
130:. Because of the
16:(Redirected from
1667:
1617:Renewable energy
1612:
1600:
1599:
1588:
1587:
1577:
1576:
1423:GE Offshore Wind
1169:
1162:
1155:
1146:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1089:
1083:
1078:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1067:
1055:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1045:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1007:
1001:
1000:
998:
996:
985:
979:
978:
976:
974:
962:
956:
951:
945:
940:
934:
933:
913:
907:
906:
882:
876:
875:
855:
836:
824:
691:
687:
683:
676:under a wind of
675:
667:
644:
642:
641:
636:
624:
622:
621:
616:
604:
602:
601:
596:
594:
589:
578:
556:
554:
553:
548:
546:
545:
521:
520:
519:
492:
491:
490:
467:
465:
464:
459:
438:
436:
435:
430:
415:
413:
412:
407:
405:
404:
380:
379:
378:
351:
350:
349:
325:
323:
322:
317:
305:
303:
302:
297:
285:
283:
282:
277:
261:
259:
258:
253:
241:
239:
238:
233:
231:
230:
203:
195:
193:
185:
180:
179:
178:
59:airborne systems
21:
1675:
1674:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1665:
1664:
1640:
1639:
1631:
1626:
1571:
1562:
1533:Tip-speed ratio
1528:Net energy gain
1486:Capacity factor
1459:
1398:
1370:
1273:
1259:Community-owned
1240:
1178:
1173:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1091:
1090:
1086:
1079:
1075:
1065:
1063:
1057:
1056:
1052:
1043:
1041:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1019:
1017:
1009:
1008:
1004:
994:
992:
987:
986:
982:
972:
970:
964:
963:
959:
952:
948:
941:
937:
930:
915:
914:
910:
903:
895:. p. 102.
884:
883:
879:
872:
857:
856:
852:
847:
840:
837:
828:
825:
816:
790:
698:
689:
685:
681:
673:
665:
647:tip-speed ratio
627:
626:
607:
606:
579:
566:
565:
537:
508:
475:
470:
469:
441:
440:
418:
417:
396:
367:
334:
329:
328:
308:
307:
288:
287:
268:
267:
244:
243:
222:
163:
158:
157:
150:
120:Aerodynamically
108:
87:Fausto Veranzio
67:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1673:
1671:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1606:
1594:
1582:
1567:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1508:Energy subsidy
1505:
1504:
1503:
1496:Energy storage
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1445:Siemens Gamesa
1442:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1400:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1351:
1350:
1349:
1344:
1334:
1332:Unconventional
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1297:Crosswind kite
1294:
1289:
1283:
1281:
1275:
1274:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1264:Offshore farms
1261:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1225:
1224:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1188:
1186:
1180:
1179:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1164:
1157:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1127:
1120:
1119:External links
1117:
1114:
1113:
1084:
1073:
1050:
1026:
1002:
980:
957:
946:
935:
928:
908:
901:
877:
870:
849:
848:
846:
843:
842:
841:
838:
831:
829:
826:
819:
815:
812:
811:
810:
799:
796:
789:
786:
770:Ross-Ice Shelf
755:Anton Flettner
697:
694:
634:
614:
592:
588:
585:
582:
576:
573:
544:
540:
536:
533:
530:
527:
524:
518:
515:
511:
506:
503:
498:
495:
489:
486:
483:
478:
457:
454:
451:
448:
428:
425:
403:
399:
395:
392:
389:
386:
383:
377:
374:
370:
365:
362:
357:
354:
348:
345:
342:
337:
315:
295:
275:
264:density of air
251:
229:
225:
221:
218:
215:
212:
209:
206:
201:
198:
191:
188:
183:
177:
174:
171:
166:
149:
146:
107:
104:
96:Flettner rotor
91:Machinae novae
66:
63:
53:on a rotating
41:are a type of
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1672:
1661:
1658:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1645:
1636:
1633:
1632:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1595:
1593:
1592:
1583:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1565:
1559:
1556:
1554:
1551:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1462:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1443:
1441:
1438:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1404:Manufacturers
1401:
1395:
1392:
1390:
1389:Manufacturers
1387:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1345:
1343:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1337:Vertical-axis
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1317:Pitch bearing
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1279:Wind turbines
1276:
1270:
1269:Onshore farms
1267:
1265:
1262:
1260:
1257:
1255:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1243:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1208:
1207:Land vehicles
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1158:
1156:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1118:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1088:
1085:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1061:
1054:
1051:
1040:
1036:
1030:
1027:
1016:
1012:
1006:
1003:
990:
984:
981:
968:
961:
958:
955:
950:
947:
944:
939:
936:
931:
929:3-7906-0077-6
925:
921:
920:
912:
909:
904:
902:9781118794180
898:
894:
890:
889:
881:
878:
873:
871:9783030188153
867:
863:
862:
854:
851:
844:
835:
830:
823:
818:
813:
808:
804:
803:Magnus effect
800:
797:
795:
792:
791:
787:
785:
783:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
756:
752:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
724:
722:
718:
711:
707:
702:
695:
693:
690:20 rad/s
679:
671:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
632:
612:
590:
586:
583:
580:
574:
571:
563:
558:
542:
538:
534:
531:
528:
525:
522:
516:
513:
496:
493:
476:
455:
452:
449:
446:
426:
423:
401:
397:
393:
390:
387:
384:
381:
375:
372:
355:
352:
335:
313:
293:
273:
265:
249:
227:
223:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
199:
196:
189:
186:
181:
164:
155:
152:According to
147:
145:
142:
137:
133:
129:
128:cross section
125:
121:
112:
105:
103:
101:
100:Magnus effect
97:
92:
88:
84:
83:Csanád County
80:
76:
72:
64:
62:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
32:
19:
1601:
1589:
1570:
1518:Hybrid power
1341:
1287:Aerodynamics
1097:
1087:
1076:
1066:November 11,
1064:. Retrieved
1053:
1042:. Retrieved
1039:ResearchGate
1038:
1029:
1018:. Retrieved
1015:ResearchGate
1014:
1005:
995:November 11,
993:. Retrieved
983:
973:November 11,
971:. Retrieved
960:
949:
938:
922:. Pfriemer.
918:
911:
887:
880:
860:
853:
807:autorotation
778:
759:
748:
725:
714:
677:
669:
661:
659:
654:
650:
559:
151:
117:
90:
68:
38:
37:
728:anemometers
717:reliability
682:10 m/s
141:wind speeds
1644:Categories
1523:Laddermill
1476:Betz's law
1421:including
1354:Yaw system
1246:Wind farms
1197:By country
1184:Wind power
1176:Wind power
1044:2022-08-20
1020:2017-06-02
969:. Semprius
845:References
798:Kite types
774:Antarctica
721:efficiency
686:120 W
674:0.5 m
154:Betz's law
122:, it is a
954:US1766765
943:US1697574
782:animation
704:Combined
633:λ
584:⋅
581:λ
572:ω
535:⋅
529:⋅
523:⋅
514:−
494:≈
394:⋅
388:⋅
382:⋅
373:−
353:≈
250:ρ
220:⋅
214:⋅
208:⋅
205:ρ
132:curvature
106:Operation
79:Europeans
73:engineer
1591:Category
1464:Concepts
1430:Goldwind
1394:Software
1347:Darrieus
1342:Savonius
1307:Floating
1292:Airborne
1234:panemone
1229:Windmill
1217:Turbines
1212:Offshore
1081:Flettner
762:neutrino
732:electric
706:Darrieus
666:1 m
605:, where
242:, where
18:Savonius
1603:Commons
1440:Senvion
1417:GE Wind
1412:Enercon
1359:bearing
1312:Nacelle
1202:History
814:Gallery
768:on the
262:is the
71:Finnish
1622:Energy
1455:Vestas
1450:Suzlon
1435:Nordex
1322:QBlade
1302:Design
926:
899:
868:
710:Taiwan
65:Origin
51:torque
1364:drive
1327:Small
740:HAWTs
736:buoys
726:Most
136:power
55:shaft
49:into
1513:HVDC
1501:grid
1068:2021
997:2021
975:2021
924:ISBN
897:ISBN
866:ISBN
668:and
560:The
497:0.12
356:0.18
286:and
124:drag
47:wind
1102:doi
776:.
772:in
696:Use
557:.
456:0.2
1646::
1096:.
1037:.
1013:.
891:.
784:.
723:.
649:.
266:,
190:27
187:16
85:,
61:.
1168:e
1161:t
1154:v
1110:.
1104::
1070:.
1047:.
1023:.
999:.
977:.
932:.
905:.
874:.
680:=
678:v
672:=
670:r
664:=
662:h
655:λ
651:λ
613:r
591:r
587:v
575:=
543:3
539:v
532:d
526:h
517:3
510:m
505:g
502:k
488:x
485:a
482:m
477:P
453:=
450:p
447:C
427:p
424:C
402:3
398:v
391:d
385:h
376:3
369:m
364:g
361:k
347:x
344:a
341:m
336:P
314:v
294:d
274:h
228:3
224:v
217:d
211:h
200:2
197:1
182:=
176:x
173:a
170:m
165:P
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
