344:
54:
300:
429:
behaviors exhibited by the bee. Additionally, this behavior decreases the competition between nest mates because the bees are able to exploit and find new food sources using their olfactory and visual senses. Individuals tend to leave a scent of food in order to advertise when there is food whether it is far or close to the colony, which helps to indicate to other species the level of competition for such a small or large amount of food.
33:
476:
themselves are not encouraged by the queen to lay eggs. In a monogamous setting, workers produce males in order to help maximize patrilines and pass on their own genes rather than laying females, a feature that the queen has been noted to prevent. This species is considered common and abundant throughout Mexico and has been noted to thrive in tropical environments.
360:
create these drones near where a potential virgin queen may be. Additionally, this species tends to forage in trees and shrubs, which helps to enhance its polylectic behavior. They have especially been seen to have high diversity values because of the diverse resources that they live and take resources from.
475:
are monandrous, the genotypes of the workers of each individual colonies does indicate a single patriline, indicated by one paternal allele that each worker carries. Therefore, it is thought that the queen is inseminated by males in order to create more workers with each colony cycle, but the workers
402:
detect queens and assess their reproductive status based on olfactory signals. A drone of this species can distinguish a physogastric and virgin queen due to the compounds in the queens head. The queens have been noted to have 2 alcohols and 2 nonanols that distinguish them from the drones as a queen
420:
to reduce chances of mating with a sister or a close relative. This form of disassortive mating proves an effective behavioral mating system given that the probability of sister-brother mating is decreased and eventually a drone aggregation is able to fission in to many genetically diverse colonies.
372:
species form large perennial colonies which are divided based by communication methods. They have a tendency to form drone congregations, consisting of approximately 132 colonies. The better the environment and the more steady food supply that exists, the more reproductive swarms and more drones are
419:
specifically creates drone congregations in order to avoid inbreeding. In this species it is noted that drones are composed of up to 132 various colonies that all maintain varied genes and fitnesses. Male bees from nearby colonies are noted to avoid joining congregations closer to them in an effort
359:
lives in these tree cavities where they form colonies by stacking brood cells in the shape of a pyramid. It is possible to distinguish colonies within the species since there are identical paternal alleles. This species has been observed forming drones very close to nests, strategically waiting to
428:
These bees have been observed to indicate the presence or lack thereof of food through visual or olfactory marks. Certain forager species choose olfactory marks to indicate specifically rich food sources. Depending on the resources shape and color there are different responses and communication
442:
Workers within the same colony all have one of two maternal alleles, which guarantees relatedness as offspring of the same queen. This species chooses to forms drones in order to encourage outbreeding which increases the fitness of the colony unlike inbreeding.
270:
and one of two maternal alleles, resulting from the single mating habits of the queen. The workers can be identified by the aggressive mannerism with which they protect and defend the nest. Additionally, workers of this species maintain black/dark brown heads,
897:
RamĂrez-Arriaga, Elia; MartĂnez-Hernández, Enrique (October 2007). "Melitopalynological
Characterization of Scaptotrigona mexicana Guérin (Apidae:Meliponini) and Apis Mellifera (Apidae: Apini) Honey Samples in Northern Puebla State, Mexico".
187:
tribe. This species is sometimes termed "Pisil Nekmej" and is extensively studied for its medicinal purposes. This species is considered common and abundant throughout Mexico and it has been noted to thrive in tropical environments.
590:
Sánchez, Daniel; Kraus, F. Bernard; de Jesús Hernández, Manuel; Vandame, Rémy (July 2007). "Experience, but not distance, influences the recruitment precision in the stingless bee
Scaptotrigona mexicana".
1138:
Palmer, Kellie A.; Oldroyd, Benjamin P.; Quezada-Euán, José Javier G.; Paxton, Robert J.; de May-Itza, William (25 June 2002). "Paternity frequency and maternity of males in some stingless bee species".
330:
is often found in wet lowlands but primarily in elevated mountain regions, which is supported by the idea that stingless bees of dark color and average size tend to remain in high attitudes.
254:
The queen is noted to focus on single mating, and colonies are often formed within areas where virgin queens are thought to settle in. The male bees are able to distinguish between a
381:
These colonies primarily decline due to deforestation. Due to human alteration of many ecosystems in which these species thrive, there is difficulty in preserving and managing
1032:
New colonies of the stingless bee
Scaptotrigona mexicana can be started with 50 g of mature pupae;experiments on a coffee plantation in Tuxtla Chico, Cihiapas, Mexico
1055:
Sánchez, Daniel; Nieh, James C.; Vandame, Reémy (August 2008). "Experience-based interpretation of visual and chemical information at food sources in the stingless
1285:
373:
formed. Based on how these swarms align, there are genetically related colonies formed around a mother nest, thus eventually resulting in the drone formation.
355:
can be formed with 2750 mature pupae and 50 g of brood. This species is noted to inhabit
Southeastern Mexico, where it nests in the hollows of tree trunks.
563:
is sometimes kept in apiaries when domesticated in order to maximize honey production for commercial use, and the honey of this species has been used in
208:
164:
966:
Pereboom, J. J. M.; Biesmeijer, J. C. (September 2003). "Thermal
Constraints for Stingless Bee Foragers: The Importance of Body Size and Coloration".
1246:
318:
from the 24th degree to 8th degree northern latitude. This species is noted to inhabit
Southeastern Mexico along with around 30 other bee species.
1272:
1344:
1349:
484:
Because this species produces honey and pollen, there is ongoing research to understand the potential utility of managing the species.
1359:
653:"Diversity, local knowledge and use of stingless bees (Apidae: Meliponini) in the municipality of Nocupétaro, Michoacan, Mexico"
768:
Grajales-Conesa, Julieta; C. Rojas, Julio; Guzmán-DĂaz, Miguel; RincĂłn-Rabanales, Manuel; Cruz-LĂłpez, Leopoldo (31 May 2006).
707:
Kraus, F.B.; Weinhold, S.; Moritz, R. F. A. (23 October 2007). "Genetic structure of drone congregations of the stingless bee
463:
have been seen recruiting nestmates in order to enhance overall communication to enhance food behavior and food consumption.
1277:
746:
651:
Reyes-González, Alejandro; Camou-Guerrero, Andrés; Reyes-Salas, Octavio; Argueta, Arturo; Casas, Alejandro (5 June 2014).
53:
1096:"Outbreeding and lack of temporal genetic structure in a drone congregation of the neotropical stingless bee Effect of
1207:
941:
1094:
Grajales-Conesa, Julieta; RamĂrez, RVirginia MeleĂ©ndez; Cruz-LĂłpez, Leopoldo; GuillĂ©n, Daniel Saánchez (March 2012).
1354:
1290:
272:
258:
and a virgin queen, allowing them to strategically form a colony in a place where reproductive success is greater.
326:
It has been found that the body size, body color, and geographic distribution of stingless bees are correlated.
911:
837:"Outbreeding and lack of temporal genetic structure in a drone congregation of the neotropical stingless bee
403:
ready for reproduction. The abdomen of the virgin queens specifically maintain compounds to attract drones.
288:
1175:
940:
Verdugo-Dargon, Marlene; Cruz-Lopez, Leopaldo; Malo, Edi; Rojas, Julio; Guzman-Diaz, Miguel (1 Jan 2011).
1212:
516:
148:
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975:
600:
564:
1339:
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1007:
991:
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793:
728:
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48:
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1311:
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999:
870:
684:
616:
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1316:
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1029:
983:
907:
860:
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299:
239:
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are considered to be crop pollinators, as they forage for nectar on crop plants including
315:
979:
604:
942:"Olfactory attraction of Scaptotrigona mexicana drones to their virgin queen volatiles"
865:
836:
679:
652:
503:
497:
32:
1333:
1152:
769:
539:
243:
180:
125:
1160:
1120:
1095:
1011:
797:
732:
628:
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to treat illnesses ranging from coughs and throat aches to cancers and infertility.
1225:
255:
1080:
1072:
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523:
452:
284:
231:
105:
1198:
987:
724:
612:
412:
227:
204:
184:
835:
Mueller, Matthias Y.; Moritz, Robin F. A.; Bernhard Kraus, F. (25 May 2012).
789:
669:
223:
85:
65:
1003:
874:
688:
620:
1303:
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has preference for the following plants as sources of nectar and pollen:
276:
919:
1251:
995:
531:
280:
1264:
856:
267:
235:
200:
115:
95:
75:
1169:
342:
298:
555:
production of honey and pollen has been important all across the
1238:
1173:
1100:
floral extracts on the foraging behavior of the stingless bee
266:
The workers from the same colony maintain identical paternal
912:
10.2317/0022-8567(2007)80[377:MCOSMG]2.0.CO;2
459:
occasionally exemplify foraging behavior. Additionally,
415:
and have a single mate in the start of a colony cycle.
242:
throughout the year. This species has been noted to be
774:
queens: Chemical composition and biological activity*"
238:
and the queens single mate, resulting in reproductive
1182:
234:within each colony. The males of this species are
1028:F, ObregĂłn; A, Arzaluz; R, Jones (25 May 2002).
183:that lives throughout Mexico and is part of the
347:Meliponini species inhabiting hollow tree trunk
8:
1133:
1131:
291:is measured to be around 2.44 mm wide.
1023:
1021:
900:Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society
1170:
935:
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246:and have strong jaws with which to bite.
31:
20:
1119:
864:
770:"cephalic and Dufour gland decretions of
678:
668:
657:Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine
947:. Apidologie, Springer Verlag (Germany)
575:
351:It has been noted that new colonies of
7:
455:species, it has been observed that
438:Genetic relatedness within colonies
14:
1108:Revista Brasileira de Entomologia
1036:. Journal of Apicultural Research
1153:10.1046/j.1365-294X.2002.01589.x
52:
1121:10.1590/S0085-56262012000100012
447:Costs and benefits of sociality
314:species is distributed through
215:Description and identification
209:Félix Édouard Guérin-Méneville
1:
1073:10.1016/j.anbehav.2008.04.003
1345:Hymenoptera of North America
424:Within species communication
411:Queens of these species are
207:. This species was named by
1376:
1350:Insects of Central America
1360:Insects described in 1845
988:10.1007/s00442-003-1324-2
725:10.1007/s00040-007-0966-1
613:10.1007/s00114-007-0229-z
322:Environmental adaptations
154:
147:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
1102:Scaptotrigona pectoralis
747:"Scaptotrigona mexicana"
295:Distribution and habitat
670:10.1186/1746-4269-10-47
1184:Scaptotrigona mexicana
1057:Scaptotrigona mexicana
772:Scaptotrigona mexicana
709:Scaptotrigona mexicana
348:
307:
199:is part of the family
192:Taxonomy and phylogeny
176:Scaptotrigona mexicana
158:Scaptotrigona mexicana
41:Scaptotrigona mexicana
25:Scaptotrigona mexicana
845:Ecology and Evolution
839:Scapotrigona mexicana
790:10.1051/apido:2006052
517:Ageratum houstonianum
467:Worker queen conflict
346:
302:
250:Queen characteristics
565:traditional medicine
203:and is in the tribe
980:2003Oecol.137...42P
605:2007NW.....94..567S
593:Naturwissenschaften
398:It is thought that
364:Drone congregations
349:
308:
43:collecting pollen
1355:Insects of Mexico
1327:
1326:
1312:Open Tree of Life
1176:Taxon identifiers
1147:(10): 2107–2113.
1141:Molecular Ecology
557:Yucatan Peninsula
222:is composed of a
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851:(6): 1304–1311.
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713:Insectes Sociaux
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548:Honey production
480:Human importance
407:Mating selection
303:Distribution of
179:is a species of
165:Guérin-Méneville
160:
140:S. mexicana
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1104:(Dalla Torre)"
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1067:(2): 407–414.
1047:
1017:
958:
925:
906:(4): 377–391.
880:
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760:
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694:
634:
599:(7): 567–573.
574:
572:
569:
549:
546:
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526:donell-smithii
520:
504:Coffea arabica
498:Pimenta dioica
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16:Species of bee
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3:
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749:. ITIS Report
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433:Kin selection
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339:Colony growth
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181:stingless bee
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149:Binomial name
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127:Scaptotrigona
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1111:
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1101:
1097:
1089:
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1050:
1038:. Retrieved
1031:
974:(1): 42–50.
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949:. Retrieved
903:
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801:. Retrieved
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751:. Retrieved
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24:
18:
1260:iNaturalist
561:S. mexicana
553:S. mexicana
524:Heliocarpus
509:S. mexicana
493:S. mexicana
488:Agriculture
473:S. mexicana
471:Given that
461:S. mexicana
457:S. mexicana
417:S. mexicana
400:S. mexicana
383:S. mexicana
370:S. mexicana
357:S. mexicana
353:S. mexicana
328:S. mexicana
312:S. mexicana
305:S. mexicana
220:S. mexicana
197:S. mexicana
106:Hymenoptera
1340:Meliponini
1334:Categories
803:10 October
778:Apidologie
571:References
413:monandrous
285:no stripes
273:scutellums
205:Meliponini
185:Meliponini
86:Arthropoda
1114:: 76–80.
1040:9 October
968:Oecologia
951:7 October
784:: 38–46.
753:9 October
719:: 22–27.
277:metasomas
244:stingless
226:, female
211:in 1845.
134:Species:
72:Kingdom:
66:Eukaryota
1199:Q5284748
1193:Wikidata
1161:44571939
1012:23374351
1004:12838404
920:25086404
875:22833802
798:38132454
733:34909767
689:24903644
629:22845518
621:17333100
534:argentea
453:eusocial
389:Behavior
287:. Their
281:abdomens
240:colonies
112:Family:
82:Phylum:
76:Animalia
62:Domain:
1317:1077650
1252:1345658
1239:2757306
996:4223727
976:Bibcode
866:3402202
680:4061457
601:Bibcode
532:Miconia
283:, with
268:alleles
262:Workers
236:haploid
228:workers
122:Genus:
102:Order:
96:Insecta
92:Class:
1304:167150
1291:596862
1278:764049
1265:308416
1213:183225
1159:
1098:Citrus
1081:997279
1079:
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627:
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289:thorax
279:, and
230:, and
201:Apidae
167:, 1845
116:Apidae
1226:79W5B
1157:S2CID
1077:S2CID
1008:S2CID
992:JSTOR
945:(PDF)
916:JSTOR
794:S2CID
729:S2CID
625:S2CID
540:Piper
451:As a
232:males
224:queen
1286:NCBI
1273:ITIS
1247:GBIF
1208:BOLD
1042:2015
1000:PMID
953:2015
871:PMID
805:2015
755:2015
685:PMID
617:PMID
501:and
368:The
310:The
1234:EoL
1221:CoL
1149:doi
1116:doi
1069:doi
1059:".
984:doi
972:137
908:doi
861:PMC
853:doi
786:doi
721:doi
711:".
675:PMC
665:doi
609:doi
543:sp.
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