30:
252:
212:
243:, the board's first chief architect. Robson was responsible for designing many of the school buildings erected by the board. The board's policy was to construct schools which would be attractive, and would serve to improve the general appearance of the districts in which they were constructed. Although school board architecture drew a considerable amount of criticism at the time, the schools were often sturdy and practical structures, and many schools constructed during this period are still in use.
232:
219:
The original intention of the board was to provide a sufficient number of school places for the poorest children in London, which were originally estimated at little more than 100,000. The policy adopted by the LSB was to provide London with modern, high-quality schools, whilst compelling parents, by
227:
The LSB was largely successful in their aims and often struggled to keep up with the demand for their services. For instance, by the end of the 1880s, the board was providing school places for more than 350,000 children. This growth was frequently attributed to the quality of school premises, which
122:
returned four members each. The divisions of
Lambeth, Tower Hamlets, Hackney and Westminster returned five members each. Finally, Finsbury and Marylebone returned six and seven members respectively. The membership increased over time: to 50 in 1876 when Lambeth was given an extra member, to 51 in
279:
and in 1904 the responsibility for education in London was transferred to the LCC. The LSB held its final meeting on 28 April 1904, with the county council taking over on 1 May. The LCC itself was abolished in 1965, with education for the former School Board area passing to the
138:
The LSB, at the time of its creation had one of the broadest mandates of any elected body in
Britain. Unusually, women were permitted to vote on the same terms as men for the school boards and also to stand for election. Three women stood in the first board election in 1870:
134:
system gave electors a number of votes equal to the number of seats in the division in which they were voting. The elector could use up as many of their votes on a single candidate as they wished, which meant that minority interests often found representation.
259:
Although the school boards had been largely successful in increasing the number of children attending school in
Britain, they were perceived as bureaucratic and expensive. As a response to this, the boards were abolished by the
91:
Between 1870 and 1904, the LSB was the single largest educational provider in London and the infrastructure and policies it developed were an important influence on London schooling long after the body was abolished.
123:
1882 when the representation of
Chelsea increased to five members and to 55 in 1885 when Lambeth was sub-divided into two smaller divisions: Lambeth East and Lambeth West with four and six members respectively.
174:
One measure of the LSB's importance can be seen in the number of notable figures who stood for election to the board. The board attracted a number of the leading figures of the day, including the scientist
106:
The entire board was elected every three years, with the first elections held in
November 1870. The LSB originally consisted of forty-nine members elected from ten divisions, based around London's
500:
306:
29:
525:
515:
545:
510:
550:
505:
540:
535:
101:
251:
520:
530:
485:
69:
200:
72:
where there were insufficient voluntary school places; they could also compel attendance. In most places, the school boards were based on
187:, who served as the LSB's first chairman. The board was also responsible for launching a number of political careers, including those of
471:
458:
188:
184:
65:
281:
220:
law, to educate their children. Although education would not be compulsory on a national level until 1880, the board passed a
111:
239:
The board was responsible for constructing over four hundred schools across London. An important figure in this process was
107:
53:
276:
81:
140:
126:
The electoral system of the LSB contained several innovations. Firstly, the board's election of 1870 was polled by
265:
77:
301:
196:
164:
156:
49:), was an institution of local government and the first directly elected body covering the whole of London.
211:
285:
272:
224:
in 1871 that compelled parents to have their children schooled between the ages of five and thirteen.
240:
148:
151:. When the second elections were held, in 1873, Garrett and Davies stood down, to be replaced by
261:
152:
481:
467:
454:
131:
73:
61:
33:
School Board for London's Plaque on White Lion Street School, Islington, now New River
College
347:
330:
231:
180:
57:
289:
192:
168:
160:
115:
17:
130:, being the first large-scale election to use this approach in Britain. Secondly, the
494:
176:
127:
144:
85:
419:
The
Ornamental School: Power and Beauty in Late Victorian School Architecture
433:
364:
119:
60:
c. 75) was the first to provide for education for the whole population of
255:
Sigdon Road School (1898), Hackney, now Brook
Community Primary School
221:
250:
230:
210:
28:
228:
were often far superior to those of private or charity schools.
464:
Educational
Documents, England and Wales 1816 to the present day
362:"London School Board Election. Candidates And Polling Places".
380:
Ladies Elect: Women in
English Local Government 1865-1914
478:
Powerful and Splendid: The London School Board 1870–1904
80:, but in London the board covered the whole area of the
393:
The Work of Three Years, December 1870 – November 1873
421:, History of Education Researcher 81 (May 2008), 25.
288:. The ILEA was abolished in 1990, with the inner
307:List of former board schools in Brighton and Hove
345:"The London School Board. Result of the Polls".
8:
431:"London School Board. The Final Meeting".
323:
321:
102:List of members of the London School Board
501:Educational organisations based in London
292:councils becoming education authorities.
328:"Election of a School Board in London".
275:had been created in 1889 to replace the
317:
526:History of local government in London
516:Defunct organisations based in London
406:Report of the School Board for London
7:
546:Organizations disestablished in 1904
215:Board Schools, Hanover Street (1879)
511:School boards in the United Kingdom
114:. Four divisions, representing the
68:, which had power to build and run
551:Former local authorities in London
506:Members of the London School Board
110:or the Districts formed under the
25:
541:Organizations established in 1870
536:1904 disestablishments in England
155:and Alice Cowell, while in 1876,
466:, J Stuart MacLure, 1965, 1979,
282:Inner London Education Authority
179:, Helen Taylor, stepdaughter of
521:History of education in England
368:. 29 November 1900. p. 12.
531:1870 establishments in England
451:Education in Britain 1750–1914
112:Metropolis Management Act 1855
1:
351:. 4 November 1885. p. 5.
235:The board in session (c 1895)
147:, who also won election, and
54:Elementary Education Act 1870
437:. 29 April 1904. p. 12.
334:. 8 October 1870. p. 2.
277:Metropolitan Board of Works
266:local education authorities
264:, which replaced them with
82:Metropolitan Board of Works
567:
99:
84:– the area today known as
404:School Board for London,
391:School Board for London,
118:, Southwark, Chelsea and
207:Work of the school board
41:, commonly known as the
408:(London: LSB, 1887), 4.
395:(London: LSB, 1873), 3.
302:Birmingham School Board
157:Florence Fenwick Miller
143:, who topped the poll,
39:School Board for London
18:School Board for London
453:, W B Stephens, 1998,
286:Greater London Council
256:
247:Abolition of the board
236:
216:
34:
480:, Robin Betts, 2015,
284:, a committee of the
273:London County Council
254:
234:
214:
64:. It created elected
32:
241:Edward Robert Robson
96:School board members
201:William Henry Smith
149:Maria Georgina Grey
43:London School Board
262:Education Act 1902
257:
237:
217:
199:cabinet minister,
171:all won election.
153:Jane Agnes Chessar
70:elementary schools
35:
486:978-0-9573371-3-8
417:Jacob Middleton,
378:Patricia Hollis,
141:Elizabeth Garrett
132:cumulative voting
74:borough districts
62:England and Wales
58:33 & 34 Vict.
16:(Redirected from
558:
439:
438:
428:
422:
415:
409:
402:
396:
389:
383:
376:
370:
369:
359:
353:
352:
348:The Morning Post
342:
336:
335:
331:The Morning Post
325:
181:John Stuart Mill
21:
566:
565:
561:
560:
559:
557:
556:
555:
491:
490:
447:
445:Further reading
442:
430:
429:
425:
416:
412:
403:
399:
390:
386:
377:
373:
361:
360:
356:
344:
343:
339:
327:
326:
319:
315:
298:
271:In London, the
249:
209:
104:
98:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
564:
562:
554:
553:
548:
543:
538:
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
493:
492:
489:
488:
475:
461:
446:
443:
441:
440:
423:
410:
397:
384:
371:
354:
337:
316:
314:
311:
310:
309:
304:
297:
294:
290:London borough
248:
245:
208:
205:
193:Benjamin Waugh
169:Alice Westlake
161:Elizabeth Surr
108:constituencies
100:Main article:
97:
94:
78:civil parishes
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
563:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
496:
487:
483:
479:
476:
473:
472:0-416-72810-3
469:
465:
462:
460:
459:0-333-60512-8
456:
452:
449:
448:
444:
436:
435:
427:
424:
420:
414:
411:
407:
401:
398:
394:
388:
385:
381:
375:
372:
367:
366:
358:
355:
350:
349:
341:
338:
333:
332:
324:
322:
318:
312:
308:
305:
303:
300:
299:
295:
293:
291:
287:
283:
278:
274:
269:
267:
263:
253:
246:
244:
242:
233:
229:
225:
223:
213:
206:
204:
202:
198:
194:
190:
186:
185:Lord Lawrence
182:
178:
177:Thomas Huxley
172:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
136:
133:
129:
128:secret ballot
124:
121:
117:
113:
109:
103:
95:
93:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
66:school boards
63:
59:
55:
50:
48:
44:
40:
31:
27:
19:
477:
463:
450:
432:
426:
418:
413:
405:
400:
392:
387:
379:
374:
363:
357:
346:
340:
329:
270:
258:
238:
226:
218:
197:Conservative
189:Charles Reed
173:
165:Helen Taylor
145:Emily Davies
137:
125:
105:
90:
86:Inner London
51:
46:
42:
38:
36:
26:
495:Categories
382:, pp.75-90
313:References
195:, and the
434:The Times
365:The Times
120:Greenwich
296:See also
474:370.942
484:
470:
457:
222:by-law
183:, and
482:ISBN
468:ISBN
455:ISBN
167:and
116:City
52:The
37:The
76:or
47:LSB
497::
320:^
268:.
203:.
191:,
163:,
159:,
88:.
56:(
45:(
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
