254:. The largest urban and suburban districts operate hundreds of schools. While practice varies significantly by state (and in some cases, within a state), most American school districts operate as independent local governmental units under a grant of authority and within geographic limits created by state law. The executive and legislative power over locally-controlled policies and operations of an independent school district are, in most cases, held by a school district's board of education. Depending on state law, members of a local board of education (often referred to informally as a
828:), are independent of any municipal or county control. Moreover, school district boundaries rarely coincide with municipal limits or county lines. Most districts use the term "Independent School District" in their name; in the few cases where the term "Common School District" is used, the district is still an independent governmental entity. An independent school district resulting from a consolidation of two or more independent school districts is called a consolidated independent school district, sometimes abbreviated as "CISD".
269:. Most school districts operate as independent local governmental units with exclusive authority over K–12 public educational operations and policies. The extent of their control is set by state-level law. Litigation against school districts is common and some law firms specialize in education law. Districts typically maintain professional liability insurance in order to pay its settlements and legal liabilities. As of 2023 in most U.S. states, public school districts may lay taxes to fund their operations. In others, such as
147:
84:
496:
861:(ISD), regional education service districts (RESD), or regional education service agencies (RESA), largely at the county level. The local school districts run the schools and most programs, but often bilingual aides, programs for the deaf and blind, special education for the severely impaired, and career and technical education programs are run by the intermediate school district or equivalent.
954:
43:
1107:" ("Assigned Laws about the school"). Each district must contain a minimum of 10,000 inhabitants. The national government attempted to link the local schools with local society and culture and local governments. The school districts were dissolved in 2003 by the "legge finanziaria" (law about the government budget) in an attempt to trim the national budget.
1937:
1204:
304:, is typically elected by direct popular vote but may be appointed by other governmental officials. The governing body might also be known as a "board of trustees," "board of education," "school committee," etc.. This body usually appoints or hires an experienced public school administrator to function as the district's
359:
districts in the first seven decades of the 20th century, Fischel argues that "outside the South, these consolidations were consented to by local voters" who "preferred districts whose boundaries conformed to their everyday interactions rather than formal units of government" and that "he South ended
346:
regions tend to adhere to city, township, and/or county boundaries. As of 1951 school districts were independent governmental units in 26 states, while in 17 states there were mixes of independent school districts and school districts subordinate to other local governments. In nine states there were
1079:
on different levels of the municipal system (municipalities proper, districts), depending on the size and specialization of a certain school or the population size of a certain municipality. As with other fields of government, for more specialized schools, special government bodies ("Zweckverband")
350:
In most
Southern states, school systems operate either as an arm of county government or at least share coextensive boundaries with the state's counties. A 2010 study by economist William A. Fischel found that "two-thirds of medium-to-large American cities have boundaries that substantially overlap
849:
school districts. City and village school districts are exempted from county boards of education, while local school districts remain under county school board supervision. School districts may combine resources to form a fourth type of school district, the joint vocational school district, which
422:
There were 130,000 school districts in the country in 1930, with an average student population of 150. From 1942 to 1951 the number of school districts declined from 108,579 to 70,452, a decrease of 38,127 or 35%. Many states had passed laws facilitating school district consolidation. In 1951 the
409:
According to a 2021 study, the demographics of voters who elect local school boards in the United States tend to be different from the demographics of the students. This difference is "most pronounced in majority nonwhite jurisdictions and school districts with the largest
355:, New Jersey, and Virginia, to hardly any in Illinois, Texas, and Florida." Older and more populous municipalities "tend to have boundaries that closely match those of a single school district." Noting that most modern school districts were formed by consolidating
818:— Per Minnesota Statute 120A.05, "Independent" denotes any school district validly created and existing as an independent, consolidated, joint independent, county, or a ten or more township district as of July 1, 1957, or under the Education Code.
450:
created it in 1971; that agency was terminated in 1975, with its schools transferred to the newly created Alaska
Unorganized Borough School District, which was broken apart into twenty-one school districts the following year.
1222:
423:
majority of the school districts in existence were rural school districts only providing elementary education, and some school districts did not operate schools but instead provided transportation to other schools. The
669:
in a district's name indicates that the district is formed from a consolidation ("centralization") of multiple districts and that the central district's operations are centralized relative to those of the previous
1309:
1507:
288:, and to issue binding rules and regulations affecting school policies and operations. The power of school districts to tax and spend is generally more limited. For example, many school districts in
1119:
788:
region. These districts are generally associated with a city, or sometimes with a cluster of adjoining cities. Unlike county districts, independent districts can cross county lines, as in the
1080:
can be established, where municipalities, and not voters, are members; these are to a certain degree comparable to a school district. Other arrangements are possible: certain types of
575:
is most commonly used for schools housing students in kindergarten through grade two or three in districts where the older elementary students are in intermediate schools (see below).
1033:
was dismantled by the beginning of the 2007 school year. More school choice has been given to French students; however, priority is given to those who meet the following criteria:
750:
2249:
478:
School districts in the US have reduced the number of their employees by 3.3%, or 270,000 between 2008 and 2012, owing to a decline in property tax revenues during and after the
1995:
506:
94:
2146:
1169:
In
Iranian cities school kids normal registrations are limited by school districts, register is online at my.medu.ir and the parent sees schools within range online.
824:— Here, "Independent" denotes that the district is separate from any county- or municipal-level entity. All of the state's school districts, with only one exception (
1780:
780:
in 2019, the state has 52 independent school districts along with 120 county districts, with the most significant concentrations of independent districts found in
2293:
1217:
1189:
236:
2239:
2044:
677:
in a district's name indicates that the district is formed to serve a community of people with common interests and associations and with a community center.
2254:
1127:
300:
have no taxing authority and must depend on another local government (county, city, or town) for funding. A district's governing body, usually called a
1428:
or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.967399 The
Congruence of American School Districts with Other Local Government Boundaries: A Google-Earth Exploration
1339:
Marcos
Antonio Mendoza, The Limits of Insurance as Governance: Professional Liability Coverage for Civil Rights Claims Against Public School Districts
351:
those of a single school district" with substantial regional and state variations in the degree of overlap, "ranging from nearly perfect congruence in
2017:
1963:
1289:
1440:
625:
and may also include grades seven and eight. Many high schools cover only grades ten to twelve; this type of school is sometimes referred to as a
243:
1882:
1313:
2201:
1115:
538:
Although these terms can vary slightly between various states and regions, these are typical definitions for school district constitution:
479:
403:
379:
are separate governmental units with the power to levy taxes and incur debt, except for the five cities with a population of over 125,000 (
376:
312:. The superintendent oversees daily operations, decisions and implements the policies of the board. The school board may also exercise a
2271:
1281:
1273:
789:
1972:
1183:
925:
825:
801:
684:
in a district's name indicates that no tuition is charged to attend district schools. In New York, it is used in conjunction with the
2300:
2223:
1123:
993:
776:
has no independent district, its school district boundaries coincide exactly with its borders. Following the most recent closure of
193:
128:
70:
1991:
1011:
1857:
2259:
2184:
2179:
2163:
2037:
971:
777:
361:
56:
1776:
1557:
1075:, which also are in control of the overall education policies. On the other hand, school buildings are mostly run and funded by
2380:
1446:(7th ed.). New York Department of State, Division of Local Government Services. March 13, 2018. p. 93. Archived from
2218:
1907:
1754:
1616:
1131:
975:
727:
439:
242:
In the U.S., most K–12 public schools function as units of local school districts. A school district usually operate several
1980:
1472:
1377:
2264:
2213:
2208:
1984:
1806:
1242:
2108:
1285:
1155:
1111:
858:
773:
292:
state require a majority of voters living in the district or the local government to approval their annual budget, but
159:
2375:
2196:
2030:
758:
610:
is also used for schools that cover grades three through five (or so) when they are separated from elementary schools.
455:
1960:"Characteristics of the 100 Largest Public Elementary and Secondary School Districts in the United States: 2000-2001"
110:
2158:
1629:
785:
305:
1938:"اطلاعاتی برای ثبتنام دانشآموزان در کلاس اول دبستاناطلاعاتی برای ثبتنام دانشآموزان در کلاس اول دبستان - تسنیم"
964:
2406:
2401:
2283:
2191:
2131:
1076:
1023:
804:. Some districts in the state are independent despite not having "Independent" in their official name, as in the
769:
1793:
1643:
1130:, with city or county councilors forming the bulk of the ETB board. The ETBs was formed in 2005 by amalgamating
2115:
2098:
1301:
1247:
805:
443:
424:
331:
211:
772:§ 160.020, an "Independent" district is defined as one whose jurisdiction does not cover an entire county. If
162:, as it should read as a coherent whole and not include a mishmash of contradictory statements and me-too-ism.
1612:
446:(BIA) schools. The state schools were transferred to the Alaska State-Operated School System (SOS) after the
276:
Independent school districts often exercise authority over a school system that is separate but similar to a
2276:
1720:
1237:
723:
643:
2321:
2244:
1999:
1227:
1085:
809:
411:
281:
2331:
2305:
482:. By 2016 there were about 13,000 school districts, and the average student population was about 5,000.
365:
335:
1447:
1715:
2326:
2053:
1688:
1093:
1048:
936:
885:
797:
745:
in a district's name indicates that it includes territory from more than one county. By extension, a
518:
168:
106:
62:
1701:
1725:
1178:
793:
651:
431:
384:
343:
2357:
2336:
2153:
2141:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1535:
1405:
1401:
1381:
1044:
917:
864:
County-wide school districts are most commonly found in Mid-Atlantic and
Southern states such as
447:
388:
1836:
1656:
1630:"Table 9. Public School Systems by Type of Organization and State: 2022 [CG2200ORG09]"
1527:
1340:
1089:
1081:
1072:
1007:
781:
688:
to indicate a district composed of multiple, formerly independent common school districts now
647:
380:
266:
1959:
2078:
1519:
1277:
1163:
1147:
372:
289:
251:
219:
438:
were not served by school districts but instead served by schools directly operated by the
2068:
1232:
1126:
inspects and funds them and pays teachers' salaries.) Each ETB area comprises one or more
356:
309:
293:
1096:, mostly funded by the States, but run by private entities like churches or foundations.
1122:. (Most schools are neither organized geographically nor publicly managed, although the
146:
2088:
1861:
1562:
1305:
1253:
1209:
1151:
1030:
1019:
1015:
881:
877:
719:
313:
285:
215:
31:
1356:
939:
wherein smaller districts were consolidated into RSUs in 2008 when state laws changed.
638:
These terms may not appear in a district's name, even though the condition may apply.
2395:
2136:
1582:"State and Local Government Special Studies: Governments in the United States 1951."
1539:
1396:"State and Local Government Special Studies: Governments in the United States 1951."
916:. Nevada and Utah also have mostly county-wide school districts, and Alaska has many
869:
655:
622:
583:
396:
247:
1858:"L 289/2002: Text of the law n° 289 del 27 dicembre 2002 ("legge finanziaria 2003")"
1362:(Report). Office of Legislative Research, Connecticut General Assembly. 2023-R-0094.
2362:
2352:
2083:
1716:"Kentucky will have one less school district with this decision to close and merge"
1599:
1409:
587:
556:
301:
1915:
1746:
1671:"People ex rel. Vick v. Kirkham, 301 Ill. 45 (1921) | Caselaw Access Project"
1373:
734:
indicates that the district was consolidated through the consent of voters, while
1976:
2103:
1293:
953:
901:
659:
618:
591:
568:
564:
560:
352:
339:
2012:
1814:
17:
2073:
2022:
1837:"Text of the DPR n° 416 del 31 maggio 1974 ("Assigned Laws about the school")"
1613:
Historical Status of
Elementary Schools in Rural Alaskan Communities 1867–1980
1523:
1489:
1199:
324:
259:
1531:
703:
in a district's name indicates that it was formed from two or more districts.
1143:
909:
905:
815:
913:
897:
873:
865:
854:
765:
707:
458:
enumerated the following numbers of school systems in the United States:
317:
297:
1998:). Legislative Analyst's Office (LAO) (Fiscal and policy advisor of the
1223:
List of the largest school districts in the United States by enrollment
1159:
1068:
978: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
893:
889:
730:", etc.) Both are used to represent consolidated school districts, but
571:. In some school districts, these grades are divided into two schools.
392:
321:
406:
functions as a single statewide school district, unique among states.
1883:"POA2020 Choice of Schools List by School Net for Central Allocation"
921:
738:
indicates that the district was consolidated by the state government.
435:
1992:
How Small Is Too Small? An
Analysis of School District Consolidation
1670:
1427:
692:
of restrictions placed on New York State's common school districts.
368:
on district operations and required larger land-area districts."
1100:
1054:
students who require specialized medical attention from a hospital
932:
821:
399:), where the schools are operated directly by the municipalities.
273:, some school districts are able to lay taxes and others are not.
270:
1310:
Commonwealth of the
Northern Mariana Islands Public School System
2093:
1297:
834:
277:
258:) may be elected, appointed by a political office holder, serve
2026:
1506:
Kogan, Vladimir; Lavertu, Stéphane; Peskowitz, Zachary (2021).
1057:
students who want to study a course offered only by the school
947:
606:
often refers to schools that cover grades seven through nine.
489:
338:
tend to cross municipal boundaries, while school districts in
140:
77:
36:
1341:
https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3669869
1134:
established in 1930, also based on local government areas.
1014:
were established in 1870, and abolished in 1902, with the
1751:
Minnesota
Legislature - Office of the Revisor of Statutes
347:
only school districts subordinate to local governments.
1071:, schools and teachers are predominately funded by the
514:
284:
powers. These include the power to enter contacts, use
164:
102:
1508:"The Democratic Deficit in U.S. Education Governance"
1392:
1390:
762:
can have different meanings, depending on the state.
265:
An independent school district is a legally separate
1103:, school districts were established in 1974 by the "
924:
operates its schools at the state level through its
2345:
2314:
2232:
2172:
2124:
2061:
1551:
1549:
1040:students on scholarships or special academic merit
1154:into 36 districts, known as school nets, for its
1060:students who have siblings that attend the school
1473:Report Faults Hawaii's Statewide School District
1781:Burnet Consolidated Independent School District
1714:Honeycutt Spears, Valarie (February 12, 2019).
850:focuses on a technical skills-based curriculum.
1796:", Ohio State University. Accessed 2008-01-05.
1218:Lists of school districts in the United States
1190:Lists of school districts in the United States
1158:. Of the 36 districts, districts 34 and 41 in
427:had a large number of rural school districts.
360:up with county-based school districts because
237:Lists of school districts in the United States
27:Special districts for the operation of schools
2038:
1642:USA Today published March 13, 2012, page A1,"
91:The examples and perspective in this article
8:
1910:[Four famous school network scope].
1558:"Consolidation Push Roils Vermont Landscape"
837:, school districts are classified as either
753:, includes territory in more than one state.
509:on school districts in states across the U.S
1615:." Alaska Native Knowledge Network (ANKN),
1496:, Vol. 70, No. 7 (March 1989), pp. 546-549.
71:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2045:
2031:
2023:
1422:
1420:
1418:
994:Learn how and when to remove this message
194:Learn how and when to remove this message
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
1964:National Center for Education Statistics
594:. In some places, the alternative terms
1490:Hawaii's School System Is One of a Kind
1329:
1288:operate all public schools (other than
1265:
454:In the 2022 Census of Governments, the
1983:). The Center for Rural Pennsylvania,
1977:A Comparison of Rural School Districts
1335:
1333:
1314:American Samoa Department of Education
468:227 municipal-dependent school systems
222:schools or both in various countries.
1166:are considered the most prestigious.
1063:students who live close to the school
474:479 township-dependent school systems
7:
1350:
1348:
1308:each have one public school system,
1276:operates district public schools in
976:adding citations to reliable sources
404:Hawaii State Department of Education
262:, or a combination of any of these.
1860:(in Italian). 2003 . Archived from
1747:"120A.05 – 2014 Minnesota Statutes"
1357:Board of Education Taxing Authority
1282:Puerto Rico Department of Education
1274:District of Columbia Public Schools
1105:Provvedimenti Delegati sulla scuola
790:Caverna Independent School District
465:571 county-dependent school systems
235:For a more comprehensive list, see
1973:Indiana University of Pennsylvania
1556:Burnette, Daarel II (2016-02-17).
1184:List of school districts in Canada
826:Stafford Municipal School District
802:Corbin Independent School District
718:followed by a number, commonly in
462:12,546 school district governments
25:
1968:- Links to rankings from 1 to 500
1757:from the original on Apr 18, 2015
1512:American Political Science Review
1300:, respectively. Furthermore, the
471:36 state-dependent school systems
158:to comply with Knowledge (XXG)'s
52:This article has multiple issues.
2164:Oklahoma Tribal Statistical Area
1202:
952:
710:, most district names include a
617:usually includes grades nine or
494:
145:
82:
41:
2381:Office of Management and Budget
1644:Property taxes start to decline
1132:Vocational Education Committees
1116:a minority of secondary schools
1110:In the Republic of Ireland, 16
963:needs additional citations for
751:Union County–College Corner JSD
582:usually includes grades six or
60:or discuss these issues on the
2219:New England city and town area
1914:. 15 July 2013. Archived from
1794:D. Special-Purpose Governments
1619:. Retrieved on March 13, 2017.
1617:University of Alaska Fairbanks
1590:. G-SS-No. 29, March 1952. p.
1404:. G-SS-No. 29, March 1952. p.
728:Mehlville R-IX School District
440:Alaska Department of Education
1:
2214:Micropolitan statistical area
2209:Metropolitan statistical area
1985:Pennsylvania General Assembly
1384:. Retrieved on June 20, 2015.
1243:School district drug policies
1118:, a few primary schools, and
1112:Education and Training Boards
1029:In France, the system of the
859:intermediate school districts
2109:United States Virgin Islands
2018:U.S. School Districts Online
1942:خبرگزاری تسنیم | Tasnim
1355:Pinho, Rute (9 March 2023).
1286:Guam Department of Education
1156:Primary One Admission System
517:or discuss the issue on the
267:body corporate and political
2197:Core-based statistical area
1441:"Local Government Handbook"
1290:ones in the military system
1162:and districts 11 and 12 in
1047:" criteria (essentially to
1024:local education authorities
456:United States Census Bureau
214:that operates local public
105:, discuss the issue on the
2423:
2301:State legislative district
2159:Off-reservation trust land
2013:2002 Census of Governments
1912:Hong Kong Economic Journal
1807:"Education: School Boards"
1700:Kentucky Revised Statutes
1687:Kentucky Revised Statutes
1233:School division (Virginia)
1037:students with disabilities
234:
29:
2371:
2284:Public use microdata area
2192:Combined statistical area
2132:Alaska Native corporation
1524:10.1017/S0003055421000162
770:Kentucky Revised Statutes
749:school district, such as
306:superintendent of schools
2180:Primary statistical area
2116:ZIP Code Tabulation Area
2099:Northern Mariana Islands
1302:Northern Mariana Islands
1248:School Improvement Grant
920:-wide school districts.
806:Owensboro Public Schools
444:Bureau of Indian Affairs
430:Previously areas of the
330:School districts in the
212:special-purpose district
171:may contain suggestions.
156:may need to be rewritten
30:Not to be confused with
1721:Lexington Herald-Leader
1430:, SSRN (April 1, 2010).
1238:Unified school district
1186:- organized by province
1124:Department of Education
926:department of education
778:an independent district
724:Fox C-6 School District
644:unified school district
412:racial achievement gaps
2322:Census county division
2240:Congressional district
2000:California Legislature
1584:Property Taxation 1941
1398:Property Taxation 1941
1228:State education agency
1120:much further education
1086:North Rhine-Westphalia
1051:the school population)
1022:councils becoming the
810:Paducah Public Schools
714:or, more commonly, an
2332:Traffic analysis zone
1811:Powys County Archives
1426:Fischel, William A.,
1128:local authority areas
1077:municipal governments
937:regional school units
845:school districts, or
662:) educational levels.
366:diseconomies of scale
2327:Minor civil division
2054:United States census
1494:The Phi Delta Kappan
1479:(December 10, 2003).
972:improve this article
515:improve this article
316:function in serious
111:create a new article
103:improve this article
93:may not represent a
1839:(in Italian). 1994
1611:Barnhardt, Carol. "
1602:RA3-PA55 and PA56).
1179:London School Board
1092:. There also exist
1090:Landschaftsverbände
1043:students who meet "
608:Intermediate school
600:intermediate school
432:Unorganized Borough
2255:Alaska census area
2154:Hawaiian home land
2142:Indian reservation
1657:"District History"
1588:U.S. Census Bureau
1402:U.S. Census Bureau
1382:U.S. Census Bureau
1114:(ETBs) administer
841:school districts,
627:senior high school
604:Junior high school
596:junior high school
448:Alaska Legislature
2389:
2388:
2306:Urban growth area
2277:Census-designated
1987:. September 2006.
1073:states of Germany
1008:England and Wales
1004:
1003:
996:
786:Eastern Coalfield
782:Northern Kentucky
555:usually includes
536:
535:
507:balanced coverage
204:
203:
196:
186:
185:
160:quality standards
139:
138:
131:
113:, as appropriate.
75:
16:(Redirected from
2414:
2407:Local government
2402:School districts
2260:Independent city
2079:Federal District
2047:
2040:
2033:
2024:
1967:
1946:
1945:
1934:
1928:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1918:on July 18, 2013
1904:
1898:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1887:Education Bureau
1879:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1869:
1854:
1848:
1847:
1845:
1844:
1833:
1827:
1826:
1824:
1822:
1813:. Archived from
1803:
1797:
1790:
1784:
1773:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1743:
1737:
1736:
1734:
1732:
1711:
1705:
1698:
1692:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1667:
1661:
1660:
1653:
1647:
1640:
1634:
1633:
1626:
1620:
1609:
1603:
1580:
1574:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1553:
1544:
1543:
1518:(3): 1082–1089.
1503:
1497:
1486:
1480:
1471:Linda Jacobson,
1469:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1452:
1445:
1437:
1431:
1424:
1413:
1394:
1385:
1374:School Districts
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1337:
1317:
1280:. Additionally,
1278:Washington, D.C.
1270:
1212:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1164:Hong Kong Island
1148:Education Bureau
999:
992:
988:
985:
979:
956:
948:
843:exempted village
602:are still used.
531:
528:
522:
505:may not provide
498:
497:
490:
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2007:External links
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97:of the subject
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2019:
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2011:
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1971:Yan, Wenfan (
1970:
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580:middle school
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527:December 2010
520:
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39:
38:
33:
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2315:County-level
2288:
2173:Metropolitan
2125:Native areas
2084:Insular area
1941:
1932:
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1916:the original
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1902:
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1886:
1877:
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1862:the original
1852:
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1831:
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1810:
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1759:. Retrieved
1750:
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1719:
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1488:Jan Zulich,
1484:
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1435:
1410:Google Books
1397:
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1268:
1168:
1141:
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984:January 2024
981:
970:Please help
965:verification
962:
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857:, there are
846:
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757:
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557:kindergarten
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256:school board
255:
252:high schools
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165:You can help
155:
125:
116:
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51:
2358:Block group
2233:State-level
2104:Puerto Rico
1731:October 26,
1294:Puerto Rico
902:Mississippi
759:independent
747:joint state
660:high school
615:high school
559:and grades
486:Terminology
362:segregation
353:New England
340:New England
119:August 2010
2396:Categories
2224:Urban area
1922:29 January
1892:29 January
1868:2016-03-30
1843:2016-03-30
1569:2020-04-12
1457:August 31,
1412:RA3-PA56).
1324:References
798:Horse Cave
670:districts.
648:elementary
549:elementary
325:discipline
260:ex officio
244:elementary
57:improve it
2265:Municipio
1908:"四大名校網範圍"
1702:§ 160.010
1689:§ 160.020
1540:214493859
1532:0003-0554
1144:Hong Kong
1049:diversify
910:Tennessee
906:Louisiana
816:Minnesota
794:Cave City
756:The word
741:The word
695:The word
680:The word
675:community
673:The word
665:The word
652:secondary
646:includes
634:Districts
519:talk page
385:Rochester
327:matters.
220:secondary
169:talk page
107:talk page
63:talk page
2069:Division
1779:", from
1777:About Us
1755:Archived
1196:See also
1173:Examples
1150:divides
914:Kentucky
898:Arkansas
874:Virginia
866:Maryland
855:Michigan
800:and the
784:and the
774:a county
768:— Under
766:Kentucky
708:Missouri
621:through
586:through
563:through
389:Syracuse
373:New York
364:imposed
342:and the
318:employee
298:Virginia
290:New York
282:county's
177:May 2017
101:You may
2062:Regions
1996:Archive
1981:Archive
1821:27 July
1761:27 July
1378:Archive
1252:School
1160:Kowloon
1069:Germany
918:borough
894:Alabama
890:Florida
886:Georgia
722:(i.e. "
667:central
542:Schools
513:Please
442:and by
425:Midwest
418:History
393:Yonkers
381:Buffalo
375:, most
332:Midwest
322:student
216:primary
2245:County
2056:topics
1538:
1530:
1146:, the
944:Europe
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912:, and
623:twelve
436:Alaska
395:, and
278:town's
250:, and
248:middle
167:. The
2363:Tract
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2346:Local
2294:lists
2272:Place
2074:State
1536:S2CID
1451:(PDF)
1444:(PDF)
1360:(PDF)
1292:) in
1260:Notes
1101:Italy
933:Maine
847:local
822:Texas
743:joint
697:union
686:union
588:eight
584:seven
280:or a
271:Maine
210:is a
109:, or
2250:list
2202:list
2185:list
2147:list
2094:Guam
1975:). "
1924:2020
1894:2020
1823:2015
1763:2015
1733:2019
1528:ISSN
1459:2018
1312:and
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1296:and
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