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is diagnosed as having a mental illness and who used high capacity magazines. One group read an article that presented only the facts of the case. A different group read an article about the same shooting, but in it the author advocated for gun restrictions for people with mental illness. Another group read about the shooting in an article that suggested the proposal to ban large-capacity magazines, which acted to advocate that shootings could stem from a societal problem rather than an individual problem. The control group did not read anything. Participants were then all asked to fill in a questionnaire asking about their views on gun control and whether they thought there should be restrictions on high-capacity magazines. 71% of the control group thought that gun restrictions should be applied to people with mental illness, and nearly 80% of participants who read the articles agreed. Despite the fact that the article exposed the readers to both the mental illness of the shooter, and the fact that the shooter used high-capacity magazines, participants advocated more for gun restrictions on people with mental illness rather than bans on high-capacity magazines. This suggests that people believe mental illness is the culprit for school shootings in lieu of the accessibility of guns or other environmental factors. The authors expressed concern that proposals to target gun control laws at people with mental illness do not take into account the complex nature of the relationship between serious mental illness and violence, much of which is due to additional factors such as substance abuse. However, the link is unclear since research has shown that violence in mentally ill people occurs more in interpersonal environments.
1052:"Bullying is common in schools and seemed to play a role in the lives of many of the school shooters". A typical bullying interaction consists of three parts, the offender/bully, a victim, and one or more bystanders. This formula of three enables the bully to easily create public humiliation for their victim. Students who are bullied tend to develop behavioral problems, depression, less self-control and poorer social skills, and to do worse in school. Once humiliated, victims never want to be a victim again and try to regain their image by joining groups. Often, they are rejected by their peers and follow through by restoring justice in what they see as an unjust situation. Their plan for restoration many times results in violence as shown by the school shooters. 75% of school shooters had been bullied or left behind evidence of having been
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1026:"Parents do not supervise, limit or monitor the student's television watching or his use of the Internet. The student may have a TV in his own room or is otherwise free without any limits to spend as much time as he likes watching violent or otherwise inappropriate shows. The student spends a great deal of time watching television rather than in activities with family or friends. Similarly, parents do not monitor computer use or Internet access. The student may know much more about computers than the parents do, and the computer may be considered off limits to the parents while the student is secretive about his computer use, which may involve violent games or Internet research on violence, weapons, or other disturbing subjects."
1003:, covering decades of US school shootings, reveals that 68% of shooters obtained weapons from their home or the home of a relative. Since 1999, out of 145 US school shootings committed by children/adolescents, 80% of the guns used were taken from their homes or relative's home. The availability of firearms has direct effect on the probability of initiating a school shooting. This has led many to question whether parents should be held criminally negligent for their children's gun-related crimes. By 2018, a total of four parents were convicted of failing to lock up the guns that were used to shoot up US schools by their children. Such incidents may also lead to nationwide discussion on gun laws.
2520:
1020:"The parents set few or no limits on the child's conduct, and regularly give in to his demands. The student insists on an inordinate degree of privacy, and parents have little information about his activities, school life, friends, or other relationships. The parents seem intimidated by their child. They may fear he will attack them physically if they confront or frustrate him, or they may be unwilling to face an emotional outburst, or they may be afraid that upsetting the child will spark an emotional crisis. Traditional family roles are reversed: for example, the child acts as if he were the authority figure, while parents act as if they were the children."
821:(FBI), they released a profile that described shooters as middle-class, lonely/alienated, awkward, Caucasian males who had access to guns. The most recent report cautioned against the assumption that a perpetrator can be identified by a certain 'type' or profile. The results from the study indicated that perpetrators came from differing backgrounds, making a singular profile difficult when identifying a possible assailant. For example, some perpetrators were children of divorce, lived in foster homes, or came from intact nuclear families. The majority of individuals had rarely or never gotten into trouble at school and had a healthy social life. Some, such as
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Therefore, most of the literature does not come from peer-reviewed sources but rather published news reports. In addition, most of these reports are not objective and clearly appear to support a specific side of the debate." So far, data has been inconclusive as to whether or not arming teachers would have any sort of benefit for schools. For years, some areas in the US have allowed "armed classrooms" to deter (or truncate) future attacks by changing helpless victims into armed defenders. Advocates of arming teachers claim that it will reduce fatalities in school shootings, but many others disagree.
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disproportionately high for high-performing scientists (26%) and US presidents (34%). Harvard's Baker
Foundation Professor Emerita Dr. Teresa M. Amabile states, "Those kinds of events can crush a child, they can lead to a lot of problems; they can lead to substance abuse, they can lead to various forms of emotional illness. They can also lead to incredible resilience and almost superhuman behaviors, seemingly, if people can come through those experiences intact. I don't know if weâwe being the field in generalâhave discovered what the keys are, what makes the difference for kids."
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weapon, and then use it against the teacher or other students." Some members of the armed forces have also had concerns with armed classrooms. Police forces in Texas brought up the potential for teachers to leave a gun where a student could retrieve and use it. "They are further concerned that if every teacher had a gun, there would be an unnecessarily large number of guns in schools (even including elementary schools). This large number of guns could lead to accidental shootings, especially those involving younger children who do not understand what guns do."
1920:", which is the phenomenon in which simply being in the presence of a weapon can increase feelings of aggression. "In Berkowitz & LaPage's (1967) examination of this effect, students who were in the presence of a gun reported higher levels of aggressive feelings towards other students and gave more violent evaluations of other students' performance on a simple task in the form of electric shocks. This finding points to possible negative outcomes for students exposed to guns in the classroom (Simons & Turner, 1974; Turner & Simons, 1976)."
1342:, there were 31 school shootings in the United States and 14 in the rest of the world combined. Between 2000 and 2010, counting incidents from 37 countries in which someone was injured or killed on school grounds, with two or more victims, and not counting "single homicides, off-campus homicides, killings caused by government actions, militaries, terrorists or militants", the number of such incidents in the United States was one less than in the other 36 countries combined; in the vast majority of the United States incidents, perpetrators used guns.
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to be misguided or erroneous. Ferguson (2009) has argued that a third variable of gender explains the illusory correlation between video game use and the type of people who conduct school shootings. Ferguson explains that the majority of school shooters are young males, who are considerably more aggressive than the rest of the population. A majority of gamers are also young males. Thus, it appears likely that the view that school shooters are often people who play violent video games is more simply explained by the third variable of gender.
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questions concerning the reliance on SWAT teams when most attacks are over before police arrive, profiling of students who show warning signs in the absence of a definitive profile, expulsion of students for minor infractions when expulsion is the spark that push some to return to school with a gun, buying software not based on school shooting studies to evaluate threats although killers rarely make direct threats, and reliance on metal detectors and police officers in schools when shooters often make no effort to conceal their weapons.
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A. Fowler, PhD, at the
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. An average 1,297 children die (two children per 100,000) and 5,790 are treated for injuries caused by guns each year, the study reported. Six percent of these deaths were accidental, 38% were suicides, 53% were homicides and the remaining 3% were from legal intervention or undetermined reasons. Guns injured children at a rate of 8 per 100,000 children, but this rate is likely considerably higher because of unreported injuries.
963:(SAMHSA) revealed that substance abuse amongst children raised by single mothers was higher than children raised by both of their biological parents. However, the percentage of substance abuse amongst children raised by single mothers was not only remarkably low (5.4%), but also only 1.2% higher than children raised by both their parents. Those rates are revealed to be even smaller when compared to other demographics of the same time period. According to surveys commissioned by the
1036:, Clinical Psychiatrist, wrote that for a baby to develop into a troubled adolescent who then turns lethally violent, a convergence of multiple interacting factors must occur, that is "every bit as complicated...as it is for a tornado to form on a beautiful spring day in Kansas". Thus, reinforcing the issue that school shooters do not necessarily come from "bad" parents. No more than they could come from attentive, educated, negligent, single, married, abusive, or loving parents.
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people without illness committing those same acts. Other scholars have concluded that mass murderers display a common constellation of chronic mental health symptoms, chronic anger or antisocial traits, and a tendency to blame others for problems. However, they note that attempting to "profile" school shooters with such a constellation of traits will likely result in many false positives as many individuals with such a profile do not engage in violent behaviors.
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from directly providing a firearm to a minor. There is also a wide range of laws that fall in between the two extremes. One example is a law that enforces criminal liability for carelessly stored firearms, but only where the minor uses the firearm and causes death or serious injury. An example of a weaker law is a law that enforces liability only in the event of reckless, knowing or deliberate behavior by the adult.
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denying their universities' proposals to ban guns on campus, ruling that the UC Board of
Regents and the Oregon University System did not have the authority to ban weapons on campus. A selective ban was then re-instated, wherein Oregon state universities enacted a ban on guns in school building and sporting events or by anyone contracted with the university in question. A commentary in the conservative
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the consequences of their behavior and thus may have a history of adverse encounters with law enforcement." A criticism in the media of past shooters was questioning how so much planning could commence without alerting the parents or guardians to their efforts. However, this has proven to be as difficult of a question to answer as anticipating any of the past school shootings.
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time by police was 3 minutes. In most instances that exceeds the time the shooter is engaged in killing. While immediate action may be extremely dangerous, it may save lives which would be lost if people involved in the situation remain passive, or a police response is delayed until overwhelming force can be deployed. It is recommended by the
1644:, published a review of deaths related to schools occurring as a result of violence, including explicitly "unintentional firearm-related death", for the academic years 1992â1993 and 1993â1994. A second study (Anderson; Kaufman; Simon 2001), a continuation from the 1996 study, was published December 5, and covered the period 1994â1999.
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actions, as students who commit mass shootings in larger schools are likely to have transitioned from smaller schools. This adds important nuance to the idea that larger schools are more prone to mass violence by showing that the stress associated with losing the personal support given in a smaller community is a weight on students.
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on the onset of PTSD and continued depression. In the cities that are home to these kind of events, the town can experience continued paranoia and an exaggerated sense of fear. Lowe & Galea continue to say that continued research is necessary to pinpoint the exact mental symptoms that occur in the victims of school shootings.
1448:. In terms of the year-to-date number of individual deadly school shootings incidents in the United States, early 2018 was much higher than 2017, with 16 in 2018 and four in 2017, through May; the year-to-day through May number of incidents was the highest since 1999. As of May 2018, thirteen school shootings took place on
1869:, which brought national attention to the need for colleges and universities to take concerning behavior and threats seriously. It has led to the creation of hundreds of behavioral intervention teams which help access and co-ordinate institutional responses to behavioral concerns on college and university campuses.
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wanted people to know who I was." Towers, et al. (2015), found a small, but significant temporary increase in the probability of a second school shooting within 2 weeks after a known school shooting, which was only slightly smaller than the probability of repeats after mass killings involving firearms.
1959:, which almost all do. Statistics on what percentage of teachers are actually armed are unavailable and in Israel, for example, the intent is to counter politically motivated terrorist attacks on high value, soft targets, not personal defense against, or protection from, unbalanced individual students.
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After experiencing the threat of a school shooting, as well as the changes in the school via countermeasures, students continue to experience the trauma. In several peerâreviewed articles on mental health consequences of school shootings by Lowe & Galea, it is shown that mass shootings can bring
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team, in conjunction with the appropriate policies, tools, and training". An earlier report published in 2018 concluded there was no single profile of a student attacker, and emphasized the importance of the threat assessment process instead. The threat assessment process described includes gathering
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The
National Rifle Association has explicitly called for placing armed guards in all American schools. However, Steven Strauss, a faculty member at the Harvard Kennedy School of Government, offered a preliminary calculation that placing armed guards in every American school might cost as much as $ 15
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School shootings and other mass killings have had a major political impact. Governments have discussed gun-control laws, to increase time for background checks. Also, bulletproof school supplies have been created, including backpacks, desks, bullet-resistant door panels, and classroom whiteboards (or
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wrote that he wanted the "death count to be as high as possible so that the shooting would be infamous". O'Connor was arrested before he was able to carry out his plan. Infamy and notoriety, "a desire to be remembered" has been reported as the leading reason for planned shootings by most perpetrators
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This last passage includes the notion that violent video games leads to school shootings. The FBI offer three cautions with their guide, 1) No trait or characteristic should be considered in isolation or given more weight than the others, 2) One bad day may not reflect a student's real personality or
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Because of the increase in guns in the United States, many schools and local communities are taking it into their own hands by providing young students with early gun safety courses to make them aware of the dangers these objects actually are, also to prevent school shootings. According to
Katherine
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70% of the perpetrators of school shootings were under the age of 18, with the median age of 16. More than 85% of the perpetrators of school shootings obtained their firearms from their own homes or from friends or relatives. Targeted school shootings, those occurring for example in the context of a
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It has long been debated whether there exists a correlation between school shooting perpetrators and the type of media they consume. A popular profile for school shooters is someone who has been exposed to or enjoys playing violent video games. However, this profile is considered by many researchers
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It is also mentionable that school size can play a role on the presence of shooter mental health concerns. In a presented study from researchers Baird, Roellke & Zeifman from the Social
Science Journal, it is presented that school size and level of attention given to students can precede violent
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McGinty and colleagues conducted a study to find out if people tended to associate the violence of school shootings with mental illness, at the expense of other factors such as the availability of high-capacity magazines. Nearly 2,000 participants read a news piece on a shooting in which the shooter
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More people have been murdered in schools so far this year than have been killed while serving in the U.S. military, according to depressing statistics...The number of individual school shootings is also much higher this year, with 16 deadly incidents across the country so far. Last year, there had
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Most states have Child Access
Prevention Lawsâlaws designed to prevent children from accessing firearms. Each state varies in the degree of the severity of these laws. The toughest laws enforce criminal liability when a minor achieves access to a carelessly stored firearm. The weakest forbid people
1836:, the vice principal retrieved a firearm from his vehicle and then eventually stopped the attacker as he was driving away from the school. In other cases, such as shootings at Columbine and Red Lake High Schools, the presence of an armed police officer did little to nothing to prevent the killings.
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inside the Rose-Mar
College of Beauty in Mesa, Arizona. "I wanted to get known, just wanted to get myself a name," explained Smith. He had hoped to kill nearly ten times as many people but had arrived at the beauty college campus too early. Upon his arrest, he was without remorse, saying simply, "I
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According to studies, factors behind school shooting include easy access to firearms, family dysfunction, lack of family supervision, and mental illness among many other psychological issues. Among the topmost motives of attackers were: bullying/persecution/threatened (75%) and revenge (61%), while
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that civilians involved in the incident take active steps to evacuate, hide, or counter the shooter and that individual law enforcement officers present or first arriving at the scene attempt immediately to engage the shooter. In many instances, immediate action by civilians or law enforcement has
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Analysis of the
Columbine school shooting and other incidents where first responders waited for backup has resulted in changed recommendations regarding what bystanders and first responders should do. An analysis of 84 mass shooting cases in the US from 2000 to 2010 found that the average response
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There were 11 firearm-related events that occurred at a school or campus in the first 23 days of 2018. As of May 2018, more people, including students and teachers, were killed in 2018 in schools in the United States than were killed in military service for the United States, including both combat
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A U.S. Education
Department report, released earlier in the year, for the 2015â2016 school year said "nearly 240 schools ... reported at least 1 incident involving a school-related shooting". NPR independently evaluated this claim and only confirmed 11 of the 240 cited incidents. Addressing school
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concluded that 22% of mass murders are committed by people who suffer from a serious mental illness, and 78% do not. This study also concluded that many people with mental illnesses do not engage in violence against others and that most violent behavior is due to factors other than mental illness.
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and mental illness, the existence of violence as an outlet for the mentally ill is quite prominent in some instances (Swanson et al., 2015). The article lists from a study that 12% of people with serious mental illness had committed minor or serious violence within the last year, compared to 2% of
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outlined an accumulation of seven, recurring themes that warrant consideration regarding school shooters. One factor is that school shooters tended to isolate themselves, and "exhibited an obsessive quality that often led to detailed planning, but ironically they seemed to lack an understanding of
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Understanding that socio-economic factors have greater effects on child development and emotional stability have led many to argue that single-parent and other non-traditional households should be afforded equivalent incentives by the state, as are afforded married households, and that focusing on
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One assumption into the catalytic causes of school shootings comes from the "non-traditional" household perspective, which focuses on how family structure and family stability are related to child outcomes. Broadly speaking, proponents of this hypothesis claim that family structures such as single
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School shootings are a modern phenomenon. There were scattered instances of gunmen or bombers attacking schools in the years before Barry Loukaitis, but they were lower profile. School shootings mostly involve young white men. And, not surprisingly, given the ready availability of firearms in the
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was passed in 1994 in response to gun related violence in schools, so many school systems started adopting the Zero-Tolerance Law. The Gun-Free Schools Act required people to be expelled from the school for a year. By 1997, the Zero-Tolerance for any type of weapon was implemented by more than 90
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laws. In the United States, the National Rifle Association is opposed to such laws, and some groups have called for fewer gun control laws, citing cases of armed students ending shootings and halting further loss of life, and claiming that the prohibitions against carrying a gun in schools do not
1147:
The idea of profiling school shooters by the video games they play comes from the belief that playing violent video games increases a person's aggression level, which in turn, can cause people to perpetrate extreme acts of violence, such as a school shooting. There is little to no data supporting
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found evidence that a majority of school shooters displayed evidence of mental health symptoms, often undiagnosed or untreated. Criminologists Fox and DeLateur note that mental illness is only part of the issue, however, and mass shooters tend to externalize their problems, blaming others and are
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decision in 2006. In addition to Utah, Wisconsin and Mississippi each have legislation that allow students, faculty and employees with the proper permit, to carry concealed weapons on their public university's campuses. Colorado and Oregon state courts have ruled in favor of Campus Carry laws by
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There has been considerable policy discussion about how to help prevent school and other types of mass shootings. One suggestion that has come up is the idea to allow firearms in the classroom. "Since the issue of arming teachers is a relatively new topic, it has received little empirical study.
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study concluded that schools were placing false hope in physical security, when they should be paying more attention to the pre-attack behaviors of students. Zero-tolerance policies and metal detectors "are unlikely to be helpful," the Secret Service researchers found. The researchers focused on
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At least 68 schools that experienced a school shooting employed a police officer or security guard; in all but a few, the shooting ended before any intercession. Security guards or resource officers were present during four of the five school shooting incidents with the highest number of dead or
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behavior, which can be correlated with the level of media exposure. In these copycat shootings, oftentimes the perpetrators see a past school shooter as an idol, so they want to carry out an even more destructive, murderous shooting in hopes of gaining recognition or respect. Some mass murderers
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Many teachers have had their concerns with the idea of armed classrooms. "One teacher stated that although she is pro-gun, she does not feel as though she could maintain gun safety on school grounds (Reuters, 2012). Teachers expressed the fear that bigger students could overpower them, take the
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has proposed allowing teachers to carry weapons on school grounds as a means of protecting themselves and others as a possible solution. In 2018, 14 states had at least one school district in which teachers were armed, with another 16 states permitting districts to arm teachers subject to local
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A summation of past research on video game violence finds that video games have little to no effect on aggression. (Anderson, 2004; Ferguson, 2007 & Spencer, 2009) Again, this supports the idea that although it is a popular opinion to link school shooters to being violent video gamers; this
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author Dave Cullen describes a subset of school shooters (and other mass murderers) known as "injustice collectors", or people who "never forget, never forgive, never let go" before they strike out. The essay describes and expands on the work of retired FBI profiler Mary Ellen O'Toole, who has
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A 2000 study of firearm storage in the United States found that "from the homes with children and firearms, 55% reported to have one or more firearms in an unlocked place". 43% reported keeping guns without a trigger lock in an unlocked place. In 2005 a study was done on adult firearm storage
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The suspects are almost always white male teenagers who have studied the Colorado high school massacre or cite the killers as inspiration. In the 16 years since the attack in Littleton, Colorado, more than 40 people have been charged with Columbine-style plots, according to searches of news
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also reports the "hallways are curved to prevent a shooter from having a clear line of sight during any potential attack." Classrooms have been redesigned so students can hide more easily. Costing $ 48 million to rebuild, Bob Szymoniak, Fruitport High School's superintendent, believes these
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Another example of poorly-cited statistics to further this narrative can be found in children who have lost at least one parent. In the U.S., the rate of parental death before age 16 is 8%. The rate of parental death is disproportionately high for prisoners (30â50%), however, it is also
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was almost certainly a psychopath as noted by the FBI. Between the Columbine massacre and 2015, "more than 40 people" were "charged with Columbine-style plots;" almost all were white male teenagers and almost all had studied the Columbine attack or cited the Columbine perpetrators
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funds "may be used to advocate or promote gun control", although this does not mean the CDC has stopped researching gun violence. Instead, Congress relies on independent research done by non-partisan organizations for getting data on gun violence in the United States.
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became the first public school district in the U.S. to allow teachers with state-issued firearm-carry permits to carry their arms in the classroom; special additional training and ricochet-resistant ammunition were required for participating teachers. Students at the
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practices in the United States found that over 1.69 million youth under age 18 are living in homes with loaded and unlocked firearms. Also, 73% of children under age 10 living in homes with guns reported knowing the location of their parents' firearms.
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in 2015. In the United States specifically, the most recent trend has been downward following the spikes of the 1990s, yet at the same time they are trending towards a higher likelihood of being premeditated and executed with a strict plan in mind.
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policy. Most states also require the gun carriers to receive advance permission from the districts' superintendents or trustees. "In New York State, written permission from the school is required in order to carry a firearm on school grounds."
1768:, lamenting that " are getting weapons with the greatest of ease", "It goes down the same as a thousand before / No one's getting smarter / No one's learning the score / A never-ending spree of death and violence and hate". In the 2008 song "
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McGinty, Emma E.; Webster, Daniel W.; Barry, Colleen L. (May 2013). "Effects of News Media Messages About Mass Shootings on Attitudes Toward Persons With Serious Mental Illness and Public Support for Gun Control Policies".
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reported that a U.S. Education Department report, released earlier in the year, for the 2015â2016 school year said "nearly 240 schools ... reported at least 1 incident involving a school-related shooting". However, when
956:, and not family structure. Further, proponents of this hypothesis often cite family statistics for those who commit crimes, but leave out how these compare to other populations, including the general population.
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Although the vast majority of mentally ill individuals are non-violent, some evidence has suggested that mental illness or mental health symptoms are nearly universal among school shooters. A 2002 report by the
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published the results from a study regarding 37 school shooting incidents, involving 41 individuals in the United States from December 1974 through May 2000. In a previous report of 18 school shootings by the
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79:, which has the highest number of school-related shootings, although school shootings take place elsewhere in the world. Especially in the United States, school shootings have sparked a political debate over
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4769:. National Threat Assessment Center, Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Elementary and Secondary Education, Safe and Drug-Free Schools Program and U.S. Secret Service. Archived from
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A new analysis by The Washington Post found that more people have been killed at schools so far in 2018 than have been killed while serving in the U.S. military, based on data from Defense Department news
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1370:, shooting of some form happened at 216 schools, and at least 141 children, educators and other people were killed and another 284 were injured. 38% of the students who experienced school shootings were
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observed that 8% of bullying victims become "angry, and aggressively so." She added, "They become very angry, they may act out aggressively online. They may not hit back, but they definitely ruminate."
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in 2018. School shootings are considered an "overwhelmingly American" phenomenon due to the availability of firearms in the United States. Kids at U.S. schools have active shooter drills. According to
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According to the Australian-based Raising children network and Centre for Adolescent Health (and other sources): the main change occurring in the developing brain during adolescence is the (so-called)
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mothers, same-sex parents, extended family, or cohabitation are more harmful to the development of a child's mental well-being, than heterosexual, married parents (often equated with the idea of a
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published a peer-reviewed journal article on the subject. It also quotes Gary Noesner, who helped create and lead the FBI's hostage negotiation unit, and served as Chief Negotiator for ten years.
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in Austin. Neither was seeking fame, but with the new television news climate, they received it anyway. Seeing this, 18-year-old Robert Benjamin Smith bought a gun, and on November 12, 1966, he
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However, these assumptions on the detrimental effects of "non-traditional" family structures have repeatedly been shown to be false, with the true issues lying within socio-economic realities.
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983:"Studies have found that within offenders' families, there is frequently a lack of supervision, low emotional closeness, and intimacy". In a 2018 publication, Dr. George S. Everly Jr, of
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on October 21, 2013, left a teacher and the shooter, a twelve-year-old student, dead with two seriously injured. The handgun used in the shooting had been taken from the shooter's home.
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54% reported having numerous reasons. The remaining motives included an attempt to solve a problem (34%), suicide or depression (27%), and seeking attention or recognition (24%).
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There have been many representations of American school shootings in films and TV shows produced by both United States and international production companies. While films
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O'Toole, Mary Ellen (September 1, 2014). "The Dangerous Injustice Collector: Behaviors of Someone Who Never Forgets, Never Forgives, Never Lets Go, and Strikes Back!".
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In a 2013 research report published by the Center for Homicide Research, they find that many also reject the idea of having armed classrooms due to what is termed the "
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of unused connections in thinking and processing. While this is occurring within the brain, retained connections are strengthened. Synaptic pruning occurs because the
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Steinberg (2005), Figner et al. (2009), and Burnett et al. (2010) identified adolescent age individuals as more likely to take risks than young children and adults.
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Ferguson, Christopher J.; Coulson, Mark; Barnett, Jane (January 1, 2011). "Psychological Profiles of School Shooters: Positive Directions and One Big Wrong Turn".
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Many school shootings in the United States result in one non-fatal injury. The type of firearm most commonly used in school shootings in the United States is the
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has shown the robust, positive effects of higher incomes and higher education levels on child well-being and emotional development, which reflects on the family
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alterations will become part of the structure of all U.S. schools. "These are design elements that are naturally part of buildings going into the future."
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One of the more provocative songs to come out of the Parkland, Florida high school shooting was "thoughts & prayers" from alternative artist/rapper
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feud, were about three times as common as those that appeared indiscriminate. Most perpetrators of school shootings exhibited no signs of debilitating
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However, much more work is needed with greater scope on investigations, to understand whether this is a real phenomenon or not. Some attribute this to
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4005:
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2027:, was portrayed as possibly the "safest school in America". The school has been used as a "Safe School Flagship" of possible countermeasures to an
6829:
6650:
6519:
6439:
6431:
6224:
2011:
information about student behaviors, negative or stressful events, and what resources are available for the student to overcome those challenges.
1951:
argues that the armed school approach for preventing school attacks, while new in the US, has been used successfully for many years in Israel and
733:
4480:
5932:
1152:
misconception is often attributable to third variables and has not been supported by research on the connection between aggression and gaming.
6626:
6503:
6200:
6165:
2459:
2109:
1828:, where the attacker was stopped by a student, Yitzhak Dadon, who shot him with his personal firearm which he lawfully carried concealed. At a
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1543:
761:
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264:
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6283:
6275:
5967:
5125:
1812:
1585:
1504:
1386:
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2055:
Other countermeasures include tools like doorjambs, rapidly-deployable tourniquets, and ballistic protection systems like the CoverMe-Seat.
6920:
6805:
6415:
6347:
6307:
4942:
3474:
Baird, Roellke, & Zeifman (2017). "Alone and adrift: The association between mass school shootings, school size, and student support".
1832:, there is a disputed claim that three students retrieved pistols from their cars and stopped the attacker without firing a shot. Also, at
984:
688:
683:
565:
3775:
3651:
2909:
2042:
Classrooms have automatically locking "hardened doors", and windows have "hardened exterior glass" to deflect bullets and physical attack.
1230:
School shootings are a "modern phenomenon". There were scattered instances of gunmen or bombers attacking schools in the years before the
6018:
5687:
4540:
4120:
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7548:
7484:
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in Michigan became the first school in the U.S. to be rebuilt with concrete barriers in hallways for students to hide from bullets. The
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703:
693:
597:
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5528:
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1955:. Teachers and school officials in Israel are allowed and encouraged to carry firearms if they have former military experience in the
1829:
1708:
1674:
Most attackers had difficulty coping with significant losses or personal failures. Moreover, many had considered or attempted suicide.
1593:
1397:, which allow the perpetrator to fire dozens of rounds without having to reload, were used in the Columbine and Sandy Hook shootings.
1323:, in 2019 "about 95% of public schools now have students and teachers practice huddling in silence, hiding from an imaginary gunman."
1194:
1067:
678:
4761:
3005:
2045:
Cameras, described as "military-grade", that feed video directly to Shelby County Sheriff's Office are mounted throughout the school.
1186:
Shooting massacres in English-speaking countries often occur close together in time. In the summer of 1966, two major stories broke:
7627:
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6527:
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6232:
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4796:
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3251:
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653:
5654:
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The Final Report and Findings of the Safe School Initiative: Implications for the Prevention of School Attacks in the United States
3085:
2757:
2434:
The Final Report and Findings of the Safe School Initiative: Implications for the Prevention of School Attacks in the United States
1174:), was linked to five school shootings and hostage situations that took place between 1988 and 1997; the most recent of these, the
4512:
2730:
Manning, Wendy D.; Lamb, Kathleen A. (February 2004). "Adolescent Well-Being in Cohabiting, Married, and Single-Parent Families".
7679:
6738:
6495:
6479:
6455:
6251:
1617:
1458:. 22 school shootings where someone was hurt or killed occurred in the United States in the first 20 weeks of 2018, according to
964:
838:
5856:
1686:
Despite prompt law enforcement responses, most shooting incidents were stopped by means other than law enforcement intervention.
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6930:
6682:
6339:
6331:
6157:
2144:
2006:
released an analysis of targeted school violence, concluding the best practice for prevention was forming a "multidisciplinary
1833:
1769:
1515:
1231:
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818:
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1452:
school property in 2018 that resulted in firearm-related injuries or deaths, including 32 killed and 65 injured, according to
7194:
6837:
6773:
6586:
6371:
4968:
4006:"Schools are safer than they were in the 90s, and school shootings are not more common than they used to be, researchers say"
3398:
2114:
1574:
1564:
1485:
1327:
1271:
712:
556:
5476:
5086:
4821:
1975:
A preventive measure proposed for stopping school shooting has been focused on securing firearms in the home. A shooting in
1655:
In May 2002, the Secret Service published a report that examined 37 U.S. school shootings. They had the following findings:
1148:
this hypothesis (Ferguson, 2009) but it has become a vivid profile used by the media since the Columbine Massacre in 1999.
901:
While the pre-frontal cortex is developing, children and teenagers might possibly rely more on the brain part known as the
7412:
6979:
6757:
6698:
5973:
Schildkraut, J.; Hernandez, T. (2014). "Laws that bit the bullet: A review of legislative responses to school shootings".
4320:
1784:
1732:
1537:
1526:
1419:
1414:
1363:
5316:
2417:. United States. Federal Bureau of Investigation National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crimes (U.S.). January 1969.
7689:
7046:
6813:
6789:
6013:
5510:
4029:
3837:
Phillips, D. P. (1980). "Airplane accidents, murder, and the mass media: Towards a theory of imitation and suggestion".
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2003:
1988:
1980:
1839:
1648:
1601:
1427:
1286:
813:
341:
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1389:
in Florida), accounted for 43% of the fatalities; the type of firearm used in the most lethal school shootings was the
6602:
6095:
2532:
1671:
Most attackers engaged in some behavior prior to the incident that caused others concern or indicated a need for help.
452:
421:
350:
139:
5681:
Enhancing School Safety Using a Threat Assessment Model: An Operational Guide for Preventing Targeted School Violence
3615:
3020:"Forecasting Aggression: Toward a New Interdisciplinary Understanding of What Makes Some Troubled Youth Turn Violent"
1105:
3908:
967:, between 20 and 30% of teenagers used/abused illicit substances, a much higher rate than single mother households.
6869:
5553:
3708:
Yukich, Joshua; Towers, Sherry; Gomez-Lievano, Andres; Khan, Maryam; Mubayi, Anuj; Castillo-Chavez, Carlos (2015).
3678:
2979:
2698:
1738:
1637:
1084:
1030:
usual behavior, and 3) Many of these traits and behaviors are seen in adolescents with other, non-violent, issues.
766:
254:
239:
5272:
5052:
4358:
4064:
7694:
7684:
7421:
7244:
7096:
7086:
4203:
3800:
Mullen, Paul quoted in Hannon K 1997, "Copycats to Blame for Massacres Says Expert", Courier Mail, March 4, 1997.
2836:
1744:
1714:
1621:
913:. As a consequence each individual is more likely to want to make riskier choices, and to do so more frequently.
718:
668:
446:
437:
4235:
924:
Deakin et al. (2004), and Overman et al. (2004) indicate a decline in risk taking from adolescence to adulthood;
7254:
7076:
7056:
7026:
6821:
6407:
4851:
4594:
84:
48:
5346:
5029:
2521:
Biological Basis for Crime in Crime: Public Policies for Crime control (J.Q. Wilson & J. Petersilia) p. 23
1374:
although African American students were 16.6% of the school population. Schools in at least 36 states and the
7343:
6960:
6765:
6674:
5425:
5369:
4991:
2894:
1791:
1247:
975:
family structure rather than family stability derails efforts to understand the realities of mass-shooters.
792:
658:
624:
489:
366:
356:
129:
64:
2074:
is pending legislation to provide funding grants to schools to be used for implementing security measures.
1906:
Strategically placing telephones for emergencies so police are always reachable at any point in the campus.
1787:
and other mass shootings, accompanied by what he perceives as a consistent resistance to gun control laws.
7165:
6845:
6781:
6511:
6149:
4905:"Grandson Signs With Fueled By Ramen Following His Powerful Post-Parkland Theme, 'Thoughts & Prayers'"
4568:
4177:
2568:
1866:
1497:
1394:
1347:
1235:
578:
534:
269:
218:
164:
4648:
3595:
841:
is one of many identified factors increasing the likelihood of an individual committing criminal acts of
7374:
7146:
6970:
6950:
6216:
3503:
2814:
2602:"Who are those "risk-taking adolescents"? Individual differences in developmental neuroimaging research"
2059:
1956:
1825:
1045:
949:
371:
209:
184:
3947:
3155:"Uvalde killer was mocked as a 'school shooter,' griped about bullying at school before deadly rampage"
2785:
2260:
1059:
The Uvalde shooter who killed 21 people was frequently bullied in 4th grade at Robb Elementary school.
5837:"House OKs Stop School Violence Act; FBI's David Bowdich testifies on Nikolas Cruz failures to Senate"
4432:
More people have been killed at schools this year than have been killed while serving in the military.
1909:
Employing school psychologists to monitor and provide mental health services for those that need help.
7491:
6998:
6988:
6853:
6543:
6141:
5936:
5841:
4485:
3721:
3600:
2432:
2294:
2024:
1984:
1780:
1702:
1568:
1508:
1250:
found that "four times the number of children were killed in schools in the early 1990s than today".
878:, to then later in the development of the nervous system, make the superfluous parts redundant, i.e.
571:
395:
279:
189:
134:
3108:
2241:
7393:
7305:
7285:
7066:
5126:"Issue 8: The debate on gun policies in U.S. and midwest newspapers â Berkeley Media Studies Group"
4453:
4419:
4240:
4130:
4069:
2964:
2554:
2495:
1941:
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312:
214:
199:
174:
169:
7430:
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6642:
6463:
5990:
5776:
5449:"Colorado Supreme Court affirms that CU students with permits can carry concealed guns on campus"
5321:
3620:
3491:
3456:
3377:
3136:
3038:
2184:
1933:
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1218:
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723:
427:
417:
381:
111:
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7156:
5960:
67:, such as a primary school, secondary school, high school or university, involving the use of a
4234:
Woodrow Cox, John; Rich, Steven; Chiu, Allyson; Muyskens, John; Ulmanu, Monica (May 18, 2018).
3779:
1963:
billion/year, and perhaps only save 10 lives per year (at a cost of $ 1.5 billion/life saved).
1413:, although most mass killers typically have or exhibit signs of depression. On the other hand,
7136:
7008:
5963:
5956:
5909:
4737:
4653:
3819:
3757:
3739:
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3325:
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3128:
2680:
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2377:
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2159:
2139:
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1795:
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1080:
850:
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499:
297:
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7463:
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7224:
6910:
5982:
5899:
5889:
5538:
5142:
Clines, Francis. "3 Slain at Law School; Student Is Held". New York Times. January 17, 2002.
3987:
3943:
3890:
3878:
3846:
3747:
3729:
3551:
3483:
3446:
3407:
3369:
3315:
3303:
3223:
3120:
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2621:
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2367:
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2189:
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1547:
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1371:
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1239:
1124:
1033:
858:
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4713:
4095:"My school's lockdown drills, active shooter training are security theater. Yours are, too"
1896:
To diminish school shootings there are many preventive measures that can be taken such as:
1668:
There is no accurate or useful profile of students who engaged in targeted school violence.
1484:
As of May 22, 2023, the ten deadliest school shootings in the United States since the 1999
7505:
7295:
5861:
5749:
5533:
5453:
5341:
4271:
4151:
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3991:
3894:
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2179:
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1946:
1937:
1883:
1402:
1191:
1171:
895:
633:
524:
302:
224:
3258:
3109:"Columbine Revisited: Myths and Realities About the BullyingâSchool Shootings Connection"
3019:
2431:
Vossekuil, Bryan; Fein, Robert; Reddy, Marisa; Borum, Randy; Modzeleski, William (2004).
2051:
mounted in the roof of corridors can be remotely discharged to slow a shooter's movement.
1088:
unlikely to seek psychiatric help, even if available. According to an article written on
6036:
5857:"House Passes School-Safety Bill on One-Month Anniversary of Parkland â National Review"
5655:
Protecting America's Schools: A U.S. Secret Service Analysis of Targeted School Violence
3725:
2440:. Washington, DC: United States Secret Service and United States Department of Education
1748:
investigate the crime for an episode or use it as a plot point for about half a season.
1385:. Three school shootings (the Columbine massacre, the Sandy Hook massacre, and the 2018
1178:, was ultimately influential in King's decision to pull the book out of print for good.
7622:
7456:
7204:
4716:
4517:
3952:
3752:
3709:
3228:
3211:
2880:
2675:
2650:
2626:
2601:
2299:
2209:
2199:
2048:
2028:
1976:
1917:
1912:
Coordinating a response plan between local police and schools in the event of a threat.
1726:
1662:
Prior to most incidents, other people knew about the attacker's idea or plan to attack.
1454:
938:
863:
561:
479:
412:
346:
244:
179:
43:
7517:
4770:
7673:
6023:
5994:
5481:
5448:
4266:
4152:"National Violent Death Reporting System|NVDRS|Violence Prevention|Injury Center|CDC"
3495:
3460:
3381:
3140:
2743:
2666:
2169:
1811:
bulletin boards) which reinforce walls or slide across doors to deflect bullets. The
1757:
1724:
are solely focused on the either the act or the aftermath. Many of the shows such as
1665:
Most attackers did not threaten their targets directly prior to advancing the attack.
1597:
1519:
1410:
1217:
Recent premeditative writings were presented according to court documents and showed
1210:
1187:
1075:
The degree to which mental illness contributes to school shootings has been debated.
910:
539:
274:
76:
72:
5151:
Wickman, Forrest. "Do Armed Citizens Stop Mass Shootings?" Slate. December 18, 2012.
4294:
2567:
Raising children network, in collaboration with, the Centre for Adolescent Health â
7116:
6008:
5878:"The mental health consequences of mass school shootings: What do we need to know?"
5754:
4545:
3434:
3411:
2036:
1167:
834:
549:
474:
80:
60:
4449:"This year has been deadlier for American students than American military members"
3124:
1677:
Many attackers felt bullied, persecuted, or injured by others prior to the attack.
1056:. Other academics however are critical of a bullying-school shootings connection.
866:
in humans develops by firstly, the over-producing of parts of the nervous system,
5653:
National Threat Assessment Center, United States Secret Service (November 2019).
3734:
3679:"Stephen King's Keynote Address, Vermont Library Conference, VEMA Annual Meeting"
3487:
3373:
2771:
1779:(born Jordan Benjamin). The song is a critique of politicians sending out their "
4481:"More people have died in schools than military service members in 2018: report"
4386:"A Look At All 11 School Shootings That Took Place In The First 23 Days Of 2018"
2862:
2535:
2412:
2290:"How school killings in the US stack up against 36 other countries put together"
2194:
2164:
2149:
2094:
1991:
in West Paducah, Kentucky in 1997 also involved legal guns taken from the home.
1820:
1339:
822:
462:
457:
361:
92:
5799:
5777:"Tired of mass shootings, man creates a chair that turns into bulletproof vest"
5715:
4876:
4719:
2001;286(21):2695â2702. doi:10.1001/jama.286.21.2695 Accessed February 24, 2018
3347:
2584:
2538:
2399:
1819:
Due to the political impact, this has spurred some to press for more stringent
17:
7402:
7234:
7126:
5986:
2837:"Cohabitation, marriage, relationship stability and child outcomes: an update"
2617:
2100:
2090:
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906:
846:
509:
504:
467:
5679:
National Threat Assessment Center, United States Secret Service (July 2018).
4649:"Since Sandy Hook, a gun has been fired on school grounds nearly once a week"
3743:
3329:
3132:
2381:
7325:
7036:
4729:
3686:
3451:
3320:
3181:"Friends of Uvalde school shooter had hints of his violence ahead of attack"
2372:
2219:
1865:
The Massengill Report was an after-action report created in the wake of the
1659:
Incidents of targeted violence at school were rarely sudden, impulsive acts.
1558:
1406:
883:
119:
5913:
5477:"Oregon Court of Appeals rejects university system's ban on guns on campus"
3850:
3823:
3761:
3419:
3237:
2684:
2635:
1449:
5529:"Follow the Leader: Israel and Thailand set an example by arming teachers"
5253:
Morris, Robert; Duplechain, Rosalind (2002). "New Ways To Stop Bullying".
5053:"Here's all the states where teachers already carry guns in the classroom"
4676:"Oxford High School shooting: 4 students dead, 8 hurt including 1 teacher"
4511:
Blad, Evie; Peele, Holly; Decker, Stacey; Kim, Hyon-Young (May 21, 2018).
3555:
3107:
Mears, Daniel P.; Moon, Melissa M.; Thielo, Angela J. (November 2, 2017).
7335:"'No Way to Prevent This', Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens"
5781:
4992:"NRA School Safety Report Recommends Arming Teachers, Loosening Gun Laws"
4937:
4572:
4363:
4298:
4267:"This Chart Shows the Number of School Shooting Victims Since Sandy Hook"
3912:
3043:
1952:
1489:
1346:
shootings in the United States was made more difficult by the passage by
1331:
902:
875:
842:
825:, have warned about the lack of empirical validity of profiling methods.
442:
152:
7636:'No Way to Prevent This,' Says Only Nation Where This Regularly Happens
7174:
5225:"Teachers with Guns: Firearms Discharges by School teachers, 1980â2012"
5197:"In Shift, Police Advise Taking an Active Role to Counter Mass Attacks"
4703:(sourced from Anderson; Kaufman; Simon 2001) Accessed February 24, 2018
4624:
3342:
2394:
1760:
has created two songs about school shootings in the United States. In "
1592:
Other school shootings occurring in the United States include the 1966
1382:
871:
494:
432:
68:
5904:
5894:
5877:
5083:"Teachers with Guns: Firearms Discharges by Schoolteachers, 1980â2012"
1680:
Most attackers had access to and had used weapons prior to the attack.
51:
in Brazil â a former student killed three teachers and one 6th-grader.
5599:
2928:
529:
75:
due to multiple casualties. The phenomenon is most widespread in the
4595:"There has been, on average, 1 school shooting every week this year"
3810:
Cantor; Mullen; Alpers (2000). "Mass homicide: the civil massacre".
3039:"How We Talk about Bullying After School Shootings Can Be Dangerous"
2840:
1262:
researched this 'claim', it could confirm only 11 actual incidents.
6033:â database of information and documents relating to school shooters
5021:
4967:(sliding across doors). MSN.com. September 16, 2013. Archived from
2910:"Offender and Offence Characteristics of School Shooting Incidents"
2908:
Gerard, F.J.; Whitefield, K.C.; Porter, L.E.; Browne, K.D. (2015).
5955:. Studies in Media and Communications, 7. Bingley: Emerald, 2012.
5800:"US school rebuilt with bulletproof barriers and curved corridors"
1928:
1390:
1367:
1304:
1066:
890:). These changes occur in certain parts of the brain firstly; the
867:
42:
1309:
Columbine shooting victims at School Walkout against gun violence
1010:
offer a guide for helping to identify potential school shooters,
941:). This perspective is found to back federal efforts such as the
32:"School shooters" redirects here. For the XXXTentacion song, see
5823:"Everything You Need to Know About the STOP School Violence Act"
4933:"Bulletproof school supplies get low grades from safety experts"
4714:
School-Associated Violent Deaths in the United States, 1994â1999
4679:
4415:"2018 has been deadlier for schoolchildren than service members"
2214:
1940:(so long as they possess the appropriate state license) since a
1765:
1313:
School shootings are a "uniquely American crisis", according to
1238:
in 1996, "but they were lower profile", according to journalist
905:; involving thinking that is more emotionally active, including
7521:
6040:
5105:"A discussion of the reasoning behind gun free zone, 2007â2008"
4797:"Mass and the films trying to make sense of senseless violence"
4359:"Columbine High School Had Armed Guard During Massacre In 1999"
943:
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act
6030:
5686:(Report). U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Archived from
5613:"Preventing school shootings starts with gun safety at home".
4598:
4390:
4324:
3635:
Buckley, Jerry (October 31, 1993). "The Tragedy in Room 108".
3571:"Inside the Warped Mind of Vester Flanagan and Other Shooters"
2980:"Government Vows to Take Action Following Kauhajoki Shootings"
2954:
2952:
2063:
1459:
1259:
1254:
1007:
4760:
Vossekuil, B; Fein R; Reddy M; Borum R; Modzeleski W (2002).
3346:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
2485:"The Final Report and Findings of the Safe School Initiative"
2398:
Text was copied from this source, which is available under a
1683:
In many cases, other students were involved in some capacity.
1442:
and non-combat military service, according to an analysis by
5595:"Children Are Dying Because Of Americans' Denial About Guns"
5085:. Homicidecenter.org. August 2013. p. 1. Archived from
3927:"Student Suspected in Washington State School Shooting Plot"
1476:
List of school shootings in the United States (2000-present)
1297:
List of school shootings in the United States (2000âpresent)
7478:
List of school shootings in the United States by death toll
5370:"Utah Supreme Court Shoots down University of Utah Gun Ban"
2325:"Interactive: School shootings around the world since 1996"
2243:
The Final Report and Findings of the Safe School Initiative
1480:
List of school shootings in the United States by death toll
1472:
List of school shootings in the United States (before 2000)
1301:
List of school shootings in the United States by death toll
1293:
List of school shootings in the United States (before 2000)
5554:"N.R.A. Envisions 'a Good Guy With a Gun' in Every School"
3285:"Everything You Think You Know about Mass Murder Is Wrong"
3060:"Behind the scenes.: A closer look at the school shooters"
2917:
Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling
2811:"Growing Up with a Single Parent â What Hurts, What Helps"
2551:
Why synaptic pruning is important for the developing brain
2249:. Washington, DC: United States Secret Service. p. 4.
1900:
Installing wireless panic alarms to alert law enforcement.
3966:
United States, the phenomenon is overwhelmingly American.
2540:
Accessed February 20, 2018 (1st shown at an earlier date)
2460:"What Decades Of Covering School Shootings Has Taught Me"
961:
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
4712:
M. Anderson; J. Kaufman; T.R. Simon (December 5, 2001)-
4467:
been four fatal school shootings during the same period.
3314:(6). American Psychiatric Association Publishing: 1080.
2366:(6). American Psychiatric Association Publishing: 1080.
1772:", a campus gunman thinks he is a soldier in a warzone.
1071:
School shooting vigil example, Parkland High School, USA
3948:"Thresholds of Violence, How school shootings catch on"
1190:
murdered eight women on a single night in Chicago, and
4701:
SP Kachur, GM Stennies, KE Powell, W Modzeleski (1996)
4620:"Factbox: Major school shootings in the United States"
6014:
Student Threat Assessment and Management System Guide
5953:
School Shootings: Mediatized Violence in a Global Age
5392:"U of Wisconsin Prepares for New Concealed Carry Law"
5337:"Guns on college campuses allowed in U.S. state Utah"
3304:"Gun Violence and Mental Illness. Vol. First edition"
2356:"Gun Violence and Mental Illness. Vol. First edition"
1903:
Limiting points of entry with security guarding them.
5716:"Indiana Sheriffs Set New Standard in School Safety"
5345:
The Associated Press. March 29, 2009. Archived from
4965:"How bulletproof whiteboards can protect classrooms"
4121:"This is how common school shootings are in America"
3911:. Journal of Mass Media Ethics. 1993. Archived from
917:
Steinberg (2004) identified the fact of adolescents
7613:
7555:
7446:
7355:
7266:
6899:
6892:
6749:
6562:
6399:
6386:
6243:
6192:
6133:
6106:
6087:
6074:
5629:"Description of State Child Access Prevention Laws"
5552:Lichtblau, Eric; Rich, Motoko (December 21, 2012).
4822:"School Shootings: When TV Depicts the Unthinkable"
2318:
2316:
2288:Foxman, Simone; King, Ritchie (December 14, 2012).
2130:
Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
1861:
College and university response and countermeasures
1012:
The School Shooter: A Threat Assessment Perspective
989:
The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
5300:Robertz, Frank (August 1, 2007). "Deadly Dreams".
4063:Woodrow Cox, John; Rich, Steven (March 25, 2018).
3624:. McKee, KY. Associated Press. September 18, 1989.
2585:Risk taking in adolescence: what changes, and why?
1222:who were taken alive either pre or post shooting.
5710:
5708:
4567:Farber, Madeline; Szathmary, Zoe (May 19, 2018).
4352:
4350:
4089:
4087:
3879:"Deadly Dreams: What Motivates School Shootings?"
3710:"Contagion in Mass Killings and School Shootings"
3616:"Kentucky Youth Frees 11 Hostages and Surrenders"
3523:Gilligan, James; Lee, Bandy (February 21, 2018).
997:National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime
5317:"In Texas School, Teachers Carry Books and Guns"
4593:Ahmed, Saeed; Walker, Christina (May 18, 2018).
4513:"School Shootings This Year: How Many and Where"
4295:"Why are US mass shootings getting more deadly?"
2283:
2281:
945:(PRWORA) of 1996 and US federal tax incentives.
898:occurs, is the concluding area for development.
71:. Many school shootings are also categorized as
4442:
4440:
4260:
4258:
4229:
4227:
4225:
4058:
4056:
4054:
4052:
4050:
2120:List of unsuccessful attacks related to schools
27:Event in which gun violence happens at a school
6798:Central Visual and Performing Arts High School
5660:(Report). U.S. Department of Homeland Security
3938:
3936:
7533:
6052:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5576:"Five Concerns About Armed Guards in Schools"
5504:"Oregon University System Policy on Firearms"
4541:"Another School ShootingâBut Who's Counting?"
3776:"The story of the first copycat mass shooter"
3348:Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY 3.0)
2400:Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 (CC BY 3.0)
1466:List of school shootings in the United States
793:
8:
5794:
5792:
4899:
4897:
3508:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2786:"Consequences of Growing Up Poor | RSF"
2600:Bjork, James M.; Pardini, Dustin A. (2015).
1195:shot and killed 15 people from a clock tower
1024:"No Limits or Monitoring of TV and Internet"
959:For example, a 2009 survey conducted by the
6854:University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
5190:
5188:
4717:Journal of the American Medical Association
3604:. Oxnard. Associated Press. April 27, 1988.
7540:
7526:
7518:
6896:
6396:
6084:
6059:
6045:
6037:
5951:Muschert, Glen â Sumiala, Johanna (eds.):
5315:McKinley, James C. Jr. (August 28, 2008).
4845:
4843:
4730:"Deadly Lessons: School Shooters Tell Why"
3212:"Violence and mental illness: an overview"
2713:"SBC Statement Opposing Same-Sex Marriage"
2588:Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
2323:Wolfe-Wylie, William (December 14, 2012).
1824:deter the gunmen. One such example is the
1764:" (1994), the focus is on clashing school
1634:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1356:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1160:One of the infamous books, the 1977 novel
1001:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
800:
786:
618:
157:
106:
6766:Liberty Point International Middle School
6723:University of North Carolina at Charlotte
5903:
5893:
5028:. National Rifle Association of America.
4178:"Stats of the States â Firearm Mortality"
3751:
3733:
3525:"Look at the Root Causes of Gun Violence"
3450:
3439:Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare
3435:"Mass Shootings and Mental Health Policy"
3319:
3227:
3088:. Centre for Justice and Crime Prevention
2674:
2625:
2523:ICS Press 2002 Accessed February 20, 2018
2371:
1800:1979 Cleveland Elementary School shooting
1628:Studies of United States school shootings
1610:2018 Marshall County High School shooting
1436:2018 Marshall County High School shooting
1214:study media reports of previous killers.
853:occurring as individuals age from birth.
5418:"Mississippi Passes New Campus Gun Laws"
5219:
5217:
3978:Robertz, Frank (2007). "Deadly Dreams".
2863:"National Survey on Drug Use and Health"
849:. This fact is supported by findings on
255:Special-interest / Single-issue
5750:"Is This the Safest School in America?"
5564:from the original on December 31, 2012.
5002:from the original on September 28, 2022
4927:
4925:
2414:School Shooter: A Quick Reference Guide
2232:
1362:Between the Columbine massacre and the
667:
632:
288:
253:
198:
118:
6174:California State University, Fullerton
4119:Erickson, Amanda (February 18, 2018).
4024:
4022:
3929:. Associated Press. February 14, 2018.
3501:
2240:Vossekuil, Bryan; et al. (2004).
2110:List of school massacres by death toll
1544:2015 Umpqua Community College shooting
603:Charities accused of ties to terrorism
6643:University of California, Los Angeles
6068:School shootings in the United States
5748:Hockenberry, John (October 8, 2015).
5063:from the original on October 28, 2020
4990:Christina Wilkie (February 4, 2013).
3992:10.1038/scientificamericanmind0807-52
3895:10.1038/scientificamericanmind0807-52
3867:4th Ed. Allyn and Bacon, pp. 121â130.
3596:"Hijack Tied to Teen Classroom Siege"
3362:Journal of Police Crisis Negotiations
2867:nsduhweb.rti.org/respweb/homepage.cfm
2426:
2424:
1813:National Rifle Association of America
1586:Northern Illinois University shooting
1505:Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
1336:Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting
7:
6921:Detention: The Siege at Johnson High
5975:American Journal of Criminal Justice
5627:Randich, Cheri (December 10, 2012).
5163:"Zero Tolerance for School Violence"
4647:Krishnakumar, Priya (May 18, 2018).
4539:Fattal, Isabel (February 14, 2018).
3283:Peters, Justin (December 19, 2013).
3058:Lanata, John C. (MarchâApril 2003).
2699:"Catholic Perspectives on Parenting"
2606:Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
1987:in Red Lake, Minnesota in 2005, and
1616:, in which two were killed; and the
985:The Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
7549:Mass shootings in the United States
7485:Mass shootings in the United States
6571:University of Alabama in Huntsville
6009:BBC timeline of US school shootings
5475:Graves, Bill (September 28, 2011).
5424:. February 19, 2012. Archived from
4569:"Recent school shootings in the US"
4447:Sommerfeldt, Chris (May 18, 2018).
4357:Terkel, Amanda (December 5, 2013).
4293:McKelvey, Tara (November 7, 2017).
4265:Wilson, Chris (February 22, 2018).
4030:"The School Shootings That Weren't"
3037:Swaak, Taylor (February 25, 2018).
2772:"Internal Revenue Bulletin 2018-10"
1925:Harrold Independent School District
1847:Police response and countermeasures
1642:United States Department of Justice
1438:in Kentucky, and Stoneman Douglas.
6067:
5032:from the original on June 23, 2017
4331:from the original on April 2, 2017
3778:. November 7, 2016. Archived from
3302:Gold & Simon (December 2016).
2655:Journal of Marriage and the Family
2354:Gold & Simon (December 2016).
2035:All teachers have lanyards with a
1854:US Department of Homeland Security
1600:in which 16 were killed; the 2001
1594:University of Texas tower shooting
1492:in which 13 were killed were the:
1104:A 2016 opinion piece published by
25:
7628:Gun violence in the United States
7471:Gun violence in the United States
5527:Kopel, Dave (September 2, 2004).
4941:. August 21, 2013. Archived from
4795:Latif, Leila (January 18, 2022).
4479:Gstalter, Morgan (May 18, 2018).
4321:"The massacre that didn't happen"
4319:Drash, Wayne (November 3, 2015).
3986:(4). Scientific American: 52â59.
3433:Rosenberg, Jessica (March 2014).
3308:European Journal of Public Health
2360:European Journal of Public Health
2155:Gun politics in the United States
2135:Campus carry in the United States
1283:Gun violence in the United States
6846:Virginia Commonwealth University
5821:Baumann, Beth (March 26, 2018).
5368:Lott, John (September 9, 2006).
5103:Puryear, Eric (April 30, 2008).
3569:Cullen, Dave (August 31, 2015).
3341:
3086:"Addressing Bullying in Schools"
2744:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2003.00876.x
2717:The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
2667:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2010.00750.x
2393:
2093:
1843:percent of U.S. public schools.
1618:2021 Oxford High School shooting
1608:, in which two were killed; the
1354:in 1996, which mandated that no
965:National Institute on Drug Abuse
6931:Duck! The Carbine High Massacre
6862:University of Nevada, Las Vegas
6675:Rancho Tehama Elementary School
6619:Marysville Pilchuck High School
6448:Case Western Reserve University
6217:Hubbard Woods Elementary School
5876:Draucker, Claire-Burke (2020).
5509:. March 2, 2012. Archived from
5447:Whaley, Monte (March 5, 2012).
4850:Geoff Boucher (June 15, 2008).
3865:Influence: Science and Practice
3187:. July 17, 2022. Archived from
2261:"Mass Shootings Are Contagious"
2145:Federal Bureau of Investigation
1516:Robb Elementary School shooting
1232:Frontier Middle School shooting
1203:killed four women and a toddler
1176:1997 Heath High School shooting
819:Federal Bureau of Investigation
7195:If Anything Happens I Love You
6715:Noblesville West Middle School
6552:University of Central Arkansas
5722:. Indiana Sheriffs Association
5593:Tara, Haelle (June 19, 2017).
5161:Koch, Kathy (March 10, 2000).
3889:. Scientific American: 52â59.
3677:King, Stephen (May 26, 1999).
3652:"Loukaitis trial starts today"
3412:10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.13010014
3399:American Journal of Psychiatry
2732:Journal of Marriage and Family
2651:"Marriage and Child Wellbeing"
2115:List of school-related attacks
1575:2012 Oikos University shooting
1565:2023 Nashville school shooting
1486:Columbine High School massacre
1328:Columbine High School massacre
1272:List of school-related attacks
1:
7413:Super Columbine Massacre RPG!
6201:49th Street Elementary School
5931:Eppes, Mary (March 8, 2018).
5195:Erica Goode (April 6, 2013).
4877:"Hammerhead by The Offspring"
4413:Bump, Philip (May 18, 2018).
4065:"Scarred by school shootings"
3125:10.1080/15564886.2017.1307295
2960:"The gun's not in the closet"
2881:"Drug Abuse Statistics, NIDA"
2649:Brown, S. L. (October 2010).
2494:. May 1, 2002. Archived from
1798:was directly inspired by the
1785:Parkland high school shooting
1733:Degrassi: the Next Generation
1624:, in which four were killed.
1538:Santa Fe High School shooting
1527:Parkland high school shooting
1426:injured: Columbine, the 2001
1420:Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold
1387:Parkland High School shooting
1378:have experienced a shooting.
1364:Santa Fe High School shooting
1170:(written under the pseudonym
7047:All the Boys Love Mandy Lane
6699:Stoneman Douglas High School
6667:North Park Elementary School
6595:Sandy Hook Elementary School
6536:Northern Illinois University
6292:BlackvilleâHilda High School
6268:Bard College at Simon's Rock
5933:"JSU Student Shot on campus"
5051:Tess Owen (March 10, 2018).
3735:10.1371/journal.pone.0117259
3637:U.S. News & World Report
3488:10.1016/j.soscij.2017.01.009
3374:10.1080/15332586.2011.581523
2572:Australian parenting website
2569:Brain development: Teenagers
2492:U.S. Department of Education
2004:United States Secret Service
1981:Sandy Hook Elementary School
1756:Californian punk rock group
1649:United States Secret Service
1602:Santana High School shooting
1428:Santana High School shooting
1287:Gun violence in U.S. schools
1106:U.S. News & World Report
814:United States Secret Service
7107:We Need to Talk About Kevin
6731:STEM School Highlands Ranch
6691:Marshall County High School
6659:Townville Elementary School
6635:Northern Arizona University
6472:Campbell County High School
6464:Red Lake Senior High School
6324:Bethel Regional High School
6233:Cleveland Elementary School
6209:Cokeville Elementary School
6182:Cleveland Elementary School
6096:Enoch Brown school massacre
5882:Journal of Advanced Nursing
2943:"Profiling School Shooters"
2839:. July 2011. Archived from
1936:have been allowed to carry
1709:We Need to Talk about Kevin
1018:"Student 'Rules the Roost'"
894:, the brain location where
598:Designated terrorist groups
7711:
6822:Richneck Elementary School
6316:San Diego State University
6123:Rose-Mar College of Beauty
4852:"Why don't you get a job?"
3252:""Safe School Initiative""
3070:(2): 22â26. Archived from
2590:Accessed February 20, 2018
2574:Accessed February 15, 2018
2558:Accessed February 15, 2018
1881:
1638:US Department of Education
1469:
1290:
1280:
1269:
1085:US Department of Education
767:Anti-terrorism legislation
31:
6830:Michigan State University
6520:Delaware State University
6488:Platte Canyon High School
6440:John McDonogh High School
6432:Appalachian School of Law
6225:Oakland Elementary School
6019:Horrific School Shootings
5987:10.1007/s12103-013-9214-6
5615:Christian Science Monitor
5167:CQ Researcher by CQ Press
2618:10.1016/j.dcn.2014.07.008
1834:a Mississippi high school
1794:" by Irish new wave band
1622:Oxford Township, Michigan
921:, typically, than adults;
762:International conventions
669:State-sponsored terrorism
7255:The Truth vs. Alex Jones
7077:The Life Before Her Eyes
6814:Juarez Community Academy
6627:Umpqua Community College
6504:West Nickel Mines School
6166:Computer Learning Center
6150:Jackson State University
5935:. MSNews. Archived from
5372:. Johnrlott.blogspot.com
3980:Scientific American Mind
3812:J Am Acad Psychiatry Law
2072:STOP School Violence Act
2021:Southwestern High School
1840:The Gun-Free Schools Act
1783:" to the victims of the
1044:Dorothy Espelage of the
625:Violent non-state actors
49:Aracruz school shootings
7680:Crimes against children
6544:E.O. Junior High School
6408:Buell Elementary School
6284:Wickliffe Middle School
6276:East Carter High School
4204:"About School Violence"
3877:Robertz, Frank (2007).
3863:Cialdini, Robert 2001.
3656:Ellensburg Daily Record
3452:10.15453/0191-5096.3835
3210:Stuart, H (June 2003).
3113:Victims & Offenders
2895:"Creativity in Context"
1395:High-capacity magazines
1248:Northeastern University
367:Clandestine cell system
65:educational institution
6806:University of Virginia
6782:Robb Elementary School
6416:University of Arkansas
6348:Westside Middle School
6308:Frontier Middle School
5396:Campus Safety Magazine
4826:The Hollywood Reporter
3883:Scientificamerican.com
3650:AP (August 25, 1997).
3476:Social Science Journal
2813:. 1995. Archived from
2583:Steinberg, L (2004) â
1948:National Review Online
1873:School countermeasures
1867:Virginia Tech shooting
1632:During 1996, the CDC (
1498:Virginia Tech shooting
1348:United States Congress
1310:
1236:Moses Lake, Washington
1072:
535:Propaganda of the deed
52:
7375:Lullaby for Columbine
7147:The Cokeville Miracle
6951:Bowling for Columbine
6941:Bang Bang You're Dead
6878:Apalachee High School
6372:Columbine High School
6260:Lindhurst High School
6142:Kent State University
5888:(2). Wiley: 423â425.
5255:Monitor on Psychology
4741:. October 15â16, 2000
3909:"Term Paper Proposal"
3556:10.1089/vio.2014.1509
3531:on February 24, 2018.
3321:10.1093/eurpub/ckw192
3074:on February 14, 2015.
2373:10.1093/eurpub/ckw192
2060:Fruitport High School
1826:Mercaz HaRav Massacre
1308:
1070:
1046:University of Florida
950:Longitudinal research
886:, otherwise known as
751:Response to terrorism
372:Leaderless resistance
46:
7492:Thoughts and prayers
7344:A Mother's Reckoning
6707:Santa Fe High School
6611:Sparks Middle School
6603:Santa Monica College
6364:Thurston High School
6356:Parker Middle School
6300:Richland High School
6031:School Shooters.info
5842:The Washington Times
5693:on February 20, 2020
5349:on December 19, 2008
5059:. Vice Media Group.
4158:. September 19, 2018
3946:(October 19, 2015).
3851:10.1093/sf/58.4.1001
3006:"The School Shooter"
2986:. September 23, 2008
2843:on December 25, 2019
2760:. November 23, 2015.
2025:Shelbyville, Indiana
1985:Red Lake High School
1792:I Don't Like Mondays
1781:thoughts and prayers
1636:) together with the
1569:Nashville, Tennessee
1509:Newtown, Connecticut
1376:District of Columbia
1253:On August 27, 2018,
1134:Violent media theory
1113:Injustice collectors
979:Parental supervision
190:Right-wing/Far-right
7690:Terrorism by method
7286:Nobody Left to Hate
7018:"Time Stands Still"
6790:Rusdale High School
6579:Chardon High School
6528:SuccessTech Academy
6424:Santana High School
6115:University of Texas
5720:indianasheriffs.org
5634:. Law & Justice
5617:. October 31, 2013.
5582:. January 13, 2013.
5541:on January 7, 2010.
5428:on November 9, 2012
5422:Daily Mississippian
5398:. September 7, 2011
5302:Scientific American
5022:"NRA School Shield"
4682:. November 30, 2021
4628:. February 14, 2018
4454:New York Daily News
4420:The Washington Post
4241:The Washington Post
4131:The Washington Post
4070:The Washington Post
3726:2015PLoSO..1017259T
3544:Violence and Gender
2965:The Washington Post
2555:Scientific American
2039:that alerts police.
1967:Preventive measures
1942:State Supreme Court
1830:Virginia law school
1691:Cultural references
1579:Oakland, California
1445:The Washington Post
1316:The Washington Post
1199:University of Texas
1054:victims of bullying
772:Terrorism insurance
573:Rockets and mortars
313:Resistance movement
7385:Shoot (Hellblazer)
6758:Oxford High School
6739:Saugus High School
6496:Weston High School
6480:Pine Middle School
6456:Rocori High School
6252:University of Iowa
5558:The New York Times
5322:The New York Times
5232:Homicidecenter.org
5201:The New York Times
4394:. January 24, 2018
4236:"School shootings"
4210:. November 1, 2018
3915:on August 7, 2007.
3621:The New York Times
3191:on August 27, 2022
2817:on August 28, 2006
2549:Feinberg, Irwin â
2519:Raine, A (2002) â
2185:Shoot (Hellblazer)
1934:University of Utah
1606:Santee, California
1555:Red Lake shootings
1540:in Texas (10 dead)
1311:
1073:
892:pre-frontal cortex
418:Aircraft hijacking
175:Left-wing/Far-left
53:
7667:
7666:
7515:
7514:
7442:
7441:
7422:"Valentine's Day"
7137:Sins of Our Youth
7009:American Yearbook
6888:
6887:
6870:Perry High School
6683:Aztec High School
6651:El Centro College
6382:
6381:
6340:Heath High School
6332:Pearl High School
6158:Olean High School
5968:978-1-78052-918-9
5895:10.1111/jan.14258
5865:. March 14, 2018.
5785:. April 13, 2018.
5273:"Now Is The Time"
5234:. 2013. p. 3
5092:on April 1, 2017.
5026:NRA School Shield
4971:on March 23, 2014
4945:on March 23, 2014
4856:Los Angeles Times
4738:Chicago Sun-Times
4654:Los Angeles Times
3944:Gladwell, Malcolm
3782:on April 25, 2018
3601:The Press-Courier
3264:on August 4, 2009
2335:on April 15, 2015
2329:Postmedia Network
2160:Incendiary device
2140:Counter-terrorism
2125:Threat assessment
2008:threat assessment
1989:Heath High School
1938:concealed pistols
1796:The Boomtown Rats
1762:Come Out and Play
1531:Parkland, Florida
1326:Between the 1999
1081:US Secret Service
919:taking more risks
851:brain development
845:and outbursts of
810:
809:
757:Counter-terrorism
742:
741:
500:Individual terror
321:
320:
298:Violent extremism
35:Bad Vibes Forever
16:(Redirected from
7702:
7695:Education issues
7685:School shootings
7634:
7542:
7535:
7528:
7519:
7508:
7501:
7494:
7487:
7480:
7473:
7466:
7464:Columbine effect
7459:
7435:
7425:
7417:
7407:
7397:
7389:
7379:
7369:
7348:
7338:
7330:
7320:
7310:
7300:
7290:
7280:
7276:Give a Boy a Gun
7259:
7249:
7239:
7229:
7219:
7209:
7199:
7189:
7179:
7169:
7161:
7151:
7141:
7131:
7121:
7111:
7101:
7091:
7081:
7071:
7067:State's Evidence
7061:
7051:
7041:
7031:
7021:
7013:
7003:
6993:
6983:
6975:
6965:
6961:Heart of America
6955:
6945:
6935:
6925:
6915:
6911:The Deadly Tower
6897:
6881:
6873:
6865:
6857:
6849:
6841:
6833:
6825:
6817:
6809:
6801:
6793:
6785:
6777:
6774:East High School
6769:
6761:
6742:
6734:
6726:
6718:
6710:
6702:
6694:
6686:
6678:
6670:
6662:
6654:
6646:
6638:
6630:
6622:
6614:
6606:
6598:
6590:
6587:Oikos University
6582:
6574:
6555:
6547:
6539:
6531:
6523:
6515:
6507:
6499:
6491:
6483:
6475:
6467:
6459:
6451:
6443:
6435:
6427:
6419:
6411:
6397:
6375:
6367:
6359:
6351:
6343:
6335:
6327:
6319:
6311:
6303:
6295:
6287:
6279:
6271:
6263:
6255:
6236:
6228:
6220:
6212:
6204:
6185:
6177:
6169:
6161:
6153:
6145:
6126:
6118:
6099:
6085:
6061:
6054:
6047:
6038:
5998:
5948:
5946:
5944:
5939:on July 27, 2018
5918:
5917:
5907:
5897:
5873:
5867:
5866:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5833:
5827:
5826:
5818:
5812:
5811:
5809:
5807:
5796:
5787:
5786:
5773:
5767:
5766:
5764:
5762:
5745:
5732:
5731:
5729:
5727:
5712:
5703:
5702:
5700:
5698:
5692:
5685:
5676:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5665:
5659:
5650:
5644:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5633:
5624:
5618:
5611:
5605:
5604:
5590:
5584:
5583:
5572:
5566:
5565:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5537:. Archived from
5524:
5518:
5517:
5515:
5508:
5500:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5489:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5461:
5444:
5438:
5437:
5435:
5433:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5377:
5365:
5359:
5358:
5356:
5354:
5333:
5327:
5326:
5312:
5306:
5305:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5277:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5250:
5244:
5243:
5241:
5239:
5229:
5221:
5212:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5192:
5183:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5158:
5152:
5149:
5143:
5140:
5134:
5133:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5100:
5094:
5093:
5091:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5048:
5042:
5041:
5039:
5037:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
4987:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4961:
4955:
4954:
4952:
4950:
4929:
4920:
4919:
4917:
4915:
4901:
4892:
4891:
4889:
4887:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4864:
4862:
4847:
4838:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4828:. April 15, 2013
4818:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4807:
4792:
4786:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4776:on June 17, 2003
4775:
4768:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4734:
4726:
4720:
4710:
4704:
4698:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4672:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4616:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4605:
4590:
4584:
4583:
4581:
4579:
4564:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4536:
4530:
4529:
4527:
4525:
4508:
4502:
4501:
4495:
4493:
4476:
4470:
4469:
4463:
4461:
4444:
4435:
4434:
4429:
4427:
4410:
4404:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4354:
4345:
4344:
4338:
4336:
4316:
4310:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4290:
4284:
4283:
4281:
4279:
4262:
4253:
4252:
4250:
4248:
4231:
4220:
4219:
4217:
4215:
4200:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4174:
4168:
4167:
4165:
4163:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4116:
4110:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4091:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4060:
4045:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4026:
4017:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4002:
3996:
3995:
3975:
3969:
3968:
3962:
3960:
3940:
3931:
3930:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3905:
3899:
3898:
3874:
3868:
3861:
3855:
3854:
3845:(4): 1001â1024.
3834:
3828:
3827:
3807:
3801:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3772:
3766:
3765:
3755:
3737:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3689:on June 26, 2005
3685:. Archived from
3674:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3647:
3641:
3640:
3632:
3626:
3625:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3592:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3581:
3575:The New Republic
3566:
3560:
3559:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3527:. Archived from
3520:
3514:
3513:
3507:
3499:
3471:
3465:
3464:
3454:
3430:
3424:
3423:
3392:
3386:
3385:
3357:
3351:
3345:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3323:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3280:
3274:
3273:
3271:
3269:
3263:
3257:. Archived from
3256:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3231:
3216:World Psychiatry
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3177:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3082:
3076:
3075:
3055:
3049:
3048:
3034:
3028:
3027:
3026:. February 2011.
3016:
3010:
3009:
3002:
2996:
2995:
2993:
2991:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2939:
2933:
2932:
2929:10.1002/jip.1439
2914:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2877:
2871:
2870:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2833:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2807:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2796:
2782:
2776:
2775:
2774:. March 5, 2018.
2768:
2762:
2761:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2709:
2703:
2702:
2701:. December 2017.
2695:
2689:
2688:
2678:
2661:(5): 1059â1077.
2646:
2640:
2639:
2629:
2597:
2591:
2581:
2575:
2565:
2559:
2547:
2541:
2530:
2524:
2517:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2506:
2501:on June 13, 2007
2500:
2489:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2470:
2456:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2445:
2439:
2428:
2419:
2418:
2409:
2403:
2397:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2375:
2351:
2345:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2331:. Archived from
2320:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2306:
2285:
2276:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2257:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2237:
2190:Social rejection
2103:
2098:
2097:
1878:Armed classrooms
1806:Political impact
1614:Benton, Kentucky
1548:Roseburg, Oregon
1422:as inspiration.
1372:African American
1352:Dickey Amendment
1240:Malcolm Gladwell
1226:Frequency trends
1034:Daniel Schechter
802:
795:
788:
619:
592:Terrorist groups
574:
308:Militia movement
275:Green/Ecological
180:Narcotics-driven
158:
107:
21:
7710:
7709:
7705:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7700:
7699:
7670:
7669:
7668:
7663:
7642:School shooting
7632:
7615:
7609:
7551:
7546:
7516:
7511:
7506:School violence
7504:
7499:School shooting
7497:
7490:
7483:
7476:
7469:
7462:
7455:
7448:
7438:
7428:
7420:
7410:
7400:
7392:
7382:
7372:
7362:
7351:
7341:
7333:
7323:
7313:
7303:
7296:No Easy Answers
7293:
7283:
7273:
7262:
7252:
7242:
7232:
7222:
7212:
7202:
7192:
7182:
7172:
7164:
7157:I'm Not Ashamed
7154:
7144:
7134:
7124:
7114:
7104:
7094:
7084:
7074:
7064:
7054:
7044:
7034:
7024:
7016:
7006:
6996:
6986:
6978:
6968:
6958:
6948:
6938:
6928:
6918:
6908:
6901:
6884:
6876:
6868:
6860:
6852:
6844:
6838:Covenant School
6836:
6828:
6820:
6812:
6804:
6796:
6788:
6780:
6772:
6764:
6756:
6745:
6737:
6729:
6721:
6713:
6705:
6697:
6689:
6681:
6673:
6665:
6657:
6649:
6641:
6633:
6625:
6617:
6609:
6601:
6593:
6585:
6577:
6569:
6558:
6550:
6542:
6534:
6526:
6518:
6510:
6502:
6494:
6486:
6478:
6470:
6462:
6454:
6446:
6438:
6430:
6422:
6414:
6406:
6388:
6387:2000 to present
6378:
6370:
6362:
6354:
6346:
6338:
6330:
6322:
6314:
6306:
6298:
6290:
6282:
6274:
6266:
6258:
6250:
6239:
6231:
6223:
6215:
6207:
6199:
6188:
6180:
6172:
6164:
6156:
6148:
6140:
6129:
6121:
6113:
6102:
6094:
6076:
6070:
6065:
6021:â slideshow by
6005:
5972:
5942:
5940:
5930:
5927:
5922:
5921:
5875:
5874:
5870:
5862:National Review
5855:
5854:
5850:
5835:
5834:
5830:
5820:
5819:
5815:
5805:
5803:
5798:
5797:
5790:
5775:
5774:
5770:
5760:
5758:
5747:
5746:
5735:
5725:
5723:
5714:
5713:
5706:
5696:
5694:
5690:
5683:
5678:
5677:
5673:
5663:
5661:
5657:
5652:
5651:
5647:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5612:
5608:
5592:
5591:
5587:
5580:Huffington Post
5574:
5573:
5569:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5534:National Review
5526:
5525:
5521:
5516:on May 4, 2012.
5513:
5506:
5502:
5501:
5497:
5487:
5485:
5474:
5473:
5469:
5459:
5457:
5454:The Denver Post
5446:
5445:
5441:
5431:
5429:
5416:
5415:
5411:
5401:
5399:
5390:
5389:
5385:
5375:
5373:
5367:
5366:
5362:
5352:
5350:
5342:Int. Her. Trib.
5335:
5334:
5330:
5314:
5313:
5309:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5284:
5282:
5275:
5271:
5270:
5266:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5237:
5235:
5227:
5223:
5222:
5215:
5205:
5203:
5194:
5193:
5186:
5176:
5174:
5160:
5159:
5155:
5150:
5146:
5141:
5137:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5109:
5107:
5102:
5101:
5097:
5089:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5066:
5064:
5050:
5049:
5045:
5035:
5033:
5020:
5019:
5015:
5005:
5003:
4996:Huffington Post
4989:
4988:
4984:
4974:
4972:
4963:
4962:
4958:
4948:
4946:
4931:
4930:
4923:
4913:
4911:
4903:
4902:
4895:
4885:
4883:
4875:
4874:
4870:
4860:
4858:
4849:
4848:
4841:
4831:
4829:
4820:
4819:
4815:
4805:
4803:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4779:
4777:
4773:
4766:
4759:
4758:
4754:
4744:
4742:
4732:
4728:
4727:
4723:
4711:
4707:
4699:
4695:
4685:
4683:
4674:
4673:
4669:
4659:
4657:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4631:
4629:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4603:
4601:
4592:
4591:
4587:
4577:
4575:
4566:
4565:
4561:
4551:
4549:
4538:
4537:
4533:
4523:
4521:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4491:
4489:
4478:
4477:
4473:
4459:
4457:
4446:
4445:
4438:
4425:
4423:
4412:
4411:
4407:
4397:
4395:
4384:
4383:
4379:
4369:
4367:
4356:
4355:
4348:
4334:
4332:
4318:
4317:
4313:
4303:
4301:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4277:
4275:
4264:
4263:
4256:
4246:
4244:
4233:
4232:
4223:
4213:
4211:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4187:
4185:
4176:
4175:
4171:
4161:
4159:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4135:
4133:
4126:Chicago Tribune
4118:
4117:
4113:
4103:
4101:
4093:
4092:
4085:
4075:
4073:
4062:
4061:
4048:
4038:
4036:
4028:
4027:
4020:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4003:
3999:
3977:
3976:
3972:
3958:
3956:
3942:
3941:
3934:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3907:
3906:
3902:
3876:
3875:
3871:
3862:
3858:
3836:
3835:
3831:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3774:
3773:
3769:
3720:(7): e0117259.
3707:
3706:
3702:
3692:
3690:
3676:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3659:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3634:
3633:
3629:
3614:
3613:
3609:
3594:
3593:
3589:
3579:
3577:
3568:
3567:
3563:
3541:
3540:
3536:
3522:
3521:
3517:
3500:
3473:
3472:
3468:
3432:
3431:
3427:
3394:
3393:
3389:
3359:
3358:
3354:
3334:
3332:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3282:
3281:
3277:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3209:
3208:
3204:
3194:
3192:
3179:
3178:
3174:
3164:
3162:
3161:. July 17, 2022
3153:
3152:
3148:
3106:
3105:
3101:
3091:
3089:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2989:
2987:
2978:
2977:
2973:
2958:
2957:
2950:
2941:
2940:
2936:
2912:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2893:
2892:
2888:
2879:
2878:
2874:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2846:
2844:
2835:
2834:
2830:
2820:
2818:
2809:
2808:
2804:
2794:
2792:
2790:russellsage.org
2784:
2783:
2779:
2770:
2769:
2765:
2756:
2755:
2751:
2729:
2728:
2724:
2711:
2710:
2706:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2599:
2598:
2594:
2582:
2578:
2566:
2562:
2548:
2544:
2531:
2527:
2518:
2514:
2504:
2502:
2498:
2487:
2483:
2482:
2478:
2468:
2466:
2458:
2457:
2453:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2430:
2429:
2422:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2386:
2384:
2353:
2352:
2348:
2338:
2336:
2322:
2321:
2314:
2304:
2302:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2269:
2267:
2259:
2258:
2254:
2246:
2239:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2205:Suicide bombing
2180:School violence
2175:School bullying
2099:
2092:
2089:
2080:
2049:Smoke canisters
2017:
2015:Countermeasures
1969:
1886:
1884:Arming teachers
1880:
1875:
1863:
1849:
1808:
1754:
1698:
1693:
1630:
1482:
1470:Main articles:
1468:
1403:mental disorder
1303:
1291:Main articles:
1289:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1228:
1219:Joshua O'Connor
1192:Charles Whitman
1184:
1172:Richard Bachman
1158:
1141:
1136:
1115:
1065:
1042:
1040:School bullying
981:
934:
932:Family dynamics
896:decision-making
831:
806:
777:
776:
752:
744:
743:
738:
663:
634:State terrorism
616:
608:
607:
593:
585:
584:
583:
579:Vehicle-ramming
572:
407:
405:
388:
387:
386:
331:
323:
322:
317:
303:Ethnic violence
284:
249:
194:
155:
144:
105:
57:school shooting
39:
28:
23:
22:
18:School Shooting
15:
12:
11:
5:
7708:
7706:
7698:
7697:
7692:
7687:
7682:
7672:
7671:
7665:
7664:
7662:
7661:
7660:
7659:
7654:
7649:
7639:
7630:
7625:
7623:Active shooter
7619:
7617:
7611:
7610:
7608:
7607:
7602:
7597:
7592:
7587:
7582:
7577:
7572:
7567:
7561:
7559:
7553:
7552:
7547:
7545:
7544:
7537:
7530:
7522:
7513:
7512:
7510:
7509:
7502:
7495:
7488:
7481:
7474:
7467:
7460:
7457:Active shooter
7452:
7450:
7444:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7436:
7426:
7418:
7408:
7398:
7394:"The Nobodies"
7390:
7380:
7370:
7359:
7357:
7353:
7352:
7350:
7349:
7339:
7331:
7321:
7311:
7301:
7291:
7281:
7270:
7268:
7264:
7263:
7261:
7260:
7250:
7240:
7230:
7220:
7210:
7205:Run Hide Fight
7200:
7190:
7180:
7170:
7162:
7152:
7142:
7132:
7122:
7112:
7102:
7092:
7082:
7072:
7062:
7052:
7042:
7032:
7022:
7014:
7004:
6994:
6984:
6976:
6966:
6956:
6946:
6936:
6926:
6916:
6905:
6903:
6894:
6890:
6889:
6886:
6885:
6883:
6882:
6874:
6866:
6858:
6850:
6842:
6834:
6826:
6818:
6810:
6802:
6794:
6786:
6778:
6770:
6762:
6753:
6751:
6747:
6746:
6744:
6743:
6735:
6727:
6719:
6711:
6703:
6695:
6687:
6679:
6671:
6663:
6655:
6647:
6639:
6631:
6623:
6615:
6607:
6599:
6591:
6583:
6575:
6566:
6564:
6560:
6559:
6557:
6556:
6548:
6540:
6532:
6524:
6516:
6508:
6500:
6492:
6484:
6476:
6468:
6460:
6452:
6444:
6436:
6428:
6420:
6412:
6403:
6401:
6394:
6384:
6383:
6380:
6379:
6377:
6376:
6368:
6360:
6352:
6344:
6336:
6328:
6320:
6312:
6304:
6296:
6288:
6280:
6272:
6264:
6256:
6247:
6245:
6241:
6240:
6238:
6237:
6229:
6221:
6213:
6205:
6196:
6194:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6178:
6170:
6162:
6154:
6146:
6137:
6135:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6119:
6110:
6108:
6104:
6103:
6101:
6100:
6091:
6089:
6082:
6072:
6071:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6056:
6049:
6041:
6035:
6034:
6028:
6016:
6011:
6004:
6003:External links
6001:
6000:
5999:
5981:(2): 358â374.
5970:
5949:
5926:
5923:
5920:
5919:
5868:
5848:
5828:
5813:
5788:
5768:
5733:
5704:
5671:
5645:
5619:
5606:
5585:
5567:
5544:
5519:
5495:
5467:
5439:
5409:
5383:
5360:
5328:
5307:
5292:
5280:Whitehouse.gov
5264:
5245:
5213:
5184:
5153:
5144:
5135:
5117:
5095:
5074:
5043:
5013:
4982:
4956:
4921:
4893:
4868:
4839:
4813:
4787:
4752:
4721:
4705:
4693:
4667:
4639:
4611:
4585:
4559:
4531:
4518:Education Week
4503:
4471:
4436:
4405:
4377:
4346:
4311:
4285:
4254:
4221:
4195:
4169:
4143:
4111:
4083:
4046:
4018:
3997:
3970:
3953:The New Yorker
3932:
3918:
3900:
3869:
3856:
3829:
3802:
3793:
3767:
3700:
3683:horrorking.com
3669:
3642:
3627:
3607:
3587:
3561:
3534:
3515:
3482:(3): 261â270.
3466:
3445:(1): 107â121.
3425:
3406:(5): 494â501.
3387:
3368:(2): 141â158.
3352:
3294:
3275:
3243:
3222:(2): 121â124.
3202:
3172:
3146:
3119:(6): 939â955.
3099:
3077:
3050:
3029:
3011:
2997:
2971:
2968:. August 2018.
2948:
2934:
2900:
2886:
2872:
2854:
2828:
2802:
2777:
2763:
2749:
2738:(4): 876â893.
2722:
2704:
2690:
2641:
2592:
2576:
2560:
2542:
2525:
2512:
2476:
2451:
2420:
2404:
2346:
2312:
2300:Atlantic Media
2277:
2252:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2210:Suicide by cop
2207:
2202:
2200:Suicide attack
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2104:
2088:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2029:active shooter
2016:
2013:
1977:Sparks, Nevada
1968:
1965:
1918:weapons effect
1914:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1882:Main article:
1879:
1876:
1874:
1871:
1862:
1859:
1848:
1845:
1807:
1804:
1753:
1750:
1727:Criminal Minds
1697:
1694:
1692:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1629:
1626:
1590:
1589:
1582:
1572:
1562:
1551:
1541:
1534:
1523:
1512:
1501:
1467:
1464:
1455:Education Week
1278:
1275:
1270:Main article:
1267:
1264:
1227:
1224:
1183:
1180:
1157:
1154:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1114:
1111:
1064:
1063:Mental illness
1061:
1041:
1038:
995:Data from the
980:
977:
939:nuclear family
933:
930:
929:
928:
925:
922:
864:nervous system
830:
827:
808:
807:
805:
804:
797:
790:
782:
779:
778:
775:
774:
769:
764:
759:
753:
750:
749:
746:
745:
740:
739:
737:
736:
731:
726:
721:
716:
706:
701:
696:
691:
686:
681:
675:
672:
671:
665:
664:
662:
661:
656:
651:
646:
640:
637:
636:
630:
629:
628:
627:
617:
614:
613:
610:
609:
606:
605:
600:
594:
591:
590:
587:
586:
582:
581:
576:
569:
562:Suicide attack
559:
554:
553:
552:
547:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
495:Hostage-taking
492:
487:
482:
480:Cyberterrorism
477:
472:
471:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
440:
430:
425:
415:
413:Agro-terrorism
409:
408:
404:
403:
400:
396:
394:
393:
390:
389:
385:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
347:Radicalization
344:
339:
333:
332:
329:
328:
325:
324:
319:
318:
316:
315:
310:
305:
300:
294:
291:
290:
289:Related topics
286:
285:
283:
282:
277:
272:
267:
261:
258:
257:
251:
250:
248:
247:
242:
237:
234:Salafi-Wahhabi
227:
222:
212:
206:
203:
202:
196:
195:
193:
192:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
161:
156:
150:
149:
146:
145:
143:
142:
137:
132:
126:
123:
122:
116:
115:
104:
101:
85:zero tolerance
73:mass shootings
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7707:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7677:
7675:
7658:
7657:by death toll
7655:
7653:
7650:
7648:
7645:
7644:
7643:
7640:
7637:
7631:
7629:
7626:
7624:
7621:
7620:
7618:
7614:Related terms
7612:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7562:
7560:
7558:
7554:
7550:
7543:
7538:
7536:
7531:
7529:
7524:
7523:
7520:
7507:
7503:
7500:
7496:
7493:
7489:
7486:
7482:
7479:
7475:
7472:
7468:
7465:
7461:
7458:
7454:
7453:
7451:
7447:Related terms
7445:
7433:
7432:
7427:
7423:
7419:
7415:
7414:
7409:
7405:
7404:
7399:
7395:
7391:
7387:
7386:
7381:
7377:
7376:
7371:
7367:
7366:
7365:Pico's School
7361:
7360:
7358:
7354:
7346:
7345:
7340:
7336:
7332:
7328:
7327:
7322:
7318:
7317:
7312:
7308:
7307:
7302:
7298:
7297:
7292:
7288:
7287:
7282:
7278:
7277:
7272:
7271:
7269:
7265:
7257:
7256:
7251:
7247:
7246:
7245:The Graduates
7241:
7237:
7236:
7231:
7227:
7226:
7221:
7217:
7216:
7211:
7207:
7206:
7201:
7197:
7196:
7191:
7187:
7186:
7181:
7177:
7176:
7171:
7167:
7163:
7159:
7158:
7153:
7149:
7148:
7143:
7139:
7138:
7133:
7129:
7128:
7123:
7119:
7118:
7113:
7109:
7108:
7103:
7099:
7098:
7097:Beautiful Boy
7093:
7089:
7088:
7087:April Showers
7083:
7079:
7078:
7073:
7069:
7068:
7063:
7059:
7058:
7053:
7049:
7048:
7043:
7039:
7038:
7033:
7029:
7028:
7023:
7019:
7015:
7011:
7010:
7005:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6991:
6990:
6985:
6981:
6977:
6973:
6972:
6967:
6963:
6962:
6957:
6953:
6952:
6947:
6943:
6942:
6937:
6933:
6932:
6927:
6923:
6922:
6917:
6913:
6912:
6907:
6906:
6904:
6898:
6895:
6891:
6879:
6875:
6871:
6867:
6863:
6859:
6855:
6851:
6847:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6831:
6827:
6823:
6819:
6815:
6811:
6807:
6803:
6799:
6795:
6791:
6787:
6783:
6779:
6775:
6771:
6767:
6763:
6759:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6748:
6740:
6736:
6732:
6728:
6724:
6720:
6716:
6712:
6708:
6704:
6700:
6696:
6692:
6688:
6684:
6680:
6676:
6672:
6668:
6664:
6660:
6656:
6652:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6636:
6632:
6628:
6624:
6620:
6616:
6612:
6608:
6604:
6600:
6596:
6592:
6588:
6584:
6580:
6576:
6572:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6561:
6553:
6549:
6545:
6541:
6537:
6533:
6529:
6525:
6521:
6517:
6513:
6512:Virginia Tech
6509:
6505:
6501:
6497:
6493:
6489:
6485:
6481:
6477:
6473:
6469:
6465:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6449:
6445:
6441:
6437:
6433:
6429:
6425:
6421:
6417:
6413:
6409:
6405:
6404:
6402:
6398:
6395:
6392:
6385:
6373:
6369:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6349:
6345:
6341:
6337:
6333:
6329:
6325:
6321:
6317:
6313:
6309:
6305:
6301:
6297:
6293:
6289:
6285:
6281:
6277:
6273:
6269:
6265:
6261:
6257:
6253:
6249:
6248:
6246:
6242:
6234:
6230:
6226:
6222:
6218:
6214:
6210:
6206:
6202:
6198:
6197:
6195:
6191:
6183:
6179:
6175:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6155:
6151:
6147:
6143:
6139:
6138:
6136:
6132:
6124:
6120:
6116:
6112:
6111:
6109:
6105:
6097:
6093:
6092:
6090:
6086:
6083:
6080:
6075:Prior to 2000
6073:
6069:
6062:
6057:
6055:
6050:
6048:
6043:
6042:
6039:
6032:
6029:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6017:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6002:
5996:
5992:
5988:
5984:
5980:
5976:
5971:
5969:
5965:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5950:
5938:
5934:
5929:
5928:
5924:
5915:
5911:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5879:
5872:
5869:
5864:
5863:
5858:
5852:
5849:
5844:
5843:
5838:
5832:
5829:
5824:
5817:
5814:
5806:September 19,
5801:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5784:
5783:
5778:
5772:
5769:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5734:
5721:
5717:
5711:
5709:
5705:
5689:
5682:
5675:
5672:
5656:
5649:
5646:
5630:
5623:
5620:
5616:
5610:
5607:
5602:
5601:
5596:
5589:
5586:
5581:
5577:
5571:
5568:
5563:
5559:
5555:
5548:
5545:
5540:
5536:
5535:
5530:
5523:
5520:
5512:
5505:
5499:
5496:
5484:
5483:
5482:The Oregonian
5478:
5471:
5468:
5456:
5455:
5450:
5443:
5440:
5427:
5423:
5419:
5413:
5410:
5397:
5393:
5387:
5384:
5371:
5364:
5361:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5332:
5329:
5324:
5323:
5318:
5311:
5308:
5303:
5296:
5293:
5281:
5274:
5268:
5265:
5260:
5256:
5249:
5246:
5233:
5226:
5220:
5218:
5214:
5202:
5198:
5191:
5189:
5185:
5172:
5168:
5164:
5157:
5154:
5148:
5145:
5139:
5136:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5118:
5106:
5099:
5096:
5088:
5084:
5078:
5075:
5067:September 16,
5062:
5058:
5054:
5047:
5044:
5036:September 28,
5031:
5027:
5023:
5017:
5014:
5006:September 28,
5001:
4997:
4993:
4986:
4983:
4970:
4966:
4960:
4957:
4944:
4940:
4939:
4934:
4928:
4926:
4922:
4910:
4906:
4900:
4898:
4894:
4882:
4878:
4872:
4869:
4857:
4853:
4846:
4844:
4840:
4827:
4823:
4817:
4814:
4802:
4798:
4791:
4788:
4772:
4765:
4764:
4756:
4753:
4740:
4739:
4731:
4725:
4722:
4718:
4715:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4697:
4694:
4681:
4677:
4671:
4668:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4643:
4640:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4615:
4612:
4600:
4596:
4589:
4586:
4574:
4570:
4563:
4560:
4548:
4547:
4542:
4535:
4532:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4507:
4504:
4500:
4488:
4487:
4482:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4456:
4455:
4450:
4443:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4422:
4421:
4416:
4409:
4406:
4393:
4392:
4387:
4381:
4378:
4366:
4365:
4360:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4330:
4326:
4322:
4315:
4312:
4300:
4296:
4289:
4286:
4274:
4273:
4268:
4261:
4259:
4255:
4243:
4242:
4237:
4230:
4228:
4226:
4222:
4209:
4205:
4199:
4196:
4184:. May 1, 2018
4183:
4179:
4173:
4170:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4144:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4122:
4115:
4112:
4100:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4084:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4059:
4057:
4055:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4035:
4031:
4025:
4023:
4019:
4007:
4001:
3998:
3993:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3955:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3928:
3922:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3896:
3892:
3888:
3884:
3880:
3873:
3870:
3866:
3860:
3857:
3852:
3848:
3844:
3840:
3839:Social Forces
3833:
3830:
3825:
3821:
3817:
3813:
3806:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3763:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3745:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3711:
3704:
3701:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3673:
3670:
3657:
3653:
3646:
3643:
3638:
3631:
3628:
3623:
3622:
3617:
3611:
3608:
3603:
3602:
3597:
3591:
3588:
3580:September 23,
3576:
3572:
3565:
3562:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3545:
3538:
3535:
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2990:September 23,
2985:
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2949:
2945:. March 2018.
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2170:Mass shooting
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2014:
2012:
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2002:In 2019, the
2000:
1996:
1992:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1964:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1930:
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1919:
1911:
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1898:
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1894:
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1857:saved lives.
1855:
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1759:
1758:The Offspring
1751:
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1745:One Tree Hill
1741:
1740:
1739:Law and Order
1735:
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1717:
1716:
1715:Beautiful Boy
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1333:
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911:impulsiveness
908:
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828:
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491:
490:Environmental
488:
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357:Training camp
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5941:. Retrieved
5937:the original
5885:
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5780:
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5755:The Takeaway
5753:
5724:. Retrieved
5719:
5697:February 24,
5695:. Retrieved
5688:the original
5674:
5664:February 24,
5662:. Retrieved
5648:
5636:. Retrieved
5622:
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5539:the original
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5480:
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5347:the original
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5279:
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5231:
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5200:
5175:. Retrieved
5173:(9): 185â208
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5098:
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5077:
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4969:the original
4959:
4947:. Retrieved
4943:the original
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4908:
4886:February 18,
4884:. Retrieved
4880:
4871:
4861:February 18,
4859:. Retrieved
4855:
4830:. Retrieved
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4804:. Retrieved
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4771:the original
4762:
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4736:
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4686:November 30,
4684:. Retrieved
4670:
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4630:. Retrieved
4623:
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4588:
4576:. Retrieved
4562:
4550:. Retrieved
4546:The Atlantic
4544:
4534:
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4516:
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4098:
4074:. Retrieved
4068:
4037:. Retrieved
4033:
4009:. Retrieved
4000:
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3964:
3957:. Retrieved
3951:
3921:
3913:the original
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3859:
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3838:
3832:
3818:(1): 55â63.
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3786:November 21,
3784:. Retrieved
3780:the original
3770:
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3691:. Retrieved
3687:the original
3682:
3672:
3660:. Retrieved
3655:
3645:
3636:
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3619:
3610:
3599:
3590:
3578:. Retrieved
3574:
3564:
3550:(3): 97â99.
3547:
3543:
3537:
3529:the original
3518:
3504:cite journal
3479:
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3469:
3442:
3438:
3428:
3403:
3397:
3390:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3333:. Retrieved
3311:
3307:
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3288:
3278:
3266:. Retrieved
3259:the original
3246:
3219:
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3205:
3193:. Retrieved
3189:the original
3184:
3175:
3163:. Retrieved
3158:
3149:
3116:
3112:
3102:
3090:. Retrieved
3080:
3072:the original
3067:
3063:
3053:
3042:
3032:
3023:
3014:
3000:
2988:. Retrieved
2983:
2974:
2963:
2937:
2920:
2916:
2903:
2889:
2883:. 1997â2014.
2875:
2866:
2857:
2847:December 31,
2845:. Retrieved
2841:the original
2831:
2821:November 18,
2819:. Retrieved
2815:the original
2805:
2793:. Retrieved
2789:
2780:
2766:
2752:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2719:. June 2015.
2716:
2707:
2693:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2609:
2605:
2595:
2579:
2571:
2563:
2553:
2545:
2528:
2515:
2503:. Retrieved
2496:the original
2479:
2467:. Retrieved
2463:
2454:
2442:. Retrieved
2433:
2413:
2407:
2385:. Retrieved
2363:
2359:
2349:
2337:. Retrieved
2333:the original
2303:. Retrieved
2293:
2268:. Retrieved
2265:Live Science
2264:
2255:
2242:
2235:
2081:
2071:
2069:
2057:
2054:
2037:panic button
2018:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1983:in Newtown,
1974:
1970:
1961:
1947:
1922:
1915:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1864:
1850:
1838:
1818:
1809:
1789:
1774:
1755:
1743:
1737:
1731:
1725:
1719:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1699:
1654:
1646:
1631:
1591:
1483:
1453:
1443:
1440:
1424:
1399:
1380:
1361:
1344:
1325:
1320:
1314:
1312:
1252:
1245:
1229:
1216:
1208:
1185:
1168:Stephen King
1161:
1159:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1125:
1120:New Republic
1119:
1116:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1090:gun violence
1077:
1074:
1058:
1051:
1043:
1032:
1028:
1023:
1022:
1017:
1016:
1011:
1005:
994:
982:
973:
969:
958:
953:
947:
935:
918:
900:
887:
879:
857:
855:
832:
811:
719:Saudi Arabia
713:Soviet Union
649:Soviet Union
544:
475:Bioterrorism
438:Animal-borne
97:
81:gun violence
61:armed attack
56:
54:
40:
34:
29:
7647:before 2000
7431:The Library
7388:(1999/2010)
7215:The Fallout
7166:"Dead Kids"
5761:October 18,
5726:October 18,
4832:January 19,
4806:January 19,
4801:www.bbc.com
4398:January 28,
4214:November 2,
4188:November 2,
4162:November 2,
3185:KXAN Austin
3092:January 23,
2195:Soft target
2165:Mass murder
2150:Gun culture
1821:gun control
1415:Eric Harris
1340:Connecticut
1246:A study by
1139:Video games
823:Alan Lipman
362:Death squad
265:Suffragette
185:Nationalist
130:Definitions
93:gun control
7674:Categories
7616:and topics
7449:and topics
7403:columbinus
7267:Literature
7235:Eric Larue
7127:Rudderless
6902:television
5905:1805/28112
5432:August 19,
4914:August 10,
4881:Song Facts
4039:January 1,
3268:January 1,
3195:August 27,
3165:August 27,
2795:January 1,
2227:References
2101:Law portal
1770:Hammerhead
1432:California
1405:, such as
1281:See also:
1156:Literature
1117:In a 2015
907:aggression
888:cell death
847:aggression
839:immaturity
659:Uzbekistan
644:Kazakhstan
510:Kidnapping
505:Insurgency
453:Improvised
280:Misogynist
89:gun rights
87:policies,
7570:2000â2009
7326:Hate List
7316:Columbine
7037:Dawn Anna
6971:Home Room
6391:full list
6079:full list
5995:144697331
5961:2050-2060
5943:March 17,
5057:Vice News
4975:March 23,
4949:March 23,
4909:Billboard
4499:releases.
4342:accounts.
4104:August 6,
4099:USA Today
4011:March 30,
3744:1932-6203
3693:August 6,
3658:. Seattle
3496:152233412
3461:152225779
3382:143967040
3330:1101-1262
3141:148745392
3133:1556-4886
2612:: 56â64.
2505:April 19,
2469:March 19,
2382:1101-1262
2220:Terrorism
2078:Aftermath
2058:In 2019,
2019:In 2015,
1923:In 2008,
1561:(10 dead)
1559:Minnesota
1550:(10 dead)
1533:(17 dead)
1522:(22 dead)
1511:(27 dead)
1500:(33 dead)
1407:psychosis
1321:USA Today
1266:By region
1182:Notoriety
1126:Columbine
954:stability
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734:Venezuela
615:Adherents
515:Lone wolf
428:Beheading
377:Lone wolf
337:Financing
330:Structure
215:Christian
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170:Communist
165:Anarchist
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6900:Film and
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5562:Archived
5261:(9): 64.
5206:April 7,
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5061:Archived
5030:Archived
5000:Archived
4938:NBC News
4780:March 1,
4745:April 8,
4573:Fox News
4486:The Hill
4364:HuffPost
4335:April 2,
4329:Archived
4299:BBC News
3959:April 1,
3824:10774842
3762:26135941
3714:PLOS ONE
3420:23511486
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2636:25176616
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2402:license.
2387:April 5,
2270:March 5,
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1953:Thailand
1777:grandson
1703:Elephant
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1588:(6 dead)
1581:(7 dead)
1571:(7 dead)
1490:Colorado
1332:Colorado
903:amygdala
876:synapses
843:violence
837:(2002),
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7337:(2014â)
7175:Vox Lux
6980:"Jimmy"
5925:Sources
5638:May 21,
5285:May 21,
5238:May 21,
5177:May 22,
4660:May 22,
4632:May 22,
4625:Reuters
4604:May 21,
4578:May 21,
4552:May 21,
4524:May 21,
4492:May 19,
4460:May 19,
4426:May 20,
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4136:May 19,
4076:May 20,
3753:4489652
3722:Bibcode
3229:1525086
3064:Sheriff
3008:. 1999.
2897:. 1996.
2869:. 2009.
2676:3091824
2627:4324055
2339:May 19,
2305:May 19,
1383:handgun
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1211:copycat
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420: (
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7309:(2003)
7299:(2002)
7289:(2001)
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7258:(2024)
7248:(2023)
7238:(2023)
7228:(2021)
7218:(2021)
7208:(2020)
7198:(2020)
7188:(2019)
7185:Safety
7178:(2018)
7168:(2018)
7160:(2016)
7150:(2015)
7140:(2014)
7130:(2014)
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7110:(2011)
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7030:(2004)
7020:(2004)
7012:(2004)
7002:(2003)
6992:(2003)
6982:(2002)
6974:(2002)
6964:(2002)
6954:(2002)
6944:(2002)
6934:(1999)
6924:(1997)
6914:(1975)
6880:(2024)
6872:(2024)
6864:(2023)
6856:(2023)
6848:(2023)
6840:(2023)
6832:(2023)
6824:(2023)
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6808:(2022)
6800:(2022)
6792:(2022)
6784:(2022)
6776:(2022)
6768:(2022)
6760:(2021)
6741:(2019)
6733:(2019)
6725:(2019)
6717:(2018)
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6701:(2018)
6693:(2018)
6685:(2017)
6677:(2017)
6669:(2017)
6661:(2016)
6653:(2016)
6645:(2016)
6637:(2015)
6629:(2015)
6621:(2014)
6613:(2013)
6605:(2013)
6597:(2012)
6589:(2012)
6581:(2012)
6573:(2010)
6554:(2008)
6546:(2008)
6538:(2008)
6530:(2007)
6522:(2007)
6514:(2007)
6506:(2006)
6498:(2006)
6490:(2006)
6482:(2006)
6474:(2005)
6466:(2005)
6458:(2003)
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6442:(2003)
6434:(2002)
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6418:(2000)
6410:(2000)
6374:(1999)
6366:(1998)
6358:(1998)
6350:(1998)
6342:(1997)
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6326:(1997)
6318:(1996)
6310:(1996)
6302:(1995)
6294:(1995)
6286:(1994)
6278:(1993)
6270:(1992)
6262:(1992)
6254:(1991)
6235:(1989)
6227:(1988)
6219:(1988)
6211:(1986)
6203:(1984)
6184:(1979)
6176:(1976)
6168:(1976)
6160:(1974)
6152:(1970)
6144:(1970)
6125:(1966)
6117:(1966)
6098:(1764)
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5488:May 4,
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5402:May 4,
5376:May 4,
5353:May 4,
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689:Kuwait
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530:Piracy
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