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individuals and communities to develop their full potentials. A school nurse works with school-aged children in the educational setting. Students experiencing illness or injury during the school day often report to the school nurse for assessment. Administering routine medications, caring for a child with a virus, or stabilizing a child until emergency services arrive after a more serious injury may all be a part of the job requirements. School nurses are well positioned to take the lead for the school system in partnering with school physicians, community physicians, and community organizations. They facilitate access to
Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program to help families and students enroll in state health insurance programs and may assist in finding a medical home for each student who needs one.
231:
highlight the impact of social determinants on health because school nursing is where the effects of environments, school funding, and chronic health conditions on the health and education of children can be seen. According to the
National Center for Education Statistics (2016), 98% of all school-aged children attend school each day. Therefore, health policies and health systems that affect these children, families, and communities must be changed on the school nursing and community nursing level. School nursing is an area of community health nursing where health initiatives can be implemented and policy change can happen on local, state, and national levels.
162:, but specialise in a school setting, rather than a domestic one. As such they normally take over public health responsibilities for children, from health visitors, once the children are over 5 and start attending school. Like health visitors, they monitor child development, and deliver certain vaccination programmes, as well as instigating the child safeguarding process when they suspect a child is being abused or neglected. Given their physical setting, they are also often called upon to provide first aid, and it is for this that they are most familiar to children.
33:
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school aged children and adolescents resulting in <1 to 10 deaths/100,000 population per year. This is thought to be in part due to the fact that inherited and acquired cardiomyopathies, arrhythmia syndromes, structural congenital heart defects, myocarditis, and coronary abnormalities that may be present in this age group may not be detected during routine sports physicals. "Since strenuous exercise can trigger deadly arrhythmias in these students, the first and potentially last symptom is sudden cardiac arrest".
222:
fewer absences by children with asthma. Nurses in schools have the unique ability to create relationships with patients who they get to see frequently. Children spend nearly 40 hours a week in a school setting and need their health needs met just the same as if they are at home. If a child is able to receive their appropriate medications and services at school then they will be less likely to stay home and therefore achieve more academically than if their school lacks nursing services.
81:
school nurse's role and workload varies, so that has an effect on whether or they are able to properly address their student's needs (National
Association or School Nurses, 2016; Yoder 2019). The presence of a school nurse varies among regions in the United States. According to Willgerodt et al., most schools on the west coast work part-time and have a higher load of students to care for versus some regions that don't have a nurse in the school (2018).
77:
health plan that accommodates the student while at school. The school nurse must be competent in management of pediatric health issues such as seizures, asthma, diabetes, and allergies. In addition to nursing skills, the school nurse must possess excellent organizational and communication skills in order to succeed. School nurses play a vital role in the reduction of absenteeism by promoting healthy practices among students and staff.
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at every local authority. This was accompanied by the 1907 Medical
Inspections Act, which required local authorities to ensure that each child received a total of at least three medical inspections during their time at school. The act established clinics within schools to treat anything discovered, but parents had to pay for treatment; after 1912 the government made small contributions towards the cost.
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64:, there are approximately 61,232–73,697 registered nurses (RNs) working in elementary and secondary schools (K-12) in the United States depending on the survey sample (- need these references: HRSA, 2010; ACS, 2013), which represents between 2.1 and 2.8% of registered nurses in the United States. According to the
121:
as the
Superintendent of Queen's Nurses. She was asked to visit a local elementary school to advise about nutrition, and was surprised to find that the students were suffering with minor ailments that were contributing to school days lost to sickness. Hughes eventually arranged for Queen's nurses to
51:
health, facilitates normal development, and advances academic success. School nurses, grounded in ethical and evidence-based practice, bridge the gap between health care and education, provide care coordination, advocate for quality student-centered care, and collaborate to design systems that allow
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Children who have chronic illnesses or live below the poverty line are more likely to end up dropping out of school. Two separate studies performed in 2017 looked at the way asthma medications were being managed in schools and found that nurses who assisted in daily corticosteroid usage resulted in
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The government reacted first by passing the 1906 Provision of School Meals Act, which allowed (but did not compel) local authorities to provide school meals, at no cost to the poor, and to raise a tax to pay for this. Then the 1907 Education Act was passed, which established a team of school nurses
80:
School nurses have the potential to have a positive effect on their young students. Previous studies have addressed their role as helping families address health needs, decrease the amount of absent days from school, and helping them advance academically (Yoder, 2019). Across the United States, the
76:
School nurses must use evidence-based practice, implement prevention programs, and properly manage student medical issues in order to improve student health. For students with acute and chronic health problems, the school nurse will collaborate with the student's physicians and parents to create a
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serving students in an educational setting. As such they have a great responsibility in promoting important health initiatives in schools across
America such as making sure that there are AEDs on school campuses and that staff are taught on how to use them. Sudden cardiac arrest is common amongst
230:
School nursing in the future is challenged to accept leadership responsibilities in shaping, developing, and implementing policies that affect schools and communities. Becoming part of school boards, public health departments, and community organizations, school nursing can affect change and
133:
to study the causes. In 1904 the committee reported back, saying that there was no general health problem, but treatable conditions had been left untreated, meaning that the conditions had worsened to the extent that they became debilitating. The committee recommended that:
68:, there are approximately 45,000 school nurses employed in the United States. About 63% of public school districts employ a full-time school nurse, while a further 19% have a part-time nurse and 18% have no nurse. School nurses are often the only
209:, who now hold local responsibility for public health. To become qualified registered school nurses, ordinary nurses undertake additional training as specialist community public health practitioners. They are regulated by the
181:
s had managed to reduce that to 3% within a decade. Skin infections of any kind, which were once common, had become a rare phenomena by the end of the century, except those which affect the soles of the feet. Under the
102:
804:
Harrington, C.B; Langhans, E; Shelef, D.Q; Savitz, M; Whitmore, C; Teach, S.J (2018). "A pilot randomized trial of school-based administration of inhaled corticosteroids for at-risk children with asthma".
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School
Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice (2011). American Nurses Association and National Association of School Nurses. Silver Springs, MD: nursesbooks.org, the publishing program of ANA.
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129:. A large proportion of army volunteers - between 40% and 60% - had been found to be medically unfit for service, so in 1903, the government set up the
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came to be seen as not being clinically cost-effective, and nit nursing was gradually withdrawn from schools.
765:
Legal Issues in School Health
Services: A Resource for School Administrators, School Attorneys, School Nurses
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791:"Building a grad nation: Progress and challenge in raising high school graduation rates: 2017 annual update"
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Classroom and
Clinics: Urban Schools and the Protection and Promotion of Child Health, 1870–1930.
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The statutory provision of school nursing in all schools in the United
Kingdom arose out of the
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Role of the school nurse in providing school health services. (1 May 2008). Retrieved from
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Yoder, C.M (2020). "School Nurses and Student Academic Outcomes: An Integrative Review".
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438:"Effective Recruitment of Schools for Randomized Clinical Trials: Role of School Nurses"
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In the mid to late 20th century, school nurses were often familiar to children as the
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Lina Rogers Struthers, first school nurse in the United States, in New York City, 1902
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visit schools; she is considered to be the first school nurse in the United Kingdom.
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Willgerodt, A.M (2018). "Public school nursing practice in the United States".
949:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Education. December 2016. NCES 2016-014
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Pollit, P (February 1994). "Lina Rogers Struthers: the first school nurse".
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709:. American Association for the History of Nursing Bulletin. Archived from
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DePaoli, J.L; Balfanz, R; Bridgeland, J; Atwell, M; Ingram, E.S. (2017).
368:"School Health as a Strategy to Improve Both Public Health and Education"
126:
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48:
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177:). In 1947, 8% of school children had lice infections, but the use of
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607:"School Nurses and Student Academic Outcomes: An Integrative Review"
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898:"School nursing and population health: Past, Present, and Future"
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1004:
549:"The Role of the 21st-Century School Nurse: Position Statement"
498:"Role of the School Nurse in Providing School Health Services"
169:- a specialist nurse who inspects children's head hair for
1000:
303:
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/121/5/1052
291:
https://www.registerednursing.org/specialty/school-nurse/
317:. National Association of School Nurses. Archived from
990:
90:
Annie McKay, first school nurse in Massachusetts, 1905
341:"AFT - Hot Topics - Every Child Needs a School Nurse"
131:
Interdepartmental Committee on Physical Deterioration
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be provided to children from extremely poor families
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A school nurse measuring the heights of students in
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980:New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2013.
158:In modern times, school nurses are comparable to
201:, school nurses fall under the general aegis of
217:Impact of school nursing on student achievement
996:American Federation of Teachers: School Nurses
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289:School nurse. (1 March 2017). Retrieved from
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138:children have medical inspections in schools
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43:, a specialized practice of public health
891:
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762:Nadine Schwab; Mary Gelfman (July 2005).
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496:Health, Council on School (1 June 2016).
469:
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947:National Center for Education Statistics
605:Yoder, Claire McKinley (February 2020).
436:Petosa, R. L.; Smith, L. (4 July 2017).
385:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040218-043727
252:
173:, and lice-eggs (colloquially known as
1233:Nursing credentials and certifications
943:"Digest of Education Statistics, 2015"
991:National Association of School Nurses
543:
541:
491:
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62:National Association of School Nurses
7:
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1521:Nursing Interventions Classification
27:Practice of public health in schools
1691:
902:Online Journal of Issues in Nursing
704:"Annie McKay: School Nurse Pioneer"
1724:Education and training occupations
205:, but are locally commissioned by
25:
417:(Boudreaux & Broussard, 2020)
315:"NASN Frequently Asked Questions"
1690:
1678:
1667:
1666:
1531:Nursing Outcomes Classification
1526:Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS)
1198:Associate of Science in Nursing
66:American Federation of Teachers
1203:Bachelor of Science in Nursing
372:Annual Review of Public Health
1:
1425:Psychiatric and mental health
819:10.1080/02770903.2017.1323915
611:The Journal of School Nursing
442:The Journal of School Nursing
211:Nursing and Midwifery Council
1218:Master of Science in Nursing
226:The future of school nursing
36:Japanese school nurse's room
914:10.3912/OJIN.Vol22No03Man03
1745:
1213:Doctor of Nursing Practice
559:(1): 56–58. January 2017.
261:"NASN | Role & Career"
1662:
1370:Women's Health Care Nurse
1105:Clinical nurse specialist
850:Journal of School Nursing
737:Journal of School Nursing
662:Journal of School Nursing
197:'s reorganisation of the
1549:International Nurses Day
1065:Licensed practical nurse
862:10.1177/1059840518824397
768:. iUniverse. p. 7.
674:10.1177/1059840517752456
623:10.1177/1059840518824397
565:10.1177/1942602X16680171
454:10.1177/1059840517717592
366:Kolbe, Lloyd J. (2019).
47:, protects and promotes
1228:Nurse Licensure Compact
896:Bergen, Martha (2017).
426:(Ackerman et al., 2016)
199:National Health Service
515:10.1542/peds.2016-0852
147:mothers be trained in
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37:
1460:Travel health nursing
1060:Clinical nurse leader
203:Public Health England
105:
85:Notable school nurses
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1285:Correctional nursing
793:. Civic Enterprises.
1619:Republic of Ireland
1395:Occupational health
1385:Nursing informatics
1161:Psych/mental health
976:Richard A. Meckel,
347:on 11 February 2005
70:health professional
1483:Nursing assessment
1345:Legal consultation
1208:Diploma in Nursing
1193:Nightingale Pledge
1120:Nurse practitioner
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1719:Community nursing
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1141:Adult-gerontology
1129:NPs by population
1110:Nurse anesthetist
1090:Advanced practice
807:Journal of Asthma
775:978-0-595-35813-7
716:on 24 August 2011
553:NASN School Nurse
207:local authorities
142:free school meals
119:Bloomsbury Square
60:According to the
16:(Redirected from
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1098:APNs by role
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1697:WikiProject
1614:Philippines
1599:New Zealand
1455:Telenursing
1405:Orthopedics
1335:Home health
1048:Generalists
743:(1): 34–6.
188:nit nursing
1713:Categories
1541:By country
1410:Pediatrics
1390:Obstetrics
1350:Management
1340:Hyperbaric
1325:Geriatrics
1146:Pediatrics
1039:Levels of
953:31 October
927:31 October
502:Pediatrics
351:5 February
115:Amy Hughes
1574:Hong Kong
1554:Australia
1365:Midwifery
1305:Emergency
1300:Education
1265:areas of
1185:licensure
1179:Education
631:1059-8405
573:1942-602X
524:0031-4005
462:1059-8405
394:0163-7525
247:Footnotes
179:nit nurse
167:nit nurse
1673:Category
1609:Pakistan
1603:timeline
1558:timeline
1450:Surgical
1400:Oncology
1380:Neonatal
1375:Military
1330:Holistic
1320:Forensic
1267:practice
1156:Neonatal
1041:practice
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878:59224948
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720:1 August
682:29343160
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639:30674219
581:28033071
532:27217476
480:28675077
402:30566386
325:1 August
275:4 August
235:See also
127:Boer War
113:In 1892
1729:Schools
1685:Commons
1653:history
1643:history
1569:Germany
1509:systems
1280:Cardiac
1032:Nursing
749:8161875
690:1052470
589:3223594
471:5726947
49:student
45:nursing
1634:Taiwan
1564:Canada
1440:School
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1594:Kenya
1589:Japan
1579:India
1516:NANDA
1445:Space
1248:NCLEX
918:S2CID
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874:S2CID
831:S2CID
714:(PDF)
707:(PDF)
686:S2CID
643:S2CID
585:S2CID
1584:Iran
1465:WOCN
1253:TEAS
1182:and
955:2020
929:2020
866:PMID
823:PMID
770:ISBN
745:PMID
722:2016
678:PMID
635:PMID
627:ISSN
577:PMID
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528:PMID
520:ISSN
476:PMID
458:ISSN
398:PMID
390:ISSN
353:2005
327:2016
277:2016
175:nits
171:lice
910:doi
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561:doi
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