44:
66:
703:
559:
could continue to be used with their current meanings, avoiding any unnecessary changes. In the subsequent recommendations of the
Committee for Fungi and Lichens, they agreed that it was desirable to conserve the genus with one of the original specimens used by the author, noting that this specimen
1974:
Schmull, Michaela; Miadlikowska, Jolanta; Pelzer, Monika; Stocker-Wörgötter, Elfie; Hofstetter, Valerie; Fraker, Emily; Hodkinson, Brendan P.; Reeb, Valerie; Kukwa, Martin; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Kauff, Frank; Lutzoni, François (2011). "Phylogenetic affiliations of members of the heterogeneous
2401:
Spribille, Toby; Björk, Curtis R.; Ekman, Stefan; Elix, John A.; Goward, Trevor; Printzen, Christian; Tønsberg, Tor; Wheeler, Tim (2009). "Contributions to an epiphytic lichen flora of northwest North
America: I. Eight new species from British Columbia inland rain forests".
2014:
Wedin, Mats; Wiklund, Elisabeth; Crewe, Anna; Döring, Heidi; Ekman, Stefan; Nyberg, Åsa; Schmitt, Imke; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten (2005). "Phylogenetic relationships of
Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) as revealed by analyses of mtSSU and nLSU rDNA sequence data".
673:
and Steven
Leavitt proposed the new order Schaereriales to contain the family, segregating the order Schaereriales from Sarrameanales. They considered the Schaereriales to have "unresolved relationships" in the parent taxon,
2102:
Kraichak, E.; Huang, J.P.; Nelsen, M.; Leavitt, S.D.; Lumbsch, H.T. (2018). "A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of
Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach".
599:
841:
is primarily based on specific traits: the chemical composition and form of the thallus, the colouration of the apothecia, and the distinctive shape and organization of ascospores within the ascus.
2156:
Lücking, Robert (2019). "Stop the abuse of time! Strict temporal banding is not the future of rank-based classifications in Fungi (including lichens) and other organisms".
3122:
2973:
3025:
2869:
2052:"A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families"
2947:
857:
species have been studied in some detail. The genus displays a varied morphology, encompassing both crustose and squamulose lichens. For instance,
2986:
3061:
694:
found flaws in their analysis and rejected the proposed split, instead retaining both
Sarrameanaceae and Schaereriaceae in the Sarrameanales.
2560:
1945:
1890:
1726:
1697:
1531:
Wijayawardene, Nalin; Hyde, Kevin; Al-Ani, Laith Khalil
Tawfeeq; Somayeh, Dolatabadi; Stadler, Marc; Haelewaters, Danny; et al. (2020).
43:
2183:
Meyer, Barbara; Printzen, Christian (2000). "Proposal for a standardized nomenclature and characterization of insoluble lichen pigments".
460:, who used it in his work on Arctic, European, and Greenlandic lichens. It subsequently fell into disuse for more than a century after
1940:. Vol. 1/2 (13 ed.). Berlin Stuttgart: Gebr. Borntraeger Verlagsbuchhandlung, Borntraeger Science Publishers. p. 149.
547:
as suggested, it avoids the need to create a new name for the same group of lichens and prevents confusion with another genus called
2438:
3074:
3117:
3107:
678:. In their analysis, which used a "temporal" method to group together comparable ordinal and family ranks, Schaereriales has a
2050:
Miadlikowska, Jolanta; Kauff, Frank; Högnabba, Filip; Oliver, Jeffrey C.; Molnár, Katalin; Fraker, Emily; et al. (2014).
2991:
3012:
2282:"The 2018 classification and checklist of lichenicolous fungi, with 2000 non-lichenized, obligately lichenicolous taxa"
2856:
461:
65:
3030:
2347:Øvstedal, D.O.; Lewis Smith, R.I. (2009). "Further additions to the lichen flora of Antarctica and South Georgia".
414:
1036:
361:
2529:
630:
asci—a characteristic of the
Pezizales. After this the family was associated with either the Teloschistineae (a
3102:
1189:
1017:
1005:
997:
989:
973:
965:
957:
926:
907:
899:
891:
871:
863:
831:
803:
791:
771:
759:
751:
708:
348:
332:
320:
418:
296:
1421:
1321:
1289:
1245:
1116:
655:
504:
488:
356:
52:
1466:
1300:
1156:
1150:
757:); apothecia that are hemiangiocarpous (meaning they open before the spores are mature); and a cup-shaped
3112:
2809:
2123:
1933:
1436:
1310:
1256:
1209:
1199:
1134:
1052:
595:
444:
369:
132:
1122:
423:
189:
1481:
1451:
1267:
1023:, with subsequent growth of paraphysoids, followed by the differentiation of ascogenous hyphae and true
2779:
2750:
2721:
2692:
2663:
2639:(Stirt.) Hertel & Gotth. Schneid., in Schneider, Biblthca Lichenol. 13: 239 (1980) [1979]"
2634:
2605:
2576:
3079:
3040:
2895:
2784:(Stirt.) Clauzade & Cl. Roux, Bull. Soc. bot. Centre-Ouest, Nouv. sér., num. spec. 7: 706 (1985)"
1385:
1349:
1278:
1128:
1104:
810:
516:
457:
389:
339:
1853:
1502:
1398:
2939:
1335:
1044:
670:
365:
3066:
1651:"Anatomical and ontogenetic studies on the lichen family Schaereriaceae (Agyriineae, Lecanorales)"
979:. The primordium eventually rises to the thallus's upper surface, with the upper part forming the
479:
2533:
1800:
1765:
1670:
1231:
1220:
1088:
1084:
1076:
987:, spherical primordia with ascogonia are observed, becoming pigmented and forming the cup-shaped
826:
798:
627:
465:
343:
205:
60:
2668:(Flot.) Hertel & Poelt, in Hawksworth, James & Coppins, Lichenologist 12(1): 107 (1980)"
1721:]. Bibliotheca Lichenologica (in German). Vol. 107. Stuttgart: J. Cramer. p. 62.
3048:
2978:
2882:
2556:
2434:
2320:
2138:
2081:
2032:
1996:
1951:
1941:
1886:
1722:
1693:
1177:
822:
734:
691:
311:
288:
3053:
2525:
2494:
2467:
2411:
2383:
2356:
2293:
2262:
2226:
2192:
2165:
2071:
2063:
2024:
1988:
1792:
1755:
1662:
1554:
1544:
1510:
1329:
1173:
675:
626:. This classification was later shown to be inappropriate as the Schaereriaceae do not have
385:
272:
117:
2847:
1854:"Record details: Schaereriaceae M. Choisy ex Hafellner, Beih. Nova Hedwigia 79: 399 (1984)"
963:
begins as groups of ascogonia forming a more or less spherical cluster, followed by coiled
730:
603:
497:
307:
284:
276:
268:
153:
107:
2360:
2122:
Kraichak, E.; Huang, J.P.; Nelsen, M.; Leavitt, S.D.; Lumbsch, H.T. (12 September 2018).
574:
is one of several dozen genera whose species were previously included in the large genus
2926:
452:) on hand. For this reason, Körber's name is not available for the genus. Despite this,
2934:
2787:
2758:
2729:
2700:
2671:
2642:
2613:
2584:
2076:
2051:
1857:
1373:
have since been reduced to synonymy, or transferred to other genera. Examples include:
702:
682:
relationship with the order
Sarrameanales. Both Schaereriales and Sarrameanales form a
635:
591:
508:
381:
2874:
3096:
2485:
Lumbsch, H.T. (1997). "Systematic studies in the suborder
Agyriineae (Lecanorales)".
2458:(Nyl. ex Hasse) Schmull & T. Sprib.: a second corticolous species in the genus".
2281:
1650:
687:
643:
432:
1575:
1549:
1532:
2887:
2325:
2311:
1618:
1343:
1144:
679:
663:
493:
428:
181:
2861:
2169:
832:
349:
299:
in 1855 and was later taken up by other lichenologists despite periods of disuse.
2832:
2374:
Gyelnik, V. (1934). "Lichenes argentinenses a professore C.C. Hosseus collecti".
1692:. Bibliotheca Lichenologica (in German). Vol. 9. J. Cramer. pp. 1–258.
3017:
2960:
2841:
2415:
2297:
2067:
927:
742:
651:
639:
475:
2471:
2230:
2028:
1060:
1024:
738:
373:
97:
17:
2553:
A monograph of the saxicolous lecideoid lichens of Australia (excl. Tasmania)
2387:
2142:
1955:
752:
2921:
2908:
1068:
1018:
1006:
998:
974:
792:
778:
619:
230:
196:
77:
2266:
2196:
2085:
2036:
2000:
958:
804:
1906:
Eriksson, O.; Hawksworth, D.L. (1985). "Outline of the Ascomycetes-1985".
990:
966:
760:
709:
2999:
2826:
2498:
1783:
Gams, Walter (1993). "Report of the Committee for Fungi and Lichens: 3".
1239:
1096:
980:
900:
892:
850:
746:
690:. In a critical review of the temporal method for lichen classification,
631:
615:
315:
172:
149:
1938:
Syllabus of Plant Families: Adolf Engler's Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien
908:
872:
864:
392:. Various lichenicolous fungi and lichens have been observed to grow on
2952:
2537:
1804:
1769:
1674:
1559:
882:
814:
782:
772:
765:. Microscopic characteristics of the Schaereriales include asci of the
726:
590:. The family Schaereriaceae was first proposed by French lichenologist
470:
333:
219:
2965:
1885:. Nova Hedwigia Beiheft. Vol. 79. Vaduz: J. Cramer. p. 399.
936:), and no distinct cortex is formed. However, the upper parts of the
786:
749:
being lecideine (having an apothecium which lacks algae and lacks an
598:
as it did not meet the criteria for publication as determined by the
321:
252:
87:
2803:
1796:
1760:
1743:
1666:
3004:
2913:
2555:. Bibliotheca Lichenologica. Vol. 34. J. Cramer. p. 313.
2431:
The sorediate and isidiate, corticolous, crustose lichens in Norway
1992:
1110:
Some lichenicolous fungi and lichens have been recorded growing on
1366:
1067:
species are typically found growing on rocky surfaces composed of
937:
933:
722:
701:
683:
583:
327:
256:
248:
614:
Hafellner noted some similarities in the characteristics of the
2807:
944:
lacks a distinct upper layer, primarily consisting of soredia.
897:
thallus on siliceous rocks, and its fruiting bodies are either
622:, and the family was included there in the 1985 version of the
600:
International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants
2900:
1649:
Lunke, Thomas; Lumbsch, H. Thorsten; Feige, G. Benno (1996).
2512:
Fryday, Alan M.; Common, Ralph S. (2001). "A new species of
1690:
Bestimmungsschlüssel europäischer Flechten. Ergänzungsheft 1
881:
has a sparsely developed, endo- to episubstral thallus with
2530:
10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104[0109:ANSOSL]2.0.CO;2
527:
as defined by Körber. The reason for this proposal is that
435:
and L. Zürn, it is clear that he was actually referring to
2697:(Sommerf.) Körb., Syst. lich. germ. (Breslau): 232 (1855)"
1619:"Lichenes Arctoi Europae Groenlandiaeque hactenus cogniti"
869:(blistered) thallus, often found on siliceous rocks, with
662:
species have shown that it occupies a relatively isolated
606:
published the family name Schaereriaceae validly in 1984.
1598:(ascomycetes lichenisati) – eine neue Art aus Norwegen".
1580:(in Latin). Breslau: Trewendt & Granier. p. 232.
342:
of the genus produces specific substances, including the
2726:(Dill. ex With.) Gyeln., Lichenotheca 9: no. 165 (1937)"
2280:
Diederich, Paul; Lawrey, James D.; Ertz, Damien (2018).
2097:
2095:
1589:
1587:
368:. However, certain species have been identified in both
1600:
Mitteilungen aus der Botanischen Staatssammlung München
1051:, however, is an exception, as it can be found in both
951:
ascomata is somewhat variable depending on species. In
338:(a thickened part of the inner wall near the tip). The
318:(fruiting bodies) with a blackened ring and a blackish
2376:
Feddes Repertorium Specierum Novarum Regni Vegetabilis
1969:
1967:
1965:
1932:
Jaklitsch, Walter; Baral, Hans-Otto; Lücking, Robert;
1715:
Gattungseponyme bei Flechten und Lichenicolen Pilzen
940:
in the thallus are pigmented brownish. In contrast,
916:
The anatomy within the genus is more consistent. In
650:
has also been included and excluded from the family
2816:
1979:sensu Zahlbruckner (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota)".
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1623:
Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis
539:to a different species that should have been named
1719:Generic eponyms in lichens and lichenicolous fungi
2244:
2242:
2240:
2208:
2206:
1876:
1874:
1043:species inhabit cold to cool climates within the
364:, primarily favours cold to cool climates of the
2755:(Hoffm.) Gyeln., Lichenotheca 9: no. 166 (1937)"
1742:Hawkworth, D.L. Hawksworth; David, K.C. (1989).
777:–the thickened inner part of an ascus tip), and
2581:(Hedw.) Gyeln., Lichenotheca 9: no. 163 (1937)"
2516:(lichenized Fungi) from the Falkland Islands".
1883:Beiträge zur Lichenologie. Festschrift J. Poelt
1507:Körb., Syst. lich. germ. (Breslau): 232 (1855)"
507:and John Charles David put forth a proposal to
2610:(Mont.) Gyeln., Lichenotheca 6: no. 21 (1937)"
2249:Kantvilas, Gintaras (1999). "A new species of
877:or marginally located apothecia. In contrast,
431:, and at the time, only species. According to
302:Distinctive characteristics of species in the
785:, thin-walled, and one-celled (i.e., lacking
725:in the order Schaereriales. These include: a
8:
2454:Schmull, Michaela; Spribille, Toby (2005). "
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
456:was accepted a few years later (in 1860) by
2487:Journal of the Hattori Botanical Laboratory
2433:. Sommerfeltia. Vol. 14. p. 294.
1410:(Stirt.) Hertel & Gotth.Schneid. (1980)
1015:, ascogonia with trichogynes appear in the
2804:
1881:Hertel, H.; Oberwinkler, F., eds. (1984).
42:
31:
2075:
1826:: lecideoide Arten der Flechtengattungen
1759:
1558:
1548:
789:). There are eight spores per ascus. The
618:between the Schaereriaceae and the order
594:in 1949, but he did not publish the name
263:, which itself is the only family in the
2105:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
1225:Björk, T.Sprib. & T.B.Wheeler (2009)
2213:Kantvilas, Gintaras (2023). "The genus
1533:"Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa"
1494:
837:. The identification of species within
531:is a well-known species under the name
1477:(Stirt.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (1985)
523:as the type species, instead of using
2056:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
1688:Poelt, Josef; Vězda, Antonín (1977).
889:, somewhat intermediate, features an
638:), the Agyriineae (a suborder of the
519:in 1874) for a group of species with
259:. It is the sole genus in the family
7:
3041:b27df513-dcbf-4bdc-b28c-d8c6245acb28
1836:Botanische Jahrbücher für Systematik
1294:(Nyl.) Clauzade & Cl.Roux (1985)
1272:(Nyl.) Schmull & T.Sprib. (2005)
861:is characterised by a squamulose to
442:, but he mistakenly believed he had
3123:Taxa named by Gustav Wilhelm Körber
1419:are now considered synonymous with
551:. By accepting this proposal, both
2158:Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences
1975:lichen-forming fungi of the genus
1160:group has been reported infesting
1059:thrives in the lowland regions of
1031:Habitat, distribution, and ecology
372:and others in warmer locales like
25:
1818:Hertal, H.; Rambold, G. (1985). "
1744:"Proposals to Conserve or Reject"
1274:– western North America; Tasmania
2361:10.1127/0029-5035/2009/0088-0157
1417:(Flot.) Hertel & Poelt 1980)
1354:Rambold & H.Mayrhofer (1989)
535:, while Körber applied the name
330:(spore-bearing cells) that lack
64:
1263:– temperate Northern Hemisphere
924:, the thallus is covered by an
741:partner (spherical unicellular
1936:(2016). Frey, Wolfgang (ed.).
1594:Hertel, H.; Zürn, L. (1986). "
1447:(Dill. ex With.) Gyeln. (1937)
1035:Collectively, the genus has a
995:. True paraphyses replace the
721:Several characteristics unite
1:
2170:10.1080/07352689.2019.1650517
801:, non-gelatinous, unbranched
492:. The genus name honours the
417:by the German lichenologist
384:, with a few variants being
2416:10.1639/0007-2745-112.1.109
2298:10.1639/0007-2745-121.3.340
2068:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003
1296:– cosmopolitan distribution
825:-coloured insoluble lichen
3139:
1577:Systema lichenum Germaniae
1326:Fryday & Common (2001)
1305:(B.de Lesd.) Gyeln. (1937)
1261:Muhr & Tønsberg (1992)
642:), or placed in the order
2551:Rambold, Gerhard (1989).
2472:10.1017/S0024282905015264
2328:: Leiden, the Netherlands
2231:10.1017/s0024282923000099
2124:"Nomenclatural novelties"
2029:10.1017/S0953756204002102
1550:10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/8
1172:As of January 2024,
1107:(lichen-dwelling) habit.
1037:cosmopolitan distribution
624:Outline of the Ascomycota
564:, but clearly belongs to
560:was erroneously labelled
543:. By conserving the name
496:pastor and lichenologist
388:(plant-dwelling) or even
362:cosmopolitan distribution
211:
204:
187:
180:
61:Scientific classification
59:
50:
41:
34:
2388:10.1002/fedr.19340331805
1283:Hertel & Zürn (1986)
1190:Schaereria albomarginata
1180:) accepts 11 species of
1071:materials. In contrast,
932:(a layer of dead fungal
1713:Hertel, Hannes (2012).
1432:(Sommerf.) Körb. (1855)
1422:Schaereria fuscocinerea
1322:Schaereria porpidioides
1290:Schaereria fuscocinerea
1250:(Schaer.) Th.Fr. (1861)
1140:Schaereria fuscocinerea
1114:species. These include
887:Schaereria fuscocinerea
885:and sessile apothecia.
845:Anatomy and development
817:and unknown compounds.
813:of this group includes
505:David Leslie Hawksworth
498:Ludwig Emanuel Schaerer
53:Schaereria fuscocinerea
3118:Taxa described in 1855
3108:Lecanoromycetes genera
2267:10.1006/lich.1998.0202
2197:10.1006/lich.2000.0294
1617:Fries, Th. M. (1860).
1462:(Hoffm.) Gyeln. (1937)
1311:Schaereria parasemella
1246:Schaereria cinereorufa
1117:Endococcus perpusillus
859:Schaereria cinereorufa
819:Schaereria cinereorufa
718:
716:Schaereria cinereorufa
686:that is sister to the
486:in 1977, and included
437:Schaereria cinereorufa
380:species often grow on
360:. The genus, having a
357:Schaereria cinereorufa
295:was first proposed by
2637:Schaereria endocyanea
2429:Tønsberg, T. (1992).
2217:Körb. in Australia".
1574:Körber, G.W. (1855).
1467:Hypocenomyce scalaris
1452:Dermatocarpon luridum
1407:Schaereria endocyanea
1394:(Mont.) Gyeln. (1937)
1381:(Hedw.) Gyeln. (1937)
1340:(Vain.) Vitik. (2004)
1315:(Nyl.) Lumbsch (1997)
1301:Schaereria gresinonis
1252:– Northern Hemisphere
821:produces a green- to
705:
419:Gustav Wilhelm Körber
297:Gustav Wilhelm Körber
2666:Schaereria tenebrosa
2579:Schaereria decipiens
2499:10.18968/jhbl.83.0_1
2017:Mycological Research
1934:Lumbsch, H. Thorsten
1596:Schaereria fabispora
1437:Ropalospora lugubris
1414:Schaereria tenebrosa
1378:Schaereria decipiens
1350:Schaereria xerophila
1279:Schaereria fabispora
1257:Schaereria corticola
1210:Schaereria australis
1200:Schaereria argentina
1135:Halecania parasitica
1049:S. fuscocinerea
1013:S. fuscocinerea
922:S. fuscocinerea
517:Theodor Magnus Fries
458:Theodor Magnus Fries
445:Ropalospora lugubris
135:& Leavitt (2018)
2782:Schaereria pissodes
2753:Schaereria ostreata
2695:Schaereria lugubris
2608:Schaereria icterica
1908:Systema Ascomycetum
1474:Schaereria pissodes
1459:Schaereria ostreata
1429:Schaereria lugubris
1391:Schaereria icterica
1369:once classified in
1336:Schaereria serenior
1138:(the last three on
1123:Buellia miriquidica
1101:S. parasemella
1045:Northern Hemisphere
953:S. cinereorufa
947:The development of
918:S. cinereorufa
811:secondary chemistry
671:H. Thorsten Lumbsch
658:that have included
566:S. cinereorufa
562:Schaereria lugubris
541:S. cinereorufa
529:S. cinereorufa
521:S. cinereorufa
489:S. cinereorufa
424:Schaereria lugubris
405:Historical taxonomy
366:Northern Hemisphere
340:secondary chemistry
190:Schaereria lugubris
2456:Schaereria dolodes
2382:(18–25): 302–309.
1482:Clauzadeana macula
1268:Schaereria dolodes
1232:Schaereria bullata
1221:Schaereria brunnea
1162:Schaereria bullata
1039:. The majority of
719:
3090:
3089:
3049:Open Tree of Life
2810:Taxon identifiers
2780:"Record Details:
2751:"Record Details:
2724:Schaereria lurida
2722:"Record Details:
2693:"Record Details:
2664:"Record Details:
2635:"Record Details:
2606:"Record Details:
2577:"Record Details:
2562:978-3-443-58013-1
2460:The Lichenologist
2321:Catalogue of Life
2255:The Lichenologist
2219:The Lichenologist
2185:The Lichenologist
1947:978-3-443-01089-8
1892:978-3-7682-5479-3
1728:978-3-443-58086-5
1699:978-3-7682-1162-8
1444:Schaereria lurida
1178:Catalogue of Life
1099:lifestyle, while
1093:S. corticola
1073:S. corticola
1057:S. xerophila
985:S. corticola
942:S. corticola
879:S. corticola
833:Cinereorufa-green
769:-type (lacking a
656:Molecular studies
350:Cinereorufa-green
240:
239:
176:
157:
136:
16:(Redirected from
3130:
3083:
3082:
3070:
3069:
3057:
3056:
3044:
3043:
3034:
3033:
3021:
3020:
3018:NHMSYS0001497116
3008:
3007:
2995:
2994:
2982:
2981:
2969:
2968:
2956:
2955:
2943:
2942:
2930:
2929:
2917:
2916:
2904:
2903:
2891:
2890:
2878:
2877:
2865:
2864:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2776:
2770:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2602:
2596:
2595:
2593:
2591:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2426:
2420:
2419:
2398:
2392:
2391:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2355:(1–2): 157–168.
2344:
2338:
2337:
2335:
2333:
2308:
2302:
2301:
2277:
2271:
2270:
2253:from Tasmania".
2246:
2235:
2234:
2210:
2201:
2200:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2128:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2099:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2047:
2041:
2040:
2011:
2005:
2004:
1971:
1960:
1959:
1929:
1916:
1915:
1903:
1897:
1896:
1878:
1869:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1850:
1844:
1843:
1834:(Lecanorales)".
1815:
1809:
1808:
1780:
1774:
1773:
1763:
1739:
1733:
1732:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1685:
1679:
1678:
1646:
1631:
1630:
1625:. 3 (in Latin).
1614:
1608:
1607:
1591:
1582:
1581:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1552:
1528:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1517:
1511:Species Fungorum
1499:
1478:
1463:
1448:
1433:
1418:
1411:
1395:
1383:is now known as
1382:
1355:
1341:
1330:Falkland Islands
1327:
1316:
1306:
1295:
1284:
1273:
1262:
1251:
1237:
1236:Kantvilas (1999)
1226:
1215:
1214:Kantvilas (2023)
1205:
1195:
1174:Species Fungorum
1157:S. saxatile
1151:S. australe
1055:. Additionally,
1020:
1008:
1000:
992:
976:
968:
960:
955:, the ascomatal
929:
910:
902:
894:
874:
866:
849:The anatomy and
834:
806:
794:
774:
762:
754:
737:; a trebouxioid
711:
676:Ostropomycetidae
582:has a different
537:S. lugubris
462:William Nylander
450:Lecidea lugubris
441:
440:(Schaer.) Th.Fr.
427:assigned as the
351:
335:
323:
306:genus include a
285:crustose lichens
273:Ostropomycetidae
271:in the subclass
234:
223:
171:
148:
131:
118:Ostropomycetidae
69:
68:
46:
32:
21:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3103:Lecanoromycetes
3093:
3092:
3091:
3086:
3078:
3073:
3065:
3060:
3052:
3047:
3039:
3037:
3029:
3024:
3016:
3011:
3003:
2998:
2990:
2985:
2977:
2972:
2964:
2959:
2951:
2946:
2938:
2933:
2925:
2920:
2912:
2907:
2899:
2894:
2886:
2881:
2873:
2868:
2860:
2855:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2812:
2802:
2792:
2790:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2734:
2732:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2703:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2633:
2632:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2589:
2587:
2575:
2574:
2570:
2563:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2511:
2510:
2506:
2484:
2483:
2479:
2453:
2452:
2448:
2441:
2428:
2427:
2423:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2373:
2372:
2368:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2331:
2329:
2310:
2309:
2305:
2279:
2278:
2274:
2248:
2247:
2238:
2212:
2211:
2204:
2182:
2181:
2177:
2164:(3): 199–253 .
2155:
2154:
2150:
2126:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2101:
2100:
2093:
2049:
2048:
2044:
2013:
2012:
2008:
1987:(5): 983–1003.
1973:
1972:
1963:
1948:
1931:
1930:
1919:
1905:
1904:
1900:
1893:
1880:
1879:
1872:
1862:
1860:
1852:
1851:
1847:
1817:
1816:
1812:
1797:10.2307/1223316
1782:
1781:
1777:
1761:10.2307/1222304
1754:(3): 493–527 .
1741:
1740:
1736:
1729:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1700:
1687:
1686:
1682:
1667:10.2307/3244438
1648:
1647:
1634:
1616:
1615:
1611:
1593:
1592:
1585:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1530:
1529:
1525:
1515:
1513:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1476:
1461:
1446:
1431:
1416:
1409:
1393:
1386:Psora decipiens
1380:
1363:
1353:
1339:
1325:
1314:
1304:
1293:
1282:
1271:
1260:
1249:
1235:
1224:
1213:
1203:
1194:Øvstedal (2009)
1193:
1170:
1148:species in the
1129:Buellia uberior
1081:S. dolodes
1033:
1022:
1010:
1003:network in the
1002:
994:
978:
970:
962:
931:
928:epinecral layer
912:
904:
896:
876:
868:
847:
836:
808:
796:
776:
764:
756:
713:
700:
654:several times.
612:
604:Josef Hafellner
586:structure than
515:(as defined by
439:
407:
402:
390:lichen-dwelling
382:siliceous rocks
353:
337:
325:
277:Lecanoromycetes
229:
217:
200:
193:
170:
147:
130:
108:Lecanoromycetes
63:
28:
27:Genus of lichen
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3136:
3134:
3126:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3095:
3094:
3088:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3071:
3058:
3045:
3035:
3022:
3009:
2996:
2983:
2970:
2957:
2944:
2931:
2918:
2905:
2892:
2879:
2866:
2853:
2838:
2822:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2801:
2800:
2788:Index Fungorum
2771:
2759:Index Fungorum
2742:
2730:Index Fungorum
2713:
2701:Index Fungorum
2684:
2672:Index Fungorum
2655:
2643:Index Fungorum
2626:
2614:Index Fungorum
2597:
2585:Index Fungorum
2568:
2561:
2543:
2524:(1): 109–114.
2518:The Bryologist
2504:
2477:
2466:(6): 527–533.
2446:
2439:
2421:
2410:(1): 109–137.
2404:The Bryologist
2393:
2366:
2339:
2303:
2292:(3): 340–425.
2286:The Bryologist
2272:
2261:(3): 231–238.
2236:
2225:(5): 297–303.
2202:
2191:(6): 571–583.
2175:
2148:
2131:Index Fungorum
2114:
2091:
2042:
2023:(2): 159–172.
2006:
1993:10.3852/10-234
1961:
1946:
1917:
1898:
1891:
1870:
1858:Index Fungorum
1845:
1810:
1791:(1): 112–118.
1775:
1734:
1727:
1705:
1698:
1680:
1655:The Bryologist
1632:
1609:
1583:
1566:
1523:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1486:
1471:
1456:
1441:
1426:
1403:
1399:Psora icterica
1362:
1361:Former species
1359:
1358:
1357:
1346:
1332:
1318:
1307:
1297:
1286:
1275:
1264:
1253:
1242:
1228:
1217:
1206:
1196:
1169:
1166:
1032:
1029:
1016:
1004:
996:
988:
972:
964:
956:
925:
906:
905:in or between
898:
890:
870:
862:
846:
843:
830:
802:
790:
770:
758:
750:
707:
699:
696:
692:Robert Lücking
636:Teloschistales
611:
610:Classification
608:
592:Maurice Choisy
421:in 1855, with
413:was named and
406:
403:
401:
398:
347:
331:
319:
261:Schaereriaceae
238:
237:
236:
235:
224:
218:Houmeau &
209:
208:
202:
201:
199:) Körb. (1855)
194:
185:
184:
178:
177:
163:
159:
158:
145:Schaereriaceae
142:
138:
137:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
18:Schaereriaceae
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3135:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3113:Lichen genera
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3081:
3076:
3072:
3068:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3050:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3001:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2932:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2902:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2871:
2867:
2863:
2858:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2839:
2834:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2806:
2789:
2785:
2783:
2775:
2772:
2760:
2756:
2754:
2746:
2743:
2731:
2727:
2725:
2717:
2714:
2702:
2698:
2696:
2688:
2685:
2673:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2656:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2630:
2627:
2615:
2611:
2609:
2601:
2598:
2586:
2582:
2580:
2572:
2569:
2564:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2508:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2481:
2478:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2450:
2447:
2442:
2440:82-7420-015-2
2436:
2432:
2425:
2422:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2397:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2370:
2367:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2349:Nova Hedwigia
2343:
2340:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2315:
2307:
2304:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2276:
2273:
2268:
2264:
2260:
2256:
2252:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2237:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2152:
2149:
2144:
2140:
2136:
2132:
2125:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2046:
2043:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2010:
2007:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1978:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1928:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1913:
1909:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1859:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1841:
1838:(in German).
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1779:
1776:
1771:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1738:
1735:
1730:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1706:
1701:
1695:
1691:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1633:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1613:
1610:
1605:
1602:(in German).
1601:
1597:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1578:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1543:: 1060–1456.
1542:
1538:
1534:
1527:
1524:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1498:
1495:
1489:
1484:
1483:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1468:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1423:
1415:
1408:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1392:
1389:; similarly,
1388:
1387:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1345:
1338:
1337:
1333:
1331:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1308:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1287:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1241:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1223:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1204:Gyeln. (1934)
1202:
1201:
1197:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1175:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1158:
1153:
1152:
1147:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1106:
1105:lichenicolous
1102:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1089:wood-dwelling
1086:
1082:
1078:
1077:bark-dwelling
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1053:polar regions
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1030:
1028:
1026:
1021:
1014:
1009:
1001:
999:paraphysoidal
993:
986:
982:
977:
969:
961:
954:
950:
945:
943:
939:
935:
930:
923:
919:
914:
911:
903:
895:
888:
884:
880:
875:
867:
860:
856:
852:
844:
842:
840:
835:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
807:
800:
797:contains non-
795:
788:
784:
780:
775:
768:
763:
755:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
717:
712:
704:
697:
695:
693:
689:
688:Baeomycetales
685:
681:
677:
672:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
645:
644:Sarrameanales
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
621:
617:
609:
607:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
567:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
501:
499:
495:
491:
490:
485:
481:
480:Antonín Vězda
477:
473:
472:
467:
464:placed it in
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
446:
438:
434:
433:Hannes Hertel
430:
426:
425:
420:
416:
415:circumscribed
412:
404:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
376:(Australia).
375:
371:
370:polar regions
367:
363:
359:
358:
352:
345:
341:
336:
329:
324:
317:
313:
309:
305:
300:
298:
294:
290:
289:live on rocks
286:
282:
278:
275:of the class
274:
270:
266:
265:Schaereriales
262:
258:
254:
250:
246:
245:
232:
228:
225:
221:
216:
213:
212:
210:
207:
203:
198:
192:
191:
186:
183:
179:
174:
169:
168:
164:
161:
160:
155:
151:
146:
143:
140:
139:
134:
129:
128:Schaereriales
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
112:
109:
106:
103:
102:
99:
96:
93:
92:
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
55:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
2817:
2793:13 September
2791:. Retrieved
2781:
2774:
2764:13 September
2762:. Retrieved
2752:
2745:
2735:13 September
2733:. Retrieved
2723:
2716:
2706:13 September
2704:. Retrieved
2694:
2687:
2677:13 September
2675:. Retrieved
2665:
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2648:13 September
2646:. Retrieved
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1984:
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1937:
1911:
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1661:(1): 53–63.
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1145:Sclerococcum
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766:
753:amphithecium
720:
715:
714:ascomata of
680:sister group
668:
664:phylogenetic
659:
647:
623:
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579:
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469:
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355:
303:
301:
292:
283:species are
280:
264:
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243:
242:
241:
226:
214:
188:
182:Type species
166:
165:
144:
127:
51:
35:
29:
2961:iNaturalist
2842:Wikispecies
2062:: 132–168.
1560:10481/61998
1503:"Synonymy:
1356:– Australia
1216:– Australia
1019:algal layer
1007:hamathecium
975:trichogynes
853:of several
851:development
793:hamathecium
743:green algae
706:Closeup of
698:Description
652:Lecideaceae
640:Lecanorales
578:. However,
553:Ropalospora
549:Ropalospora
476:Josef Poelt
400:Systematics
227:Ropalospora
3097:Categories
2848:Schaereria
2818:Schaereria
2514:Schaereria
2314:Schaereria
2251:Schaereria
2215:Schaereria
1842:: 469–501.
1832:Tephromela
1824:Armeniacae
1629:: 103–398.
1606:: 477–483.
1537:Mycosphere
1505:Schaereria
1490:References
1371:Schaereria
1182:Schaereria
1112:Schaereria
1065:Schaereria
1061:Queensland
1041:Schaereria
1025:paraphyses
959:primordium
949:Schaereria
855:Schaereria
839:Schaereria
805:paraphyses
779:ascospores
767:Schaereria
739:photobiont
735:squamulose
666:position.
660:Schaereria
648:Schaereria
628:operculate
588:Schaereria
572:Schaereria
557:Schaereria
545:Schaereria
533:Schaereria
525:Schaereria
513:Schaereria
484:Schaereria
454:Schaereria
448:(formerly
411:Schaereria
394:Schaereria
378:Schaereria
374:Queensland
312:squamulose
304:Schaereria
293:Schaereria
281:Schaereria
244:Schaereria
215:Hafellnera
167:Schaereria
114:Subclass:
98:Ascomycota
94:Division:
36:Schaereria
2922:FloraBase
2870:AusLichen
2833:Q10663129
2332:5 January
2143:2049-2375
1981:Mycologia
1956:429208213
1317:– Finland
1097:epiphytic
1069:siliceous
991:excipulum
967:ascogonia
829:known as
823:turquoise
781:that are
761:excipulum
710:lecideine
669:In 2018,
620:Pezizales
511:the name
503:In 1989,
396:species.
386:epiphytic
346:known as
314:thallus,
255:-forming
231:A.Massal.
197:A.Massal.
154:Hafellner
84:Kingdom:
78:Eukaryota
3000:MycoBank
2935:Fungorum
2875:30019823
2827:Wikidata
2086:24747130
2037:15839100
2001:21642348
1828:Lecanora
1365:Several
1285:– Norway
1240:Tasmania
1227:– Canada
1176:(in the
1083:is both
981:hymenium
901:immersed
893:areolate
815:depsides
747:ascomata
731:crustose
729:that is
632:suborder
616:hymenium
509:conserve
466:synonymy
316:ascomata
308:crustose
206:Synonyms
150:M.Choisy
141:Family:
74:Domain:
2979:1308365
2953:2599680
2538:3244921
2111:: 1–17.
2077:4185256
1977:Lecidea
1914:: 1–77.
1820:Lecidea
1805:1223316
1770:1222304
1675:3244438
1479:is now
1464:is now
1449:is now
1434:is now
1396:is now
1168:Species
1095:has an
909:areolae
883:soredia
873:sessile
865:bullate
827:pigment
799:amyloid
783:hyaline
727:thallus
634:of the
596:validly
580:Lecidea
576:Lecidea
471:Lecidea
344:pigment
279:. Most
220:Cl.Roux
162:Genus:
133:Lumbsch
124:Order:
104:Class:
3080:988607
3067:SCHAE2
3062:PLANTS
3054:365634
3038:NZOR:
3031:129545
2992:191968
2966:174993
2914:1SHRRG
2862:130729
2559:
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1822:sect.
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1132:, and
1103:has a
938:hyphae
934:hyphae
809:. The
773:tholus
409:Genus
334:tholus
326:, and
253:lichen
233:(1860)
222:(1984)
175:(1855)
156:(1984)
3075:WoRMS
2974:IRMNG
2927:27555
2901:22623
2888:643DL
2534:JSTOR
2137:: 1.
2127:(PDF)
1801:JSTOR
1785:Taxon
1766:JSTOR
1748:Taxon
1717:[
1671:JSTOR
1405:Both
1142:). A
1085:bark-
1011:. In
983:. In
971:with
787:septa
684:clade
584:ascus
494:Swiss
468:with
287:that
269:order
267:, an
257:fungi
249:genus
247:is a
173:Körb.
88:Fungi
3026:NCBI
3005:4882
2987:ITIS
2948:GBIF
2940:4882
2909:EPPO
2857:APNI
2795:2023
2766:2023
2737:2023
2708:2023
2679:2023
2650:2023
2621:2023
2592:2023
2557:ISBN
2435:ISBN
2334:2024
2139:ISSN
2082:PMID
2033:PMID
1997:PMID
1952:OCLC
1942:ISBN
1887:ISBN
1865:2021
1830:und
1723:ISBN
1694:ISBN
1518:2021
1412:and
1367:taxa
1087:and
920:and
723:taxa
555:and
478:and
429:type
328:asci
322:disk
3013:NBN
2896:EoL
2883:CoL
2526:doi
2522:104
2495:doi
2468:doi
2412:doi
2408:112
2384:doi
2357:doi
2294:doi
2290:121
2263:doi
2227:doi
2193:doi
2166:doi
2135:375
2072:PMC
2064:doi
2025:doi
2021:109
1989:doi
1985:103
1840:107
1793:doi
1756:doi
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