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Since the establishment of the new laws required a thorough examination of the subject, Shcherbatov believed that "laws should be composed by a few impartial people, reasonable, familiar, hardworking and devoted to state affairs ". Comparing laws in the various forms of government, Shcherbatov pointed out the advantage of the monarchy, which, having its solid established laws could provide for its
1308:"generates divisions, parties, hatred and evil, which in essence were a result of those destructive passions". The democratic governments "gnaws at its own entrails dividing into various parties, which in various troubled times are tossed like a ship on a stormy sea, often escaping being sunk by the skill of the pilot, but even more often perishing, sometimes even right at the dock".
1251:. He wrote about changes made in Russia by Peter's reforms, drawing his attention not only to changes in political and military areas, but also in the field of culture, specifying that due to Europeanization, "in the matter of personal and certain other matters, one can say we truly enjoyed remarkable success and moved forward with giant steps to correcting how we appear to others".
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reward for good character and excellent knowledge of arts. Shcherbatov stood for the preservation of serfdom, arguing that the peasants, being uneducated, would not be able to properly use their freedom. He also believed that the problems of serfdom could be solved, not by destroying it, but gradually as a result of changes in attitude and treatment of
1258:(who reigned as an Empress of Russia from 28 June 1762 until 1796), Shcherbatov participated in the Established Commission (1767–1771). He supported the elimination of cards on the Table of Ranks and the expansion of the rights of the Russian nobility. However, he was not a pure "court" ideologist, caring only about "narrow interests", as some
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In that work, Shcherbatov developed his system for the prosperity and well-being of society, the basis of which lay in the idea that honor and respect for the monarch should not be rooted in any form of egoistic servility or hope of receiving a reward. He also supported the idea of a structure within
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who belonged to merchants and worked in their factories, Shcherbatov considered it necessary to have them registered in their places but not allowing any more to be bought. As far as those serfs who were registered at the factories, he proposed to free them little by little, giving them freedom as a
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and the authorities. Their lives are dependent, in the first place, on their natural freedom, and after that to their civil responsibilities, which do not try to limit the freedom save only to impose certain duties in relation to the society. In this sense, he believed that people should honour and
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or Peter the Great (who ruled Russia from 7 May 1682 until his death in 1725) in his writings was quite ambiguous. In one of his drafts "An examination of defects and autocracy of Peter the Great" (1782), he openly criticized Peter, arguing that what he did for the prosperity of Russia can be done
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Rejecting autocracy as a form of government, Scherbatov wrote "yet there is torture, in which there are no other laws and regulations except for the insane self-will of the despot". The
Russian views on legislation were a result of the practical work of Shcherbatov in various public institutions.
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and laws". However, the majority of the governors, being subject to various "passions", could not meet the given characteristics. The aristocratic board was not comprehensible to Russia yet. Failure or unwillingness of people to suppress their excessive ambition, selfishness and lust for power
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society that is divided into several hierarchical classes, according to which the life of every citizen is regulated. At the top of the pyramid is the king, who should not be seen as almighty but as "the first among equals". Then come the landlords and merchants. The lowest is the class of
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as the one who esteems himself father of the people, who does not reject legislation to establish autocracy, who does not divide his interests with the interests of the State and who is adept at choosing councillors among people, combining diligence to their sovereign with love for
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by more humane means, resulting in smaller losses even though it might take a longer period of time. In
Shcherbatov's opinion, without foreign borrowing and the autocracy of Peter the Great, significantly much more time would have been needed for the Russian Enlightenment and
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of public funds, servility, etc. There was also criticism of the methods of Peter the Great by which he promoted "obscure people" and in turn led to a state crisis. Yet, Shcherbatov tried to be unbiased and to show both the positive and negative sides of Peter's
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opponents meanwhile could have captured the country. Yet, Shcherbatov was aware that, apart from the personal weaknesses, the roughness and cruelty of the autocrat were caused by the viciousness of the time. Peter was forced by the time to be a despot.
1184:. His belonging to the oldest of Russian families may explain Scherbatov's lifelong interest in the national history. In a series of articles published in 1759-61 he defended serfdom and upheld ancient privileges of nobility which had been repealed by
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obey the laws; relationships inside society lie on humane principles and respect for each other and for the monarch, wherein a framework may be created for social balance and political peace within the boundaries of the country.
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1113:. He was known as a statesman, historian, writer and philosopher, and was one of the most visible representatives of the nascent Russian conservatism during the second half of the 18th century.
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commission (1767), was a member of a private commission of the middle-class people, a member of the Board of Trade (1770), a president of the
Chamber Council and a Senator (1779).
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In 1768 he received the position of historiographer and was appointed a Chief Herald of the Senate. In his view the political ideal was to follow the
British example of a
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In one of his most famous works "On the corruption of morals in Russia" Shcherbatov criticized the mass abuses committed by the authorities, such as
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1203:. He caught the attention of the Empress and was appointed imperial historian in 1768 and president of a ministry in 1778. He worked in the
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state would require that their masters treat them humanely, provide for their needs, respect their work and refrain from harsh punishment.
1282:: "Various Opinions about Government" and "General Thoughts about Legislation". In those works, he distinguished four forms of government:
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and a few other western languages. From 1767 onwards, Shcherbatov was in the public service and held responsible posts. He represented the
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1132:. Until the end of his life he had a vast collection of 40,000 volumes in his home library. Like all educated people of that time he knew
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with separation of powers. He found a certain analogy to this ideal in Pre-Petrian Russia when, in his opinion,
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Ideas about the state system received development in
Shcherbatov's utopian work "A Journey to the Land of
1218:. He thought that inequality was inherent to human nature and illustrated this tenet in the first Russian
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Nowadays
Scherbatov's ideas still attract the attention of Russian and foreign researchers of Russian
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and considered the monarchic government the most comprehensible. Shcherbatov saw the ideal
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Shcherbatov, M M, and A Lentin (trans). "On the
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movement and are fervently discussed in numerous books and articles.
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was confined to the use of such aristocratic organ as the
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M. M. Shcherbatov received a good-formal education. He studied
1105:. His view of human nature and social progress is kindred to
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Honorary members of the Saint
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N.D.Chechulin, "Russian Social Novels, XVIII century", 1892
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researchers are inclined to think. In regard to attached
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1207:from 1779 to 1786.
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484:Shcherbatov
479:Shafarevich
314:Reactionism
286:Irredentism
281:Imperialism
261:Bureaucracy
219:Slavophilia
202:All-Russian
163:Eurasianism
45:Shcherbatov
41:family name
1377:Categories
1305:motherland
1126:literature
1122:philosophy
979:Liberalism
865:Kievlyanin
710:von Ungern
685:Rostopchin
650:Nicholas I
546:Literature
509:Tikhomirov
419:Dostoevsky
391:White Army
309:Patriotism
245:Principles
175:Monarchism
157:Ideologies
116:Occupation
81:1733-07-22
33:patronymic
18:Scherbatov
1296:democracy
1288:despotism
1273:landlords
1193:Yaroslavl
1161:autocracy
1146:Yaroslavl
1111:pessimism
1080:‹See Tfd›
859:(Defunct)
793:For Truth
675:Rodzianko
640:Malyshkin
534:Zhukovsky
464:Prokhanov
454:Obolensky
256:Autocracy
251:Authority
207:Christian
1338:peasants
1318:property
1314:citizens
1284:monarchy
1280:politics
1130:medicine
855:Elementy
720:Vladimir
645:Mizulina
630:Kornilov
610:Dubrovin
499:Strakhov
474:Semyonov
449:Leontiev
439:Karamzin
192:Putinism
187:Populism
168:Duginism
130:a series
1342:utopian
1300:monarch
1269:farmers
1240:bribery
1142:Italian
1118:history
1092:Russian
1084:Russian
1073:Prince
1002:Silovik
787:Defunct
742:Parties
725:Volodin
705:Tolstoy
695:Slutsky
690:Shulgin
680:Rogozin
635:Luzhkov
625:Kolchak
620:Gryzlov
615:Durnovo
529:Wrangel
524:Vikulov
494:Sorokin
469:Rozanov
414:Aksakov
356:History
344:Statism
180:Tsarism
1260:Soviet
1220:utopia
1205:Senate
1182:Moscow
1165:Boyars
1138:German
1134:French
900:Znamya
893:Zavtra
766:Rodina
746:Active
715:Uvarov
700:Surkov
660:Pikhno
605:Butina
577:(1973)
557:(1821)
519:Uvarov
514:Tikhon
504:Surkov
444:Katkov
307:
89:Moscow
31:, the
1325:Ophyr
1264:serfs
1150:Nakaz
1107:Swift
848:Media
670:Putin
434:Ilyin
429:Frank
424:Dugin
212:Ultra
1329:king
1294:and
1128:and
1101:and
567:1925
266:Duty
97:Died
75:Born
1271:by
1109:'s
43:is
35:is
1379::
1286:,
1275:.
1242:,
1188:.
1140:,
1124:,
1120:,
1086::
132:on
1077:(
1062:e
1055:t
1048:v
83:)
79:(
47:.
20:)
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