590:
35:
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164:, India is lagging in science and technology compared to developed countries. India has only 140 researchers per 1,000,000 population, compared to 4,651 in the United States. India invested US$ 3.7 billion in science and technology in 2002–2003. For comparison, China invested about four times more than India, while the United States invested approximately 75 times more than India on science and technology. Research and development spending grew to US$ 17.2 in 2020–2021.
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On 18 November 2008, the Moon Impact probe was released from
Chandrayaan-1 at a height of 100 km (62 mi). During its 25-minute descent, Chandra's Altitudinal Composition Explorer (CHACE) recorded evidence of water in 650 mass spectra readings gathered during this time. On 24 September 2009
167:
While India has increased its output of scientific papers fourfold between 2000 and 2015 overtaking Russia and France in absolute number of papers per year, that rate has been exceeded by China and Brazil; Indian papers generate fewer cites than average, and relative to its population it has few
403:
on 2 December 1972. On this basis, the concept of creating a holding company to manage inputs and outputs under one umbrella was mooted. This led to the formation of Steel
Authority of India Ltd. The company, incorporated on 24 January 1973 with an authorized capital of Rs. 2000 crore, was made
667:
Chandrayaan-2 was launched on 22 July 2019. It was a partial success: The team wanted to send an additional lander with rover Vikram with the original orbiter in it, to mark India's terrestrial presence on Moon, but the signal connection was lost about 2.1 km (1.3 mi) above the lunar
533:
Bangalore is considered to be the technological capital of India. IT, biotechnology, aerospace, nuclear science, manufacturing technology, automobile engineering, chemical engineering, ship building, space science, electronics, computer science and other medical science related research and
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4722:
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Education—provided by the government of India—was free and compulsory up to the Age of 14. More emphasis was paid to the enhancement of vocational and technical skills. J. P. Naik, member-secretary of the Indian
Education Commission, commented on the educational policies of the time:
668:
surface. Over several months team tried to resume contact with lander, but ended up with no success. Later, by the late
February 2020, it was claimed that an Indian software engineer from Chennai living in USA studied the NASA data of the proposed crashed site and found the Lander.
502:
On 25 June 2002, India and the
European Union agreed to bilateral cooperation in the field of science and technology. A joint EU-India group of scholars was formed on 23 November 2001 to further promote joint research and development. India holds Associate Member State status at
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The Indian economy underwent economic reforms in 1991, leading to a new era of globalisation and international economic integration. Economic growth of over 6% annually was seen between 1993 and 2002. Same year a new permanent
Antarctic base
271:. The enormous population rise, however, would balance the gains. The economically beleaguered country was nevertheless able to build a large scientific workforce, second in numbers only to that of the United States and the Soviet Union.
525:
for holding back innovation and scientific research in India, making it difficult to sustain progress while regressive social organisation prevails. In addition, corruption and inefficiencies in the research sector and have resulted in
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820:(INSA) is based in New Delhi, India. According to its charter, the historical aim of the INSA was to be similar to the Royal Society, London, a gathering of learned people to exchange ideas and further science.
279:
The main justification for the larger outlay on educational reconstruction is the hypothesis that education is the most important single factor that leads to economic growth the development of science and
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477:
was created in 1986 under the
Ministry of Science and Technology. Both the Indian private sector and the government have invested in the medical and agricultural applications of biotechnology. Massive
315:(1962) came as a rude awakening to military preparedness. Military cooperation with the Soviet Union—partially aimed at developing advanced military technology—was pursued during subsequent years. The
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is a future planned, "in-development-process" space module to send the Indian astronauts into space, who are being trained in Russia. The plan is to establish a new "space-station" other than the
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India's Mars
Orbiter Mission successfully entered Mars' orbit Wednesday morning, becoming the first nation to arrive on its first attempt and the first Asian country to reach the Red Planet.
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India aimed "to convert India's economy into that of a modern state and to fit her into the nuclear age and do it quickly." It was understood that India had not been at the forefront of the
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259:. The result of the efforts between 1947 and 1962 saw the area under irrigation increase by 45 million acres (180,000 km), food production rise by 34 million
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in Asia and the number of scientific publications grew by 45% over the five years to 2007. However, according to former Indian science and technology minister
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wavelengths) observations, featuring adaptive optics to assist in correcting image blur. The TMT will be at the highest altitude of all the proposed
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102:(IIT)—conceived by a 22-member committee of scholars and entrepreneurs in order to promote technical education—was inaugurated on 18 August 1951 at
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The
Ministry of Steel and Mines drafted a policy statement to evolve a new model for managing industry. The policy statement was presented to the
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India became the first Asian nation to reach the Red Planet when its indigenously made unmanned spacecraft entered the orbit of Mars on
Wednesday
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Dutta, Soumitra; Lanvin, Bruno; Wunsch-Vincent, Sacha; LeĂłn, Lorena Rivera; World Intellectual Property Organization (13 November 2023).
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The Indian Government acquired the EVS EM computers from the Soviet Union, which were used in large companies and research laboratories.
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India has become the first nation to send a satellite into orbit around Mars on its first attempt, and the first Asian nation to do so.
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lie in the early acquisition of nuclear reactor technology from several western countries, particularly the American support for the
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The idea of science academies in India has evolved along with the Indian independence movement. The three major science academies
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were established in India while the government provided tax deduction for research and development under biotechnological firms.
308:
these institutions were conceived by a 22-member committee of scholars and entrepreneurs under the chairmanship of N. R. Sarkar.
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lie in Hindustan Steel Private Limited (1954), the events leading up to the formation of the modern avatar are described below:
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India's first reactor (Apsara) and a plutonium reprocessing facility, as photographed by a US satellite on 19 February 1966
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India was ranked ninth worldwide in 2023 and recorded faster growth than China in this year, albeit from a lower base.
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Radio broadcasting was initiated in 1927 but became state responsibility only in 1930. In 1947 it was given the name
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743:. The telescope has government-level support from several R&D spending nations: China, Japan, Canada and India.
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Chandrayaan-3 is a next planned mission of sending only the lander with rover inside on the Moon, with the Japan's
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74:—a physicist considered to be 'the father of India's space program'—was instrumental in the creation of both the
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of his time in Bangalore (now Bengaluru), Karnataka (formerly known as the State of Mysore), India.," ⠀⠀
424:, the Alloy Steel Plant and the Salem Steel Plant. In 1978 SAIL was restructured as an operating company.
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332:. Limited duration of television programming began in 1959, and complete broadcasting followed in 1965.
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Indian agriculture benefited from the developments made in the field of biotechnology, for which the
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Space Programs Outside the United States: All Exploration and Research Efforts, Country by Country
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2059:
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1428:
1185:"Nature Index 2024 Research Leaders: India follows in China's footsteps as top ten changes again"
1166:
694:
409:
405:
384:, and sending astronauts into space. India sustained its nuclear program during the aftermath of
368:
The Indian space program received only financial support from the Soviet Union, which helped the
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1964:
Sankar, U.(2007). The Economics of India's Space Programme, Oxford University Press, New Delhi.
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17:
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2016:
1995:
1980:
1965:
1954:
1940:
1925:
1911:
1896:
1602:
1225:
1158:
1016:
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400:
365:(2008) describes the measures taken by the Indian government to increase agricultural output:
249:
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The Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) is a planned, eighteen story, astronomical observatory and
441:
235:
194:
87:
1325:
601:
The Mars Orbiter Mission, also called "Mangalyaan", was launched on 5 November 2013 by the
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1506:
Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India. Retrieved on 13 February 2021.
1144:
816:(ISCA) and National Institute of Science of India (NISI) with Meghnad Saha's blessings,
48:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
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1521:"Draft 5th National Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy for public consultation"
925:
385:
377:
146:
1906:
Ketkar, Prafulla (2006). "European Union, Relations with (Science and technology)" in
832:
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1731:"India becomes first Asian nation to reach Mars orbit, joins elite global space club"
1702:"India's Mars satellite successfully enters orbit, bringing country into space elite"
652:
648:
644:
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223:
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The Government of India has passed four policy documents on science and technology:
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1935:
Prabhu, Joseph (2006). "Institutions and Philosophies, Traditional and Modern" in
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were all founded in the pre-independence era (pre-1947) between 1930 and 1935.
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67:
507:, while a joint India-EU Software Education and Development Centre is due at
244:(1950) fixed investment levels, prescribed priorities, divided funds between
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journal reported that the Chandrayaan-1 had detected water ice on the Moon.
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264:
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as well in the late 1950s and early 1960s along with the regional RECs (now
103:
1162:
1888:
Desai, Ashok V. (2006). "Information and other Technology Development" in
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2949:
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India's rank based on number of Gold Medals in last 10 years(2014-2023):
732:
417:
187:
For the history of science and technology in pre-Independence India, see
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1221:
6611:
2088:
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2063:
2047:
466:
150:
1789:"Water on the Moon: Direct evidence from Chandrayaan-1's Moon Impact…"
1457:"CSIR Tech. Pvt. Ltd: Its controversial past and its uncertain future"
6678:
1949:
Raja, Rajendran (2006). "Nuclear weapons testing and development" in
724:
693:. India has kept itself from being part of the program, to show its "
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118:
114:
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126:
66:
1504:
Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy 2020. Background Note.
864:
Performance of Indian students in International Science Olympiads
440:. More missions were subsequently sent each year to India's base
432:
was started when the first Indian expedition was flagged off for
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may have delayed the inception of nuclear technology in India.
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629:
and the first nation to do so on its first attempt was India.
437:
28:
1828:
1424:"Scientist blames caste for India's backwardness in research"
263:, installed power generating capacity increase by 79 million
953:
History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent
189:
History of science and technology in the Indian subcontinent
605:(ISRO). It is India's first interplanetary mission, making
534:
development are occurring on a large scale in the country.
1975:
Sharma. Shalendra D.(2006). "Biotechnology Revolution" in
1879:
E-Commerce. (2006: from Computers and Information Systems)
1858:
776:
Also referred to colloquially as the "Bangalore Academy",
1920:
Khan, Sultanat Aisha (2006). "Russia, relations with" in
1843:
404:
responsible for managing five integrated steel plants at
2011:
Vrat, Prem (2006). "Indian Institutes of Technology" in
1807:
O on the Surface of the Moon Seen by M on Chandrayaan-1"
1603:"Manmohan Singh formally announces India's Mars mission"
1089:"India lagging in science and technology, says official"
141:
to rapidly develop the Indian space program and advance
2116:
Pursuit and promotion of science: The Indian Experience
1760:"India's spacecraft reaches Mars orbit ... and history"
1525:
Ministry of Science and Technology, Government of India
988:
Principal Scientific Adviser to the Government of India
844:
3723:
Bureau of Police Research and Development (BPR&D)
1578:"India Announces Mars Mission One Week After Landing"
804:
in 1930 in Allahabad (Prayag), Uttar Pradesh, India.
2073:"Implementation of the Scientific Policy Resolution"
2015:, edited by Stanley Wolpert. 229–231. Thomson Gale:
1994:, edited by Stanley Wolpert. 146–149. Thomson Gale:
1979:, edited by Stanley Wolpert. 154–157. Thomson Gale:
1953:, edited by Stanley Wolpert. 253–254. Thomson Gale:
1924:, edited by Stanley Wolpert. 419–422. Thomson Gale:
1895:, edited by Stanley Wolpert. 269–273. Thomson Gale:
94:, initiated reforms to promote higher education and
7099:
7090:
6992:
6922:
6736:
6458:
6349:
6309:
6051:
5900:
5869:
5619:
5488:
5428:
5380:
5332:
5262:
5149:
5126:
4928:
4793:
4688:
4657:
4393:
4262:
4202:
4154:
4106:
4036:
3923:
3900:
3807:
3779:
3713:
3662:
3653:
3589:
3482:
3407:
3359:
3297:
3186:
3098:
3062:
3034:
2978:
2907:
2802:
2769:
2726:
2705:
2637:
2549:
2426:
2385:
2308:
2273:
2235:
1845:
Home Page of the National Academy of Sciences India
568:
National Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy
156:India accounts for about 10% of all expenditure on
133:(NIT). Beginning in the 1960s, close ties with the
3571:Governors, Lieutenant Governors and Administrators
1939:, edited by Stanley Wolpert. 23–27. Thomson Gale:
1910:, edited by Stanley Wolpert. 48–51. Thomson Gale:
252:, and divided resources between the state and the
570:, is in the draft and public consultation stage.
1990:Sharma, Shalendra D. (2006). "Globalization" in
1860:Home Page of the Indian National Science Academy
494:was founded and remains in operation till date.
201:was a nuclear physicist known as "father of the
2048:"Growth and Failures of India's Science Policy"
1282:
1280:
1278:
1083:
1081:
562:Science, Technology, and Innovation Policy 2013
397:
380:satellites, developing India's first satellite—
277:
6436:
6029:
5097:
2512:
2454:Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
2165:
1066:
1064:
544:
537:In 2017, India became an associate member of
317:Defence Research and Development Organisation
8:
2439:National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research
1216:. World Intellectual Property Organization.
697:". The program was, too, delayed due to the
511:. Certain scientists and activists, such as
292:On 18 August 1951 the minister of education
1830:Home Page of the Indian Academy of Sciences
1803:"Character and Spatial Distribution of OH/H
812:Founded in 1935 based on a proposal by the
304:in West Bengal. Possibly modeled after the
267:, and an overall increase of 94 percent in
7311:History of science and technology in India
7096:
6443:
6429:
6421:
6036:
6022:
6014:
5104:
5090:
5082:
4790:
4770:
3897:
3884:
3659:
3595:
3479:
3466:
3031:
3018:
2546:
2533:
2519:
2505:
2497:
2172:
2158:
2150:
1392:
1390:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1213:Global Innovation Index 2023, 15th Edition
968:History of Science and Technology in India
539:European Organization for Nuclear Research
374:Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station
7062:Relationship between religion and science
3733:Directorate of Revenue Intelligence (DRI)
3613:Fundamental rights, principles and duties
1409:
1407:
1405:
1346:
1344:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1152:
147:the first nuclear test explosion by India
3675:Central Industrial Security Force (CISF)
1072:"India lagging behind in S&Tt: Govt"
588:
218:The office of the Hijli Detention Camp (
2677:Achaemenid conquest of the Indus Valley
1303:
1301:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1028:
1004:
983:Science and technology studies in India
796:The founder and first president of the
238:, and science and technology in India.
5998:
5189:Securities and Exchange Board of India
3963:Securities and Exchange Board of India
3070:National Geological Monuments of India
2133:Where India Lagged? - Glimpse of India
2046:Sharma, Dhirendra (18 December 1976).
1054:
1052:
1050:
978:Science and Engineering Research Board
530:and undermine innovation initiatives.
372:achieve aims such as establishing the
234:, and hence made an effort to promote
3763:Research and Analysis Wing (R&AW)
3728:Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI)
2071:Udgaonkar, B. M. (26 December 1970).
1681:"India Launches Mars Orbiter Mission"
1628:Bal, Hartosh Singh (30 August 2012).
545:India's science and technology policy
388:, the country's first nuclear tests.
306:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
5988:
2480:
1531:from the original on 21 January 2021
168:scientists. In the quality-adjusted
3758:National Investigation Agency (NIA)
3680:Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF)
3369:Autonomous administrative divisions
814:Indian Science Congress Association
798:National Academy of Sciences, India
792:National Academy of Sciences, India
766:National Academy of Sciences, India
3748:Joint Intelligence Committee (JIC)
2434:Ministry of Science and Technology
2119:. Indian National Science Academy.
1103:"Reviving India's R&D Funding"
625:. The first Asian nation to reach
603:Indian Space Research Organisation
559:Science and Technology Policy 2003
370:Indian Space Research Organisation
328:and since 1957 it has been called
139:Indian Space Research Organisation
76:Indian Space Research Organisation
25:
7082:Sociology of scientific knowledge
7077:Sociology of scientific ignorance
7030:History and philosophy of science
5169:Ministry of Commerce and Industry
3943:Ministry of Commerce and Industry
3685:Indo-Tibetan Border Police (ITBP)
2970:Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF)
131:National Institutes of Technology
7279:
7267:
6404:
6395:
6394:
5997:
5987:
5978:
5977:
5113:
2479:
2468:
2467:
2141:Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
2123:Special report: Physics in India
2004:Schwartzberg, Joseph E. (2008).
1809:. Science Mag. 15 September 2009
932:
918:
904:
831:
556:Technology Policy Statement 1983
113:. More IITs were soon opened in
33:
7306:Science and technology in India
6045:Science and technology in Asia
2986:History of India (1947–present)
2181:Science and technology in India
2111:Indian National Science Academy
1576:Walton, Zach (15 August 2012).
1455:Reddy, Prashant (20 May 2012).
818:Indian National Science Academy
808:Indian National Science Academy
758:Indian National Science Academy
96:science and technology in India
18:Science and Technology in India
6471:Analytic–synthetic distinction
6362:British Indian Ocean Territory
3753:Narcotics Control Bureau (NCB)
3705:Special Protection Group (SPG)
3695:Railway Protection Force (RPF)
2013:Encyclopedia of India (vol. 2)
1992:Encyclopedia of India (vol. 2)
1977:Encyclopedia of India (vol. 1)
1951:Encyclopedia of India (vol. 3)
1937:Encyclopedia of India (vol. 2)
1922:Encyclopedia of India (vol. 3)
1908:Encyclopedia of India (vol. 2)
1432:. 25 July 2013. Archived from
553:Science Policy Resolution 1958
298:Indian Institute of Technology
100:Indian Institute of Technology
1:
5701:Electronics and semiconductor
4848:Engineering colleges in India
4477:Electronics and semiconductor
3690:National Security Guard (NSG)
3434:World Heritage Sites in India
2104:India: Science and technology
2077:Economic and Political Weekly
2052:Economic and Political Weekly
1354:. 70south.com. Archived from
1127:Van Noorden, Richard (2015).
1091:. scidev.net. 29 August 2006.
824:Biosafety facilities in India
780:(IAS) was founded in 1934 by
719:to be built on the summit of
393:Steel Authority of India Ltd.
3738:Enforcement Directorate (ED)
3559:State legislative assemblies
3399:States and union territories
3108:Biogeographic classification
349:Tarapur Atomic Power Station
175:India is ranked 40th in the
80:Physical Research Laboratory
6804:Hypothetico-deductive model
6779:Deductive-nomological model
6764:Constructivist epistemology
4905:Water supply and sanitation
3670:Border Security Force (BSF)
3415:National monuments of India
2106:. U.S. Library of Congress.
747:Institutions and facilities
475:Department of Biotechnology
355:. The peaceful policies of
222:) served as the calling of
220:photographed September 1951
7332:
5184:Central Statistical Office
3958:Central Statistical Office
3564:State legislative councils
3539:Union Council of Ministers
2245:Inventions and discoveries
2029:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
2008:. Encyclopædia Britannica.
786:Nobel laureate in physicis
778:Indian Academy of Sciences
772:Indian Academy of Sciences
762:Indian Academy of Sciences
752:Science academies in India
727:. The TMT is designed for
708:
642:
636:
593:Artist's rendering of the
582:
430:Indian Antarctic Programme
357:Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
186:
7258:
6865:Semantic view of theories
6784:Epistemological anarchism
6721:dependent and independent
6390:
5973:
5214:Foreign exchange reserves
5209:Foreign direct investment
5179:Economic Advisory Council
4838:Medical colleges in India
4789:
4769:
3988:Foreign exchange reserves
3983:Foreign direct investment
3953:Economic Advisory Council
3896:
3883:
3700:Sashastra Seema Bal (SSB)
3598:
3478:
3465:
3080:Sacred mountains of India
3030:
3017:
2652:Indus Valley Civilisation
2545:
2532:
2462:
2187:
2025:Wolpert, Stanley (2008).
1479:"India's Top Tech Cities"
958:List of Indian inventions
717:extremely large telescope
613:to reach Mars, after the
469:Media Centre in Bangalore
42:This article needs to be
6607:Intertheoretic reduction
6596:Ignoramus et ignorabimus
6573:Functional contextualism
6111:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
5350:Multi Commodity Exchange
4124:Multi Commodity Exchange
3743:Intelligence Bureau (IB)
1383:Biotechnology Revolution
675:. It was delayed due to
391:Though the roots of the
386:Operation Smiling Buddha
158:research and development
7092:Philosophers of science
6870:Scientific essentialism
6819:Model-dependent realism
6754:Constructive empiricism
6647:Evidence-based practice
6372:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
5194:Enforcement Directorate
3968:Enforcement Directorate
3429:Indian-origin religions
3420:National parks of India
3229:Highest point by states
2991:Economic liberalisation
2427:Institutes and programs
2083:(52): 2091, 2093–2095.
1883:Encyclopædia Britannica
963:Communications in India
294:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
177:Global Innovation Index
111:Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
92:prime minister of India
7175:Alfred North Whitehead
7165:Charles Sanders Peirce
5790:Science and technology
5726:Information technology
5415:Government initiatives
4938:Arts and entertainment
4573:Science and technology
4509:Information technology
4189:Government initiatives
3085:Sacred rivers of India
3075:Sacred groves of India
2629:Science and technology
1328:Background and History
1129:"India by the numbers"
948:Biotechnology in India
711:Thirty Meter Telescope
705:Thirty Meter Telescope
598:
566:The fifth policy, the
470:
459:
426:
345:nuclear power in India
289:
282:
227:
206:
203:Indian nuclear program
143:nuclear power in India
106:in West Bengal by the
83:
7274:Philosophy portal
7025:Hard and soft science
7020:Faith and rationality
6889:Scientific skepticism
6669:Scientific Revolution
6452:Philosophy of science
5307:Reserve Bank of India
4895:Socio-economic issues
4843:Law colleges in India
4833:Universities in India
4081:Reserve Bank of India
2884:Independence movement
2682:Indo-Parthian Kingdom
1891:Encyclopedia of India
1011:Burleson, D. (2008).
639:Chandrayaan programme
633:Chandrayaan programme
623:European Space Agency
592:
465:
455:
287:
269:industrial production
232:Industrial Revolution
217:
197:
108:minister of education
86:After independence,
70:
7000:Criticism of science
6875:Scientific formalism
6759:Constructive realism
6664:Scientific pluralism
6637:Problem of induction
6286:United Arab Emirates
5395:Economic development
5239:Voluntary guidelines
5234:Industrial licensing
4169:Economic development
4013:Voluntary guidelines
4008:Industrial licensing
3138:Environmental issues
2920:Non-Aligned Movement
2697:Seleucid–Mauryan war
1510:on 13 February 2021.
1335:7 April 2008 at the
973:Open access in India
699:pandemic of COVID-19
615:Soviet space program
595:Mars Orbiter Mission
585:Mars Orbiter Mission
319:was formed in 1958.
199:Homi Jehangir Bhabha
7067:Rhetoric of science
7005:Descriptive science
6749:Confirmation holism
6642:Scientific evidence
6602:Inductive reasoning
6531:Demarcation problem
6313:limited recognition
5157:Ministry of Finance
3931:Ministry of Finance
2935:Indo-Pakistani wars
2879:Partition of Bengal
2288:Research institutes
2260:Measurement systems
2146:Indian contribution
1766:. 24 September 2014
1737:. 24 September 2014
1735:The Washington Post
1708:. 24 September 2014
1661:. 25 September 2014
1655:"India's Mars Shot"
1527:. 22 January 2021.
1222:10.34667/tind.46596
1145:2015Natur.521..142V
1074:. 17 February 2009.
528:corruption scandals
457:Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam
242:Planning Commission
7286:Science portal
7215:Carl Gustav Hempel
7170:Wilhelm Windelband
7057:Questionable cause
6880:Scientific realism
6701:Underdetermination
6536:Empirical evidence
6526:Creative synthesis
5807:Telecommunications
5333:Financial services
5254:Atmanirbhar Bharat
5174:Finance Commission
4900:Standard of living
4590:Telecommunications
4107:Financial services
4028:Atmanirbhar Bharat
3948:Finance Commission
3113:Biosphere reserves
2869:Bengal Renaissance
2857:Commander-in-Chief
2822:East India Company
2418:Technology writers
2370:Telecommunications
2091:– via JSTOR.
2066:– via JSTOR.
1877:Alexander, Steve.
1659:The New York Times
1634:The New York Times
1429:The Times of India
1015:. McFarland. 136.
843:. You can help by
599:
579:Mars Orbit Mission
519:VA Shiva Ayyadurai
471:
460:
296:, inaugurated the
290:
228:
207:
149:on 18 May 1974 at
84:
7316:Indian inventions
7293:
7292:
7135:
7134:
7047:Normative science
6904:Uniformitarianism
6659:Scientific method
6553:Explanatory power
6418:
6417:
6355:other territories
6011:
6010:
5536:Jammu and Kashmir
5162:Finance ministers
5079:
5078:
5075:
5074:
5071:
5070:
4765:
4764:
4761:
4760:
4310:Jammu and Kashmir
3936:Finance ministers
3879:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3867:Women in politics
3842:Political parties
3775:
3774:
3771:
3770:
3581:Chief Secretaries
3554:State governments
3549:Cabinet Secretary
3502:Foreign relations
3461:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3013:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3001:COVID-19 pandemic
2874:Political reforms
2494:
2493:
2222:National calendar
2125:, Matin Durrani,
2058:(51): 1969–1971.
1970:978-0-19-568345-5
1358:on 6 October 2008
1286:Schwartzberg 2008
1139:(7551): 142–143.
940:Technology portal
861:
860:
677:COVID-19 pandemic
574:Space exploration
516:systems scientist
63:
62:
16:(Redirected from
7323:
7284:
7283:
7272:
7271:
7270:
7245:Bas van Fraassen
7200:Hans Reichenbach
7180:Bertrand Russell
7097:
6923:Philosophy of...
6706:Unity of science
6499:Commensurability
6445:
6438:
6431:
6422:
6408:
6398:
6397:
6367:Christmas Island
6053:Sovereign states
6038:
6031:
6024:
6015:
6001:
6000:
5991:
5990:
5981:
5980:
5965:Mumbai Consensus
5531:Himachal Pradesh
5420:Numbering system
5410:Green revolution
5285:Historical Forex
5120:Economy of India
5118:
5117:
5106:
5099:
5092:
5083:
5034:Physical culture
4855:Ethnic relations
4791:
4771:
4753:Mumbai Consensus
4305:Himachal Pradesh
4194:Numbering system
4184:Green revolution
4059:Historical Forex
3898:
3885:
3857:Scheduled groups
3660:
3596:
3480:
3467:
3449:Tourism in India
3444:History of India
3439:Culture of India
3049:Geology of India
3032:
3019:
2950:Naxal Insurgency
2945:White Revolution
2940:Green Revolution
2547:
2534:
2521:
2514:
2507:
2498:
2483:
2482:
2471:
2470:
2365:Renewable energy
2283:Higher education
2250:Maritime history
2174:
2167:
2160:
2151:
2092:
2067:
1864:
1863:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1779:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1756:
1750:
1749:
1744:
1742:
1727:
1721:
1720:
1715:
1713:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1668:
1666:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1630:"BRICS in Space"
1625:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1609:. 15 August 2012
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1573:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1562:
1547:
1541:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1517:
1511:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1452:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1400:
1394:
1385:
1379:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1348:
1339:
1323:
1317:
1314:
1308:
1305:
1296:
1293:
1287:
1284:
1273:
1270:
1257:
1254:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1181:
1175:
1174:
1156:
1124:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1113:
1099:
1093:
1092:
1085:
1076:
1075:
1068:
1059:
1056:
1045:
1042:
1023:
1009:
942:
937:
936:
928:
923:
922:
914:
909:
908:
907:
856:
853:
835:
828:
729:near-ultraviolet
723:in the state of
442:Dakshin Gangotri
236:higher education
88:Jawaharlal Nehru
58:
55:
49:
37:
36:
29:
21:
7331:
7330:
7326:
7325:
7324:
7322:
7321:
7320:
7296:
7295:
7294:
7289:
7278:
7268:
7266:
7254:
7235:Paul Feyerabend
7195:Michael Polanyi
7131:
7117:Galileo Galilei
7086:
7072:Science studies
6988:
6918:
6909:Verificationism
6814:Instrumentalism
6799:Foundationalism
6774:Conventionalism
6732:
6568:Feminist method
6454:
6449:
6419:
6414:
6386:
6354:
6345:
6326:Northern Cyprus
6312:
6305:
6047:
6042:
6012:
6007:
5969:
5896:
5865:
5775:Pharmaceuticals
5615:
5484:
5424:
5390:COVID-19 impact
5376:
5328:
5258:
5145:
5122:
5112:
5110:
5080:
5067:
5039:Public holidays
4924:
4870:Life expectancy
4785:
4784:
4757:
4684:
4653:
4558:Pharmaceuticals
4389:
4258:
4198:
4164:COVID-19 impact
4150:
4102:
4032:
3919:
3892:
3871:
3803:
3767:
3709:
3649:
3645:District Courts
3585:
3576:Chief Ministers
3474:
3453:
3403:
3355:
3293:
3267:Western coastal
3262:Eastern coastal
3249:Mountain passes
3182:
3168:Protected areas
3094:
3090:Stones of India
3058:
3026:
3005:
2974:
2960:Space programme
2930:Sino-Indian War
2925:Five-Year Plans
2903:
2798:
2765:
2756:Delhi Sultanate
2722:
2713:Middle kingdoms
2706:Middle Kingdoms
2701:
2633:
2541:
2528:
2525:
2495:
2490:
2458:
2422:
2408:Science writers
2403:Nobel laureates
2381:
2360:Pharmaceuticals
2331:High-speed rail
2304:
2300:Science museums
2269:
2231:
2183:
2178:
2099:
2070:
2045:
2037:
2035:Further reading
2032:
1868:
1867:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1827:
1826:
1822:
1812:
1810:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1787:
1786:
1782:
1769:
1767:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1740:
1738:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1711:
1709:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1674:
1664:
1662:
1653:
1652:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1627:
1626:
1622:
1612:
1610:
1601:
1600:
1596:
1586:
1584:
1575:
1574:
1570:
1560:
1558:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1534:
1532:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1502:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1462:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1449:
1439:
1437:
1436:on 28 July 2013
1422:
1421:
1417:
1412:
1403:
1395:
1388:
1380:
1371:
1361:
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4174:Liberalisation
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7058:
7055:
7053:
7050:
7048:
7045:
7041:
7040:Pseudoscience
7038:
7037:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7006:
7003:
7001:
6998:
6997:
6995:
6991:
6983:
6980:
6978:
6975:
6973:
6970:
6968:
6965:
6963:
6960:
6958:
6955:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6946:
6943:
6942:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6927:
6925:
6921:
6915:
6912:
6910:
6907:
6905:
6902:
6900:
6899:Structuralism
6897:
6895:
6892:
6890:
6887:
6885:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6862:
6861:Received view
6859:
6857:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6839:
6835:
6832:
6830:
6827:
6825:
6822:
6820:
6817:
6815:
6812:
6810:
6807:
6805:
6802:
6800:
6797:
6795:
6792:
6790:
6787:
6785:
6782:
6780:
6777:
6775:
6772:
6770:
6769:Contextualism
6767:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6752:
6750:
6747:
6745:
6742:
6741:
6739:
6735:
6729:
6726:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6713:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6695:
6692:
6690:
6687:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6680:
6677:
6675:
6672:
6670:
6667:
6665:
6662:
6660:
6657:
6655:
6652:
6648:
6645:
6644:
6643:
6640:
6638:
6635:
6633:
6630:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6605:
6603:
6600:
6598:
6597:
6593:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6547:
6544:
6543:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6520:
6517:
6516:
6515:
6512:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6493:
6490:
6489:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6482:
6478:
6474:
6472:
6469:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6446:
6441:
6439:
6434:
6432:
6427:
6426:
6423:
6411:
6407:
6403:
6401:
6393:
6392:
6389:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6357:
6352:
6348:
6342:
6339:
6337:
6336:South Ossetia
6334:
6332:
6329:
6327:
6324:
6322:
6319:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6308:
6302:
6299:
6297:
6294:
6292:
6289:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6277:
6274:
6272:
6269:
6267:
6264:
6262:
6259:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6182:
6179:
6177:
6174:
6172:
6169:
6167:
6164:
6162:
6159:
6157:
6154:
6152:
6149:
6147:
6144:
6142:
6139:
6137:
6134:
6132:
6129:
6127:
6124:
6122:
6119:
6117:
6114:
6112:
6109:
6107:
6104:
6102:
6099:
6097:
6094:
6092:
6089:
6087:
6084:
6082:
6079:
6077:
6074:
6072:
6069:
6067:
6064:
6062:
6059:
6058:
6056:
6054:
6050:
6046:
6039:
6034:
6032:
6027:
6025:
6020:
6019:
6016:
6004:
5996:
5994:
5986:
5984:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5966:
5963:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5955:Insurance Act
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5945:Companies Act
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5914:
5911:
5910:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5903:
5899:
5893:
5890:
5888:
5885:
5883:
5880:
5878:
5875:
5874:
5872:
5868:
5862:
5859:
5857:
5854:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5796:
5795:Biotechnology
5793:
5792:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5729:
5727:
5724:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5706:Entertainment
5704:
5702:
5699:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5671:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5638:
5635:
5633:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5606:Uttar Pradesh
5604:
5602:
5599:
5597:
5594:
5592:
5589:
5587:
5584:
5582:
5579:
5577:
5574:
5572:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5562:
5559:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5507:
5504:
5502:
5499:
5497:
5494:
5493:
5491:
5487:
5479:
5476:
5474:
5471:
5469:
5466:
5465:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5439:
5437:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5427:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5387:
5385:
5383:
5379:
5371:
5368:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5358:
5356:
5353:
5351:
5348:
5346:
5343:
5341:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5331:
5325:
5322:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5308:
5305:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5290:Digital rupee
5288:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5271:
5268:
5267:
5265:
5261:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5249:Make in India
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5204:Foreign trade
5202:
5200:
5199:External debt
5197:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5187:
5185:
5182:
5180:
5177:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5167:
5163:
5160:
5159:
5158:
5155:
5154:
5152:
5148:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5129:
5125:
5121:
5116:
5107:
5102:
5100:
5095:
5093:
5088:
5087:
5084:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5057:
5054:
5050:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5042:
5040:
5037:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5013:
5010:
5009:
5008:
5005:
5003:
5000:
4998:
4995:
4993:
4990:
4988:
4985:
4983:
4980:
4976:
4973:
4972:
4971:
4968:
4964:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4949:
4946:
4944:
4941:
4939:
4936:
4935:
4933:
4931:
4927:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4829:
4826:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4798:
4796:
4792:
4788:
4781:
4777:
4776:
4772:
4768:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4743:Insurance Act
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4733:Companies Act
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4697:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4687:
4681:
4678:
4676:
4673:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4656:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4616:
4613:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4607:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4596:
4593:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4579:
4578:Biotechnology
4576:
4575:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4539:
4535:
4532:
4530:
4527:
4525:
4522:
4520:
4517:
4516:
4515:
4512:
4510:
4507:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4490:
4488:
4485:
4483:
4482:Entertainment
4480:
4478:
4475:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4449:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4403:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4396:
4392:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4380:Uttar Pradesh
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4346:
4343:
4341:
4338:
4336:
4333:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4261:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4245:
4243:
4240:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4226:
4223:
4222:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4201:
4195:
4192:
4190:
4187:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4161:
4159:
4157:
4153:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4099:
4096:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4064:Digital rupee
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4023:Make in India
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3978:Foreign trade
3976:
3974:
3973:External debt
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3937:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3922:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3905:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3886:
3882:
3868:
3865:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3812:
3810:
3806:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3786:
3784:
3782:
3778:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3720:
3718:
3716:
3712:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3667:
3665:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3652:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3638:
3636:
3635:Chief Justice
3633:
3631:
3630:Supreme Court
3628:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3588:
3582:
3579:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3518:
3515:
3513:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3505:
3503:
3500:
3498:
3497:Energy policy
3495:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3481:
3477:
3473:
3468:
3464:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3426:
3423:
3421:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3352:
3349:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3258:
3257:Indo-Gangetic
3255:
3254:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3191:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3164:
3161:
3159:
3156:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3097:
3091:
3088:
3086:
3083:
3081:
3078:
3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3041:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3016:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2977:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:The Emergency
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2897:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
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2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
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2708:
2704:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2687:Kushan Empire
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2662:Mahajanapadas
2660:
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2655:
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2368:
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2354:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2348:Nuclear power
2346:
2342:
2339:
2338:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2322:
2321:Biotechnology
2319:
2317:
2314:
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2311:
2307:
2301:
2298:
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2156:
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2152:
2145:
2144:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2128:
2127:Physics World
2124:
2121:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2086:
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2078:
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2053:
2049:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2022:
2021:0-684-31351-0
2018:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2001:
2000:0-684-31351-0
1997:
1993:
1989:
1986:
1985:0-684-31350-2
1982:
1978:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1960:
1959:0-684-31352-9
1956:
1952:
1948:
1946:
1945:0-684-31351-0
1942:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1930:0-684-31352-9
1927:
1923:
1919:
1917:
1916:0-684-31351-0
1913:
1909:
1905:
1902:
1901:0-684-31351-0
1898:
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1522:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1485:. 7 June 2005
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1459:. SpicyIP.com
1458:
1451:
1448:
1435:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1419:
1416:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1398:Globalization
1393:
1391:
1387:
1384:
1381:Sharma 2006,
1378:
1376:
1374:
1370:
1357:
1353:
1347:
1345:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1329:
1326:SAIL (2008).
1322:
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1231:9789280534320
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1035:
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1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:0-7864-1852-4
1018:
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1005:
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889:
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871:
870:
869:
863:
855:
846:
842:
839:This section
837:
834:
830:
829:
823:
821:
819:
815:
810:
809:
805:
803:
799:
794:
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787:
783:
779:
774:
773:
769:
767:
763:
759:
751:
746:
744:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
712:
704:
702:
700:
696:
695:self reliance
692:
688:
681:
679:
678:
674:
669:
665:
663:
662:
654:
653:Chandrayaan-3
650:
649:Chandrayaan-2
646:
645:Chandrayaan-1
640:
632:
630:
628:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
596:
591:
586:
578:
573:
571:
569:
561:
558:
555:
552:
551:
550:
542:
540:
535:
531:
529:
524:
520:
517:
514:
510:
506:
497:
495:
493:
484:
482:
480:
479:biotech parks
476:
468:
464:
458:
454:
447:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
428:In 1981, the
425:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
402:
396:
394:
389:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
366:
364:
360:
358:
354:
351:and Canada's
350:
346:
343:The roots of
338:
336:
333:
331:
327:
326:
320:
318:
314:
309:
307:
303:
299:
295:
286:
281:
276:
272:
270:
266:
262:
258:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
237:
233:
225:
224:IIT Kharagpur
221:
216:
209:
204:
200:
196:
190:
182:
180:
178:
173:
171:
165:
163:
159:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
81:
77:
73:
69:
65:
57:
45:
40:
31:
30:
27:
19:
7250:Larry Laudan
7230:Imre Lakatos
7185:Otto Neurath
7160:Karl Pearson
7150:Pierre Duhem
7122:Isaac Newton
7052:Protoscience
7010:Epistemology
6884:Anti-realism
6882: /
6863: /
6854: /
6840: /
6838:Reductionism
6836: /
6809:Inductionism
6789:Evolutionism
6594:
6481:a posteriori
6480:
6476:
6351:Dependencies
6281:Turkmenistan
6246:Saudi Arabia
6125:
5789:
5654:Construction
5436:Billionaires
5270:Indian rupee
5019:Martial arts
4943:Architecture
4816:Demographics
4801:Caste system
4778:Society and
4572:
4428:Construction
4210:By net worth
4044:Indian rupee
3847:Reservations
3715:Intelligence
3618:Human rights
3603:Constitution
3361:Subdivisions
3054:Indian Plate
3044:Fossil Parks
2979:Contemporary
2894:World War II
2771:Early Modern
2761:Vijayanagara
2657:Vedic period
2527:India topics
2478:
2466:
2192:Architecture
2180:
2142:
2137:
2114:
2103:
2080:
2076:
2055:
2051:
2026:
2012:
2005:
1991:
1976:
1950:
1936:
1921:
1907:
1889:
1878:
1871:Bibliography
1859:
1853:
1844:
1838:
1829:
1823:
1813:26 September
1811:. Retrieved
1797:
1783:
1775:
1770:24 September
1768:. Retrieved
1763:
1754:
1746:
1741:24 September
1739:. Retrieved
1734:
1725:
1717:
1712:24 September
1710:. Retrieved
1706:The Guardian
1705:
1696:
1684:. Retrieved
1675:
1665:27 September
1663:. Retrieved
1658:
1649:
1637:. Retrieved
1633:
1623:
1611:. Retrieved
1606:
1597:
1585:. Retrieved
1582:Web Pro News
1581:
1571:
1561:27 September
1559:. Retrieved
1557:. NASA. 2013
1554:
1551:"Mangalyaan"
1545:
1533:. Retrieved
1524:
1515:
1499:
1487:. Retrieved
1482:
1473:
1461:. Retrieved
1450:
1438:. Retrieved
1434:the original
1427:
1418:
1397:
1396:Sharma 2006
1382:
1360:. Retrieved
1356:the original
1327:
1321:
1316:Wolpert 2008
1312:
1291:
1235:. Retrieved
1212:
1205:
1195:23 September
1193:. Retrieved
1189:Nature Index
1188:
1179:
1136:
1132:
1122:
1112:23 September
1110:. Retrieved
1106:
1097:
1012:
1007:
912:India portal
867:
849:
845:adding to it
840:
811:
807:
806:
802:Meghnad Saha
795:
791:
790:
775:
771:
770:
755:
735:(0.31 to 28
733:mid-infrared
714:
685:
670:
666:
659:
656:
611:space agency
600:
567:
565:
548:
536:
532:
501:
498:2001–present
488:
472:
427:
398:
390:
376:, launching
367:
361:
342:
334:
329:
323:
321:
310:
291:
278:
273:
240:
229:
219:
174:
170:Nature Index
166:
155:
137:enabled the
135:Soviet Union
95:
90:, the first
85:
64:
51:
43:
26:
7240:Ian Hacking
7225:Thomas Kuhn
7210:Karl Popper
7190:C. D. Broad
7107:Roger Bacon
7035:Non-science
6977:Linguistics
6957:Archaeology
6852:Rationalism
6842:Determinism
6829:Physicalism
6794:Fallibilism
6744:Coherentism
6674:Testability
6627:Observation
6622:Objectivity
6583:alternative
6514:Correlation
6504:Consilience
6410:Asia portal
6311:States with
6231:Philippines
6171:South Korea
6166:North Korea
6061:Afghanistan
5950:Banking Act
5935:SARFESI Act
5856:Electricity
5684:Oil and gas
5674:Electricity
5627:Agriculture
5611:West Bengal
5601:Uttarakhand
5566:Maharashtra
5405:Licence Raj
5360:Black money
5219:Remittances
5061:Traditional
4738:Banking Act
4723:SARFESI Act
4637:Electricity
4458:Oil and gas
4448:Electricity
4401:Agriculture
4385:West Bengal
4375:Uttarakhand
4340:Maharashtra
4179:Licence Raj
4134:Black money
3993:Remittances
3837:Nationalism
3822:Citizenship
3655:Enforcement
3640:High Courts
3517:Rajya Sabha
3178:sanctuaries
3128:Earthquakes
3100:Environment
2915:Integration
2889:1943 famine
2837:British Raj
2804:Late modern
2728:Middle Ages
2692:Alchon Huns
2604:Mathematics
2594:Linguistics
2227:Engineering
2217:Mathematics
2202:Cartography
1587:8 September
1535:13 February
1413:Ketkar 2006
1256:Prabhu 2006
1107:Drishti IAS
878:Chemistry -
800:(NASI) was
782:C. V. Raman
609:the fourth
280:technology.
261:metric tons
257:governments
246:agriculture
162:Kapil Sibal
145:even after
7300:Categories
7127:David Hume
7100:Precursors
6982:Psychology
6962:Economics‎
6856:Empiricism
6847:Pragmatism
6834:Positivism
6824:Naturalism
6694:scientific
6578:Hypothesis
6541:Experiment
6291:Uzbekistan
6266:Tajikistan
6181:Kyrgyzstan
6161:Kazakhstan
6081:Bangladesh
6071:Azerbaijan
6003:Wikiquotes
5746:Television
5721:Healthcare
5644:Automotive
5591:Tamil Nadu
5458:Labour law
5441:Demography
5244:NITI Aayog
5150:Governance
5136:BSE SENSEX
5012:television
5002:Literature
4806:Corruption
4529:Television
4497:Healthcare
4418:Automotive
4365:Tamil Nadu
4232:Labour law
4215:Demography
4018:NITI Aayog
3924:Governance
3910:BSE SENSEX
3862:Secularism
3817:Censorship
3608:Penal Code
3507:Parliament
3484:Government
3289:Waterfalls
3133:Ecoregions
2996:Pokhran-II
2794:Bengal War
2609:Metallurgy
2413:Scientists
2353:Technology
2265:Metallurgy
1686:6 November
1362:21 October
1295:Desai 2006
1237:28 October
1044:Nanda 2006
994:References
884:Biology -
872:Physics -
643:See also:
627:Mars orbit
621:, and the
597:spacecraft
434:Antarctica
401:Parliament
382:Aryabhatta
54:April 2020
6967:Geography
6935:Chemistry
6894:Scientism
6689:ladenness
6509:Construct
6487:Causality
6377:Hong Kong
6331:Palestine
6256:Sri Lanka
6251:Singapore
6131:Indonesia
5870:Regulator
5822:Transport
5664:Education
5632:Livestock
5596:Telangana
5586:Rajasthan
5546:Karnataka
5541:Jharkhand
5345:Insurance
5324:Inflation
5229:Subsidies
5128:Companies
5044:Sculpture
4997:Festivals
4963:Webcomics
4915:Sexuality
4865:Languages
4828:Education
4658:Regulator
4605:Transport
4502:Hospitals
4438:Education
4406:Livestock
4370:Telangana
4360:Rajasthan
4320:Karnataka
4315:Jharkhand
4119:Insurance
4098:Inflation
4003:Subsidies
3902:Companies
3832:Democracy
3827:Elections
3799:Air Force
3524:President
3512:Lok Sabha
3389:Districts
3344:Southeast
3339:Southwest
3329:Northeast
3322:Northwest
3284:Volcanoes
3244:Mountains
3187:Landforms
3024:Geography
2899:Partition
2864:Zamindari
2647:Stone Age
2584:Economics
2569:Astronomy
2550:Overviews
2398:Inventors
2393:Engineers
2275:Education
2197:Astronomy
1639:31 August
1613:31 August
1607:The Hindu
1483:DATAQUEST
1307:Raja 2006
1272:Khan 2006
1058:Vrat 2006
999:Citations
852:June 2021
721:Mauna Kea
687:Gaganyaan
682:Gaganyaan
509:Bangalore
485:1991–2000
448:1986–1990
339:1967–1985
330:Akashvani
302:Kharagpur
265:kilowatts
210:1947–1967
179:in 2023.
104:Kharagpur
7262:Category
6914:Vitalism
6737:Theories
6711:Variable
6632:Paradigm
6519:function
6477:A priori
6466:Analysis
6459:Concepts
6400:Category
6321:Abkhazia
6271:Thailand
6226:Pakistan
6206:Mongolia
6201:Maldives
6196:Malaysia
6096:Cambodia
5983:Category
5827:Aviation
5812:Textiles
5751:Printing
5741:FM Radio
5716:Gambling
5711:Forestry
5649:Chemical
5489:By state
5463:Pensions
5370:National
5312:Governor
5263:Currency
5224:Taxation
5141:NIFTY 50
5029:Painting
4992:Folklore
4948:Blogging
4890:Religion
4875:Literacy
4610:Aviation
4595:Textiles
4534:Printing
4524:FM Radio
4492:Gambling
4487:Forestry
4423:Chemical
4237:Pensions
4144:National
4086:Governor
4037:Currency
3998:Taxation
3915:NIFTY 50
3852:Scandals
3809:Politics
3781:Military
3492:Agencies
3472:Politics
3408:See also
3224:Glaciers
3173:Wildlife
3063:Heritage
2908:Republic
2842:Railways
2812:Colonial
2784:Marathas
2751:Kakatiya
2639:Ancient
2614:Military
2599:Maritime
2574:Clothing
2557:Timeline
2473:Category
2341:Software
2326:Chemical
2255:Military
2113:(2001).
1893:(vol. 2)
1529:Archived
1508:Archived
1489:14 March
1463:11 March
1440:8 August
1352:"Maitri"
1333:Archived
1163:25971491
898:See also
764:and the
521:, blame
418:Rourkela
414:Durgapur
250:industry
78:and the
6972:History
6940:Physics
6930:Biology
6728:more...
6716:control
6612:Inquiry
6296:Vietnam
6211:Myanmar
6191:Lebanon
6121:Georgia
6076:Bahrain
6066:Armenia
5993:Commons
5817:Tourism
5679:Nuclear
5659:Defence
5637:Fishing
5620:Sectors
5571:Mizoram
5526:Haryana
5521:Gujarat
5451:Poverty
5382:History
5355:Bullion
5340:Banking
5295:Coinage
5280:History
5049:tallest
4970:Cuisine
4930:Culture
4885:Prisons
4880:Poverty
4821:Indians
4794:Society
4780:culture
4600:Tourism
4453:Nuclear
4433:Defence
4411:Fishing
4394:Sectors
4345:Mizoram
4300:Haryana
4295:Gujarat
4225:Poverty
4156:History
4129:Bullion
4114:Banking
4069:Coinage
4054:History
3890:Economy
3663:Federal
3374:Borders
3307:Central
3299:Regions
3279:Valleys
3253:Plains
3234:Islands
3194:Beaches
3158:Geology
3148:Forests
3118:Climate
3036:Geology
2847:Economy
2827:Plassey
2779:Mughals
2741:Hoysala
2667:Mauryas
2579:Coinage
2539:History
2485:Commons
2309:Sectors
2237:History
2207:Coinage
2129:, 2012.
2089:4360884
2064:4365190
1171:4444175
1141:Bibcode
661:Science
467:Infosys
422:Burnpur
254:federal
183:History
151:Pokhran
44:updated
6684:choice
6679:Theory
6617:Nature
6546:design
6341:Taiwan
6276:Turkey
6241:Russia
6176:Kuwait
6156:Jordan
6146:Israel
6106:Cyprus
6091:Brunei
6086:Bhutan
5785:Retail
5758:Mining
5736:Cinema
5669:Energy
5581:Punjab
5576:Odisha
5556:Ladakh
5551:Kerala
5446:Income
5429:People
5365:Bombay
4958:Comics
4953:Cinema
4860:Health
4568:Retail
4541:Mining
4519:Cinema
4443:Energy
4355:Punjab
4350:Odisha
4330:Ladakh
4325:Kerala
4263:States
4220:Income
4203:People
4139:Bombay
3384:Cities
3274:Rivers
3209:Desert
3204:Coasts
3199:Canals
2624:Postal
2386:People
2087:
2062:
2040:Policy
2019:
1998:
1983:
1968:
1957:
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115:Bombay
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6382:Macau
6301:Yemen
6261:Syria
6236:Qatar
6216:Nepal
6151:Japan
6126:India
6116:Egypt
6101:China
5913:NCLAT
5901:Other
5877:IRDAI
5861:Water
5849:Roads
5839:Ports
5832:Civil
5802:Space
5731:Media
5689:Solar
5511:Delhi
5506:Bihar
5501:Assam
5300:Paisa
5056:Sport
5024:Music
5007:Media
4987:Dress
4982:Dance
4920:Youth
4910:Women
4811:Crime
4701:NCLAT
4689:Other
4665:IRDAI
4647:Power
4642:Water
4632:Roads
4622:Ports
4615:Civil
4585:Space
4514:Media
4463:Solar
4285:Delhi
4280:Bihar
4275:Assam
4074:Paisa
3379:Towns
3334:South
3317:North
3239:Lakes
3153:Flora
3143:Fauna
2718:Chola
2562:Years
2212:Logic
2085:JSTOR
2060:JSTOR
2027:India
2006:India
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1167:S2CID
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886:14-th
880:11-th
523:caste
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127:Delhi
6588:null
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6221:Oman
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5925:IBBI
5920:BIFR
5908:NCLT
5892:IBBI
5887:SEBI
5844:Rail
5763:Coal
5694:Wind
5468:EPFO
5317:Mint
5275:Sign
4975:wine
4748:FEMA
4713:IBBI
4708:BIFR
4696:NCLT
4680:IBBI
4675:SEBI
4627:Rail
4546:Coal
4468:Wind
4242:EPFO
4091:Mint
4049:Sign
3794:Navy
3789:Army
3623:LGBT
3351:West
3312:East
2852:Army
2746:Pala
2589:LGBT
2449:DRDO
2444:ISRO
2316:Auto
2017:ISBN
1996:ISBN
1981:ISBN
1966:ISBN
1955:ISBN
1941:ISBN
1926:ISBN
1912:ISBN
1897:ISBN
1815:2009
1772:2014
1743:2014
1714:2014
1688:2013
1667:2014
1641:2012
1615:2012
1589:2013
1563:2014
1555:ISRO
1537:2021
1491:2021
1465:2013
1442:2013
1364:2008
1239:2023
1226:ISBN
1197:2024
1159:PMID
1114:2024
1017:ISBN
874:9-th
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741:ELTs
673:JAXA
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607:ISRO
505:CERN
420:and
311:The
248:and
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5882:RBI
5516:Goa
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5473:NPS
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4670:RBI
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