35:, an elected organization of distinguished researchers in natural and social sciences, engineering, medicine, and the humanities, serves as a government science advisor, while other countries have an advisory committee or civil servants perform this role. National academies are often commissioned to write reports advising government on the state of scientific knowledge to inform policy-relevant questions, such as the risk from chemicals or disease.
102:
President’s
Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST). Another example is Australia, where chief scientist Ian Chubb established the Commonwealth Science Council to advise the government on policy. However, in most systems, the focus of such entities remains on policy advice in relation to the science system, which is distinct from science advice for public policy.
42:
on August 27–28, 2014. This meeting brought together high-level science advisors, scientists, and practitioners to discuss the relationship between science and policy. A new network of
European science academies was established at the European Open Science meeting in Copenhagen in June 2014, which now includes 20 countries.
120:
International
Council for Science, with a membership of 121 national bodies, representing 141 economies, and 31 International Scientific Unions, and the Inter-Academy Partnership, the global network of science academies from 107 economies are actively involved in science for policy processes at the international level.
41:
At the international level, there is an increasing movement to bring together national science advisors to share best practices and form a network to deal with global challenges (e.g., pandemics, climate change). The first global
Science Advice to Governments meeting was held in Auckland, New Zealand
101:
Many economies have a high-level council for science (or science and innovation) policy. Members typically include senior scientists, alongside representatives of industry, higher education and civil society. Examples include Japan’s
Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (CSTI) and the US
57:
A briefing paper, described four of the most commonly used science advice structures for jurisdictions: advisory councils, advisory committees, national academies, and chief scientific advisors. These structures are most commonly employed at the national level, but may also be used in sub-national
27:
Science advice can also be called "science for policy," indicating the flow of information from scientific to policy domains with the intention of informing decisions. This is distinct from "policy for science," the institutions, rules and norms governing how science is funded, conducted, and
19:
is the process, structures and institutions through which governments and politicians consider science, technology and innovation information in policy- and decision- making. Across different national governments and international bodies, there are a variety of structures and institutions for
119:
A growing number of national academies are active in science policy and/or policy for science. In economies such as Canada, China, Germany, Netherlands, South Africa, US and UK, academies are an important source of scientific advice. Furthermore, networks of national academies such as the
110:
Most governments also rely on an array of specialized scientific and expert committees, which can address detailed technical and regulatory issues in areas such as health, environment and food safety. For example, the US and Japan have hundreds of such committees; the UK has over seventy.
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The first chief scientific advisor was appointed by the US in 1957, followed by the UK in 1964. The first chief scientific advisor in Quebec, Canada, was appointed in 2011.
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31:
At the national level, countries have diverse models for how to connect scientists and policymakers. In some countries, the president of the
572:
1034:
750:
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46:
69:
Science advice also occurs at sub-national levels, where structures may include departmental scientific advisors (for example, the
1062:
38:
Other countries, such as the UK, have a wide range of sources of expert scientific advice which draw on several of these sources.
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has termed the ‘civic epistemology’ through which expert claims are constructed, validated or challenged in a given society.
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Ezrahi, Yaron (2008-05-07). "Controlling
Biotechnology: Science, Democracy and 'Civic Epistemology'".
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Science advice by jurisdiction (nation-state, sub-national jurisdictions, and supra-national bodies)
284:
84:
For any of these structures, individual experts may be asked for advice in specific circumstances.
59:
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scientific advice. They reflect distinctive cultures and traditions of decision-making, which
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coordinate science for policy, for example through serving as the science voice in the
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49:(ICSU) is a major international organization with a program in science for policy.
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732:
1089:"Suspended Queensland chief scientist charged with 31 more fraud offences"
849:
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1284:
994:"Office of the Prime Minister's Science Advisory Committee, New Zealand"
1223:
807:
784:"Science Advice to Governments: Diverse systems, common challenges"
508:
The NSW Office of
Environment & Heritage, with Dr. Kate Wilson
973:
749:
Wilsdon, James; Allen, Kristiann; Paulavets, Katsia (2014-08-27).
913:"Office of the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Irish government"
1142:
Economic
Development, Jobs, Transport & Resources Victoria
73:, and at the international level, where networks such as the
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jurisdictions like Quebec, or supra-national bodies like the
1224:"Council for Science and Technology Policy – Cabinet Office"
932:
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993:
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778:
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770:
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912:
623:
Council for
Science Technology and Innovation (CSTI)
365:• Departmental science advisors are listed online.
1138:"Dr Amanda Caples: Introducing the Lead Scientist"
1063:"New NSW Chief Scientist & Engineer appointed"
173:• The Science, Technology and Innovation Council
1035:"A Chief Scientist for a Big-Thinking Australia"
751:"A rough guide to science advice | Science"
667:National Academy of Sciences, Republic of Korea
424:German National Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
1305:"National Research Council of Thailand – NRCT"
222:National academy and National Congress Library
298:Government Chief Scientific Adviser (Ireland)
250:National academies and Chief Science Advisors
239:Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters
71:United States Environmental Protection Agency
62:, which has an in-house science service, the
8:
1264:"ASSAf – Academy of Science of South Africa"
1184:. NSW Environment & Heritage. 2015-01-12
1117:Steven Marshall | Premier of South Australia
829:"1000 days in the life of a science advisor"
241:Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters
1162:"Office of Science - Chief Scientist of WA"
678:Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf)
481:• QLD Chief Scientist, incumbent suspended
892:"Message from the Chief Scientist Officer"
744:
742:
138:
86:
1113:"New Chief Scientist for South Australia"
1285:"Viceministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología"
1203:"Office of Science - WA Science Awards"
711:
689:Viceministerio de Ciencia y Tecnología
700:National Research Council of Thailand
645:The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
330:United States of America (California)
510:Western Australia Office of science
7:
1244:"Kungliga Vetenskapsakademien – KVA"
490:• VIC Lead Scientist, Amanda Caples
475:• NSW Chief Scientist and Engineer,
522:Kenya National Academy of Sciences
362:Government Chief Scientific Adviser
145:National Science Advice Structure/s
1067:NSW Chief Scientist & Engineer
850:"Introduction: Science for Policy"
573:Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
14:
612:L'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei
590:The Council of Finnish Academies
75:International Council for Science
47:International Council for Science
601:Indian National Science Academy
377:Academia das Ciências de Lisboa
324:Science Advisor to the President
148:Chief Advisors/Key institutions
505:State government science agency
227:Science and technology in Chile
974:"Royal Society of New Zealand"
894:. Fonds de recherche du Québec
656:The Swiss Academy of Sciences
634:Mongolian Academy of Sciences
577:Chinese Academy of Engineering
337:California Ocean Science Trust
1:
544:Academy of Sciences Malaysia
458:Australian Academy of Science
435:Academia de Ciencias de Cuba
388:Royal Society of New Zealand
192:Council of Canadian Academies
1087:Gartry, Laura (2017-12-19).
311:National Academy of Sciences
160:Austrian Academy of Sciences
1205:. Dpc.wa.gov.au. 2015-05-18
1042:Australia's Chief Scientist
953:"Chief Scientific Advisers"
568:Chinese Academy of Sciences
254:Scientific Advice Mechanism
187:The Royal Society of Canada
1351:
1182:"OEH divisions and groups"
271:French Academy of Sciences
210:• Quebec chief scientist:
733:10.1007/s11016-008-9201-6
493:• Chief Scientist of WA,
125:Chief scientific advisors
53:Science advice structures
831:. Slideshare. 2014-08-31
396:Chief scientific Advisor
317:United States of America
304:United States of America
225:Chilean Science Academy
90:Science Advice Structure
810:. Global science advice
789:. Global science advice
552:Chief Science Advisors
533:Shaukat A. Abdulrazak
530:Chief Science Advisors
484:• SA Chief Scientist,
467:Chief Science Advisors
443:Chief Science Advisors
357:Chief Science Advisors
333:Advisory organization
320:Chief Science Advisors
294:Chief science advisors
202:Chief Science Advisors
477:Hugh F. Durrant-Whyte
207:Chief Science Advisor
64:Joint Research Centre
283:Royal Irish Academy
446:Castro Díaz-Balart
285:Royal Irish Academy
107:Advisory committees
60:European Commission
852:. ICSU. 2015-05-25
555:Zakri Abdul Hamid
413:Academy of Athens
349:The Royal Society
116:National academies
1330:Science education
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703:
486:Caroline McMillen
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98:Advisory councils
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697:Advisory Council
686:National Academy
675:National Academy
664:National Academy
653:National Academy
642:National Academy
631:National Academy
620:Advisory Council
609:National Academy
598:National Academy
587:Advisory Council
563:National Academy
541:National Academy
519:National Academy
454:National Academy
432:National Academy
421:National Academy
410:National Academy
385:National Academy
374:National Academy
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307:National academy
280:National academy
267:National academy
236:National academy
182:National academy
169:Advisory council
156:National academy
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33:National academy
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955:. UK government
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933:"Royal Society"
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256:and within it,
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22:Sheila Jasanoff
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1335:Science policy
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28:communicated.
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727:(2): 177–98.
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1308:. Retrieved
1299:
1288:. Retrieved
1279:
1268:. Retrieved
1266:. 2015-05-18
1258:
1247:. Retrieved
1238:
1227:. Retrieved
1218:
1207:. Retrieved
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1186:. Retrieved
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1165:. Retrieved
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1121:. Retrieved
1119:. 2018-08-13
1116:
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1096:. Retrieved
1092:
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1071:. Retrieved
1069:. 2018-05-29
1066:
1057:
1046:. Retrieved
1044:. 2015-10-27
1041:
1029:
1018:. Retrieved
1016:. Leopoldina
1008:
997:. Retrieved
988:
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791:. Retrieved
758:. Retrieved
755:The guardian
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672:South Africa
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509:
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212:Remi Quirion
209:
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142:Jurisdiction
93:Explanation
83:
68:
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44:
40:
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26:
16:
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721:Metascience
683:El Salvador
661:South Korea
650:Switzerland
472:Alan Finkel
393:New Zealand
382:New Zealand
1324:Categories
1310:2015-05-31
1290:2015-05-31
1270:2015-05-31
1249:2015-05-31
1229:2015-05-31
1209:2015-05-31
1188:2015-05-31
1167:2015-05-31
1147:2018-12-09
1123:2018-12-09
1098:2018-12-09
1073:2018-12-09
1048:2018-12-09
1020:2015-05-31
1014:"About us"
999:2015-05-31
979:2015-05-31
959:2015-05-31
938:2015-05-31
918:2015-05-31
898:2015-05-31
877:2015-05-31
856:2015-05-31
835:2015-05-31
814:2015-05-31
793:2015-05-31
760:2015-05-31
707:References
470:National:
360:National:
205:National:
502:Australia
464:Australia
451:Australia
1093:ABC News
694:Thailand
628:Mongolia
549:Malaysia
538:Malaysia
371:Portugal
808:"INGSA"
584:Finland
418:Germany
291:Ireland
277:Ireland
233:Denmark
153:Austria
873:. STIC
871:"Home"
639:Sweden
407:Greece
264:France
199:Canada
179:Canada
166:Canada
1038:(PDF)
787:(PDF)
617:Japan
606:Italy
595:India
560:China
527:Kenya
516:Kenya
399:Prof
258:SAPEA
219:Chile
440:Cuba
429:Cuba
45:The
729:doi
190:•
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1140:.
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