970:
820:
746:
651:
93:
291:
946:: VisIt can plot curves from data read from files and it can be used to extract and plot curve data from higher-dimensional datasets using lineout operators or queries. The curves in the featured image correspond to elevation data along lines drawn on DEM data and were created with the feature lineout capability. Lineout allows you to interactively draw a line, which specifies a path for data extraction. The resulting data was then plotted as curves.
732:
777:: This image was created from data generated by a tornado simulation calculated on NCSA's IBM p690 computing cluster. High-definition television animations of the storm produced at NCSA were included in an episode of the PBS television series NOVA called "Hunt for the Supertwister." The tornado is shown by spheres that are colored according to pressure; orange and blue tubes represent the rising and falling airflow around the tornado.
952:: The featured plot shows Leaf Area Index (LAI), a measure of global vegetative matter, from a NetCDF dataset. The primary plot is the large plot at the bottom, which shows the LAI for the whole world. The plots on top are actually annotations that contain images generated earlier. Image annotations can be used to include material that enhances a visualization such as auxiliary plots, images of experimental data, project logos, etc.
276:
984:
665:
1139:
911:
718:
27:
265:
84:, a branch of computer science. The purpose of scientific visualization is to graphically illustrate scientific data to enable scientists to understand, illustrate, and glean insight from their data. Research into how people read and misread various types of visualizations is helping to determine what types and features of visualizations are most understandable and effective in conveying information.
600:, volume visualization has become an essential technique for many sciences, portraying phenomena become an essential technique such as clouds, water flows, and molecular and biological structure. Many volume visualization algorithms are computationally expensive and demand large data storage. Advances in hardware and software are generalizing volume visualization as well as real time performances".
998:
623:
637:
310:
925:
897:
250:
39:
958:: VisIt's Scatter plot allows visualizing multivariate data of up to four dimensions. The Scatter plot takes multiple scalar variables and uses them for different axes in phase space. The different variables are combined to form coordinates in the phase space and they are displayed using glyphs and colored using another scalar variable.
1019:: The featured image displays plots of a CGNS dataset representing a YF-17 jet aircraft. The dataset consists of an unstructured grid with solution. The image was created by using a pseudocolor plot of the dataset's Mach variable, a Mesh plot of the grid, and Vector plot of a slice through the Velocity field.
446:
of information at once. The key difference between scientific visualization and information visualization is that information visualization is often applied to data that is not generated by scientific inquiry. Some examples are graphical representations of data for business, government, news and social media.
521:
is primarily used for realtime simulations, such as those used in 3D computer games and cartoon animations, where detail is not important, or where it is more efficient to manually fake the details in order to obtain better performance in the computational stage. This is usually the case when a large
548:
is an extension of the same technique developed in scanline rendering and ray casting. Like those, it handles complicated objects well, and the objects may be described mathematically. Unlike scanline and casting, ray tracing is almost always a Monte Carlo technique, that is one based on averaging a
445:
Information visualization focused on the creation of approaches for conveying abstract information in intuitive ways. Visual representations and interaction techniques take advantage of the human eye's broad bandwidth pathway into the mind to allow users to see, explore, and understand large amounts
873:
Higher-dimensional objects can be visualized in form of projections (views) in lower dimensions. In particular, 4-dimensional objects are visualized by means of projection in three dimensions. The lower-dimensional projections of higher-dimensional objects can be used for purposes of virtual object
384:
of many natural systems in physics, and computational physics, chemistry and biology; human systems in economics, psychology, and social science; and in the process of engineering and new technology, to gain insight into the operation of those systems, or to observe their behavior. The simultaneous
199:
Scientific visualization using computer graphics gained in popularity as graphics matured. Primary applications were scalar fields and vector fields from computer simulations and also measured data. The primary methods for visualizing two-dimensional (2D) scalar fields are color mapping and drawing
509:
A high-level representation of an image necessarily contains elements in a different domain from pixels. These elements are referred to as primitives. In a schematic drawing, for instance, line segments and curves might be primitives. In a graphical user interface, windows and buttons might be the
392:
Computer simulations vary from computer programs that run a few minutes, to network-based groups of computers running for hours, to ongoing simulations that run for months. The scale of events being simulated by computer simulations has far exceeded anything possible (or perhaps even imaginable)
1031:: This image is a visualization study of inbound traffic measured in billions of bytes on the NSFNET T1 backbone for the month of September 1991. The traffic volume range is depicted from purple (zero bytes) to white (100 billion bytes). It represents data collected by Merit Network, Inc.
940:: Through computer mapping of topographical surfaces, mathematicians can test theories of how materials will change when stressed. The imaging is part of the work on the NSF-funded Electronic Visualization Laboratory at the University of Illinois at Chicago.
771:(GIS), allowing one to plot raster data such as terrain data in visualizations. The featured image shows a plot of a DEM dataset containing mountainous areas near Dunsmuir, CA. Elevation lines are added to the plot to help delineate changes in elevation.
533:, also known as Global Illumination, is a method that attempts to simulate the way in which directly illuminated surfaces act as indirect light sources that illuminate other surfaces. This produces more realistic shading and seems to better capture the '
1429:
O'Donoghue, Seán I.; Baldi, Benedetta Frida; Clark, Susan J.; Darling, Aaron E.; Hogan, James M.; Kaur, Sandeep; Maier-Hein, Lena; McCarthy, Davis J.; Moore, William J.; Stenau, Esther; Swedlow, Jason R.; Vuong, Jenny; Procter, James B. (2018-07-20).
881:, functions of the complex plane are inherently 4-dimensional, but there is no natural geometric projection into lower dimensional visual representations. Instead, colour vision is exploited to capture dimensional information using techniques such as
1013:(NASTRAN model): The featured plot contains a Mesh plot of a Porsche 911 model imported from a NASTRAN bulk data file. VisIt can read a limited subset of NASTRAN bulk data files, in general enough to import model geometry for visualization.
499:. The term may be by analogy with an "artist's rendering" of a scene. 'Rendering' is also used to describe the process of calculating effects in a video editing file to produce final video output. Important rendering techniques are:
793:
692:: In the image, three-Dimensional Radiation Hydrodynamics Calculations of Massive Star Supernovae Explosions The DJEHUTY stellar evolution code was used to calculate the explosion of SN 1987A model in three dimensions.
702:'s general plotting capabilities were used to create the molecular rendering shown in the featured visualization. The original data was taken from the Protein Data Bank and turned into a VTK file before rendering.
680:: The featured plot is a Volume plot of the logarithm of gas/dust density in an Enzo star and galaxy simulation. Regions of high density are white while less dense regions are more blue and also more transparent.
216:
methods. 2D tensor fields are often resolved to a vector field by using one of the two eigenvectors to represent the tensor each point in the field and then visualized using vector field visualization methods.
783:: This visualization depicts the carbon dioxide from various sources that are advected individually as tracers in the atmosphere model. Carbon dioxide from the ocean is shown as plumes during February 1900.
1025:: An ESRI shapefile containing a polygonal description of the building footprints was read in and then the polygons were resampled onto a rectilinear grid, which was extruded into the featured cityscape.
184:
geometry-based approaches such as arrow plots, streamlines, pathlines, timelines, streaklines, particle tracing, surface particles, stream arrows, stream tubes, stream balls, flow volumes and topological
522:
number of frames need to be animated. The resulting surfaces have a characteristic 'flat' appearance when no additional tricks are used, as if objects in the scene were all painted with matte finish.
603:
Developments of web-based technologies, and in-browser rendering have allowed of simple volumetric presentation of a cuboid with a changing frame of reference to show volume, mass and density data.
1209:
476:, by means of computer programs. The model is a description of three-dimensional objects in a strictly defined language or data structure. It would contain geometry, viewpoint,
397:: over 10 years ago, a desert-battle simulation, of one force invading another, involved the modeling of 66,239 tanks, trucks and other vehicles on simulated terrain around
794:
795:
1106:
405:
1063:
596:(1994) "volume visualization examines a set of techniques that allows viewing an object without mathematically representing the other surface. Initially used in
969:
1898:
1078:
461:
shows how new interfaces and a better understanding of underlying perceptual issues create new opportunities for the scientific visualization community.
816:
Scientific visualization of mathematical structures has been undertaken for purposes of building intuition and for aiding the forming of mental models.
797:
1321:
686:: Researchers used the Globus Toolkit to harness the power of multiple supercomputers to simulate the gravitational effects of black-hole collisions.
1121:
745:
1963:
650:
234:
209:
1683:
The data used to make this image were provided by Tom Abel Ph.D. and
Matthew Turk of the Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology.
1667:
241:(LIC) and topological methods. Later, visualization techniques such as hyperstreamlines were developed to visualize 2D and 3D tensor fields.
1058:
2735:
1214:
1043:
402:
576:
scanner. Usually these are acquired in a regular pattern (e.g., one slice every millimeter) and usually have a regular number of image
2725:
2668:
2274:
152:
109:
2843:
1496:
1415:
77:
874:
manipulation, allowing 3D objects to be manipulated by operations performed in 2D, and 4D objects by interactions performed in 3D.
789:
In the image the results from the SAMRAI simulation framework of an atmospheric anomaly in and around Times Square are visualized.
796:
31:
2279:
1857:
1276:
1083:
1157:
1073:
1053:
768:
1797:
1987:
530:
469:
2269:
1204:
1125:
562:
253:
819:
1956:
2198:
731:
1831:
1219:
1167:
1068:
811:
573:
454:
354:
205:
17:
1431:
2022:
1937:
scienceviz.com - Scientific
Vizualisation, Simulation and CG Animation for Universities, Architects and Engineers
1609:
569:
416:
238:
213:
128:
101:
2042:
2007:
1972:
983:
664:
1631:
1379:
314:
2618:
2234:
2170:
2057:
1949:
1826:
1765:, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1688-1695 (
1510:
910:
717:
545:
345:
needs. Sometimes the target of the animation is the computer itself, but sometimes the target is another
2512:
2325:
2249:
2067:
1875:
1650:
1409:
1261:
593:
423:
394:
361:, which is most commonly utilized as an instructional tool for medical professionals or their patients.
148:
132:
2613:
1548:
Delmarcelle, T; Hesselink, L. (1993). "Visualizing second-order tensor fields with hyperstreamlines".
636:
2792:
2683:
2507:
2457:
2365:
2350:
2294:
2259:
2155:
2052:
2027:
1865:
801:
View of a 4D cube projected into 3D: orthogonal projection (left) and perspective projection (right).
584:
represented by a single value that is obtained by sampling the immediate area surrounding the voxel.
338:
334:
144:
136:
44:
2284:
580:
in a regular pattern. This is an example of a regular volumetric grid, with each volume element, or
290:
2772:
2527:
2462:
2299:
2254:
2160:
2110:
2105:
997:
622:
369:
342:
113:
73:
52:
1695:
The Globus software creators Ian Foster, Carl
Kesselman and Steve Tuecke. Publication Summer 2002.
2812:
2472:
2467:
2421:
2411:
2345:
2037:
2012:
2002:
1838:
1575:
1530:
1461:
1397:
1366:"Milestones in the history of thematic cartography, statistical graphics, and data visualization"
1177:
1172:
1162:
1093:
503:
381:
326:
164:
2678:
386:
2583:
1365:
924:
611:
This section will give a series of examples how scientific visualization can be applied today.
2807:
2757:
2730:
2658:
2537:
2517:
2360:
2165:
2062:
1842:
1492:
1487:
1266:
759:
358:
179:
117:
92:
81:
70:
26:
1927:. They facilitate scientific inquiry and outreach within NASA programs through visualization.
1447:
1089:
Conferences in this field, ranked by significance in scientific visualization research, are:
2817:
2802:
2797:
2777:
2628:
2603:
2567:
2562:
2497:
2431:
2335:
2244:
2239:
2229:
2203:
2150:
2077:
2017:
1992:
1894:
1758:
1737:
1713:
1565:
1557:
1522:
1451:
1443:
1387:
1361:
1296:
1236:
1231:
1192:
896:
878:
707:
558:
426:
of large-scale collections of non-numerical information, such as files and lines of code in
377:
346:
294:
226:
537:' of an indoor scene. A classic example is the way that shadows 'hug' the corners of rooms.
2822:
2762:
2673:
2598:
2542:
2492:
2135:
2032:
1846:
1783:
1635:
882:
823:
597:
534:
493:
477:
427:
275:
1941:
1919:
1692:
233:. Methods for visualizing vector fields include glyphs (graphical icons) such as arrows,
309:
2787:
2752:
2693:
2648:
2547:
2532:
2426:
2401:
2355:
2309:
2304:
2140:
2072:
1717:
1144:
23:
Interdisciplinary branch of science concerned with presenting scientific data visually
2837:
2747:
2633:
2557:
2522:
2502:
2406:
2370:
2224:
2208:
2193:
1997:
1704:
Image courtesy of
Forrest Hoffman and Jamison Daniel of Oak Ridge National Laboratory
1666:
All examples both images and text here, unless another source is given, are from the
1465:
1401:
489:
420:
280:
1605:
1534:
357:
or computer-generated imaging), especially when used in films. Applications include
2782:
2742:
2663:
2643:
2608:
2593:
2487:
2482:
2452:
2330:
1579:
1187:
1182:
1138:
1111:
268:
264:
201:
140:
510:
primitives. In 3D rendering, triangles and polygons in space might be primitives.
2767:
2715:
2653:
2623:
2552:
2477:
2447:
2385:
2340:
1913:
1766:
1340:
518:
1745:
1725:
108:
One of the earliest examples of three-dimensional scientific visualisation was
2638:
2416:
2380:
2375:
2125:
1933:. Scientific illustration and animation services for scientists by scientists.
1392:
1134:
458:
373:
230:
63:
1488:
The
Scientific Letters and Papers of James Clerk Maxwell, Volume 3; 1874–1879
2720:
2688:
2289:
2264:
2145:
2130:
1779:
1671:
1570:
329:
is the art, technique, and science of creating moving images via the use of
249:
1526:
380:
of a particular system. Computer simulations have become a useful part of
2115:
1281:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1098:
565:
481:
473:
439:
435:
330:
257:
124:
97:
1456:
2588:
2100:
1887:
1613:
1286:
1048:
485:
431:
38:
1744:, Visualization '97., Proceedings, 24 October 1997, pp. 175-182 (
1561:
116:. This prefigured modern scientific visualization techniques that use
1291:
398:
48:
568:. A typical 3D data set is a group of 2D slice images acquired by a
139:
in 1857 as part of a campaign to improve sanitary conditions in the
2095:
1859:
Scientific
Visualization: Overviews, Methodologies, and Techniques
1311:
1306:
1301:
818:
791:
764:
699:
581:
577:
561:
is a technique used to display a 2D projection of a 3D discretely
496:
308:
289:
284:
274:
263:
248:
91:
37:
1930:
1626:
372:
is a computer program, or network of computers, that attempts to
1511:"Images and reversals: James Clerk Maxwell, working in wet clay"
350:
1945:
341:
are still widely used for stylistic, low bandwidth, and faster
2120:
1628:
Illuminating the Path: The R&D Agenda for Visual
Analytics
1316:
1931:
Subunit
Studios Scientific and Molecular Visualization Studio
1936:
1924:
1916:
1856:
Gregory M. Nielson, Hans Hagen and
Heinrich Müller (1997).
80:
of scientific phenomena. It is also considered a subset of
1798:"A Guide to the Quality of Different Visualization Venues"
271:
image of the main asteroid belt and the Trojan asteroids.
1380:"Why scientists need to be better at data visualization"
1210:
IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
333:. It is becoming more common to be created by means of
1724:, Computer, vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 73–83 (
1107:
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI)
767:
can read several file formats common in the field of
1606:"Researchers stage largest military simulation ever"
1271:
2706:
2576:
2440:
2394:
2318:
2217:
2186:
2179:
2086:
1980:
1638:. National Visualization and Analytics Center. p.30
385:visualization and simulation of a system is called
123:Notable early two-dimensional examples include the
1885:Will Schroeder, Ken Martin, Bill Lorensen (2003).
1625:James J. Thomas and Kristin A. Cook (Ed.) (2005).
1592:Steven Strogatz (2007). "The End of Insight". In:
549:number of randomly generated samples from a model.
1880:Scientific Visualization: Advances and challenges
1655:Scientific Visualization: Advances and challenges
1920:Scientific Visualization Tutorials, Georgia Tech
1341:Visualizations that have been created with VisIt
406:High Performance Computing Modernization Program
30:A scientific visualization of a simulation of a
1064:National Center for Supercomputing Applications
1914:National Institute of Standards and Technology
1957:
1722:Interactive methods for visualizable geometry
1485:James Clerk Maxwell and P. M. Harman (2002),
472:is the process of generating an image from a
225:For 3D scalar fields the primary methods are
8:
1742:Constrained 3D navigation with 2D controller
1343:. at wci.llnl.gov. Updated: November 8, 2007
2183:
1964:
1950:
1942:
1079:Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute
938:Computer mapping of topographical surfaces
313:Topographic scan of a glass surface by an
1569:
1455:
1391:
1322:Category:Free data visualization software
1039:Important laboratories in the field are:
1448:10.1146/annurev-biodatasci-080917-013424
1436:Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science
279:Scientific visualization of Fluid Flow:
204:. 2D vector fields are visualized using
25:
1646:
1644:
1550:IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications
1333:
965:
892:
713:
618:
401:, using multiple supercomputers in the
393:using the traditional paper-and-pencil
1668:Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
1407:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1870:Frontiers of Scientific Visualization
1851:Visualization in Scientific Computing
1763:Shadow-Driven 4D Haptic Visualization
1059:NASA Advanced Supercomputing Division
7:
1925:NASA Scientific Visualization Studio
1215:SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing
16:For Mathematical visualization, see
1796:Kosara, Robert (11 November 2013).
1044:Electronic Visualization Laboratory
787:Atmospheric Anomaly in Times Square
752:Atmospheric Anomaly in Times Square
450:Interface technology and perception
1596:John Brockman (ed). HarperCollins.
1432:"Visualization of Biomedical Data"
1378:Mason, Betsy (November 12, 2019).
690:Massive Star Supernovae Explosions
657:Massive Star Supernovae Explosions
14:
353:. It is also referred to as CGI (
1137:
996:
982:
968:
923:
909:
895:
744:
730:
716:
663:
649:
635:
621:
135:in 1869; the "coxcombs" used by
1784:The National Science Foundation
1509:Thomas G.West (February 1999).
1122:Computer graphics organizations
1084:Texas Advanced Computing Center
438:, networks of relations on the
297:of a simultaneous release of SF
110:Maxwell's thermodynamic surface
1515:ACM SIGGRAPH Computer Graphics
1491:, Cambridge University Press,
1158:Data Presentation Architecture
1074:San Diego Supercomputer Center
1054:Los Alamos National Laboratory
769:Geographic Information Systems
169:Criteria for classifications:
112:, sculpted in clay in 1874 by
1:
1988:Biological data visualization
1414:: CS1 maint: date and year (
153:Broad Street cholera outbreak
1674:, Retrieved 10–11 July 2008.
1594:What is your dangerous idea?
1205:ACM Transactions on Graphics
488:information. The image is a
254:Maximum intensity projection
34:caused by two mixing fluids.
1872:. New York: John Wiley Inc.
235:streamlines and streaklines
221:Three-dimensional data sets
32:Rayleigh–Taylor instability
2860:
2028:Mathematical visualization
1832:The Visualization Handbook
1220:The Visualization Handbook
1168:Mathematical visualization
1069:Sandia National Laboratory
812:Mathematical visualization
809:
355:Computer-generated imagery
162:
159:Data visualization methods
129:Napoleon's March on Moscow
18:mathematical visualization
15:
2023:Information visualization
2008:Educational visualization
1888:The Visualization Toolkit
1610:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
1393:10.1146/knowable-110919-1
1126:Supercomputing facilities
417:Information visualization
412:Information visualization
239:line integral convolution
214:line integral convolution
195:Two-dimensional data sets
151:in 1855 to visualise the
2844:Scientific visualization
2199:Charles-René de Fourcroy
2048:Scientific visualization
1975:of technical information
1862:. IEEE Computer Society.
1029:Inbound traffic measured
67:scientific visualisation
60:Scientific visualization
1900:The Grammar of Graphics
962:In the applied sciences
615:In the natural sciences
315:Atomic force microscope
2619:Christopher R. Johnson
2171:Technical illustration
2058:Software visualization
1827:Christopher R. Johnson
1825:Charles D. Hansen and
1782:and Robert Patterson.
889:In the formal sciences
870:
802:
382:mathematical modelling
318:
306:
287:
272:
261:
256:(MIP) of a whole body
105:
56:
35:
2513:Lawrence J. Rosenblum
2326:Edward Walter Maunder
2250:Charles Joseph Minard
2068:User interface design
2043:Product visualization
1876:Lawrence J. Rosenblum
1786:Press Release 08-112.
1693:BLACK-HOLE COLLISIONS
1651:Lawrence J. Rosenblum
1527:10.1145/563666.563671
1262:NCAR Command Language
822:
800:
781:Climate visualization
760:Terrain visualization
738:Climate visualization
419:is the study of "the
395:mathematical modeling
312:
293:
278:
267:
252:
180:textura based methods
173:dimension of the data
133:Charles Joseph Minard
95:
42:Surface rendering of
41:
29:
2793:Scientific modelling
2768:Information graphics
2508:Clifford A. Pickover
2458:William S. Cleveland
2366:Henry Norris Russell
2351:Howard G. Funkhouser
2295:Florence Nightingale
2260:Francis Amasa Walker
2156:Statistical graphics
2078:Volume visualization
2053:Social visualization
1866:Clifford A. Pickover
588:Volume visualization
455:Interface technology
339:2D computer graphics
335:3D computer graphics
237:, particle tracing,
137:Florence Nightingale
45:Arabidopsis thaliana
2773:Information science
2736:in computer science
2528:Sheelagh Carpendale
2463:George G. Robertson
2300:Karl Wilhelm Pohlke
2235:André-Michel Guerry
2111:Graph of a function
2106:Engineering drawing
1017:YF-17 aircraft Plot
990:YF-17 aircraft Plot
696:Molecular rendering
684:Gravitational waves
671:Molecular rendering
643:Gravitational waves
370:Computer simulation
365:Computer simulation
343:real-time rendering
114:James Clerk Maxwell
76:concerned with the
53:confocal microscope
2813:Volume cartography
2577:Early 21st century
2473:Catherine Plaisant
2468:Bruce H. McCormick
2422:Mary Eleanor Spear
2412:Arthur H. Robinson
2346:Arthur Lyon Bowley
2319:Early 20th century
2166:Technical drawings
2038:Molecular graphics
2013:Flow visualization
2003:Data visualization
1839:Bruce H. McCormick
1720:, George Francis:
1634:2008-09-29 at the
1178:Skin friction line
1173:Molecular graphics
1163:Data visualization
1094:IEEE Visualization
871:
803:
775:Tornado Simulation
504:Scanline rendering
434:and bibliographic
327:Computer animation
322:Computer animation
319:
307:
288:
273:
262:
165:Data visualization
106:
57:
36:
2831:
2830:
2808:Visual perception
2758:Graphic organizer
2731:Computer graphics
2702:
2701:
2684:Martin Wattenberg
2659:Hanspeter Pfister
2614:Martin Krzywinski
2538:Jock D. Mackinlay
2518:Thomas A. DeFanti
2441:Late 20th century
2361:Ejnar Hertzsprung
2063:Technical drawing
1882:. Academic Press.
1843:Thomas A. DeFanti
1670:(LLNL), from the
1657:. Academic Press.
1562:10.1109/38.219447
1384:Knowable Magazine
1011:Porsche 911 model
976:Porsche 911 model
950:Image annotations
917:Image annotations
798:
724:Terrain rendering
506:and rasterisation
465:Surface rendering
442:, and so forth".
359:medical animation
118:computer graphics
96:Charles Minard's
82:computer graphics
74:branch of science
71:interdisciplinary
2851:
2818:Volume rendering
2803:Visual analytics
2798:Spatial analysis
2778:Misleading graph
2629:David McCandless
2604:Gordon Kindlmann
2568:Alfred Inselberg
2563:Leland Wilkinson
2498:Michael Friendly
2432:Howard T. Fisher
2395:Mid 20th century
2336:W. E. B. Du Bois
2240:William Playfair
2230:Adolphe Quetelet
2204:Joseph Priestley
2187:Pre-19th century
2184:
2151:Skeletal formula
2018:Geovisualization
1993:Chemical imaging
1966:
1959:
1952:
1943:
1895:Leland Wilkinson
1813:
1812:
1810:
1808:
1793:
1787:
1776:
1770:
1759:Andrew J. Hanson
1755:
1749:
1738:Andrew J. Hanson
1735:
1729:
1714:Andrew J. Hanson
1711:
1705:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1681:
1675:
1664:
1658:
1648:
1639:
1623:
1617:
1616:, December 1997.
1603:
1597:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1573:
1571:2060/19950012873
1545:
1539:
1538:
1506:
1500:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1474:
1472:
1459:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1413:
1405:
1395:
1375:
1369:
1362:Michael Friendly
1359:
1344:
1338:
1193:Visual analytics
1147:
1142:
1141:
1000:
986:
972:
927:
913:
899:
879:complex analysis
869:
868:
866:
865:
856:
853:
799:
748:
734:
720:
667:
653:
639:
625:
559:Volume rendering
554:Volume rendering
428:software systems
295:Chemical imaging
227:volume rendering
102:Napoleon's March
2859:
2858:
2854:
2853:
2852:
2850:
2849:
2848:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2827:
2823:Information art
2763:Imaging science
2708:
2698:
2679:Fernanda Viégas
2674:Moritz Stefaner
2599:Jessica Hullman
2572:
2543:Alan MacEachren
2493:Ben Shneiderman
2436:
2390:
2314:
2213:
2175:
2088:
2082:
2033:Medical imaging
1976:
1970:
1910:
1891:. Kitware, Inc.
1849:(eds.) (1987).
1847:Maxine D. Brown
1829:(eds.) (2005).
1822:
1820:Further reading
1817:
1816:
1806:
1804:
1795:
1794:
1790:
1777:
1773:
1756:
1752:
1736:
1732:
1712:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1682:
1678:
1665:
1661:
1649:
1642:
1636:Wayback Machine
1624:
1620:
1604:
1600:
1591:
1587:
1547:
1546:
1542:
1508:
1507:
1503:
1484:
1480:
1470:
1468:
1428:
1427:
1423:
1406:
1377:
1376:
1372:
1360:
1347:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1143:
1136:
1133:
1037:
1006:
1001:
992:
987:
978:
973:
964:
933:
928:
919:
914:
905:
900:
891:
883:domain coloring
857:
854:
839:
838:
836:
827:
824:Domain coloring
814:
808:
792:
754:
749:
740:
735:
726:
721:
712:
673:
668:
659:
654:
645:
640:
631:
626:
617:
609:
598:medical imaging
590:
556:
494:raster graphics
467:
452:
414:
367:
324:
304:
300:
247:
223:
197:
191:
167:
161:
90:
24:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2857:
2855:
2847:
2846:
2836:
2835:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2788:Patent drawing
2785:
2780:
2775:
2770:
2765:
2760:
2755:
2753:Graphic design
2750:
2745:
2740:
2739:
2738:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2710:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2696:
2694:Hadley Wickham
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2649:Tamara Munzner
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2571:
2570:
2565:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2548:David Goodsell
2545:
2540:
2535:
2533:Cynthia Brewer
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2429:
2427:Edgar Anderson
2424:
2419:
2414:
2409:
2404:
2402:Jacques Bertin
2398:
2396:
2392:
2391:
2389:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2356:John B. Peddle
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2310:Francis Galton
2307:
2305:Toussaint Loua
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2285:Georg von Mayr
2282:
2277:
2275:Matthew Sankey
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2190:
2188:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2141:Sankey diagram
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2092:
2090:
2084:
2083:
2081:
2080:
2075:
2073:Visual culture
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1984:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1968:
1961:
1954:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1934:
1928:
1922:
1917:
1909:
1908:External links
1906:
1905:
1904:
1892:
1883:
1878:(ed.) (1994).
1873:
1868:(ed.) (1994).
1863:
1854:
1836:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1788:
1771:
1750:
1730:
1718:Tamara Munzner
1706:
1697:
1685:
1676:
1659:
1653:(ed.) (1994).
1640:
1618:
1598:
1585:
1540:
1501:
1478:
1442:(1): 275–304.
1421:
1370:
1345:
1332:
1331:
1329:
1326:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1222:
1217:
1212:
1207:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1145:Science portal
1132:
1129:
1118:
1117:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1036:
1033:
1023:City rendering
1008:
1007:
1004:City rendering
1002:
995:
993:
988:
981:
979:
974:
967:
963:
960:
935:
934:
929:
922:
920:
915:
908:
906:
901:
894:
890:
887:
810:Main article:
807:
806:In mathematics
804:
756:
755:
750:
743:
741:
736:
729:
727:
722:
715:
711:
704:
678:Star formation
675:
674:
669:
662:
660:
655:
648:
646:
641:
634:
632:
629:Star formation
627:
620:
616:
613:
608:
605:
589:
586:
555:
552:
551:
550:
543:
539:
538:
528:
524:
523:
516:
512:
511:
507:
466:
463:
451:
448:
424:representation
413:
410:
366:
363:
323:
320:
302:
298:
246:
243:
222:
219:
196:
193:
189:
188:
187:
186:
182:
174:
163:Main article:
160:
157:
89:
86:
22:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2856:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2839:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2779:
2776:
2774:
2771:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:Graph drawing
2746:
2744:
2741:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2713:
2711:
2705:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2669:Claudio Silva
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2634:Mauro Martino
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2579:
2575:
2569:
2566:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2558:Michael Maltz
2556:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2523:George Furnas
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2503:Howard Wainer
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2408:
2407:Rudolf Modley
2405:
2403:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2371:Max O. Lorenz
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
2339:
2337:
2334:
2332:
2329:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2317:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:Charles Booth
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2255:Luigi Perozzo
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2245:August Kekulé
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2225:Charles Dupin
2223:
2222:
2220:
2216:
2210:
2209:Gaspard Monge
2207:
2205:
2202:
2200:
2197:
2195:
2194:Edmond Halley
2192:
2191:
2189:
2185:
2182:
2178:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1998:Crime mapping
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1974:
1973:Visualization
1967:
1962:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1911:
1907:
1902:
1901:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1889:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1803:
1799:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1710:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1647:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1630:
1629:
1622:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1602:
1599:
1595:
1589:
1586:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1544:
1541:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1505:
1502:
1498:
1497:0-521-25627-5
1494:
1490:
1489:
1482:
1479:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1437:
1433:
1425:
1422:
1417:
1411:
1403:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1334:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1243:
1240:
1238:
1235:
1233:
1230:
1229:
1225:
1224:
1221:
1218:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1206:
1203:
1202:
1198:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1120:See further:
1115:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1090:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1067:
1065:
1062:
1060:
1057:
1055:
1052:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1035:Organizations
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1014:
1012:
1005:
999:
994:
991:
985:
980:
977:
971:
966:
961:
959:
957:
953:
951:
947:
945:
941:
939:
932:
926:
921:
918:
912:
907:
904:
898:
893:
888:
886:
884:
880:
875:
864:
860:
851:
847:
843:
834:
830:
825:
821:
817:
813:
805:
790:
788:
784:
782:
778:
776:
772:
770:
766:
762:
761:
753:
747:
742:
739:
733:
728:
725:
719:
714:
709:
705:
703:
701:
697:
693:
691:
687:
685:
681:
679:
672:
666:
661:
658:
652:
647:
644:
638:
633:
630:
624:
619:
614:
612:
606:
604:
601:
599:
595:
592:According to
587:
585:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
564:
560:
553:
547:
544:
541:
540:
536:
532:
529:
526:
525:
520:
517:
514:
513:
508:
505:
502:
501:
500:
498:
495:
491:
490:digital image
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
464:
462:
460:
456:
449:
447:
443:
441:
437:
433:
429:
425:
422:
418:
411:
409:
407:
404:
400:
396:
390:
388:
383:
379:
375:
371:
364:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
321:
316:
311:
296:
292:
286:
282:
281:Surface waves
277:
270:
266:
259:
255:
251:
244:
242:
240:
236:
232:
228:
220:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
202:contour lines
194:
192:
183:
181:
178:
177:
175:
172:
171:
170:
166:
158:
156:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
121:
119:
115:
111:
103:
99:
94:
87:
85:
83:
79:
78:visualization
75:
72:
68:
65:
61:
54:
50:
47:
46:
40:
33:
28:
19:
2783:Neuroimaging
2743:CPK coloring
2726:Color coding
2664:Hans Rosling
2644:Miriah Meyer
2609:Aaron Koblin
2594:Jeffrey Heer
2488:Edward Tufte
2483:Pat Hanrahan
2453:Nigel Holmes
2331:Otto Neurath
2270:Oliver Byrne
2218:19th century
2047:
1899:
1886:
1879:
1869:
1858:
1853:. ACM Press.
1850:
1830:
1805:. Retrieved
1801:
1791:
1774:
1762:
1753:
1741:
1733:
1721:
1709:
1700:
1688:
1679:
1672:LLNL website
1662:
1654:
1627:
1621:
1601:
1593:
1588:
1556:(4): 25–33.
1553:
1549:
1543:
1521:(1): 15–17.
1518:
1514:
1504:
1486:
1481:
1469:. Retrieved
1457:10453/125943
1439:
1435:
1424:
1410:cite journal
1383:
1373:
1336:
1199:Publications
1188:Tensor glyph
1183:Sonification
1119:
1112:Eurographics
1088:
1038:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1021:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1003:
989:
975:
956:Scatter plot
955:
954:
949:
948:
943:
942:
937:
936:
931:Scatter plot
930:
916:
902:
876:
872:
862:
858:
849:
845:
841:
832:
828:
815:
786:
785:
780:
779:
774:
773:
758:
757:
751:
737:
723:
695:
694:
689:
688:
683:
682:
677:
676:
670:
656:
642:
628:
610:
607:Applications
602:
591:
557:
468:
453:
444:
415:
391:
376:an abstract
368:
325:
269:Solar System
224:
198:
190:
168:
141:British Army
131:produced by
122:
107:
66:
64:also spelled
59:
58:
51:grains with
43:
2716:Cartography
2654:Ade Olufeko
2624:Manuel Lima
2553:Kwan-Liu Ma
2478:Stuart Card
2448:Borden Dent
2386:Erwin Raisz
2341:Henry Gantt
1903:, Springer.
1835:. Elsevier.
1757:Hui Zhang,
944:Curve plots
903:Curve plots
710:and ecology
546:Ray tracing
542:Ray tracing
519:Ray casting
515:Ray casting
231:isosurfaces
210:streamlines
2639:John Maeda
2417:John Tukey
2381:Harry Beck
2376:Fritz Kahn
2126:Photograph
1608:. (news),
1328:References
1272:OpenVisus
1116:PacificVis
459:perception
387:visulation
349:, such as
143:; and the
2721:Chartjunk
2689:Bang Wong
2584:Polo Chau
2290:John Snow
2265:John Venn
2146:Schematic
2131:Pictogram
1802:eagereyes
1780:Donna Cox
1778:Image by
1499:, p. 148.
1466:199591321
1402:209062044
708:geography
594:Rosenblum
531:Radiosity
527:Radiosity
470:Rendering
436:databases
337:, though
331:computers
149:John Snow
2838:Category
2707:Related
2116:Ideogram
1897:(2005).
1767:abstract
1746:abstract
1726:abstract
1632:Archived
1535:13968486
1364:(2008).
1282:ParaView
1257:MeVisLab
1252:Dataplot
1247:Bitplane
1242:Baudline
1226:Software
1131:See also
1099:SIGGRAPH
566:data set
535:ambience
482:lighting
440:internet
374:simulate
258:PET scan
185:analysis
147:used by
125:flow map
98:flow map
69:) is an
2589:Ben Fry
2101:Diagram
1807:7 April
1614:Caltech
1580:7698377
1471:25 June
1287:Tecplot
1152:General
1103:EuroVis
1049:Kitware
867:
837:
563:sampled
486:shading
478:texture
432:library
176:method
145:dot map
88:History
2709:topics
2180:People
2087:Image
1981:Fields
1578:
1533:
1495:
1464:
1400:
1292:tomviz
1277:Origin
1267:Orange
578:pixels
484:, and
421:visual
399:Kuwait
347:medium
301:and NH
245:Topics
206:glyphs
49:pollen
2161:Table
2096:Chart
2089:types
1576:S2CID
1531:S2CID
1462:S2CID
1398:S2CID
1312:VisIt
1307:VisAD
1302:Vis5D
1297:VAPOR
1237:Avizo
1232:Amira
765:VisIt
700:VisIt
582:voxel
497:image
474:model
378:model
285:water
2136:Plot
1845:and
1809:2017
1493:ISBN
1473:2021
1416:link
861:+2+2
844:−1)(
835:) =
826:of
457:and
351:film
229:and
208:and
2121:Map
1566:hdl
1558:doi
1523:doi
1452:hdl
1444:doi
1388:doi
1317:VTK
877:In
848:−2−
706:In
574:MRI
572:or
492:or
403:DoD
283:in
212:or
127:of
100:of
2840::
1841:,
1800:.
1761::
1740::
1716:,
1643:^
1612:,
1574:.
1564:.
1554:13
1552:.
1529:.
1519:33
1517:.
1513:.
1460:.
1450:.
1438:.
1434:.
1412:}}
1408:{{
1396:.
1386:.
1382:.
1348:^
1124:,
885:.
763::
698::
570:CT
480:,
430:,
408:.
389:.
155:.
120:.
1965:e
1958:t
1951:v
1811:.
1769:)
1748:)
1728:)
1582:.
1568::
1560::
1537:.
1525::
1475:.
1454::
1446::
1440:1
1418:)
1404:.
1390::
1368:.
863:i
859:x
855:/
852:)
850:i
846:x
842:x
840:(
833:x
831:(
829:f
317:.
305:.
303:3
299:6
260:.
104:.
62:(
55:.
20:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
