851:, above the tops of the turrets, and her sailing rig was reduced to a fore-and-aft rig. The ship recommissioned in 1868 for another tour with the Channel Fleet. She arrived in Bermuda in November 1869 where she became the local guard ship. In 1873 a proposal was made to remove her poop and forecastle, masts and deck fitting to convert her to a harbour defence monitor with all-around fire, but this was deemed too expensive and the project was abandoned in 1878. At some point during her service in Bermuda her rigging was removed and she was reduced to simple pole masts. The ship was fitted with
87:
37:
660:, notified Bulloch, who had purchased the ships in his own name, that the ships would be prevented from sailing if they were doing so to form part of the fleet of a nation currently at war. Bulloch therefore transferred ownership to some French bankers in June 1863, nominally on behalf of the Egyptian government, with the intention of transferring them to the Confederate flag once they were at sea. The
616:. The armour protection of the polygonal turrets was quite elaborate. The inside of the turret was lined with .5 inches (12.7 mm) of iron boiler plate to which T-shaped beams were bolted. The space between the beams was filled with 10 inches (254 mm) of
628:
was reinforced by 4.5-inch plates to give a total thickness of 10 inches. The turret roof consisted of T-shaped beams covered by 1-inch (25 mm) iron plates. Holes in the roof were provided for ventilation and for the gun captain to use to aim the turret.
611:
of wrought iron that was 4.5 inches (114 mm) thick amidships and thinned to 3 inches (76 mm) at the bow and 2.5 inches (64 mm) at the stern. It completely covered the hull from the upper deck to 3 feet 3 inches (0.99 m) below the
624:.75 inches (19.1 mm) thick that was covered in turn by 8 inches (203 mm) of teak. The 5.5-inch (140 mm) iron plates were bolted to the outside using bolts that ran through to the interior iron "skin". The area around the
740:
and operated as a commerce raider by the
Confederate Navy. In order to overshadow discussions as to the legality of their action, the British government purchased the ships on 8 August 1864 for £25,000 in excess of the contract price.
473:. A leather flap extended around the bottom of the turret and over the gap between the turret and the deck to reduce any water leakage through the gap. Like most contemporary ironclads they were fitted with a forged iron
461:, sat on circular turntables that were built on an iron radial platform with arms that rested on beveled wheels 18 inches (457 mm) in diameter. Each turret required a crew of 18 men to rotate them via a system of
404:, for two double-turreted warships designed for ramming attacks at a cost of £93,750 each, exclusive of armament and ammunition. They were intended, together with other warships, to break the Federal
544:
reached a maximum speed just over 11 knots (20 km/h; 13 mph) during her sea trials on 4 October 1865. The ships carried 336 long tons (341 t) of coal, enough to steam 1,210
564:
was the first ship to have tripod masts to reduce interference with the firing arcs of the gun turrets. The funnel was made semi-retractable to reduce wind resistance while under sail.
653:
488:
abreast the turrets. In service the ships proved to be buoyant and seaworthy although they rolled heavily which meant that their decks were often awash. Their flat bottom and small
579:
in each turret. The shell of the 9-inch (229 mm) gun weighed 254 pounds (115.2 kg) while the gun itself weighed 12 long tons (12 t). The gun fired its shell at a
465:
gears; one minute was required for a full 360° rotation. They could be rotated from inside the turret as well from outside. In emergencies the turret could be turned by a
1245:
497:
638:
696:
queried the
Egyptian government directly and confirmed that this was merely a subterfuge to disguise the true ownership of the vessels. The
492:, however, caused steering problems before the wind. Because of their seaworthiness and powerful guns they have been judged superior to any
730:
The legality of this seizure was seriously disputed, but the
British government had already been somewhat embarrassed by the activities of
1254:
1214:
881:
burst one of her 9-inch guns in 1867, but none of the 13 people in the turret was injured. She was given the same sort of refit as her
572:
No ordnance had been ordered by the
Confederates before the ships were seized in 1863, but in British service they mounted a pair of
1689:
1620:
1136:
1114:
1095:
1076:
595:. According to Parkes, going from full depression to full elevation supposedly took one hour in smooth water and with an even keel!
333:, which forbade British subjects to build or arm any ships for governments at war with governments friendly to Great Britain. The
625:
1238:
657:
516:, built by Lairds, driving a single three-bladed, 14-foot (4.3 m) propeller. Their engines were powered by four tubular
1305:
412:
401:
169:
583:
of 1,420 ft/s (430 m/s) and was credited with the ability to penetrate a nominal 11.3 inches (290 mm) of
330:
1503:
1231:
1684:
1319:
693:
1600:
1572:
1552:
1444:
1416:
1409:
517:
217:
1105:
Putnam, Arnold A. (1999). "The
Building of Numbers 294 & 295: The Laird Rams". In Preston, Antony (ed.).
1545:
1538:
1298:
326:
1517:
1471:
1388:
1277:
1270:
1641:
1524:
1353:
1284:
573:
521:
1564:
1464:
1331:
1312:
897:
from 1870 until 1880. That year she was sent to Hong Kong where she became the harbour defence ship.
576:
481:
451:
428:
271:
1531:
1456:
1402:
1395:
1360:
1346:
1291:
1194:
902:
770:
705:
513:
454:
308:
213:
329:
in 1862 and seized in 1863 by the
British to prevent their delivery. This would have violated the
36:
1634:
1612:
1586:
1510:
1496:
1489:
1374:
1367:
1262:
1129:
History of the
Confederate States Navy: From its Organization to the Surrender of its Last Vessel
1124:
890:
697:
592:
440:
1593:
1437:
1423:
1381:
1201:
1163:
1142:
1132:
1110:
1091:
1072:
804:
493:
315:
1339:
1065:
856:
557:
466:
397:
147:
1154:
Sullivan, David M. (1987). "Phantom Fleet: The
Confederacy's Unclaimed European Warships".
727:
under any circumstances and the
Surveyor of Customs finally seized the ships on 9 October.
1223:
641:
580:
462:
416:
394:
886:
864:
548:(2,240 km; 1,390 mi) at 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph). The ships were
529:
427:. They displaced 2,751 long tons (2,795 t). The hull was divided by 12 watertight
346:
17:
1678:
1627:
1430:
872:
840:
778:
737:
545:
525:
432:
390:
374:
354:
251:
70:
724:
584:
420:
1481:
882:
852:
731:
621:
537:
436:
338:
239:
150:
844:
782:
701:
689:
608:
588:
533:
458:
447:
358:
350:
342:
289:
283:
201:
92:
74:
1167:
1090:(reprint of the 1957 ed.). Annapolis, Maryland: Naval Institute Press.
894:
720:
716:
613:
474:
470:
424:
366:
189:
1174:
1146:
408:
of
Confederate coastal cities and to hold some Northern cities for ransom.
835:
Both ships were assigned to the Channel Fleet upon commissioning in 1865.
485:
664:
was attempting to acquire warships, so this was superficially plausible.
405:
322:
867:
in 1902 and sold in February 1903 for £736. She sank while under tow to
254:(2,240 km; 1,390 mi) at 10 kn (19 km/h; 12 mph)
661:
362:
868:
549:
489:
227:
1162:(1). Toledo, OH: International Naval Research Organization: 12–32.
848:
723:
Collector of Customs was instructed not to let the ship leave her
617:
1227:
1178:
536:(1,080 kW) which gave the ships a maximum speed of 10.5
889:
beginning in August 1868. The ship became the guard ship at
587:
armour at 100 yards (91 m). The guns could fire both
893:
from January through October 1870 and was then placed in
484:
that could be increased by 5-foot (1.5 m) hinged
688:. Lord Russel, prompted by the protests of the U.S.
1611:
1563:
1480:
1455:
1330:
1261:
743:
419:of 42 feet 4 inches (12.9 m), and a
1064:
1067:Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905
905:ship in 1898 and was sold in May 1922 for scrap.
443:. Their crew consisted of 152 officers and men.
415:of 224 feet 6 inches (68.4 m), a
1239:
349:guns. They were purchased for service in the
8:
345:that were designed to mount a pair of heavy
1246:
1232:
1224:
1175:
389:In March 1862, a contract was placed with
373:was sold in 1903 and sank under tow to be
45:in 1865, note that the funnel is retracted
715:after Lairds had made a request to begin
532:). The engines produced a total of 1,450
1255:Ironclad warships of the United Kingdom
913:
1034:
1032:
863:was sunk as a target in 1901; she was
607:-class ships had a complete waterline
31:
1046:
1044:
1001:
999:
997:
995:
985:
983:
981:
480:The ships had 6 feet (1.8 m) of
168:224 ft 6 in (68.4 m) (
7:
1071:. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press.
1013:
1011:
953:
951:
949:
947:
945:
935:
933:
931:
921:
919:
917:
353:in 1864 and served briefly with the
1215:List of ironclads of the Royal Navy
796:Sold February 1903, sank under tow
711:, to watch over the newly launched
637:In his letter of 29 October 1862,
560:to anchor the masts in place, but
292:: 5.5–10 in (140–254 mm)
180:42 ft 4 in (12.9 m)
27:British class of ironclad warships
25:
1109:. London: Conway Maritime Press.
540:(19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph).
520:at a working pressure of 20
512:-class ships had two horizontal
286:: 2–4.5 in (51–114 mm)
85:
35:
242:(19.4 km/h; 12.1 mph)
1063:Gardiner, Robert, ed. (1979).
672:, was given the cover name of
620:. This was covered by an iron
160:2,751 long tons (2,795 t)
1:
413:length between perpendiculars
402:Confederate States of America
270:2 × 2 - 9-inch (229 mm)
839:was refitted in 1867 with a
817:
814:
811:
792:
789:
786:
381:was sold for scrap in 1922.
1131:. New York: Fairfax Press.
514:direct acting steam engines
423:of 17 feet (5.2 m) at
1706:
639:Confederate Navy Secretary
577:rifled muzzle-loading guns
552:-rigged with three masts.
1652:
1565:Coastal defence ironclads
1332:Central battery ironclads
1212:
1190:
777:
644:named yard number 294 as
188:17 ft (5.2 m) (
138:
50:
34:
1690:Scorpion-class ironclads
400:, a naval agent for the
325:warships ordered by the
736:, a ship also built by
700:was prompted to send a
684:, received the name of
327:Confederate States Navy
139:General characteristics
18:Scorpion class ironclad
1086:Parkes, Oscar (1990).
652:. In January 1863 the
385:Design and description
331:Foreign Enlistment Act
212:1 shaft, 1 2-cylinder
1156:Warship International
272:muzzle-loading rifles
1659:Single ship of class
534:indicated horsepower
431:and the ships had a
1263:Broadside ironclads
1088:British Battleships
843:that connected the
779:Laird & Son Co.
391:Laird & Son Co.
357:before they became
71:Laird & Son Co.
1457:Barbette ironclads
818:28 September 1865
738:Laird Son & Co
719:in September. The
648:and number 295 as
498:United States Navy
469:as well as use of
337:class were masted
1672:
1671:
1221:
1220:
1125:Scharf, J. Thomas
1107:Warship 1999–2000
966:Putnam, pp. 10–11
857:quick-firing guns
828:
827:
654:Foreign Secretary
556:had conventional
298:
297:
16:(Redirected from
1697:
1685:Ironclad classes
1482:Turret ironclads
1248:
1241:
1234:
1225:
1184:-class ironclads
1176:
1171:
1150:
1120:
1101:
1082:
1070:
1051:
1048:
1039:
1036:
1027:
1024:
1018:
1015:
1006:
1003:
990:
987:
976:
973:
967:
964:
958:
955:
940:
937:
926:
923:
744:
694:Charles F. Adams
593:explosive shells
467:block and tackle
411:The ships had a
398:James D. Bulloch
341:, each with two
305:-class ironclads
91:
89:
88:
39:
32:
21:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1675:
1674:
1673:
1668:
1648:
1607:
1559:
1476:
1451:
1326:
1257:
1252:
1222:
1217:
1208:
1186:
1153:
1139:
1123:
1117:
1104:
1098:
1085:
1079:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1042:
1037:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1009:
1004:
993:
989:Sullivan, p. 17
988:
979:
974:
970:
965:
961:
956:
943:
939:Gardiner, p. 20
938:
929:
924:
915:
911:
833:
821:Sold June 1922
815:29 August 1863
642:Stephen Mallory
635:
601:
581:muzzle velocity
570:
506:
463:rack and pinion
387:
204:(1,080 kW)
197:Installed power
110:1865–1922
102:1862–1865
86:
84:
46:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1703:
1701:
1693:
1692:
1687:
1677:
1676:
1670:
1669:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1617:
1615:
1609:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1584:
1577:
1569:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1557:
1550:
1543:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1515:
1508:
1501:
1494:
1486:
1484:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1449:
1442:
1435:
1428:
1421:
1414:
1407:
1400:
1393:
1386:
1379:
1372:
1365:
1358:
1351:
1344:
1336:
1334:
1328:
1327:
1325:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1307:Prince Consort
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1275:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1243:
1236:
1228:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1151:
1137:
1121:
1115:
1102:
1096:
1083:
1077:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1052:
1040:
1028:
1026:Gardiner, p. 6
1019:
1007:
991:
977:
968:
959:
941:
927:
925:Scharf, p. 784
912:
910:
907:
832:
829:
826:
825:
822:
819:
816:
813:
810:
801:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
776:
767:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
666:North Carolina
646:North Carolina
634:
631:
600:
597:
569:
566:
546:nautical miles
505:
502:
450:, designed by
386:
383:
347:muzzle-loading
296:
295:
294:
293:
287:
279:
275:
274:
268:
264:
263:
260:
256:
255:
248:
244:
243:
236:
232:
231:
225:
221:
220:
210:
206:
205:
198:
194:
193:
186:
182:
181:
178:
174:
173:
166:
162:
161:
158:
154:
153:
145:
141:
140:
136:
135:
132:
128:
127:
124:
120:
119:
116:
112:
111:
108:
104:
103:
100:
96:
95:
82:
78:
77:
68:
64:
63:
57:
53:
52:
51:Class overview
48:
47:
40:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1702:
1691:
1688:
1686:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1619:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1585:
1583:
1582:
1578:
1576:
1575:
1574:Prince Albert
1571:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1556:
1555:
1551:
1549:
1548:
1544:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1534:
1530:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1502:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1493:
1492:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1443:
1441:
1440:
1436:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1427:
1426:
1422:
1420:
1419:
1415:
1413:
1412:
1408:
1406:
1405:
1401:
1399:
1398:
1394:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1373:
1371:
1370:
1366:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1304:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1288:
1287:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1274:
1273:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1230:
1229:
1226:
1216:
1211:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1185:
1183:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1138:0-517-23913-2
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1118:
1116:0-85177-724-4
1112:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1097:1-55750-075-4
1093:
1089:
1084:
1080:
1078:0-8317-0302-4
1074:
1069:
1068:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1050:Parkes, p. 81
1047:
1045:
1041:
1038:Putnam, p. 11
1035:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1017:Parkes, p. 79
1014:
1012:
1008:
1005:Putnam, p. 14
1002:
1000:
998:
996:
992:
986:
984:
982:
978:
975:Parkes, p. 80
972:
969:
963:
960:
957:Parkes, p. 78
954:
952:
950:
948:
946:
942:
936:
934:
932:
928:
922:
920:
918:
914:
908:
906:
904:
900:
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
876:
874:
873:Massachusetts
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
841:flying bridge
838:
830:
823:
820:
809:
808:
803:
802:
798:
795:
784:
780:
775:
774:
769:
768:
764:
761:
759:Commissioned
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
745:
742:
739:
735:
734:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
709:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
655:
651:
647:
643:
640:
632:
630:
627:
623:
619:
615:
610:
606:
598:
596:
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
575:
567:
565:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
503:
501:
499:
496:built by the
495:
491:
487:
483:
478:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
433:double bottom
430:
426:
422:
418:
414:
409:
407:
403:
399:
396:
392:
384:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
355:Channel Fleet
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
319:
313:
312:
306:
304:
291:
288:
285:
282:
281:
280:
277:
276:
273:
269:
266:
265:
261:
258:
257:
253:
249:
246:
245:
241:
237:
234:
233:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
215:
211:
208:
207:
203:
199:
196:
195:
191:
187:
184:
183:
179:
176:
175:
171:
167:
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19:
1642:
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1573:
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1465:
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1410:
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1396:
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1375:
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1354:
1347:
1341:Royal Alfred
1340:
1320:
1313:
1306:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1278:
1271:
1202:
1195:
1181:
1180:
1159:
1155:
1128:
1106:
1087:
1066:
1022:
971:
962:
898:
878:
877:
860:
853:searchlights
836:
834:
806:
790:4 July 1863
772:
732:
729:
725:graving dock
712:
707:
686:El Monnassir
685:
681:
680:, later HMS
677:
673:
669:
668:, later HMS
665:
658:Lord Russell
649:
645:
636:
633:Construction
604:
602:
585:wrought iron
571:
561:
553:
541:
509:
507:
479:
445:
441:boiler rooms
435:beneath the
410:
388:
378:
370:
339:turret ships
334:
317:
310:
302:
301:
299:
214:steam engine
157:Displacement
59:
42:
29:
1519:Dreadnought
1505:Devastation
1390:Bellerophon
883:sister ship
812:April 1862
787:April 1862
678:Mississippi
650:Mississippi
448:gun turrets
359:guard ships
343:gun turrets
290:Gun turrets
250:1,210
200:1,450
151:turret ship
1679:Categories
1526:Inflexible
1355:Enterprise
1321:Lord Clyde
1057:References
903:distilling
845:forecastle
793:July 1865
783:Birkenhead
753:Laid down
717:sea trials
713:El Toussan
702:guard ship
690:Ambassador
674:El Toussan
589:solid shot
524:(138
504:Propulsion
471:handspikes
459:Royal Navy
351:Royal Navy
259:Complement
209:Propulsion
107:In service
93:Royal Navy
75:Birkenhead
1665:Cancelled
1629:Abyssinia
1602:Conqueror
1554:Trafalgar
1466:Temeraire
1446:Belleisle
1432:Alexandra
1418:Swiftsure
1411:Audacious
1314:Royal Oak
1168:0043-0374
901:became a
887:Devonport
859:in 1890.
824:£118,769
805:HMS
799:£111,614
771:HMS
756:Launched
721:Liverpool
706:HMS
698:Admiralty
626:gun ports
614:waterline
528:; 1
482:freeboard
429:bulkheads
425:deep load
367:Hong Kong
316:HMS
309:HMS
224:Sail plan
190:deep load
123:Completed
81:Operators
1622:Cerberus
1613:Monitors
1581:Scorpion
1547:Victoria
1540:Colossus
1404:Hercules
1397:Penelope
1362:Favorite
1348:Research
1300:Minotaur
1293:Achilles
1196:Scorpion
1182:Scorpion
1127:(1977).
861:Scorpion
837:Scorpion
773:Scorpion
750:Builder
708:Majestic
670:Scorpion
605:Scorpion
568:Armament
554:Scorpion
510:Scorpion
486:bulwarks
406:blockade
377:, while
375:scrapped
371:Scorpion
335:Scorpion
323:ironclad
311:Scorpion
303:Scorpion
300:The two
267:Armament
148:Ironclad
131:Scrapped
67:Builders
60:Scorpion
1643:Cyclops
1636:Glatton
1588:Hotspur
1512:Neptune
1498:Captain
1491:Monarch
1472:Admiral
1376:Repulse
1369:Zealous
1279:Defence
1272:Warrior
1147:4361326
895:reserve
847:to the
831:Service
733:Alabama
662:Khedive
622:lattice
558:shrouds
518:boilers
494:monitor
457:of the
452:Captain
421:draught
395:Captain
363:Bermuda
321:, were
230:-rigged
218:boilers
185:Draught
115:Planned
1595:Rupert
1439:Superb
1425:Sultan
1383:Pallas
1286:Hector
1203:Wivern
1166:
1145:
1135:
1113:
1094:
1075:
899:Wivern
879:Wivern
869:Boston
865:raised
807:Wivern
682:Wivern
599:Armour
574:9-inch
562:Wivern
550:barque
542:Wivern
530:kgf/cm
490:rudder
437:engine
379:Wivern
318:Wivern
278:Armour
228:Barque
165:Length
90:
43:Wivern
909:Notes
765:Cost
762:Fate
747:Ship
538:knots
455:Coles
247:Range
240:knots
238:10.5
235:Speed
99:Built
62:class
1533:Ajax
1164:ISSN
1160:XXIV
1143:OCLC
1133:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1092:ISBN
1073:ISBN
891:Hull
855:and
849:poop
676:and
618:teak
609:belt
603:The
591:and
508:The
446:The
439:and
417:beam
365:and
314:and
284:Belt
216:, 4
177:Beam
144:Type
56:Name
41:HMS
885:in
526:kPa
522:psi
475:ram
393:by
361:at
262:153
252:nmi
202:ihp
170:p/p
1681::
1158:.
1141:.
1043:^
1031:^
1010:^
994:^
980:^
944:^
930:^
916:^
875:.
871:,
781:,
704:,
692:,
656:,
500:.
477:.
369:.
307:,
73:,
1662:X
1656:S
1247:e
1240:t
1233:v
1170:.
1149:.
1119:.
1100:.
1081:.
192:)
172:)
134:2
126:2
118:2
20:)
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