254:, the first dengue vaccine to be licensed for widespread use in countries where dengue is prevalent. Based on his review and analysis of Sanofi's Phase 3 clinical trial data in 2016, he determined that the vaccine posed a substantial danger of contracting severe dengue to individuals who had no prior history of dengue infection. Dr. Halstead and colleague Dr. Phillip Russell then proposed that the vaccine only be used after antibody testing, to rule out prior dengue exposure and avoid vaccination of sero-negative individuals. Sanofi rebutted their analysis and sold Dengvaxia to the Philippines, where 700,000 school age children were vaccinated. An alarming rate of hospitalizations were found in vaccinated children following a dengue exposure.
261:
That led to the vaccine being banned in the
Philippines, and Sanofi and Filipino public health officials were accused of malfeasance in proceeding with an unproven vaccination program. In 2018, Halstead served as an expert witness, testifying in person at Philippines Senate hearings on what became
237:
In 2003, he founded the
Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative (PDVI) at the International Vaccine Institute, with $ 55M from the Gates Foundation. PDVI was founded to promote and fund basic science and applied clinical research to accelerate the development of dengue vaccines. He served as director
274:
During the global COVID-19 pandemic that started in 2019, Halstead began researching protecting at-risk groups via antibody-based strategies including convalescent plasma and monoclonal antibodies. He published papers about vaccine development and potential risks associated with
257:
After an analysis of Phase 3 clinical trial data, Sanofi scientists concluded that
Halstead and Russell were correct and that Dengvaxia posed a significant risk for previously uninfected people. More cases were likely after vaccination due to a subsequent dengue infection.
176:. During this time, he studied the dengue virus, and published research on the isolation and propagation of dengue virus in tissue culture; secondary infections in children; and dengue infection of infants born to dengue immune mothers.
183:. In a memoir published in 2002, he wrote that he worked at the newly opened Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, where he also worked on his dengue data set at Yale and published white papers that consolidated his research.
1144:
205:
During this period he helped found
International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN), a global research and medical-education network designed to strengthen the research capacity of medical schools in the developing world.
193:
In 1968, Halstead retired from the Army. From 1968 to 1983, he served as the first chair of the
Department of Tropical Medicine and Microbiology at the University of Hawaii School of Medicine, in Honolulu Hawaii.
116:(ASTMH), he also co-founded the Children's Vaccine Initiative, and founded the Pediatric Dengue Vaccine Initiative. He has published hundreds of papers and book chapters about viruses and diseases.
1139:
186:
In 1967 he presented the first paper describing severe dengue hemorrhagic fever as the result of a second infection by one of the other four types of dengue, a phenomenon now known as
89:
known for his work in the fields of tropical medicine and vaccine development. He is considered one of the world's foremost authorities on viruses transmitted by mosquitoes, including
378:
227:
357:
217:
113:
542:
Halstead, Scott B.; Sukhavachana, Pairatana; Nisalak, Ananda (May 1964). "In vitro
Recovery of Dengue Viruses from Naturally Infected Human Beings and Arthropods".
202:
In 1983, Halstead joined the Health
Sciences Division of the Rockefeller Foundation in New York as associate director, eventually becoming the group's director.
305:
210:
128:
to Gordon P. and Helen
Halstead, Methodist missionaries based in Lucknow. In 1936, they moved to White Plains, NY, where he attended White Plains High School.
912:
784:
Halstead, Scott B.; Tugwell, Peter; Bennett, Kathryn (January 1991). "The international clinical epidemiology network (inclen): A progress report".
157:
156:, Japan, and began studying mosquito-borne viruses. He was then transferred to work as a virologist at the Department of Virus Diseases at the
604:
31:
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486:
152:
In 1957, Halstead was drafted by the U.S. Army
Medical Corps. He was assigned to the Department of Virus and Rickettsial Diseases (DVRD) in
169:
762:
754:
The
Politics of International Health: The Children's Vaccine Initiative and the Struggle to Develop Vaccines for the Third World
441:
1129:
109:(ADE), where the antibodies generated from a first dengue infection can sometimes worsen the symptoms from a second infection.
276:
187:
106:
752:
180:
223:
From 1995 to 1997, he was director of infectious disease research for the U.S. Navy, becoming chief scientist in 1997.
665:
666:"Dengue hemorrhagic fever: two infections and antibody dependent enhancement, a brief history and personal memoir"
720:
938:
832:
209:
In 1990, while with the Rockefeller Foundation, Halstead co-founded the Children's Vaccine Initiative, now the
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94:
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Halstead played an important role during 2015–19 as a consultant and later as a scientific critic of
136:
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809:
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231:
625:"Observations related to pathogensis of dengue hemorrhagic fever. VI. Hypotheses and discussion"
333:
Cohen, Jon (7 March 2016). "Q&A with Scott Halstead: Zika will subside in '5 years, max'".
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379:"Tropical Medicine celebrates a long record of faculty achievements and an upcoming birthday"
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559:
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474:
412:
358:"Dengue Vaccine Maker Struggles to Find a Diagnostic That Will Make Its Product Safe to Use"
338:
190:(ADE). This discovery influenced the future development of the dengue vaccine candidates.
958:"Epidemic of fear: How the trouble-ridden debut of a breakthrough vaccine sparked a panic"
279:
including vaccine hypersensitivity reactions, to assist with ongoing COVID-19 prevention.
132:
977:"COVID-19 and SARS Coronavirus 2: Antibodies for the Immediate Rescue and Recovery Phase"
555:
403:
Burke, Donald S. (1 March 1992). "Introduction to the 1991 Astmh Presidential Address".
1075:
Garber, Ken (5 June 2020). "Coronavirus vaccine developers wary of errant antibodies".
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In 1965 Halstead left Bangkok to join the Yale Arbovirus Research Unit, part of the
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From 1961 to 1965, Halstead served as the director of the United States Army's
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105:. He was one of the first researchers to identify the phenomenon known as
478:
507:
Glaser, Vicki (March 2007). "Interview with Scott B. Halstead, M.D.".
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471:
Clinical Insights: Dengue: Transmission, Diagnosis & Surveillance
90:
913:"Sanofi restricts dengue vaccine but downplays antibody enhancement"
1145:
Presidents of the American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
605:"How the World's First Dengue Vaccination Drive Ended in Disaster"
888:"Research on Dengue Vaccine Gets A $ 55 Million Foundation Grant"
102:
216:
In 1991, Halstead was president of global health organization
939:"Philippines Suspends Dengue Shots After Drug Firm's Warning"
1026:
Halstead, Scott B; Katzelnick, Leah (13 November 2020).
405:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
112:
A former president of the global health organization
228:
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences
68:
53:
45:
37:
21:
975:Halstead, Scott B.; Akkina, Ramesh (29 May 2020).
603:
469:Whitehorn, James; Farrar, Jeremy (February 2014).
837:American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
602:Yasmin, Seema; Mukerjee, Madhusree (April 2019).
218:American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
114:American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
234:, and remained a consultant with the U.S. Navy.
1140:Fellows of the American Academy of Microbiology
238:of research and development from 2003 to 2010.
833:"Q&A with Dengue Expert Scott B. Halstead"
306:Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization
211:Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization
8:
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1028:"COVID-19 Vaccines: Should We Fear ADE?"
629:The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine
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135:with a BA in sociology in 1951 and from
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316:
158:Walter Reed Army Institute of Research
72:Research with mosquito-borne illnesses
198:Public health and vaccine development
7:
937:Villamor, Felipe (1 December 2017).
664:Halstead, Scott B. (December 2002).
81:is an American physician-scientist,
670:Revista Cubana de Medicina Tropical
124:Scott Halstead was born in 1930 in
1032:The Journal of Infectious Diseases
509:Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases
14:
867:Marquis Top Health Care Providers
696:"Layne Halstead, Dietitian, Weds"
356:Branswell, Helen (17 June 2018).
226:In 1999, he began working at the
172:infectious disease laboratory in
16:American scientist and virologist
786:Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
751:Muraskin, William (2014-01-01).
956:Fry, Erika (26 November 2019).
287:In 2017, Halstead received the
623:Halstead, S. B. (April 1970).
188:antibody-dependent enhancement
107:antibody-dependent enhancement
1:
383:University of Hawaii at Manoa
160:(WRAIR), in Washington, D.C.
1135:American medical researchers
798:10.1016/0895-4356(91)90222-u
181:Yale School of Public Health
449:White Plains Public Schools
1161:
1085:10.1038/d41587-020-00016-w
721:"HEALTH & WELL-BEING"
417:10.4269/ajtmh.1992.46.239
28:
994:10.3389/fimmu.2020.01196
120:Early life and education
981:Frontiers in Immunology
442:"Dr. Scott B. Halstead"
343:10.1126/science.aaf4154
1130:American immunologists
1044:10.1093/infdis/jiaa518
728:Rockefeller Foundation
283:Awards and recognition
521:10.1089/vbz.2007.9998
301:Dengvaxia controversy
264:Dengvaxia controversy
242:Dengvaxia controversy
95:Japanese encephalitis
57:Physician-scientist,
1077:Nature Biotechnology
139:with an MD in 1955.
892:Wall Street Journal
863:"Scott B. Halstead"
610:Scientific American
556:1964Natur.202..931H
362:Scientific American
137:Columbia University
943:The New York Times
479:10.2217/ebo.13.741
232:Bethesda, Maryland
131:He graduated from
1038:(12): 1946–1950.
550:(4935): 931–932.
488:978-1-78084-384-1
289:Walter Reed Medal
174:Bangkok, Thailand
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164:Dengue research
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148:Early research
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126:Lucknow, India
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87:epidemiologist
79:Scott Halstead
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69:Known for
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63:epidemiologist
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921:. Retrieved
919:. 2017-12-01
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896:. Retrieved
894:. 2003-09-10
891:
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871:. Retrieved
869:. 2020-01-29
866:
841:. Retrieved
839:. 2019-04-11
836:
789:
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768:. Retrieved
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732:. Retrieved
730:. 2014-01-01
727:
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704:. Retrieved
702:. 1988-06-26
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451:. 2016-03-07
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385:. 2020-01-23
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291:from ASTMH.
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1125:1930 births
99:chikungunya
46:Nationality
1114:Categories
923:2020-09-20
898:2020-09-20
873:2020-09-20
843:2020-09-20
770:2020-09-20
734:2020-09-20
706:2020-09-20
455:2020-09-20
389:2020-09-20
312:References
154:Sagamihara
83:virologist
59:virologist
1101:219908416
252:Dengvaxia
220:(ASTMH).
1093:32641838
1062:32785649
1013:32574267
987:: 1196.
814:25472544
700:NY Times
682:15846943
572:14190111
529:17417962
295:See also
270:COVID-19
213:(GAVI).
49:American
1053:7454712
1004:7272599
962:Fortune
806:2037863
651:5419208
642:2591710
580:4190929
552:Bibcode
425:1558262
335:Science
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917:CIDRAP
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544:Nature
527:
485:
423:
143:Career
91:Dengue
1097:S2CID
810:S2CID
724:(PDF)
576:S2CID
445:(PDF)
170:SEATO
1089:PMID
1058:PMID
1009:PMID
802:PMID
759:ISBN
678:PMID
647:PMID
568:PMID
525:PMID
483:ISBN
421:PMID
103:Zika
101:and
85:and
61:and
41:1930
38:Born
1081:doi
1048:PMC
1040:doi
1036:222
999:PMC
989:doi
794:doi
637:PMC
560:doi
548:202
517:doi
475:doi
413:doi
339:doi
277:ADE
250:’s
230:in
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