410:
454:
Wilde 1889, cited in Not just lucky white heather and clothes pegs: putting
European Gypsies and Traveller economic niches in context. In: Ethnicity and Economy:Race and class revisited. C. Clark (2002). Strathclyde
3670:
3375:
674:
3037:
3665:
3128:
2631:
3513:
3008:
3138:
2889:
3052:
2862:
2735:
3692:
3427:
2959:
1211:
167:
163:
66:
3603:
3407:
3303:
2979:
2725:
3263:
3650:
3385:
3122:
3047:
2964:
2770:
2690:
443:
3640:
2715:
2700:
2680:
667:
3709:
3067:
2857:
2740:
1596:
3787:
3477:
3148:
2884:
2874:
3782:
3719:
3223:
3173:
3095:
2710:
2624:
2490:
436:
353:
3467:
3370:
3317:
3268:
3228:
3025:
3003:
2670:
2520:
1690:
1652:
1637:
964:
3797:
3677:
3613:
3472:
3417:
2879:
2869:
2842:
2685:
2500:
2360:
1710:
1669:
1659:
660:
3608:
3402:
3110:
3104:
2954:
2899:
2780:
876:
3792:
3687:
3682:
3364:
3032:
2847:
2217:
3802:
3618:
3598:
3533:
3447:
3380:
3338:
3298:
3253:
3118:
3020:
2986:
2817:
2617:
2495:
2449:
2444:
2368:
1978:
1962:
1841:
1700:
340:
and other folklorists recorded various conversations about the
Scottish Cant language, with speakers including
2276:
3807:
3777:
3593:
3208:
2991:
2904:
2894:
2775:
2720:
2434:
2378:
2373:
2293:
1966:
1916:
1674:
1216:
1034:
718:
706:
93:
3482:
3273:
3057:
2969:
2927:
2755:
2439:
1921:
1887:
1505:
1321:
1181:
1021:
916:
409:
3655:
3570:
3542:
3518:
3358:
3283:
3218:
2998:
2949:
2802:
2790:
2597:
2561:
1829:
1822:
1774:
1544:
1515:
1484:
1447:
1372:
1221:
1129:
1042:
903:
865:
3452:
2062:
937:
3699:
3645:
3632:
3233:
3077:
3072:
2936:
2918:
2730:
2675:
2566:
2546:
2515:
2388:
2248:
2222:
2123:
1994:
1812:
1404:
1231:
1193:
1188:
1062:
1009:
767:
369:
3742:
3714:
3437:
3432:
3412:
3330:
3278:
3243:
3196:
3042:
2974:
2944:
2832:
2812:
2765:
2705:
2695:
2662:
2652:
2505:
2052:
1897:
1741:
1695:
1629:
1382:
1144:
1029:
942:
740:
3660:
3523:
3390:
3163:
3158:
3100:
3013:
2837:
2760:
2745:
2551:
2403:
2393:
2348:
2110:
2037:
1934:
1779:
1754:
1749:
1642:
1470:
1355:
1176:
954:
949:
928:
889:
693:
683:
309:
16:
This article is about the Romani-Scots based cant of
Lowland Scotland’s Gypsy community. For the
2475:
1394:
3751:
3704:
3499:
3462:
3457:
3442:
3422:
3248:
3153:
3143:
2852:
2827:
2822:
2525:
2324:
2240:
2233:
2188:
2132:
1892:
1882:
1865:
1860:
1764:
1526:
1326:
1287:
1267:
1105:
997:
979:
831:
439:
345:
171:
3555:
3550:
3487:
3353:
3213:
3114:
2480:
2271:
2205:
2161:
2156:
2105:
2097:
1902:
1870:
1817:
1806:
1719:
1591:
1586:
1428:
1367:
1157:
1139:
974:
735:
727:
337:
3756:
3580:
3560:
3178:
3062:
2510:
2303:
2210:
2193:
2178:
2173:
2166:
1875:
1784:
1769:
1724:
1576:
1539:
1531:
1510:
1497:
1477:
1463:
1226:
1203:
1134:
1124:
1116:
896:
374:
186:
159:
85:
21:
17:
2470:
3565:
2591:
2485:
2465:
2417:
2309:
2183:
1853:
1620:
1559:
1338:
1295:
1252:
1169:
1164:
1053:
1003:
854:
805:
760:
753:
537:
357:
341:
46:
633:
609:
585:
561:
489:
142:
3771:
3584:
3348:
3288:
3257:
3133:
2556:
2541:
2383:
2139:
2090:
1907:
1846:
1759:
1705:
1664:
1602:
1549:
1433:
1360:
790:
513:
465:
349:
197:
Scottish Cant uses numerous terms derived from Scots which are no longer current in
3343:
3293:
3238:
2807:
2410:
1834:
1798:
1731:
1554:
1377:
1350:
1333:
1277:
1236:
818:
797:
198:
2057:
2317:
2227:
2200:
2072:
2018:
1926:
1608:
1569:
1152:
847:
811:
746:
261:
189:
element in the dialects of
Scottish Cant is put anywhere between 0.8% and 20%.
2750:
2067:
2047:
1412:
1082:
783:
402:
397:
3087:
2253:
2116:
2001:
1647:
1564:
1345:
1300:
1272:
1098:
135:
119:
2077:
293:
The percentage of Romani lexical vocabulary is said to be up to 50% of the
126:
3397:
3168:
2640:
2042:
1390:
56:
3506:
2083:
1679:
1581:
294:
3494:
1386:
652:
379:
2609:
182:
Up to 50% of
Scottish Cant originates from Romani-derived lexicon.
1304:
2613:
2346:
1960:
704:
656:
317:
301:
273:
243:
208:
202:
3631:
3579:
3541:
3532:
3329:
3316:
3195:
3086:
2935:
2926:
2917:
2789:
2661:
2534:
2458:
2427:
2359:
2291:
2149:
2030:
1986:
1977:
1797:
1740:
1628:
1619:
1524:
1496:
1455:
1446:
1421:
1403:
1314:
1286:
1260:
1251:
1202:
1115:
1090:
1081:
1020:
915:
864:
839:
830:
726:
717:
133:
117:
112:
82:
72:
62:
52:
42:
32:
323:
307:
279:
265:
255:
249:
226:
220:
214:
2625:
668:
427:
425:
423:
421:
419:
8:
3538:
3326:
3322:
3201:
2932:
2923:
2795:
2632:
2618:
2610:
2356:
2343:
1983:
1974:
1957:
1625:
1452:
1257:
1087:
836:
723:
714:
701:
675:
661:
653:
29:
390:
239:Loans from Gaelic include words like:
201:as spoken by non-Travellers, such as
7:
2960:Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland
67:Scottish Romani and Traveller groups
1237:Plautdietsch / Mennonite Low German
2596:Languages between parentheses are
14:
3386:Scottish Qualifications Authority
3123:Office of the Accountant of Court
3048:Member of the Scottish Parliament
408:
2600:of the language on their left.
1:
2491:Germanic substrate hypothesis
433:Travellers and their Language
156:Scots-Romani or Scotch-Romani
2736:Colonisation of the Americas
2521:Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law
1212:Mecklenburgisch-Vorpommersch
431:Kirk, J. & Ă“ Baoill, D.
2501:High German consonant shift
78:460 in Scotland (2011)
3824:
3408:Inventions and discoveries
3111:Supreme Courts of Scotland
1039:Westlauwers–Terschellings
692:According to contemporary
437:Queen's University Belfast
15:
3736:
3683:Scottish Episcopal Church
3365:Curriculum for Excellence
3325:
3204:
2798:
2648:
2583:
2355:
2342:
2264:
2218:Southern Schleswig Danish
1973:
1956:
713:
700:
690:
37:
3119:High Court of Justiciary
2496:West Germanic gemination
2450:Ancient Belgian language
2445:Germanic parent language
2389:Weser-Rhine (Istvaeonic)
1511:Austrian Standard German
3693:Free Church of Scotland
2980:International relations
324:
318:
308:
302:
280:
274:
266:
256:
250:
244:
227:
221:
215:
209:
203:
27:Cant spoken in Scotland
3274:Royal Bank of Scotland
2970:Great Seal of Scotland
2557:Preterite-present verb
2440:Proto-Germanic grammar
2394:North Sea (Ingvaeonic)
1506:German Standard German
1182:East Frisian Low Saxon
352:singing a version of "
314:"a non-Romani person")
3788:Languages of Scotland
3571:British Sign Language
3038:Members of Parliament
2965:Deputy First Minister
2803:Anglo-Scottish border
2771:Industrial Revolution
2562:Grammatischer Wechsel
1545:Namibian Black German
1516:Swiss Standard German
1485:Early New High German
1043:Mainland West Frisian
904:Harlingerland Frisian
297:; some examples are:
231:(galley), "a bothy".
168:Scottish Lowland Roma
3783:Languages of Ireland
3514:World Heritage Sites
2711:Wars of Independence
2567:Indo-European ablaut
2547:Germanic strong verb
2516:Germanic spirant law
1653:Southeast Limburgish
1149:Gelders-Overijssels
778:Irish Middle English
768:Early Modern English
634:"Tobar an Dualchais"
610:"Tobar an Dualchais"
586:"Tobar an Dualchais"
562:"Tobar an Dualchais"
538:"Tobar an Dualchais"
514:"Tobar an Dualchais"
490:"Tobar an Dualchais"
466:"Tobar an Dualchais"
370:Angloromani language
193:Use of archaic Scots
3304:International trade
2858:Mountains and hills
2766:Highland Clearances
2741:Glorious Revolution
2706:Davidian Revolution
2653:Outline of Scotland
2535:Synchronic features
2506:Germanic a-mutation
2459:Diachronic features
1809:in the broad sense
1742:East Central German
1696:Lorraine Franconian
1670:Transylvanian Saxon
1630:West Central German
1405:East Low Franconian
1315:West Low Franconian
356:" in both Cant and
354:Dance to Your Daddy
348:. He also recorded
213:"earth", both from
170:, primarily in the
164:Scottish Travellers
3798:Romani in Scotland
3661:Church of Scotland
3453:Royal National Mòd
3391:Education Scotland
3164:Scots property law
3159:College of Justice
3068:Secretary of State
2890:Biosphere reserves
2761:Lowland Clearances
2746:1707 Acts of Union
2552:Germanic weak verb
2361:Language subgroups
1711:Pennsylvania Dutch
1660:Moselle Franconian
1638:Central Franconian
1471:Middle High German
1222:Central Pomeranian
1177:Northern Low Saxon
890:Wangerooge Frisian
684:Germanic languages
638:Tobar an Dualchais
614:Tobar an Dualchais
590:Tobar an Dualchais
566:Tobar an Dualchais
542:Tobar an Dualchais
518:Tobar an Dualchais
494:Tobar an Dualchais
470:Tobar an Dualchais
3765:
3764:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3720:Ethnic minorities
3678:Roman Catholicism
3627:
3626:
3312:
3311:
3191:
3190:
3187:
3186:
3174:Prison population
3154:Sheriff principal
3149:Solicitor General
3144:Procurator fiscal
3053:Political parties
2913:
2912:
2691:Early Middle Ages
2607:
2606:
2592:extinct languages
2579:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2526:Great Vowel Shift
2338:
2337:
2334:
2333:
2287:
2286:
2133:Greenlandic Norse
1952:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1883:Southern Bavarian
1866:Northern Bavarian
1842:Highest Alemannic
1793:
1792:
1527:standard variants
1442:
1441:
1288:Standard variants
1247:
1246:
1106:Middle Low German
1077:
1076:
1073:
1072:
877:Saterland Frisian
406:(25th ed., 2022)
346:Jeannie Robertson
289:Romani influences
235:Gaelic influences
172:Scottish Lowlands
149:
148:
20:-based cant, see
3815:
3793:Anglic languages
3745:
3666:General Assembly
3556:Scottish English
3551:Highland English
3539:
3428:Oldest buildings
3327:
3323:
3269:Renewable energy
3214:Bank of Scotland
3202:
3115:Court of Session
3096:Advocate General
3026:Military history
3004:Local government
2933:
2924:
2796:
2716:Late Middle Ages
2701:High Middle Ages
2634:
2627:
2620:
2611:
2384:Elbe (Irminonic)
2357:
2344:
2272:Mainland Gutnish
2162:Swedish dialects
2124:Middle Icelandic
2098:Middle Norwegian
1987:Historical forms
1984:
1975:
1958:
1917:South Franconian
1903:Hutterite German
1871:Central Bavarian
1691:Rhine Franconian
1626:
1456:Historical forms
1453:
1368:Surinamese Dutch
1261:Historical forms
1258:
1091:Historical forms
1088:
840:Historical forms
837:
724:
715:
702:
677:
670:
663:
654:
648:
647:
645:
644:
630:
624:
623:
621:
620:
606:
600:
599:
597:
596:
582:
576:
575:
573:
572:
558:
552:
551:
549:
548:
534:
528:
527:
525:
524:
510:
504:
503:
501:
500:
486:
480:
479:
477:
476:
462:
456:
452:
446:
429:
414:
413:
412:
395:
338:Hamish Henderson
327:
322:"water" (Romani
321:
313:
305:
283:
277:
269:
259:
253:
247:
230:
224:
218:
212:
206:
145:
129:
122:
88:
30:
3823:
3822:
3818:
3817:
3816:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3803:Mixed languages
3768:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3748:
3741:
3724:
3623:
3575:
3561:Scottish Gaelic
3528:
3433:Performing arts
3308:
3183:
3179:Police Scotland
3082:
3063:Scotland Office
2909:
2870:Protected areas
2785:
2657:
2644:
2638:
2608:
2603:
2571:
2530:
2511:Germanic umlaut
2476:Holtzmann's law
2454:
2423:
2351:
2330:
2283:
2260:
2194:South Jutlandic
2179:Danish dialects
2145:
2026:
1969:
1940:
1922:East Franconian
1876:Viennese German
1789:
1770:Silesian German
1736:
1725:Central Hessian
1615:
1540:Namibian German
1529:
1520:
1498:Standard German
1492:
1478:New High German
1464:Old High German
1438:
1417:
1399:
1310:
1282:
1243:
1227:East Pomeranian
1217:Brandenburgisch
1204:East Low German
1198:
1125:Dutch Low Saxon
1117:West Low German
1111:
1069:
1035:Schiermonnikoog
1016:
911:
897:Wursten Frisian
860:
826:
709:
696:
686:
681:
651:
642:
640:
632:
631:
627:
618:
616:
608:
607:
603:
594:
592:
584:
583:
579:
570:
568:
560:
559:
555:
546:
544:
536:
535:
531:
522:
520:
512:
511:
507:
498:
496:
488:
487:
483:
474:
472:
464:
463:
459:
453:
449:
430:
417:
407:
396:
392:
388:
375:Beurla Reagaird
366:
335:
291:
248:"ears" (Gaelic
237:
195:
187:Scottish Gaelic
180:
141:
125:
118:
108:
89:
86:Language family
84:
75:
74:Native speakers
28:
25:
22:Beurla Reagaird
12:
11:
5:
3821:
3819:
3811:
3810:
3808:Cant languages
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3778:Scots language
3770:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3759:
3754:
3747:
3746:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3674:
3673:
3668:
3658:
3648:
3643:
3637:
3635:
3629:
3628:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3588:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3547:
3545:
3536:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3504:
3503:
3502:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3480:
3475:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3264:Power stations
3261:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3193:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3139:Lord President
3136:
3131:
3126:
3108:
3098:
3092:
3090:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3030:
3029:
3028:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3001:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2984:
2983:
2982:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2955:First Minister
2952:
2947:
2941:
2939:
2930:
2921:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2907:
2902:
2900:Municipalities
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2855:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2799:
2793:
2787:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2673:
2667:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2656:
2655:
2649:
2646:
2645:
2643: articles
2639:
2637:
2636:
2629:
2622:
2614:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2594:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2538:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2435:Proto-Germanic
2431:
2429:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2421:
2414:
2407:
2399:
2398:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2363:
2353:
2352:
2347:
2340:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2328:
2321:
2314:
2310:Crimean Gothic
2299:
2297:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2284:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2246:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2208:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2186:
2184:Insular Danish
2181:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2167:Rinkebysvenska
2164:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2136:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2120:
2108:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2094:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2027:
2025:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2013:Old East Norse
2010:
2008:Old West Norse
1998:
1990:
1988:
1981:
1971:
1970:
1961:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1941:
1939:
1938:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1919:
1914:
1913:
1912:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1888:South Tyrolean
1880:
1879:
1878:
1868:
1858:
1857:
1856:
1851:
1850:
1849:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1830:High Alemannic
1827:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1803:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1746:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1735:
1734:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1714:
1713:
1708:
1698:
1688:
1687:
1686:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1682:
1672:
1667:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1634:
1632:
1623:
1621:Central German
1617:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1562:
1560:Barossa German
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1522:
1521:
1519:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1502:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1474:
1467:
1459:
1457:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1437:
1436:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1397:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1358:
1353:
1348:
1343:
1342:
1341:
1339:French Flemish
1331:
1330:
1329:
1318:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1298:
1292:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1280:
1275:
1270:
1264:
1262:
1255:
1253:Low Franconian
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1242:
1241:
1240:
1239:
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1208:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1197:
1196:
1191:
1186:
1185:
1184:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1162:
1161:
1160:
1155:
1147:
1142:
1137:
1132:
1121:
1119:
1113:
1112:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1094:
1092:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1054:Westereendersk
1048:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1018:
1017:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1000:
995:
994:
993:
988:
985:
977:
972:
971:
970:
959:
958:
957:
952:
947:
946:
945:
940:
932:
921:
919:
913:
912:
910:
909:
908:
907:
900:
893:
881:
880:
879:
870:
868:
862:
861:
859:
858:
855:Middle Frisian
851:
843:
841:
834:
828:
827:
825:
824:
823:
822:
815:
803:
802:
801:
794:
787:
775:
774:
773:
772:
771:
761:Modern English
757:
754:Middle English
750:
743:
732:
730:
721:
711:
710:
705:
698:
697:
691:
688:
687:
682:
680:
679:
672:
665:
657:
650:
649:
625:
601:
577:
553:
529:
505:
481:
457:
447:
415:
389:
387:
384:
383:
382:
377:
372:
365:
362:
342:Lizzie Higgins
334:
331:
330:
329:
315:
306:"man" (Romani
290:
287:
286:
285:
278:"bad" (Gaelic
271:
236:
233:
194:
191:
179:
178:Classification
176:
154:(often called
147:
146:
139:
131:
130:
123:
115:
114:
113:Language codes
110:
109:
107:
106:
105:
104:
98:mixed language
92:
90:
83:
80:
79:
76:
73:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
47:United Kingdom
44:
43:Native to
40:
39:
35:
34:
26:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3820:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3688:Baptist Union
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3664:
3663:
3662:
3659:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3642:
3639:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3630:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3548:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3501:
3498:
3497:
3496:
3493:
3489:
3488:national flag
3486:
3485:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3470:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3384:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3366:
3362:
3361:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3259:
3258:North Sea oil
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3134:Lord Advocate
3132:
3130:
3127:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3112:
3109:
3106:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3085:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3058:Republicanism
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:
3031:
3027:
3024:
3023:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3010:
3007:
3006:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2977:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2916:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2839:
2836:
2834:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2800:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2756:Enlightenment
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2647:
2642:
2635:
2630:
2628:
2623:
2621:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2599:
2595:
2593:
2589:
2586:
2585:
2582:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2542:Germanic verb
2540:
2539:
2537:
2533:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2484:
2482:
2481:Sievers's law
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2428:Reconstructed
2426:
2420:
2419:
2415:
2413:
2412:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2327:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2290:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2241:Middle Danish
2238:
2236:
2235:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2182:
2180:
2177:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2125:
2121:
2119:
2118:
2117:Old Icelandic
2114:
2113:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2093:
2092:
2091:Old Norwegian
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2029:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1992:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1937:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1909:
1908:Gottscheerish
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1863:
1862:
1859:
1855:
1852:
1848:
1847:Walser German
1845:
1844:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1814:
1813:Low Alemannic
1811:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1804:
1802:
1800:
1796:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1778:
1776:
1775:High Prussian
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1760:Erzgebirgisch
1758:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1739:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1723:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1707:
1704:
1703:
1702:
1699:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1692:
1689:
1681:
1678:
1677:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1666:
1665:Luxembourgish
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1618:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1604:
1603:Klezmer-loshn
1600:
1598:
1597:Scots Yiddish
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1551:
1548:
1546:
1543:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1535:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1486:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1479:
1475:
1473:
1472:
1468:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1445:
1435:
1434:Meuse-Rhenish
1432:
1430:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1420:
1414:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1402:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1365:
1362:
1361:Kleverlandish
1359:
1357:
1354:
1352:
1349:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1323:
1322:Central Dutch
1320:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1306:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1279:
1276:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1266:
1265:
1263:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1238:
1235:
1234:
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1210:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1201:
1195:
1192:
1190:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1166:
1163:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1143:
1141:
1138:
1136:
1133:
1131:
1130:Stellingwarfs
1128:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1122:
1120:
1118:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1103:
1101:
1100:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1080:
1064:
1061:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:Wood Frisian
1049:
1046:
1045:
1044:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1019:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1005:
1001:
999:
996:
992:
989:
986:
983:
982:
981:
978:
976:
973:
968:
967:
966:
963:
962:
960:
956:
953:
951:
948:
944:
941:
939:
936:
935:
933:
931:
930:
926:
925:
923:
922:
920:
918:
917:North Frisian
914:
906:
905:
901:
899:
898:
894:
892:
891:
887:
886:
885:
882:
878:
875:
874:
872:
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719:Anglo-Frisian
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33:Scottish Cant
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3651:Christianity
3641:Baháʼà Faith
3534:Demographics
3478:coat of arms
3448:Prostitution
3381:Universities
3363:
3339:Architecture
3299:Unemployment
3294:Silicon Glen
3254:Oil industry
3239:Harris Tweed
3129:Crown Office
3021:Armed forces
2999:Independence
2987:Human rights
2818:Conservation
2808:Central Belt
2726:Early modern
2587:
2471:Verner's law
2416:
2411:Gotho-Nordic
2409:
2402:
2323:
2316:
2308:
2302:
2292:
2277:Fårö Gutnish
2239:
2232:
2138:
2131:
2122:
2115:
2096:
2089:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2000:
1993:
1933:
1835:Swiss German
1799:Upper German
1732:Amana German
1706:Volga German
1675:HunsrĂĽckisch
1601:
1555:Unserdeutsch
1550:Berlinerisch
1483:
1476:
1469:
1462:
1422:Cover groups
1378:Mohawk Dutch
1373:Jersey Dutch
1351:East Flemish
1334:West Flemish
1278:Middle Dutch
1232:Low Prussian
1104:
1097:
1063:Terschelling
1047:Clay Frisian
1022:West Frisian
1010:Wiedingharde
1002:
990:
950:Heligolandic
927:
902:
895:
888:
883:
866:East Frisian
853:
846:
819:Middle Scots
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796:
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782:
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641:. Retrieved
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199:Modern Scots
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134:
101:
38:Scots-Romani
3209:Agriculture
3073:Nationalism
2992:LGBT rights
2895:Environment
2776:Romanticism
2731:Reformation
2721:Renaissance
2686:Middle Ages
2681:Roman times
2676:Prehistoric
2486:Kluge's law
2466:Grimm's law
2249:Dalecarlian
2228:Perkerdansk
2201:East Danish
2019:Old Gutnish
1995:Proto-Norse
1935:Langobardic
1927:Vogtlandian
1755:Upper Saxon
1609:Lachoudisch
1570:Lotegorisch
1448:High German
1194:Westphalian
1189:Eastphalian
1153:Achterhooks
1030:Hindeloopen
965:Bökingharde
934:Föhr–Amrum
848:Old Frisian
812:Early Scots
747:Old English
455:University.
3772:Categories
3671:Moderators
3614:Scientists
3500:regimental
3443:Placenames
3438:Philosophy
3413:Literature
3043:Parliament
2975:Government
2945:Devolution
2928:Government
2885:Ecoregions
2875:Waterfalls
2751:Jacobitism
2318:Burgundian
2234:Old Danish
2223:Gøtudanskt
2206:Bornholmsk
2068:Vestlandsk
2048:Kebabnorsk
1785:Halcnovian
1750:Thuringian
1413:Limburgish
1383:Stadsfries
1356:Brabantian
1083:Low German
929:Eiderstedt
784:Fingallian
643:2021-12-01
619:2021-12-01
595:2021-12-01
571:2021-12-01
547:2021-12-01
523:2021-12-01
499:2021-12-01
475:2021-12-01
403:Ethnologue
386:References
333:Recordings
207:"buried",
162:spoken by
3656:Christmas
3609:Musicians
3604:Inventors
3543:Languages
3519:Festivals
3359:Education
3284:Transport
3224:Companies
3219:Charities
2950:Elections
2838:Highlands
2791:Geography
2598:varieties
2590:indicate
2404:Northwest
2349:Philology
2254:Elfdalian
2189:Jutlandic
2111:Icelandic
2086:(written)
2080:(written)
2058:Trøndersk
2038:Norwegian
2002:Old Norse
1823:Coloniero
1807:Alemannic
1780:Wymysorys
1648:Colognian
1643:Ripuarian
1565:Rotwelsch
1395:Midslands
1346:Zeelandic
1327:Hollandic
1301:Afrikaans
1273:Old Dutch
1099:Old Saxon
998:Karrharde
980:Goesharde
961:Mainland
694:philology
136:Glottolog
120:ISO 639-3
63:Ethnicity
3752:Category
3700:Hinduism
3646:Buddhism
3633:Religion
3463:Surnames
3403:Identity
3398:Hogmanay
3376:Colleges
3234:Forestry
3169:Udal law
3078:Unionism
3033:Monarchs
2937:Politics
2919:Politics
2853:Lowlands
2671:Timeline
2641:Scotland
2325:Vandalic
2268:Gutnish
2073:Vikværsk
2053:SognamĂĄl
2043:Bergensk
1893:Cimbrian
1861:Bavarian
1818:Alsatian
1765:Lusatian
1701:Palatine
1391:Amelands
1268:Frankish
1158:Sallaans
1140:Gronings
991:Southern
984:Northern
975:Halligen
924:Insular
741:dialects
364:See also
264:form of
245:cluishes
216:muild(s)
143:trav1235
57:Scotland
3743:Outline
3715:Sikhism
3710:Judaism
3619:Writers
3599:Artists
3507:unicorn
3468:Symbols
3418:Museums
3371:Schools
3354:Cuisine
3331:Culture
3318:Society
3279:Tourism
3244:Housing
3229:Fishing
3197:Economy
3009:History
2863:Highest
2843:Islands
2833:Geology
2813:Climate
2696:Kingdom
2663:History
2588:Italics
2211:Scanian
2157:Swedish
2106:Faroese
2084:Nynorsk
2063:Valdris
1898:Mòcheno
1854:Swabian
1720:Hessian
1680:Hunsrik
1592:Western
1587:Eastern
1582:Yiddish
1532:creoles
1429:Bergish
1145:Drèents
1135:Tweants
987:Central
969:Mooring
832:Frisian
791:Kildare
736:English
435:(2002)
295:lexicon
251:cluasan
225:, from
158:) is a
3757:Portal
3594:Actors
3581:People
3524:Comedy
3495:tartan
3473:anthem
3289:Whisky
3101:Courts
3014:Cities
2781:Modern
2304:Gothic
2174:Danish
2078:BokmĂĄl
1577:Yenish
1387:Bildts
1170:Veluws
1165:Urkers
1004:Strand
728:Anglic
442:
380:Shelta
319:pannie
303:gadgie
284:"old")
270:"ear")
262:dative
257:cluais
228:gailey
222:gellie
219:, and
204:mowdit
53:Region
18:Gaelic
3705:Islam
3566:Scots
3483:flags
3458:Sport
3423:Music
3349:Clans
3249:Media
2905:Munro
2880:Glens
2848:Lochs
2828:Flora
2823:Fauna
2418:South
2369:North
1979:North
1963:North
1305:Kaaps
1296:Dutch
943:Amrum
884:Weser
806:Scots
358:Scots
310:gadžó
275:shain
267:cluas
210:mools
3585:list
3105:List
2379:West
2374:East
2294:East
2150:East
2140:Norn
2031:West
1967:East
1965:and
1530:and
1525:Non-
955:Sylt
938:Föhr
873:Ems
798:Yola
707:West
440:ISBN
344:and
325:panĂ
281:sean
260:, a
185:The
166:and
160:cant
3344:Art
3088:Law
400:at
254:or
127:trl
3774::
3121:,
3117:,
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418:^
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