804:
1545:
970:
916:
865:
5901:
2185:
2268:
840:
in
England. The poets of the court therefore moved south and "began adapting the language and style of their verse to the tastes of the English market". To this event McClure attributes "the sudden and total eclipse of Scots as a literary language". The continuing absence of a Scots translation of
852:
amalgamated the
Scottish and English Parliaments. However the church, educational and legal structures remained separate. This leads to important professional distinctions in the definitions of some words and terms. There are therefore words with precise definitions in Scottish English which are
933:
2258:
Scotticisms are generally divided into two types: covert
Scotticisms, which generally go unnoticed as being particularly Scottish by those using them, and overt Scotticisms, usually used for stylistic effect, with those using them aware of their Scottish nature.
1252:
is common in names and in SSE's many Gaelic and Scots borrowings, so much so that it is often taught to incomers, particularly for "ch" in loch. Some
Scottish speakers use it in words of Greek origin as well, such as technical, patriarch, etc. (Wells 1982,
987:
934:
885:
884:
2631:
In some areas perfect aspect of a verb is indicated using "be" as auxiliary with the preposition "after" and the present participle: for example "He is after going" instead of "He has gone" (this construction is borrowed from
925:
3335:
Aitken, A. J. (1979) "Scottish speech: a historical view with special reference to the
Standard English of Scotland" in A. J. Aitken and Tom McArthur eds. Languages of Scotland, Edinburgh: Chambers, 85–118. Updated in
988:
4622:
5881:
979:
1532:
do not merge). Other speakers may pronounce it as , just as in many other accents, or with a schwa-like () quality. Others may pronounce it almost as in certain environments, particularly after
3436:
Scobbie, James M.; Hewlett, Nigel; Turk, Alice (1999). "Standard
English in Edinburgh and Glasgow: The Scottish Vowel Length Rule revealed". In Paul Foulkes; Gerard J. Docherty (eds.).
5974:
340:
5874:
779:
of
England after the 17th century. The resulting shifts to English usage by Scots-speakers resulted in many phonological compromises and lexical transfers, often mistaken for
5673:
1042:
Although pronunciation features vary among speakers (depending on region and social status), there are a number of phonological aspects characteristic of
Scottish English:
3490:
662:
721:
In addition to distinct pronunciation, grammar and expressions, Scottish
English has distinctive vocabulary, particularly pertaining to Scottish institutions such as the
1020:
The speech of the middle classes in
Scotland tends to conform to the grammatical norms of the written standard, particularly in situations that are regarded as formal.
5969:
5867:
763:
in a less predictable and more fluctuating manner. Generally, there is a shift to Scottish English in formal situations or with individuals of a higher social status.
636:
2821:
4327:
2902:
6162:
6019:
3552: – Listen to examples of Scottish English and other regional accents and dialects of the UK on the British Library's 'Sounds Familiar' website
2983:
Macafee, C. (2004). "Scots and Scottish English". in Hikey R.(ed.),. Legacies of Colonial English: Studies in Transported Dialects. Cambridge: CUP. p. 60-61
935:
3989:
5768:
4741:
4617:
4080:
2992:
Macafee, C. (2004). "Scots and Scottish English".. in Hikey R.(ed.),. Legacies of Colonial English: Studies in Transported Dialects. Cambridge: CUP. p.61
3583:
2596:
Often, lexical differences between Scottish English and Southern Standard English are simply differences in the distribution of shared lexis, such as
882:
4465:
2122:
751:
at the other. Scottish English may be influenced to varying degrees by Scots. Many Scots speakers separate Scots and Scottish English as different
3960:
989:
304:
5948:
4090:
3841:
1264:
1231:
655:
5818:
5603:
4004:
3814:
3687:
567:
5838:
4911:
4796:
4644:
4379:
3911:
2341:
1070:, as in Received Pronunciation or General American, but speakers have also traditionally used for the same phoneme a somewhat more common
883:
826:. Printing arrived in London in 1476, but the first printing press was not introduced to Scotland for another 30 years. Texts such as the
5319:
4555:
4359:
4255:
3931:
3677:
3257:
2808:
2775:
714:). Scottish Standard English may be defined as "the characteristic speech of the professional class and the accepted norm in schools".
5424:
4215:
1267:) except in borrowings like "glen" (from Scottish Gaelic "gleann"), which had an unvelarised l in their original form. In areas where
4602:
4337:
4074:
3999:
3916:
3722:
3642:
3470:
3417:
3387:
3368:
3349:
3050:
2224:
2202:
783:
by linguists unfamiliar with the history of Scottish English. Furthermore, the process was also influenced by interdialectal forms,
648:
4592:
3445:
Scobbie, James M.; Gordeeva, Olga B.; Matthews, Benjamin (2007). "Scottish English Speech Acquisition". In Sharynne McLeod (ed.).
6142:
5223:
3667:
3652:
3632:
3497:
5938:
5471:
5267:
4661:
4019:
3809:
3692:
2760:
2275:
Scottish English has inherited a number of lexical items from Scots, which are less common in other forms of standard English.
803:
365:
250:
2612:
The progressive verb forms are used rather more frequently than in other varieties of standard English, for example with some
836:
became King James I of England in 1603. Since England was the larger and richer of the two Kingdoms, James moved his court to
6567:
5788:
5228:
4734:
4429:
4100:
3836:
3826:
2206:
3427:
Scobbie, James M.; Gordeeva, Olga B.; Matthews, Benjamin (2006). "Acquisition of Scottish English Phonology: an Overview".
3191:
in Languages of Scotland, Association for Scottish Literary Studies, Occasional Paper 4, Edinburgh:Chambers 1979. p.106-107
5828:
5521:
5483:
4671:
4175:
4125:
4047:
3662:
3576:
2248:
842:
2247:
The use of Scottish English, as well as of Scots and of Gaelic in Scotland, were documented over the 20th century by the
6682:
6186:
5823:
5476:
5296:
5113:
4934:
4419:
4322:
4269:
4220:
4180:
3977:
3955:
3622:
726:
397:
345:
153:
3169:
in Languages of Scotland, Association for Scottish Literary Studies, Occasional Paper 4, Edinburgh:Chambers 1979. p.105
5199:
5189:
4787:
4754:
4750:
4629:
4565:
4424:
4369:
3831:
3821:
3794:
3637:
2974:
in Languages of Scotland, Association for Scottish Literary Studies, Occasional Paper 4, Edinburgh:Chambers 1979. p.86
2961:
in Languages of Scotland, Association for Scottish Literary Studies, Occasional Paper 4, Edinburgh:Chambers 1979. p.85
2765:
1493:
874:
752:
619:
462:
2894:
2868:
6197:
5783:
5498:
5356:
4767:
4560:
4354:
4062:
4056:
3906:
3851:
3732:
3462:
1874:
1331:
325:
2195:
6677:
6672:
5763:
5289:
5247:
5218:
5150:
5118:
4727:
4639:
4634:
4316:
3984:
3799:
3520:
1248:
745:
1283:
may be absent in many words in which it is present in other areas, but remains in borrowings that had velarised
6583:
6174:
5488:
5442:
5341:
5314:
5279:
5174:
5045:
4570:
4550:
4485:
4399:
4332:
4290:
4250:
4205:
4070:
3972:
3938:
3769:
3569:
3516:
Listen to BBC Radio Scotland Live (many presenters, such as Robbie Shepherd, have a noticeable Scottish accent)
2770:
2529:
2402:
for 'church' (from the same root in Old English but with parallels in other Germanic languages, e.g. Old Norse
1067:
1036:
1029:
679:
467:
260:
3327:
Abercrombie, D. (1979). "The accents of Standard English in Scotland.". In A. J. Aitken; T. McArthur (eds.).
2932:
in Varieties of English: The British Isles, Kortman & Upton (Eds), Mouton de Gruyter, New York 2008. p.48
2919:
in Varieties of English: The British Isles, Kortman & Upton (Eds), Mouton de Gruyter, New York 2008. p.47
6459:
5700:
5533:
5351:
5326:
4545:
4160:
3943:
3856:
3846:
3727:
3672:
2837:
2252:
1032:
892:
211:
158:
103:
93:
83:
3041:
Stuart-Smith, Jane (1999). "Glasgow: accent and voice quality". In Foulkes, Paul; Docherty, Gerard (eds.).
1035:. Similarly, the English spoken in the North-East of Scotland tends to follow the phonology and grammar of
6073:
5933:
5615:
5593:
5397:
5094:
5063:
4941:
4434:
4225:
4009:
3921:
3879:
3707:
2556:
2543:
2452:
2071:
1936:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1515:
1504:
1489:
1477:
1473:
1463:
1455:
1447:
1424:
1420:
1393:
1389:
1358:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1317:
1313:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1284:
1280:
1256:
1247:
1230:
1226:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1197:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1169:
1147:
1143:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1098:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1063:
1051:
788:
592:
577:
299:
27:
1407:
6511:
6132:
5813:
5733:
5598:
5493:
5206:
5140:
4894:
4884:
4879:
4607:
4522:
4494:
4470:
4310:
4235:
4170:
3950:
3901:
3754:
3742:
3178:
Aitken, A.J. Scottish Accents and Dialects in Trudgil, P. Language in the British Isles. 1984. p.105-108
2351:
2334:
1544:
1272:
730:
687:
587:
6001:
Countries and territories where English is the national language or the native language of the majority
5806:
4404:
3555:
4719:
2539:
There is a range of (often anglicised) legal and administrative vocabulary inherited from Scots, e.g.
2525:. These diminutives are particularly common among the older generations and when talking to children.
6241:
5235:
5128:
5068:
4946:
4919:
4836:
4651:
4597:
4584:
4185:
4029:
4024:
3888:
3870:
3682:
3627:
1047:
819:
741:
173:
98:
6295:
Countries and territories where English is an official language, but not the majority first language
6640:
6212:
6168:
6045:
6010:
5833:
5663:
5655:
5553:
5516:
5402:
5387:
5262:
5252:
5179:
5018:
4694:
4666:
4389:
4384:
4364:
4282:
4230:
4195:
4148:
3994:
3926:
3896:
3784:
3764:
3717:
3657:
3647:
3614:
3604:
2289:
1354:
1351:
1302:
1102:
780:
547:
442:
417:
412:
407:
330:
2244:, especially when used in English. They are more likely to occur in spoken than written language.
830:, printed in English, were widely distributed in Scotland in order to spread Protestant doctrine.
5723:
5690:
5625:
5608:
5463:
5284:
4831:
4821:
4612:
4475:
4342:
4115:
4110:
4052:
3965:
3789:
3712:
3697:
3265:
2569:
2533:
2321:
2313:
1512:
849:
833:
722:
612:
597:
562:
402:
309:
88:
3201:
1524:
may be more open for certain speakers in some regions, so that it sounds more like (although
1416:
are not differentiated in most Central Scottish varieties, as they are in some other varieties.
6443:
5728:
5713:
5685:
5645:
5437:
5419:
5374:
5123:
4899:
4863:
4703:
4656:
4451:
4414:
4409:
4394:
4374:
4200:
4105:
4095:
3804:
3779:
3774:
3466:
3413:
3383:
3364:
3345:
3046:
2589:
1025:
715:
699:
582:
557:
522:
472:
452:
427:
392:
387:
361:
236:
2822:"... Scottish Standard English, the standard form of the English language spoken in Scotland"
6594:
6562:
6452:
6267:
6097:
5890:
5848:
5801:
5753:
5680:
5588:
5578:
5573:
5563:
5409:
5382:
5240:
5160:
5105:
5003:
4985:
4809:
4804:
4502:
4439:
4305:
4165:
4066:
3154:
An idiom or mode of expression characteristic of Scots; esp. as used by a writer of English.
2755:
2383:
2325:
2309:
2285:
1021:
776:
772:
691:
552:
542:
517:
512:
502:
487:
482:
447:
422:
382:
285:
202:
113:
108:
2800:
6604:
5718:
5620:
5558:
5528:
5511:
5336:
5211:
5032:
5008:
4980:
4951:
4924:
4889:
4776:
4708:
4532:
4512:
4130:
4014:
2825:
2750:
2745:
2633:
2583:
2317:
2293:
1334:
is a distinctive part of many varieties of Scottish English (Scobbie et al. 1999), though
1268:
784:
602:
532:
497:
477:
457:
432:
207:
118:
75:
66:
3523:, and compare side by side with other English accents from Scotland and around the World.
3067:
818:
Convention traces the influence of the English of England upon Scots to the 16th-century
2666:(meaning "waiting for you"), which means something quite different in Standard English.
6534:
6260:
6231:
6148:
6085:
5943:
5793:
5708:
5668:
5568:
5392:
5145:
5050:
5040:
4956:
4758:
4517:
3543:
3496:. Stuttgart: Institut für Linguistik/Anglistik, University of Stuttgart. Archived from
2780:
2468:
2241:
1276:
1075:
1059:
812:
808:
760:
756:
748:
507:
492:
437:
335:
191:
168:
46:
20:
3526:
3011:
1338:
is generally regarded as non-phonemic. According to the Rule, certain vowels (such as
6666:
6180:
6126:
6030:
5843:
5758:
5414:
5331:
5272:
5184:
5135:
5013:
4995:
4536:
4300:
4240:
4209:
4085:
3454:
3305:
2730:
2510:
1071:
1055:
607:
6540:
6385:
6375:
6155:
5346:
5194:
5073:
4295:
4245:
4190:
3759:
2734:
2613:
1500:
1335:
1260:
827:
527:
198:
2945:
in Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics, Vol. 11, Elsevier, Oxford, 2005. p.33
3407:
986:
932:
881:
6482:
6432:
6390:
6254:
6218:
6137:
6050:
5953:
3539:
3406:
Burchfield, Robert (1994). "English in Scotland". In McClure, J. Derrick (ed.).
2184:
1573:
1548:
1028:
in that it is more phonologically, grammatically, and lexically influenced by a
163:
3287:
6380:
6325:
6119:
5257:
3702:
3536:
3081:
2838:"Teaching Secondary English in Scotland - Scottish Corpus of Texts and Speech"
2552:
2422:
2237:
2174:
1177:
1012:
1000:
996:
958:
946:
904:
6504:
6487:
6466:
6355:
6249:
4814:
4039:
1843:
734:
225:
3232:
3125:
2493:
The diminutive ending "-ie" is added to nouns to indicate smallness, as in
19:
For the Germanic language which diverged from standard Middle English, see
1507:
after a vowel, as in . These same speakers may "drop the g" in the suffix
6557:
6477:
6415:
6400:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6206:
6091:
6055:
6039:
5859:
4841:
4349:
4120:
3592:
2700:
2639:
The definite article tends to be used more frequently in phrases such as
2462:
2416:
823:
695:
268:
256:
56:
3012:"Place in history - First Scottish Books - National Library of Scotland"
6621:
6610:
6365:
6360:
6345:
6340:
6113:
6103:
6066:
5778:
5773:
5583:
4929:
4856:
4851:
4458:
2740:
2446:
2209: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
537:
264:
3515:
2654:
Speakers often use prepositions differently. The compound preposition
2350:
for pretty, attractive, (or good looking, handsome, as in the case of
1287:
in Gaelic, such as "loch" (Gaelic "loch") and "clan" (Gaelic "clann").
6616:
6410:
6405:
6370:
6350:
6225:
6108:
6079:
6060:
4846:
4826:
4446:
3397:
Macafee, C. (2004). "Scots and Scottish English". In Hikey R. (ed.).
3340:
Corbett, John; McClure, J. Derrick; Stuart-Smith, Jane, eds. (2003).
2428:
2346:
1196:
are two-syllable words for some speakers. The same may occur between
837:
3561:
3449:. Clifton Park, New York: Thomson Delmar Learning. pp. 221–240.
1361:. Lengthening also occurs before a morpheme boundary, so that short
3532:
3529:- Listen to a lot of the voice recordings from many parts of the UK
2267:
853:
either not used in English English or have a different definition.
6599:
6589:
6572:
6517:
6472:
6395:
6335:
6330:
3549:
2486:
2440:
2434:
2367:
2266:
1305:
in more traditional varieties, but are weakly aspirated currently.
1058:, although some non-rhotic varieties are present in Edinburgh and
802:
6577:
6551:
6545:
2328:
942:
5915:
5863:
4723:
3565:
2484:
for "It's your turn"; and the once notorious but now obsolete
2178:
1105:), Scottish English makes a distinction between the vowels in
3521:"Hover and hear" pronunciations in a Standard Scottish accent
3399:
Legacies of Colonial English: Studies in Transported Dialects
3378:
Hughes, Arthur; Trudgill, Peter; Watt, Dominic, eds. (2005).
2528:
The use of "How?" meaning "Why?" is distinctive of Scottish,
2513:). The ending can be added to many words instinctively, e.g.
1396:. Phonetically, this vowel may be pronounced or even . Thus
5899:
2696:
for "My hair needs washing" or "My hair needs to be washed".
2622:). The future progressive frequently implies an assumption (
2476:(witless person; now more common in the rest of the UK) and
968:
914:
863:
2382:
for school caretaker (these last two are also standard in
267:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
2953:
2951:
1476:
is often used in plural nouns where southern English has
995:
An example of a male with a background in both Fife and
5975:
List of countries where English is an official language
3409:
The Cambridge History of the English Language, volume V
1552:
2308:
for child (the latter from Common Germanic, cf modern
3139:
2240:
are idioms or expressions that are characteristic of
1275:) and in areas where it is still spoken (such as the
1085:
Although other dialects have merged non-intervocalic
1024:
is slightly different from the variety spoken in the
740:
Scottish Standard English is at one end of a bipolar
3101:
3099:
845:
into English was used in worship in both countries.
6526:
6496:
6442:
6424:
6303:
6281:
6240:
6196:
6029:
6009:
5987:
5962:
5926:
5746:
5699:
5654:
5634:
5546:
5462:
5455:
5373:
5305:
5159:
5104:
5093:
5086:
5031:
4994:
4971:
4910:
4872:
4795:
4786:
4775:
4766:
4583:
4531:
4493:
4484:
4281:
4268:
4147:
4038:
3887:
3878:
3869:
3741:
3613:
2501:for a young boy and young girl. Other examples are
235:
223:
218:
188:
146:
72:
62:
52:
42:
37:
5900:
2712:In Scottish English, the first person declarative
3438:Urban Voices: Accent Studies in the British Isles
3429:QMU Speech Science Research Centre Working Papers
3361:Urban Voices: Accent Studies in the British Isles
3359:Foulkes, Paul; Docherty, Gerard J., eds. (1999).
755:depending on social circumstances. Some speakers
5970:List of countries by English-speaking population
3556:Recent pronunciation changes in Scottish English
2685:is rare. Here are other syntactical structures:
1350:) are generally short but are lengthened before
718:for "Scottish Standard English" is en-scotland.
16:Varieties of English language spoken in Scotland
2403:
2573:for "acting sheriff". In Scottish education a
1271:was spoken until relatively recently (such as
1082:will be used to denote any rhotic consonant).
5875:
4735:
3577:
3447:The International Guide to Speech Acquisition
3412:. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
2895:"Vote on your favourite Scots law expression"
2623:
2617:
2536:. "Why not?" is often rendered as "How no?".
2414:). Examples of culturally specific items are
2303:
2297:
2279:
2271:An example of "outwith" on a sign in Scotland
656:
8:
6163:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
6020:Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
2577:is a list of selected job applicants, and a
2444:(also used elsewhere in the British Isles),
2409:
2284:, the Scots word for small (also common in
759:clearly from one to the other while others
6287:
5993:
5984:
5923:
5912:
5882:
5868:
5860:
5769:Comparison of American and British English
5638:
5459:
5167:
5101:
5090:
4792:
4783:
4772:
4742:
4728:
4720:
4490:
4278:
4274:
4153:
3884:
3875:
3747:
3584:
3570:
3562:
3126:"Accents of English from Around the World"
3124:Heggarty, Paul; et al., eds. (2013).
663:
649:
276:
34:
3344:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
3222:. Edinburgh: William Blackwood, pp. 53–54
2225:Learn how and when to remove this message
1562:(many individual words do not correspond)
1558:
1543:
941:An example of a working-class male from
3202:"Home : Oxford English Dictionary"
2792:
891:An example of a middle-class male from
628:
374:
353:
317:
291:
284:
261:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5949:English in the Commonwealth of Nations
3380:English Accents and Dialects (4th Ed.)
3331:. Edinburgh: Chambers. pp. 65–84.
3027:
3025:
1553:Scobbie, Gordeeva & Matthews (2006
1010:
956:
902:
3533:Scottish Corpus of Texts & Speech
3491:"Scottish Standard English and Scots"
2905:from the original on 8 February 2024.
637:Teaching English as a second language
7:
5839:Non-native pronunciations of English
3912:Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland
3342:Edinburgh Student Companion to Scots
3068:A Critical Introduction to Phonetics
2296:probably under Scottish influence);
2207:adding citations to reliable sources
3440:. London: Arnold. pp. 230–245.
2873:Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
2809:Scottish Corpus of Texts and Speech
2776:Scottish Corpus of Texts and Speech
1320:, chiefly after unstressed vowels:
1158:are pronounced differently, as are
2505:(child's wooden spinning top) and
14:
4338:Scottish Qualifications Authority
4075:Office of the Accountant of Court
4000:Member of the Scottish Parliament
6143:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
3475:. (vol. 1). (vol. 2)., (vol. 3).
3237:Dictionary of the Scots Language
2563:(standard in American English),
2183:
1011:Problems playing this file? See
984:
957:Problems playing this file? See
930:
903:Problems playing this file? See
879:
5939:History of the English language
2761:Languages of the United Kingdom
2681:is marginal for obligation and
2624:
2618:
2581:is a detailed job description.
2304:
2298:
2280:
2194:needs additional citations for
1419:In most varieties, there is no
1225:There is a distinction between
1054:is typically pronounced in the
771:Scottish English resulted from
5789:English-based creole languages
2893:Summan, Kapil (10 June 2020).
2625:You'll be coming from Glasgow?
792:
1:
5829:List of English-based pidgins
3218:Murison, David (1977, 1978).
2249:Linguistic Survey of Scotland
1392:, instead transferring Scots
843:the translation of King James
6187:United States Virgin Islands
5824:Linguistic purism in English
3688:Colonisation of the Americas
2521:, a small shop can become a
2450:(now widespread in the UK),
4925:London & Thames Estuary
3288:"Scottish Standard English"
2930:Scottish English: Phonology
2917:Scottish English: Phonology
2766:Regional accents of English
2737:of Scottish/British descent
1494:Pronunciation of English th
1140:are pronounced differently.
1046:Scottish English is mostly
822:and to the introduction of
620:List of dialects of English
6699:
5904:English speaking countries
5784:English as a lingua franca
4360:Inventions and discoveries
4063:Supreme Courts of Scotland
3463:Cambridge University Press
3128:. University of Edinburgh.
2869:"language subtag registry"
2660:Take that off of the table
2172:
1551:of Scottish English (from
1499:In colloquial speech, the
1332:Scottish Vowel Length Rule
326:English as a lingua franca
25:
18:
6638:
6290:
5996:
5983:
5922:
5911:
5897:
5764:Broad and general accents
5674:regional and occupational
5641:
5507:
5433:
5170:
5059:
4688:
4635:Scottish Episcopal Church
4317:Curriculum for Excellence
4277:
4156:
3750:
3600:
3558:(audio, starting at 7:10)
3144:. Oxford University Press
3141:Oxford English Dictionary
3071:. A & C Black. p. 180
2858:McClure (1994), pp. 79-80
2690:My hair is needing washed
2641:I've got the cold/the flu
2593:for "public prosecutor".
2342:Northern English dialects
2121:
2065:
1934:
1849:
1842:
1785:
1715:
1674:
1567:
834:King James VI of Scotland
708:Standard Scottish English
704:Scottish Standard English
247:
6584:Northern Mariana Islands
6175:Turks and Caicos Islands
4071:High Court of Justiciary
3001:McClure (1994), pp. 33ff
2801:"SCOTS - Corpus Details"
2771:Scottish Gaelic language
2587:is used for "mayor" and
2390:, meaning 'outside of';
1560:Scottish English vowels
1518:to in certain contexts.
1427:distinction; therefore,
1388:Scottish English has no
1316:where other accents use
1180:vowel may occur between
1120:Many varieties contrast
1068:postalveolar approximant
811:printed in the reign of
26:Not to be confused with
6460:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
4645:Free Church of Scotland
3932:International relations
3045:. Arnold. p. 210.
2567:for '"injunction", and
2517:(see above) can become
2404:
2329:
2253:University of Edinburgh
1503:may be an allophone of
1480:(baths, youths, etc.);
1446:vowel is most commonly
1150:are contrasted so that
1074:or, now very rare, the
789:spelling pronunciations
280:Part of a series on the
212:Unified English Braille
6074:British Virgin Islands
5934:English-speaking world
5905:
5891:English-speaking world
4942:Received Pronunciation
4226:Royal Bank of Scotland
3922:Great Seal of Scotland
3084:. section "Consonants"
2840:. Scottishcorpus.ac.uk
2662:). Scots commonly say
2534:Northern Irish English
2410:
2272:
1556:
1235:in word pairs such as
973:
919:
868:
815:
791:. (See the section on
775:between Scots and the
683:
568:San Andrés–Providencia
300:English-speaking world
249:This article contains
28:Sign Supported English
6512:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
6133:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5903:
5136:Multicultural Toronto
4523:British Sign Language
3990:Members of Parliament
3917:Deputy First Minister
3755:Anglo-Scottish border
3723:Industrial Revolution
3329:Languages of Scotland
3306:"Definition of AMN'T"
3220:The Guid Scots Tongue
3031:McClure (1994), p. 36
2669:In colloquial speech
2352:Bonnie Prince Charlie
2270:
1547:
1312:may be realised with
1273:Dumfries and Galloway
972:
918:
867:
841:the Bible meant that
806:
698:. The transregional,
398:Antiguan and Barbudan
5297:Western Pennsylvania
4466:World Heritage Sites
3663:Wars of Independence
3546:and Scottish English
2805:scottishcorpus.ac.uk
2694:My hair needs washed
2664:I was waiting on you
2649:I'm away to the kirk
2398:for a tangled mess;
2203:improve this article
1488:are pronounced with
1439:have the same vowel.
1365:contrasts with long
742:linguistic continuum
700:standardised variety
305:As a second language
174:Early Modern English
6683:Dialects of English
6169:Trinidad and Tobago
6046:Antigua and Barbuda
5834:Mid-Atlantic accent
5425:Trinidad and Tobago
4256:International trade
3810:Mountains and hills
3718:Highland Clearances
3693:Glorious Revolution
3658:Davidian Revolution
3605:Outline of Scotland
3262:Oxford Dictionaries
3065:Lodge, Ken (2009).
2899:Scottish Legal News
2720:are both possible.
2619:I'm wanting a drink
2600:for "live" (as in:
2378:for little finger;
2290:New Zealand English
1935:Vowels followed by
1564:
1454:), but may also be
1279:), velarisation of
1103:fern–fir–fur merger
154:Proto-Indo-European
5906:
5357:Pennsylvania Dutch
4613:Church of Scotland
4405:Royal National Mòd
4343:Education Scotland
4116:Scots property law
4111:College of Justice
4020:Secretary of State
3842:Biosphere reserves
3713:Lowland Clearances
3698:1707 Acts of Union
3459:Accents of English
3382:. London: Arnold.
3363:. London: Arnold.
3105:Wells, pp. 399 ff.
2716:and interrogative
2645:he's at the school
2602:where do you stay?
2570:sheriff-substitute
2394:for tip or spill;
2366:for splinter (cf.
2278:General items are
2273:
1559:
1557:
974:
920:
869:
850:Acts of Union 1707
816:
723:Church of Scotland
6660:
6659:
6656:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6634:
6633:
6630:
6629:
6277:
6276:
5857:
5856:
5742:
5741:
5542:
5541:
5451:
5450:
5369:
5368:
5365:
5364:
5290:Pacific Northwest
5151:Standard Canadian
5082:
5081:
5027:
5026:
4967:
4966:
4717:
4716:
4684:
4683:
4680:
4679:
4672:Ethnic minorities
4630:Roman Catholicism
4579:
4578:
4264:
4263:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4126:Prison population
4106:Sheriff principal
4101:Solicitor General
4096:Procurator fiscal
4005:Political parties
3865:
3864:
3643:Early Middle Ages
3503:on 21 April 2014.
3489:Jilka, Matthias.
3401:. Cambridge: CUP.
2707:Am I not invited?
2590:procurator fiscal
2340:and also used in
2235:
2234:
2227:
2166:
2165:
1080:⟨r⟩
990:
936:
886:
716:IETF language tag
673:
672:
346:Linguistic purism
331:European language
275:
274:
257:rendering support
253:phonetic symbols.
6690:
6678:Standard English
6673:Scottish English
6595:Papua New Guinea
6563:Marshall Islands
6453:Christmas Island
6288:
6284:
6268:Pitcairn Islands
6098:Falkland Islands
5994:
5990:
5985:
5924:
5913:
5902:
5884:
5877:
5870:
5861:
5754:English language
5639:
5460:
5443:Falkland Islands
5342:General American
5315:African-American
5168:
5102:
5091:
4793:
4784:
4773:
4744:
4737:
4730:
4721:
4697:
4618:General Assembly
4508:Scottish English
4503:Highland English
4491:
4380:Oldest buildings
4279:
4275:
4221:Renewable energy
4166:Bank of Scotland
4154:
4067:Court of Session
4048:Advocate General
3978:Military history
3956:Local government
3885:
3876:
3748:
3668:Late Middle Ages
3653:High Middle Ages
3586:
3579:
3572:
3563:
3550:Sounds Familiar?
3504:
3502:
3495:
3476:
3450:
3441:
3432:
3423:
3402:
3393:
3374:
3355:
3332:
3314:
3313:
3302:
3296:
3295:
3292:scots-online.org
3284:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3273:
3264:. Archived from
3254:
3248:
3247:
3245:
3243:
3229:
3223:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3198:
3192:
3185:
3179:
3176:
3170:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3151:
3149:
3136:
3130:
3129:
3121:
3115:
3112:
3106:
3103:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3078:
3072:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3038:
3032:
3029:
3020:
3019:
3008:
3002:
2999:
2993:
2990:
2984:
2981:
2975:
2968:
2962:
2955:
2946:
2939:
2933:
2928:Stuart-Smith J.
2926:
2920:
2915:Stuart-Smith J.
2913:
2907:
2906:
2890:
2884:
2883:
2881:
2879:
2865:
2859:
2856:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2834:
2828:
2819:
2813:
2812:
2797:
2756:Highland English
2733:of the Canadian
2718:Amn't I invited?
2627:
2621:
2558:
2545:
2530:Northern English
2413:
2407:
2384:American English
2332:
2307:
2301:
2286:Canadian English
2283:
2230:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2187:
2179:
2150:
2131:
2076:
2074:
2073:3-waydistinction
2068:
2049:
2026:
2007:
1983:
1964:
1945:
1938:
1918:
1897:
1852:
1825:
1807:
1783:
1759:
1737:
1713:
1692:
1672:
1648:
1628:
1608:
1588:
1578:Scottish English
1565:
1563:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1517:
1506:
1491:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1457:
1449:
1426:
1422:
1395:
1391:
1360:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1319:
1315:
1308:The past ending
1300:
1296:
1292:
1286:
1282:
1258:
1251:
1234:
1228:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1187:
1183:
1175:
1171:
1149:
1145:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1081:
1065:
1053:
1022:Highland English
992:
991:
971:
938:
937:
917:
888:
887:
866:
785:hypercorrections
777:Standard English
773:language contact
727:local government
692:English language
686:) is the set of
684:Beurla Albannach
676:Scottish English
665:
658:
651:
468:Falkland Islands
286:English language
277:
243:
228:
203:English alphabet
194:
124:Scottish English
78:
38:Scottish English
35:
6698:
6697:
6693:
6692:
6691:
6689:
6688:
6687:
6663:
6662:
6661:
6648:
6626:
6605:Solomon Islands
6522:
6492:
6438:
6420:
6299:
6282:
6273:
6236:
6192:
6025:
6005:
5988:
5979:
5958:
5918:
5907:
5893:
5888:
5858:
5853:
5738:
5695:
5650:
5630:
5538:
5534:Solomon Islands
5503:
5447:
5429:
5361:
5352:New York Latino
5327:American Indian
5307:
5301:
5162:
5155:
5096:
5078:
5064:Channel Islands
5055:
5023:
4990:
4963:
4906:
4868:
4778:
4762:
4748:
4718:
4713:
4700:
4693:
4676:
4575:
4527:
4513:Scottish Gaelic
4480:
4385:Performing arts
4260:
4135:
4131:Police Scotland
4034:
4015:Scotland Office
3861:
3822:Protected areas
3737:
3609:
3596:
3590:
3512:
3507:
3500:
3493:
3488:
3484:
3482:Further reading
3479:
3473:
3453:
3444:
3435:
3426:
3420:
3405:
3396:
3390:
3377:
3371:
3358:
3352:
3339:
3326:
3322:
3317:
3310:Merriam-Webster
3304:
3303:
3299:
3286:
3285:
3281:
3271:
3269:
3268:on 12 July 2012
3256:
3255:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3231:
3230:
3226:
3217:
3213:
3200:
3199:
3195:
3189:Scottish Speech
3186:
3182:
3177:
3173:
3167:Scottish Speech
3164:
3160:
3147:
3145:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3123:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3075:
3064:
3060:
3053:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3023:
3010:
3009:
3005:
3000:
2996:
2991:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2972:Scottish Speech
2969:
2965:
2959:Scottish Speech
2956:
2949:
2940:
2936:
2927:
2923:
2914:
2910:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2877:
2875:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2841:
2836:
2835:
2831:
2826:Ordnance Survey
2820:
2816:
2799:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2785:
2751:Hiberno-English
2746:Glasgow dialect
2726:
2714:I amn't invited
2658:is often used (
2634:Scottish Gaelic
2610:
2460:(roof gutter),
2294:Hiberno-English
2265:
2231:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2200:
2188:
2177:
2171:
2148:
2129:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2047:
2024:
2005:
1981:
1962:
1943:
1916:
1900:
1895:
1850:
1823:
1805:
1781:
1762:
1757:
1735:
1711:
1690:
1670:
1646:
1626:
1606:
1586:
1561:
1404:are homophones.
1269:Scottish Gaelic
1079:
1018:
1017:
1009:
1007:
1006:
1005:
1004:
993:
985:
982:
975:
969:
964:
963:
955:
953:
952:
951:
950:
939:
931:
928:
921:
915:
910:
909:
901:
899:
898:
897:
896:
889:
880:
877:
870:
864:
859:
801:
769:
744:, with focused
680:Scottish Gaelic
669:
318:Advanced topics
255:Without proper
241:
224:
208:English Braille
206:
195:
190:
184:
149:
142:
119:British English
79:
76:Language family
74:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6696:
6694:
6686:
6685:
6680:
6675:
6665:
6664:
6658:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6639:
6636:
6635:
6632:
6631:
6628:
6627:
6625:
6624:
6619:
6614:
6607:
6602:
6597:
6592:
6587:
6580:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6560:
6555:
6548:
6543:
6538:
6535:American Samoa
6530:
6528:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6515:
6508:
6500:
6498:
6494:
6493:
6491:
6490:
6485:
6480:
6475:
6470:
6463:
6456:
6448:
6446:
6440:
6439:
6437:
6436:
6428:
6426:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6358:
6353:
6348:
6343:
6338:
6333:
6328:
6323:
6318:
6313:
6307:
6305:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6297:
6291:
6285:
6279:
6278:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6264:
6261:Norfolk Island
6257:
6252:
6246:
6244:
6238:
6237:
6235:
6234:
6232:United Kingdom
6229:
6222:
6215:
6210:
6202:
6200:
6194:
6193:
6191:
6190:
6183:
6178:
6171:
6166:
6159:
6152:
6149:Sint Eustatius
6145:
6140:
6135:
6130:
6123:
6116:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6094:
6089:
6086:Cayman Islands
6082:
6077:
6070:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6035:
6033:
6027:
6026:
6024:
6023:
6015:
6013:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6003:
5997:
5991:
5981:
5980:
5978:
5977:
5972:
5966:
5964:
5960:
5959:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5946:
5944:British Empire
5941:
5936:
5930:
5928:
5920:
5919:
5916:
5909:
5908:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5879:
5872:
5864:
5855:
5854:
5852:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5796:
5794:Englishisation
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5750:
5748:
5744:
5743:
5740:
5739:
5737:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5705:
5703:
5701:Southeast Asia
5697:
5696:
5694:
5693:
5688:
5683:
5678:
5677:
5676:
5666:
5660:
5658:
5652:
5651:
5649:
5648:
5642:
5636:
5632:
5631:
5629:
5628:
5623:
5618:
5616:South Atlantic
5613:
5612:
5611:
5606:
5596:
5591:
5586:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5550:
5548:
5544:
5543:
5540:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5531:
5526:
5525:
5524:
5514:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5480:
5479:
5468:
5466:
5457:
5453:
5452:
5449:
5448:
5446:
5445:
5440:
5434:
5431:
5430:
5428:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5406:
5405:
5398:Cayman Islands
5395:
5390:
5385:
5379:
5377:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5360:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5323:
5322:
5311:
5309:
5308:ethno-cultural
5303:
5302:
5300:
5299:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5287:
5277:
5276:
5275:
5270:
5265:
5260:
5255:
5245:
5244:
5243:
5233:
5232:
5231:
5226:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5204:
5203:
5202:
5197:
5192:
5187:
5177:
5171:
5165:
5157:
5156:
5154:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5132:
5131:
5126:
5116:
5110:
5108:
5099:
5088:
5084:
5083:
5080:
5079:
5077:
5076:
5071:
5066:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5043:
5037:
5035:
5029:
5028:
5025:
5024:
5022:
5021:
5016:
5011:
5006:
5000:
4998:
4992:
4991:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4977:
4975:
4969:
4968:
4965:
4964:
4962:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4944:
4939:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4922:
4916:
4914:
4908:
4907:
4905:
4904:
4903:
4902:
4900:Stoke-on-Trent
4897:
4892:
4882:
4876:
4874:
4870:
4869:
4867:
4866:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4818:
4817:
4807:
4801:
4799:
4790:
4781:
4770:
4764:
4763:
4759:Modern English
4749:
4747:
4746:
4739:
4732:
4724:
4715:
4714:
4712:
4711:
4706:
4699:
4698:
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4682:
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4377:
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4335:
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4320:
4308:
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4293:
4287:
4285:
4272:
4266:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4216:Power stations
4213:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4188:
4183:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4163:
4157:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4123:
4118:
4113:
4108:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4091:Lord President
4088:
4083:
4078:
4060:
4050:
4044:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
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3980:
3970:
3969:
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3963:
3953:
3948:
3947:
3946:
3936:
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3934:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3907:First Minister
3904:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3882:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3852:Municipalities
3849:
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3807:
3802:
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3619:
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3611:
3610:
3608:
3607:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595: articles
3591:
3589:
3588:
3581:
3574:
3566:
3560:
3559:
3553:
3547:
3530:
3524:
3518:
3511:
3510:External links
3508:
3506:
3505:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3477:
3471:
3455:Wells, John C.
3451:
3442:
3433:
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3403:
3394:
3388:
3375:
3369:
3356:
3350:
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3333:
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3321:
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3315:
3297:
3279:
3249:
3224:
3211:
3193:
3180:
3171:
3158:
3131:
3116:
3114:Wells, p. 405.
3107:
3095:
3082:"Wir Ain Leid"
3073:
3058:
3051:
3033:
3021:
3003:
2994:
2985:
2976:
2963:
2947:
2934:
2921:
2908:
2885:
2860:
2851:
2829:
2814:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2783:
2781:Ulster English
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2710:
2709:
2697:
2609:
2606:
2482:It's your shot
2364:spail or skelf
2264:
2261:
2233:
2232:
2191:
2189:
2182:
2173:Main article:
2170:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2153:
2151:
2145:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2126:
2125:
2123:Reduced vowels
2119:
2118:
2108:
2105:
2104:
2093:
2090:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2063:
2062:
2052:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2020:
2010:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1986:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1967:
1965:
1959:
1958:
1948:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1931:
1921:
1919:
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1855:
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1808:
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1786:
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1591:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1579:
1576:
1570:
1569:
1542:
1541:
1519:
1497:
1471:
1440:
1417:
1405:
1386:
1328:
1306:
1288:
1277:West Highlands
1254:
1244:
1223:
1222:
1221:
1212:, and between
1176:is strong. An
1167:
1141:
1118:
1076:alveolar trill
1062:. The phoneme
1008:
994:
983:
980:Speech example
978:
977:
976:
967:
966:
965:
954:
940:
929:
926:Speech example
924:
923:
922:
913:
912:
911:
900:
890:
878:
875:Speech example
873:
872:
871:
862:
861:
860:
858:
855:
813:James VI and I
809:Book of Psalms
800:
797:
768:
765:
671:
670:
668:
667:
660:
653:
645:
642:
641:
640:
639:
631:
630:
626:
625:
624:
623:
615:
610:
605:
600:
595:
593:South Atlantic
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
550:
545:
540:
535:
530:
525:
520:
515:
510:
505:
500:
495:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
440:
435:
430:
425:
420:
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
385:
377:
376:
372:
371:
370:
369:
356:
355:
351:
350:
349:
348:
343:
338:
336:Modern English
333:
328:
320:
319:
315:
314:
313:
312:
307:
302:
294:
293:
289:
288:
282:
281:
273:
272:
259:, you may see
245:
244:
239:
233:
232:
229:
221:
220:
219:Language codes
216:
215:
196:
192:Writing system
189:
186:
185:
183:
182:
181:
180:
179:
178:
177:
176:
169:Middle English
159:Proto-Germanic
152:
150:
147:
144:
143:
141:
140:
139:
138:
137:
136:
135:
134:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
128:
127:
126:
82:
80:
73:
70:
69:
64:
60:
59:
54:
50:
49:
47:United Kingdom
44:
43:Native to
40:
39:
21:Scots language
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6695:
6684:
6681:
6679:
6676:
6674:
6671:
6670:
6668:
6646:
6642:
6637:
6623:
6620:
6618:
6615:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6606:
6603:
6601:
6598:
6596:
6593:
6591:
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6585:
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6579:
6576:
6574:
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6569:
6566:
6564:
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6516:
6514:
6513:
6509:
6507:
6506:
6502:
6501:
6499:
6495:
6489:
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6479:
6476:
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6427:
6423:
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6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
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6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6357:
6354:
6352:
6349:
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6342:
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6332:
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6322:
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6309:
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6280:
6270:
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6211:
6209:
6208:
6204:
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6199:
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6189:
6188:
6184:
6182:
6181:United States
6179:
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6170:
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6157:
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6107:
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6037:
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6034:
6032:
6028:
6022:
6021:
6017:
6016:
6014:
6012:
6008:
6002:
5999:
5998:
5995:
5992:
5986:
5982:
5976:
5973:
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5965:
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5955:
5952:
5950:
5947:
5945:
5942:
5940:
5937:
5935:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5925:
5921:
5917:Further links
5914:
5910:
5896:
5892:
5885:
5880:
5878:
5873:
5871:
5866:
5865:
5862:
5850:
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5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
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5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5814:International
5812:
5808:
5805:
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5799:
5797:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
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5772:
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5751:
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5707:
5706:
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5702:
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5523:
5520:
5519:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5506:
5500:
5497:
5495:
5494:Torres Strait
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5473:
5470:
5469:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5458:
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5444:
5441:
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5408:
5404:
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5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5376:
5372:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
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5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5321:
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5317:
5316:
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5312:
5310:
5304:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5283:
5282:
5281:
5278:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5250:
5249:
5246:
5242:
5239:
5238:
5237:
5234:
5230:
5229:North-Central
5227:
5225:
5222:
5221:
5220:
5217:
5213:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5207:New York City
5205:
5201:
5198:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5178:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5158:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5141:Ottawa Valley
5139:
5137:
5134:
5130:
5127:
5125:
5122:
5121:
5120:
5117:
5115:
5112:
5111:
5109:
5107:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5092:
5089:
5085:
5075:
5072:
5070:
5067:
5065:
5062:
5061:
5058:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5042:
5039:
5038:
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5034:
5030:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5010:
5007:
5005:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4993:
4987:
4984:
4982:
4979:
4978:
4976:
4974:
4970:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4949:
4948:
4945:
4943:
4940:
4936:
4935:Multicultural
4933:
4931:
4928:
4927:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4909:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4895:Black Country
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4886:
4885:West Midlands
4883:
4881:
4880:East Midlands
4878:
4877:
4875:
4871:
4865:
4862:
4858:
4855:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4843:
4840:
4839:
4838:
4835:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4825:
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4820:
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4813:
4812:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4802:
4800:
4798:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4765:
4760:
4756:
4752:
4745:
4740:
4738:
4733:
4731:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4710:
4707:
4705:
4702:
4701:
4696:
4692:
4691:
4687:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4640:Baptist Union
4638:
4636:
4633:
4631:
4628:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4590:
4588:
4586:
4582:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4552:
4549:
4547:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4538:
4534:
4530:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4460:
4457:
4453:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4445:
4441:
4440:national flag
4438:
4437:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4422:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4299:
4297:
4294:
4292:
4289:
4288:
4286:
4284:
4280:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4267:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4211:
4210:North Sea oil
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4192:
4189:
4187:
4184:
4182:
4179:
4177:
4174:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4146:
4132:
4129:
4127:
4124:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4107:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4086:Lord Advocate
4084:
4082:
4079:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4064:
4061:
4058:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4037:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4010:Republicanism
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3958:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3940:
3937:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3868:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3752:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3708:Enlightenment
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3612:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3594:
3587:
3582:
3580:
3575:
3573:
3568:
3567:
3564:
3557:
3554:
3551:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3528:
3525:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3509:
3499:
3492:
3487:
3486:
3481:
3474:
3472:0-521-22919-7
3468:
3464:
3461:. Cambridge:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3425:
3421:
3419:0-521-26478-2
3415:
3411:
3410:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3391:
3389:0-340-88718-4
3385:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3370:0-340-70608-2
3366:
3362:
3357:
3353:
3351:0-7486-1596-2
3347:
3343:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3324:
3319:
3311:
3307:
3301:
3298:
3293:
3289:
3283:
3280:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3238:
3234:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3215:
3212:
3207:
3203:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3184:
3181:
3175:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3143:
3142:
3135:
3132:
3127:
3120:
3117:
3111:
3108:
3102:
3100:
3096:
3083:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3069:
3062:
3059:
3054:
3052:0-340-70608-2
3048:
3044:
3037:
3034:
3028:
3026:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3007:
3004:
2998:
2995:
2989:
2986:
2980:
2977:
2973:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2954:
2952:
2948:
2944:
2938:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2912:
2909:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2889:
2886:
2874:
2870:
2864:
2861:
2855:
2852:
2839:
2833:
2830:
2827:
2823:
2818:
2815:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2796:
2793:
2787:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2736:
2732:
2731:Bungi dialect
2729:
2728:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2704:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2676:
2672:
2667:
2665:
2661:
2657:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2642:
2637:
2635:
2629:
2626:
2620:
2615:
2614:stative verbs
2607:
2605:
2603:
2599:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2571:
2566:
2562:
2555:
2554:
2549:
2542:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2526:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2511:confectionery
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2491:
2489:
2488:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2465:
2464:
2459:
2455:
2454:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2425:
2424:
2419:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2282:
2276:
2269:
2262:
2260:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2229:
2226:
2218:
2215:December 2011
2208:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2192:This section
2190:
2186:
2181:
2180:
2176:
2168:
2162:
2158:
2154:
2152:
2147:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2133:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2109:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2080:
2078:
2064:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2022:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2009:
2004:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1985:
1980:
1979:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1966:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1947:
1942:
1941:
1933:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1920:
1915:
1914:
1910:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1894:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1854:
1848:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1779:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1761:
1756:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1710:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1650:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1636:
1632:
1630:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1610:
1605:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1571:
1566:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1520:
1514:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1472:
1469:
1461:
1453:
1445:
1441:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1403:
1399:
1387:
1384:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1353:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1323:
1311:
1307:
1304:
1289:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1224:
1195:
1191:
1179:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1142:
1139:
1135:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1084:
1083:
1077:
1073:
1072:alveolar flap
1069:
1061:
1057:
1056:syllable coda
1049:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1016:
1014:
1002:
998:
981:
962:
960:
948:
944:
927:
908:
906:
894:
876:
856:
854:
851:
846:
844:
839:
835:
831:
829:
825:
821:
814:
810:
805:
798:
796:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
766:
764:
762:
758:
754:
750:
747:
743:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
719:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
666:
661:
659:
654:
652:
647:
646:
644:
643:
638:
635:
634:
633:
632:
627:
622:
621:
616:
614:
611:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
588:South African
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
509:
506:
504:
501:
499:
496:
494:
491:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
381:
380:
379:
378:
373:
367:
363:
360:
359:
358:
357:
352:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
327:
324:
323:
322:
321:
316:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
296:
295:
290:
287:
283:
279:
278:
270:
266:
262:
258:
254:
252:
246:
240:
238:
234:
230:
227:
222:
217:
213:
209:
204:
200:
197:
193:
187:
175:
172:
171:
170:
167:
166:
165:
162:
161:
160:
157:
156:
155:
151:
145:
125:
122:
121:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
111:
110:
107:
106:
105:
104:Anglo-Frisian
102:
101:
100:
97:
96:
95:
94:West Germanic
92:
91:
90:
87:
86:
85:
84:Indo-European
81:
77:
71:
68:
65:
61:
58:
55:
51:
48:
45:
41:
36:
33:
29:
22:
6644:
6641:Dependencies
6609:
6582:
6550:
6541:Cook Islands
6533:
6510:
6503:
6465:
6458:
6451:
6431:
6386:South Africa
6376:Sierra Leone
6294:
6266:
6259:
6224:
6217:
6205:
6185:
6173:
6161:
6156:Sint Maarten
6154:
6147:
6125:
6118:
6096:
6084:
6072:
6065:
6038:
6018:
6000:
5599:South Africa
5594:Sierra Leone
5347:Miami Latino
5236:Philadelphia
5224:Inland North
5129:Newfoundland
4972:
4947:West Country
4761:by continent
4603:Christianity
4593:Baháʼí Faith
4507:
4486:Demographics
4430:coat of arms
4400:Prostitution
4333:Universities
4315:
4291:Architecture
4251:Unemployment
4246:Silicon Glen
4206:Oil industry
4191:Harris Tweed
4081:Crown Office
3973:Armed forces
3951:Independence
3939:Human rights
3770:Conservation
3760:Central Belt
3678:Early modern
3498:the original
3458:
3446:
3437:
3431:. Edinburgh.
3428:
3408:
3398:
3379:
3360:
3341:
3328:
3320:Bibliography
3309:
3300:
3291:
3282:
3270:. Retrieved
3266:the original
3261:
3252:
3240:. Retrieved
3236:
3227:
3219:
3214:
3205:
3196:
3188:
3187:Aitken A.J.
3183:
3174:
3166:
3165:Aitken A.J.
3161:
3153:
3146:. Retrieved
3140:
3134:
3119:
3110:
3086:. Retrieved
3076:
3066:
3061:
3043:Urban Voices
3042:
3036:
3015:
3006:
2997:
2988:
2979:
2971:
2970:Aitken A.J.
2966:
2958:
2957:Aitken A.J.
2942:
2937:
2929:
2924:
2916:
2911:
2898:
2888:
2876:. Retrieved
2872:
2863:
2854:
2842:. Retrieved
2832:
2817:
2804:
2795:
2735:Metis people
2717:
2713:
2711:
2706:
2699:
2693:
2689:
2682:
2678:
2677:are scarce,
2674:
2670:
2668:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2644:
2640:
2638:
2630:
2611:
2601:
2597:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2564:
2560:
2551:
2547:
2540:
2538:
2527:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2492:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2439:
2433:
2427:
2421:
2415:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2345:
2337:
2335:West Frisian
2277:
2274:
2257:
2246:
2236:
2221:
2212:
2201:Please help
2196:verification
2193:
2160:
2156:
2141:
2137:
2115:
2111:
2100:
2096:
2086:
2082:
2059:
2055:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2017:
2013:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1974:
1970:
1955:
1951:
1928:
1924:
1908:
1904:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1835:
1831:
1815:
1811:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1727:
1723:
1719:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1682:
1678:
1662:
1658:
1654:
1638:
1634:
1618:
1614:
1598:
1594:
1568:Pure vowels
1549:Monophthongs
1508:
1501:glottal stop
1485:
1481:
1467:
1459:
1451:
1443:
1436:
1432:
1428:
1412:
1408:
1401:
1397:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1336:vowel length
1325:
1321:
1309:
1246:The phoneme
1240:
1236:
1193:
1189:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1137:
1133:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1078:(hereafter,
1041:
1019:
893:Renfrewshire
847:
832:
828:Geneva Bible
817:
770:
739:
720:
711:
707:
703:
675:
674:
617:
578:Sierra Leone
572:
248:
123:
32:
6483:Philippines
6433:Puerto Rico
6391:South Sudan
6255:New Zealand
6219:Isle of Man
6138:Saint Lucia
6051:The Bahamas
5954:Anglosphere
5724:Philippines
5517:New Zealand
5403:Bay Islands
5383:The Bahamas
5306:Social and
5263:New Orleans
5180:New England
5074:Isle of Man
5019:Port Talbot
4920:East Anglia
4837:Northumbria
4161:Agriculture
4025:Nationalism
3944:LGBT rights
3847:Environment
3728:Romanticism
3683:Reformation
3673:Renaissance
3638:Middle Ages
3633:Roman times
3628:Prehistoric
3272:25 December
3258:"interdict"
3242:25 December
3233:"interdict"
2941:Macafee C.
2608:Grammatical
2523:wee shoppie
2238:Scotticisms
2169:Scotticisms
1574:Lexical set
1513:debuccalise
1259:is usually
820:Reformation
761:style shift
757:code switch
548:New Zealand
443:Cameroonian
418:Bay Islands
413:Bangladeshi
263:instead of
242:en-scotland
164:Old English
148:Early forms
6667:Categories
6568:Micronesia
6381:Somaliland
6326:The Gambia
6120:Montserrat
5664:Bangladesh
5656:South Asia
5609:Cape Flats
5559:The Gambia
5484:Aboriginal
5320:vernacular
5285:California
5258:High Tider
5253:Appalachia
5114:Aboriginal
5046:South-West
4890:Birmingham
4847:Sunderland
4832:Manchester
4822:Lancashire
4623:Moderators
4566:Scientists
4452:regimental
4395:Placenames
4390:Philosophy
4365:Literature
3995:Parliament
3927:Government
3897:Devolution
3880:Government
3837:Ecoregions
3827:Waterfalls
3703:Jacobitism
3537:Multimedia
3527:BBC Voices
2788:References
2703:I invited?
2575:short leet
2557:/ˈproːvən/
2509:(piece of
2374:for bolt;
2358:for fine;
2175:Scotticism
1844:Diphthongs
1357:or before
1355:fricatives
1204:, between
1178:epenthetic
1050:, meaning
1033:substratum
1013:media help
1001:Iain Banks
997:Inverclyde
959:media help
947:Ian Rankin
905:media help
767:Background
702:is called
694:spoken in
618:see also:
613:Zimbabwean
598:Sri Lankan
563:Philippine
403:Australian
388:Anguillian
99:Ingvaeonic
6643:shown in
6505:Gibraltar
6488:Singapore
6467:Hong Kong
6356:Mauritius
6250:Australia
5729:Singapore
5691:Sri Lanka
5646:Hong Kong
5472:variation
5464:Australia
5375:Caribbean
5241:Baltimore
5124:Lunenburg
5069:Gibraltar
4986:Highlands
4864:Yorkshire
4827:Liverpool
4608:Christmas
4561:Musicians
4556:Inventors
4495:Languages
4471:Festivals
4311:Education
4236:Transport
4176:Companies
4171:Charities
3902:Elections
3790:Highlands
3743:Geography
2565:interdict
2544:/ˈdɛpjut/
2480:(rural);
2362:for big;
2322:Icelandic
2314:Norwegian
1581:Examples
1303:aspirated
1261:velarised
1066:may be a
857:Phonology
793:phonology
753:registers
737:systems.
731:education
688:varieties
583:Singapore
558:Pakistani
523:Malaysian
453:Caribbean
428:Bermudian
393:Antarctic
362:Phonology
354:Phonology
341:Loanwords
226:ISO 639-3
63:Ethnicity
6558:Kiribati
6478:Pakistan
6425:Americas
6416:Zimbabwe
6401:Tanzania
6321:Eswatini
6316:Cameroon
6311:Botswana
6207:Guernsey
6092:Dominica
6056:Barbados
6040:Anguilla
6031:Americas
5927:Articles
5849:Standard
5819:Learning
5807:Nerrière
5798:Globish
5714:Malaysia
5686:Pakistan
5626:Zimbabwe
5554:Cameroon
5388:Barbados
5119:Atlantic
5087:Americas
5004:Abercraf
4973:Scotland
4952:Cornwall
4873:Midlands
4857:Teesside
4852:Tyneside
4842:Pitmatic
4805:Cheshire
4751:Dialects
4704:Category
4652:Hinduism
4598:Buddhism
4585:Religion
4415:Surnames
4355:Identity
4350:Hogmanay
4328:Colleges
4186:Forestry
4121:Udal law
4030:Unionism
3985:Monarchs
3889:Politics
3871:Politics
3805:Lowlands
3623:Timeline
3593:Scotland
3457:(1982).
3148:21 April
3088:18 March
2903:Archived
2878:13 April
2844:30 April
2724:See also
2478:landward
2463:teuchter
2417:Hogmanay
2408:, Dutch
1301:are not
1188:so that
1132:so that
1026:Lowlands
824:printing
795:below.)
729:and the
696:Scotland
629:Teaching
573:Scottish
553:Nigerian
538:Namibian
518:Malawian
513:Liberian
503:Jamaican
488:Gustavia
483:Ghanaian
448:Canadian
423:Belizean
383:American
375:Dialects
269:Help:IPA
89:Germanic
67:Scottish
57:Scotland
6645:italics
6622:Vanuatu
6611:Tokelau
6527:Oceania
6366:Nigeria
6361:Namibia
6346:Liberia
6341:Lesotho
6242:Oceania
6213:Ireland
6114:Jamaica
6104:Grenada
6067:Bermuda
5779:Engrish
5774:E-Prime
5747:Related
5734:Vietnam
5719:Myanmar
5589:Nigeria
5584:Namibia
5574:Liberia
5456:Oceania
5438:Bermuda
5410:Jamaica
5337:Chicano
5175:Midland
5161:United
5097:America
5033:Ireland
5009:Cardiff
4981:Glasgow
4930:Cockney
4810:Cumbria
4788:England
4779:Britain
4755:accents
4695:Outline
4667:Sikhism
4662:Judaism
4571:Writers
4551:Artists
4459:unicorn
4420:Symbols
4370:Museums
4323:Schools
4306:Cuisine
4283:Culture
4270:Society
4231:Tourism
4196:Housing
4181:Fishing
4149:Economy
3961:History
3815:Highest
3795:Islands
3785:Geology
3765:Climate
3648:Kingdom
3615:History
3206:oed.com
2741:Dialect
2584:Provost
2519:bairnie
2507:sweetie
2447:oatcake
2388:outwith
2380:janitor
2326:Faroese
2310:Swedish
2263:Lexical
2251:at the
2140:s, cupp
1882:nd, str
1736:THOUGHT
1703:ther, p
1492:. (See
1466:(as in
1458:(as in
1450:(as in
1326:carried
1172:before
1128:before
1097:before
1060:Glasgow
799:History
781:mergers
690:of the
603:Ugandan
533:Myanmar
478:Gambian
463:England
458:Cornish
433:British
366:History
310:History
265:Unicode
114:English
6617:Tuvalu
6497:Europe
6411:Zambia
6406:Uganda
6371:Rwanda
6351:Malawi
6304:Africa
6283:
6226:Jersey
6198:Europe
6109:Guyana
6080:Canada
6061:Belize
6011:Africa
5989:
5802:Gogate
5709:Brunei
5621:Uganda
5604:accent
5579:Malawi
5547:Africa
5522:accent
5477:accent
5420:Samaná
5393:Bequia
5212:accent
5185:Boston
5163:States
5146:Quebec
5106:Canada
5095:North
5051:Ulster
5041:Dublin
4957:Dorset
4815:Barrow
4777:Great
4768:Europe
4709:Portal
4546:Actors
4533:People
4476:Comedy
4447:tartan
4425:anthem
4241:Whisky
4053:Courts
3966:Cities
3733:Modern
3540:corpus
3469:
3416:
3386:
3367:
3348:
3049:
3016:nls.uk
2656:off of
2561:proved
2553:proven
2548:deputy
2541:depute
2503:peirie
2499:lassie
2495:laddie
2474:numpty
2453:tablet
2429:haggis
2405:kirkja
2396:fankle
2376:pinkie
2360:muckle
2347:bonnie
2318:Danish
2159:, merc
2149:LETTER
1982:SQUARE
1917:CHOICE
1886:fe, wr
1865:ve, wr
1607:FLEECE
1468:fleece
1435:, and
1413:caught
1383:sighed
1377:, and
1375:crewed
1352:voiced
1346:, and
1265:dark l
1134:hoarse
1113:, and
1048:rhotic
1030:Gaelic
838:London
543:Nepali
508:Kenyan
493:Indian
473:Fijian
438:Brunei
292:Topics
109:Anglic
53:Region
6600:Samoa
6590:Palau
6573:Nauru
6518:Malta
6473:India
6396:Sudan
6336:Kenya
6331:Ghana
5963:Lists
5844:Plain
5759:Basic
5681:Nepal
5669:India
5569:Kenya
5564:Ghana
5529:Palau
5489:South
5332:Cajun
5273:Texas
5268:Older
5248:South
5219:North
5195:Maine
5014:Gower
4996:Wales
4912:South
4797:North
4657:Islam
4518:Scots
4435:flags
4410:Sport
4375:Music
4301:Clans
4201:Media
3857:Munro
3832:Glens
3800:Lochs
3780:Flora
3775:Fauna
3544:Scots
3501:(PDF)
3494:(PDF)
3336:next.
2943:Scots
2701:Amn't
2675:ought
2671:shall
2579:remit
2515:bairn
2487:tawse
2441:scone
2435:bothy
2423:caber
2368:spall
2305:bairn
2242:Scots
2130:COMMA
2114:se, f
2067:NURSE
2025:FORCE
2006:NORTH
1944:START
1896:MOUTH
1861:, str
1851:PRICE
1824:STRUT
1814:ed, f
1806:GOOSE
1773:ne, t
1769:d, st
1699:lm, f
1627:DRESS
1486:booth
1462:) or
1444:happY
1381:with
1373:with
1371:crude
1367:kneed
1322:ended
1263:(see
1253:408).
1241:which
1237:witch
1194:world
1152:shore
1138:horse
1037:Doric
749:Scots
746:broad
735:legal
608:Welsh
498:Irish
408:Bajan
199:Latin
6578:Niue
6552:Guam
6546:Fiji
6444:Asia
6127:Saba
5635:Asia
5512:Fiji
5499:West
5415:Saba
5280:West
5200:West
5190:East
4753:and
4537:list
4057:List
3467:ISBN
3414:ISBN
3384:ISBN
3365:ISBN
3346:ISBN
3274:2015
3244:2015
3150:2008
3090:2012
3047:ISBN
2880:2015
2846:2010
2705:for
2679:must
2673:and
2598:stay
2559:for
2546:for
2532:and
2497:and
2458:rone
2411:kerk
2400:kirk
2392:cowp
2372:snib
2356:braw
2338:bern
2330:barn
2299:wean
2292:and
2155:runn
2099:d, f
2085:d, f
2048:CURE
2016:n, f
1963:NEAR
1869:the
1834:d, p
1796:t, p
1792:d, f
1782:FOOT
1758:GOAT
1750:augh
1744:d, p
1726:t, c
1722:d, p
1691:PALM
1681:d, p
1671:TRAP
1647:FACE
1637:d, p
1617:d, p
1597:d, p
1555::7))
1538:/hw/
1536:and
1528:and
1511:and
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1484:and
1482:with
1478:/ðz/
1474:/θs/
1452:face
1442:The
1437:palm
1433:trap
1429:bath
1425:/ɑː/
1411:and
1402:pool
1400:and
1398:pull
1379:side
1363:need
1348:/ai/
1330:The
1297:and
1239:and
1232:/hw/
1229:and
1216:and
1208:and
1200:and
1192:and
1190:girl
1184:and
1164:poor
1162:and
1160:pour
1156:sure
1154:and
1148:/ur/
1146:and
1144:/or/
1136:and
1124:and
1107:fern
943:Fife
848:The
787:and
733:and
528:Manx
237:IETF
4757:of
4296:Art
4040:Law
3542:of
2692:or
2683:may
2636:).
2628:).
2604:).
2469:ned
2386:);
2370:);
2354:);
2344:);
2302:or
2281:wee
2205:by
2136:Ros
2060:oor
2058:, m
2056:oor
2041:ore
2039:, m
2037:our
2035:, f
2033:oar
1996:, M
1994:are
1992:, m
1990:ear
1975:ere
1973:, m
1971:eer
1954:, m
1937:/r/
1927:, h
1907:, p
1890:te
1838:tt
1748:, c
1712:LOT
1665:te
1661:, f
1657:, h
1587:KIT
1534:/w/
1530:/ɛ/
1526:/ɪ/
1522:/ɪ/
1516:/θ/
1505:/t/
1490:/θ/
1464:/i/
1460:kit
1456:/ɪ/
1448:/e/
1421:/æ/
1409:Cot
1394:/u/
1390:/ʊ/
1359:/r/
1344:/u/
1340:/i/
1318:/d/
1314:/t/
1310:-ed
1299:/k/
1295:/t/
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1285:/l/
1281:/l/
1257:/l/
1249:/x/
1227:/w/
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1210:/n/
1206:/r/
1202:/m/
1198:/r/
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1182:/r/
1174:/l/
1170:/r/
1130:/r/
1126:/ɔ/
1122:/o/
1115:fur
1111:fir
1099:/r/
1095:/ʌ/
1091:/ɪ/
1087:/ɛ/
1064:/r/
1052:/r/
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