201:
132:
161:
525:
182:
221:
145:
107:
119:
581:
British lost three men killed, out of sixty-two men engaged, two others were wounded. Federal Samoan casualties were light if any. They were under
American command and most deserted at the sound of the first volley, the remaining were used to reinforce the front line. Later patrols reported finding large pools of blood behind the banana trees, evidence of rebel casualties. Two marine privates,
558:
firing only a few shots and as
Lieutenant Landsdale attempted to fix the problem, a shot hit him in the thigh and he fell to the ground with his bone shattered. A retreat was sounded, and Landsdale ordered his men to save themselves so the expedition began to fall back which left the lieutenant alone under heavy fire. Refusing to leave his commander,
597:
The battle was a defeat for the expeditionary forces, they retreated back to Apia and reported their casualties to their commanders who decided to plan for future operations in the area. On April 13, the
British frontline was extended just south of Vailele and that day the Matafaans attacked but were
575:
Once again, Landsdale ordered his rescuers to flee but they held their ground waiting for reinforcements and were killed by fast approaching Samoan rebels. After the battle, Landsdale and
Monaghan were found dead side by side and the expedition retreated to the coast having suffered many casualties
477:
At the end of March, a joint expedition of
British, American and Samoan forces marched along the coast from Apia towards Vailele. Skirmishes were fought and two villages destroyed as the Samoan rebels retreated. On April 1, the expedition of 26 marines, 88 sailors and 136 Samoans left the coast for
557:
hiding among palm and banana trees. The rebels then charged and
Lieutenant Landsdale took command. Close quarters combat and skirmishing continued for a while, the rebel Samoans repeatedly attacked the expedition's front line and several of them were killed or wounded. The machine gun jammed after
580:
resumed fire and bombarded the bush from which the
Mataafans were attacking. Samoan rebel forces lost 100 killed or wounded while the expedition's casualties were much lighter in comparison. Of the 56 American sailors and marines at the battle, four were killed and another five were wounded. The
616:
The men were not in sufficient numbers to hold out any longer, and they were forced along by a fire which it was impossible to withstand. Ensign
Monaghan did stand. He stood steadfast by his wounded superior and friend - one rifle against many, one brave man against a score .... He knew he was
473:
began bombarding enemy positions around the city. After the conflict, Mataafaite forces, as they were sometimes called, retreated to the stronghold of
Vailele and thus began several American and British expeditions into the dense jungle to find the chief's men.
37:
728:
723:
315:
469:
of the conflict involving the
British and Americans was fought at Apia, when the naval forces landed they occupied much of the city, Mataafan forces attacked, so British and American warships in
602:
again within Vailele, this time the rebels won again when they withstood a British led attack on the two forts. The engagements occurred near the battlefield where Samoan rebels
738:
553:. Mataafan forces first attacked the allied column from the rear and from the left flank. Lieutenant Freeman was killed and beheaded just after fighting began, he was hit by
733:
308:
703:
549:, was ambushed by over 800 riflemen hidden all around in the foliage of the jungle. The expedition quickly began returning volleys and the Americans set up a
301:
636:
181:
124:
98:
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in support of Prince Tanu who was the legitimate heir to the Samoan throne which had already been taken over by the German-backed Mataafa.
550:
637:
https://pacificinstitute.anu.edu.au/sites/default/files/resources-links/ANU_Press_Pacific_Islanders_under_German_Rule.pdf
713:
42:
Samoan warriors marching through Apia in March of 1899, American sailors and marines are inspecting at the left.
565:, picked up a rifle and with three others, went after Landsdale and when they were carrying him out of action,
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365:
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28:
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German troops in 1889 during the first civil war on the island. A statue of Ensign Monaghan was erected in
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an attack on the landward side of Vailele, leaving the protection of naval gunfire support. The
411:
225:
149:
647:
446:'s death, Mata'afa Iosefo returned from exile and was elected to power by a council of Samoan
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to commemorate the young officer's bravery. The official report of Monaghan's death reads;
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209:
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111:
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was sent ahead of the expedition to bombard the two forts guarding Vailele plantation.
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ceased her bombardment, and just then the land force, under the command of Royal Navy
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which were accounted for the following morning. During the withdrawal, HMS
293:
503:
261:
479:
419:
242:
64:
589:, received the Medal of Honor for their actions during the fighting.
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252:
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Battles of the Second Samoan Civil War involving the United Kingdom
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Battles of the Second Samoan Civil War involving the United States
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doomed. He could not yield. He died in heroic performance of duty.
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438:
In 1899, Samoa was a warzone as it had been previously during the
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72:
68:
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269:
297:
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https://paperspast.natlib.govt.nz/newspapers/OW18990420.2.71
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were defeated by a superior force of Samoan rebels loyal to
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When the landing party approached the plantation, HMS
683:Mains, P. John; McCarty, Louis Philippe (1906).
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8:
739:Punitive expeditions of the United Kingdom
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302:
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18:
734:Punitive expeditions of the United States
685:The Statistician and Economist: Volume 23
426:and was a major engagement in the small
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704:Battles of the Second Samoan Civil War
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663:
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16:Battle in the Second Samoan Civil War
7:
598:repulsed. Another expedition later
414:. Fighting occurred at the former
14:
512:landed the sailors and marines,
219:
199:
180:
159:
143:
130:
117:
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35:
1:
450:. In response, the British
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286:~50-100 killed or wounded
275:
231:
173:
91:
47:
34:
26:
545:and American Lieutenant
529:Mata'afa Iosefo in 1911.
360: 2nd Vailele
22:Second Battle of Vailele
392:Second Samoan Civil War
327:Second Samoan Civil War
29:Second Samoan Civil War
587:Michael Joseph McNally
531:
440:First Samoan Civil War
390:was fought during the
174:Commanders and leaders
572:was shot and killed.
527:
276:Casualties and losses
608:Spokane, Washington
543:Angel Hope Freeman
532:
714:April 1899 events
458:landed forces at
442:. As a result of
428:colonial conflict
388:Battle of Vailele
380:
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292:
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87:
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83:Mata'afan victory
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688:
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583:Henry L. Hulbert
563:John R. Monaghan
551:Colt machine gun
444:Malietoa Laupepa
406:forces loyal to
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412:Mata'afa Iosefo
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288:2 forts damaged
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206:Philip Lansdale
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418:plantation of
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125:United Kingdom
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709:1899 in Samoa
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669:Mains, pg. 24
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570:Norman Edsall
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266:~800 warriors
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187:Angel Freeman
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154:Supported by:
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138:United States
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55:April 1, 1899
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485:Philadelphia
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471:Apia Harbour
467:first battle
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92:Belligerents
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27:Part of the
408:Prince Tanu
366:3rd Vailele
698:Categories
677:References
540:Lieutenant
452:Royal Navy
434:Background
281:7-9 killed
719:Tuamasaga
593:Aftermath
507:HMS
497:HMS
483:USS
456:U.S. Navy
394:in 1899.
283:7 wounded
150:Mataafans
604:defeated
578:Royalist
536:Royalist
514:Royalist
509:Royalist
504:corvette
502:and the
499:Porpoise
492:Tauranga
480:cruisers
454:and the
400:American
374:2nd Apia
262:corvette
243:warriors
232:Strength
60:Location
555:snipers
420:Vailele
396:British
253:sailors
248:marines
212:†
193:†
167:Germany
65:Vailele
600:fought
567:Seaman
560:Ensign
520:Battle
448:chiefs
416:German
404:Samoan
385:Second
372:
370:·
368:
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362:·
358:·
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354:Falefa
352:
350:·
348:
346:Falefa
344:
342:·
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208:
189:
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135:
122:
99:Allies
80:Result
624:Notes
424:Samoa
270:forts
238:Land:
112:Samoa
73:Samoa
69:Upolu
585:and
490:HMS
465:The
460:Apia
402:and
338:Apia
257:Sea:
241:136
52:Date
383:The
251:88
246:26
700::
654:^
495:,
488:,
430:.
422:,
398:,
268:2
260:1
71:,
67:,
687:.
619:"
614:"
317:e
310:t
303:v
101::
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