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M'limo of the
Matabele." Harley states that "At (the Watermeyer) enquiry, Father Prestage from his knowledge of the Umlimo and the power he exercised was able to supply authoritative information which greatly assisted the enquiry." But chief native commissioner Taylor's 1899 report, written three years after the event and after Armstrong resigned from the company over unrelated grievances, says that "Armstrong by threats and bribes caused certain natives to perjure themselves and to swear to what was not true". Taylor includes in his report an affidavit by "one Jonas, head messenger at the A.N.C's office at Mangwe," who says, "I swore on oath that Jobane was the M'limo, I knew I was lying at the time, I have never received any cattle from Mr. Armstrong but he paid me the five shillings." Taylor also states in his report that "Dshobane, (was) the supposed Mlimo" assassinated, however, he does not make it clear if "Jobane" and "Dshobane" are different spellings for the same person.
783:. However, at Armstrong's insistence a court of inquiry was later appointed to investigate the assassination. Although several writers have commented on the outcome, the official report itself has been lost. Referring to the court's report, Harley writes, "The finding of the Judge (Watermeyer) was that the native killed was the Chief Priest of the M'limo. Whether there was another occult personage associated with the M'limo deception is problematical, for with the death of the Chief Priest, the M'limo deception also died." But historian Hugh Marshall Hole writes, "On their return they were greatly applauded for having achieved their dangerous errand, but some time later, when it was found that Mlimo was still at work, an official inquiry was held, with the result that the whole affair was exposed as an elaborate hoax." In contrast to Hole, historians Mary and Richard Bradford, Mary Clarke, Peter Emmerson, and
772:
other priests, or so-called
Umlimos, in other parts of the country through whom they believe that the commands of the Almighty can be conveyed to them." Burnham had carried out his instructions from Carrington and, like Carrington, he relied heavily on Armstrong and military intelligence for his information. Armstrong, the instigator and active participant in the operation, "was an authority on the Native, his language, customs and mentality", according to fellow native commissioner E. C. Harley. Armstrong was also a major in the Mangwe Field Force, and Selous describes him as young, but "shrewd and capable". Selous and Harley say that Armstrong was in command at the Mangwe laager, although Baden-Powell and other sources name
46:
669:, so they never mounted a significant attack against Bulawayo even though more than 10,000 Matabele warriors could be seen near the town. Conditions inside Bulawayo, however, quickly became unbearable. During the day, settlers could go to homes and buildings within the town, but at night they were forced to seek shelter in the much smaller laager. Nearly 1,000 women and children were crowded into the city, and false alarms of attacks were common. Although they kept up their siege, the Matabele made one critical error: they neglected to cut the telegraph lines connecting Bulawayo to
767:, overseas press hailed Burnham and Armstrong as "heroes of the British Empire". But in Rhodesia, sections of the press were sceptical about the assassination of the Mlimo. It had been a mistake on the part of British military intelligence to think of the Mlimo and the high priest, or prophet, in the Matopos as one and the same. Based on British Army reports, Carrington believed that the Mlimo was a central authority and that "his orders fly about from one end of the country to another with great rapidity". Historian
923:, and both the Matabele and Shona became subjects of the Rhodes administration. It was only 25 years later in 1924 that the entire region became officially named a British Crown Colony. Until 1924, the region was administered by the British South Africa Company which had conquered it from various chieftains and Lobengula; facts often neglected in 21st century history lessons. However, the legacy of leaders such as Kaguvi, Mapondera and Nehanda was to inspire future generations.
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809:) who was Hobani or Tshobani (Sindebele), fourth son of Banko's family." In 1994, Mary and Richard Bradford state that "Burnham may have shot an innocent man, but if so, there was no premeditated plan. He was acting under orders." The Bradfords further remark, "If Jobani was innocent, he was a victim not of Burnham but of white misconception of the M'limo cult and of the difficulty in distinguishing friend from foe that marks irregular warfare."
956:, and his second published book, in 1884, was "Reconnaissance and Scouting". Working with Burnham was a useful experience for Baden-Powell, not only because he had the time of his life commanding reconnaissance missions into enemy territory, but because many of his later Boy Scout ideas took hold here. Burnham had been a scout practically his entire life in the United States when he went to Africa in 1893 to scout for Cecil Rhodes on the
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748:. The Administrator instructed them to present this information to the military commander, General Carrington, who called in his chief of staff, Baden-Powell. Carrington instructed Burnham, Armstrong, and Baden-Powell to leave that very night to "Capture the Mlimo if you can. Kill him if you must. Do not let him escape." Intervening news of enemy movements near
524:. This left the country nearly defenceless. The British immediately sent troops to suppress the Matabele and the Shona, but it cost the lives of many on both sides. Months passed before the British forces were strong enough to break the sieges and defend the major settlements, and war raged on until October of the following year.
610:, and hundreds of homes, ranches and mines were burned. A particularly tragic case occurred at the Insiza River where Mrs. Fourie and her six small children were found mutilated beyond recognition on their farmstead. Two young women of the Ross family living nearby were similarly killed in their newly built home.
812:
While there appears to be no clear consensus about either the identity of man assassinated in the
Matopos or his role, historian Howard Hensman states "With the downfall of Wedza and shooting of the M'Limo in a cave in the Matoppos by the American scout, Burnham, the Matabele rebellion may be said to
771:
writes that "Carrington was almost certainly over-estimating the centralization (of the Mlimo)", and that "Baden-Powell and other reporters tended to run the various shrines in the
Matopos into one". Frederick Selous believed that the head priest of the Mlimo lived in the Matopos, but that "there are
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first and probably the only time, they gave a
European person the Matabele royal salute, "Bayete" though this should be considered alongside the fact that from 1898 onwards Ndebele chiefs were paid agents of the Company administration. Rhodes is buried alongside the 34 company soldiers killed in the
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Once Mlimo started his dance of immunity, Burnham shot him just below the heart, killing him. The two men then leapt over the dead Mlimo and ran down a trail towards their horses. Hundreds of warriors, encamped nearby, picked up their arms and started in pursuit. Burnham set fire to the village as a
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With the siege broken, an estimated 50,000 Matabele retreated into their stronghold of the Matobo Hills near
Bulawayo. This region became the scene of the fiercest fighting between the settler patrols and the Matabele. By June, the Shona kept their promise and joined the fighting on the side of the
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No date is given for the court of inquiry, presided by Judge
Watermeyer. However, it must have met sometime after Burnham left Rhodesia since he does not mention it in his memoirs or his letters, historians referenced in this article do not comment on his having participated, and after he left for
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walked unarmed into the
Matabele stronghold and persuaded the Matabele warriors to lay down their arms. With the war in Matabeland effectively over, the Bulawayo Field Force disbanded on 4 July 1896. With regard to the regular forces under Carrington, Hensman writes "As the rainy season approached
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tribe from the
Southwest of Matabeleland, and Ranger quotes an 1879 report from a missionary, Joseph Cockin, that states that the priest from the Southwest was named Umkombo. But in 1967, Ranger states that Jobani (or Tshobani) had been the high priest in the Southwest and that "They obtained from
787:
all agree with Harley that the court of inquiry favoured
Armstrong. Emmerson cites an 1899 report from chief native commissioner H.J. Taylor as evidence that Watermeyer ruled in favour of Armstrong. Mary and Richard Bradford studied Taylor's 1899 report, and Hole's correspondence, and they suggest
638:
on their own. Barbed wire was added to Bulawayo's defences. Oil-soaked fagots were arranged in strategic locations in case of attack at night. Blasting gelatin was secreted in outlying buildings that were beyond the defence perimeter, to be exploded in the event the enemy occupied them. Smashed
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In his will, Rhodes directed that he be buried in the Matopos Hills; when he died in the Cape in 1902 his body was brought to Bulawayo by train. His burial was attended by Ndebele chiefs, who asked that the firing party not discharge their rifles, as this would disturb the spirits. Then, for the
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As to the identity of the man assassinated and his role, there is much confusion. In June 1896, Father Prestage, captain van Rooyen, Hans Lee, and Armstrong met at Mangwe with "Several hundred natives assembled to hear the statement made by witnesses that Gotani the man shot by Burnham was the
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Burnham and Armstrong travelled by night through the Matobo Hills and approached the sacred cave. Not far from the cave was a village of about 100 huts filled with many warriors. The two scouts tethered their horses to a thicket and crawled on their bellies, screening their slow and cautious
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like the one worn by Burnham - the hat was made by the Stetson Company, and that style was called the "Boss-of-the-Plains", or "B-P" for short. It was here that Baden-Powell acquired his Kudu horn, the Matabele war instrument he later used every morning at his experimental boys' camp on
650:, along with 40 men, rode east along the Iniza River. Whenever settlers were found, they were quickly loaded into their wagons and closely guarded on their way to Bulawayo. Within the first week of fighting, 20 men of the Bulawayo Field Force were killed and another 50 were wounded.
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by surprise immediately after a ceremony called the Big Dance. He promised, through his priests, that if the Matabele went to war, the bullets of the settlers would change to water and their cannon shells would become eggs. His plan was to kill all of the settlers in
558:, which was to be left open and unguarded for this reason. Once the settlers were purged from Bulawayo, the Matabele and Shona warriors would head out into the countryside and continue the slaughter until all the settlers were either killed or had fled.
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asked him to join his headquarters staff on the recommendation of Carrington. Baden-Powell was likely in Rhodesia at the time of the Watermeyer inquiry, but he too does not mention it and historians referenced in this article do not mention his having
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specific errors made by Hole in his interpretation of Taylor's report. Clarke and Lott both point out that Armstrong was given a gold watch and a letter of appreciation from the board of the British South Africa Company after the verdict was rendered.
573:
Nearly 2,000 Matabele warriors began the rebellion in earnest on 24 March. Many, although not all, of the young native police quickly deserted and joined the rebels. The Matabele headed into the countryside armed with a variety of weapons, including:
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However, several young Matabele were overly anxious to go to war, and the rebellion started prematurely. On 20 March, Matabele rebels shot and stabbed a native policeman. Over the next few days, other outlying settlers and prospectors were killed.
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glass bottles were spread around the front of the wagons. Except for hunting rifles, there were few weapons to be found in Bulawayo. However, the settlers did have access to a few working artillery pieces and a small assortment of machine guns.
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Several relief columns were organised to break the siege, but the long trek through hostile countryside took several months. Late in May, the first two relief columns appeared near Bulawayo on almost the same day but from opposite directions β
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the indunas of the Mangwe area affidavits that the dead man, Jobani or Habangana, had been the High Priest of the Mwari and the chief instigator of the rebellion." In 1976, Lott said that Ranger relied on "the American scholar
570:, had heard rumours of settlers in the countryside being killed, but he thought it was a localised problem. When news of the policeman's murder reached Selous on 23 March, he knew the Matabele had started a massive uprising.
795:
Over the years, historians have postulated several more names for the man assassinated and his role. In 1966, Ranger hypothesized that the man assassinated was not from the Matopos at all, but rather a "loyal" priest of the
2265:. Rhodesian Reprint Library - Silver Series Volume 4 (1975 reprint of the 1927 edition by Burnham, with a new foreword by Peter Emmerson (no page numbers in the new foreword) ed.). Bulawayo: Books of Rhodesia.
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and it was here that he first met and began a lifelong friendship with Frederick Russell Burnham, the American-born Chief of Scouts for the British. Baden-Powell had had an interest in scouting from his days at
744:, Bonar Armstrong, by an unnamed Zulu informant. Armstrong immediately brought this information to the Chief of Scouts, Burnham, and the two men presented it to the administrator of Southern Rhodesia,
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646:; these rode out to rescue any surviving settlers in the countryside and went on attack against the Matabele. Selous raised a mounted troop of forty men to scout southward into the Matobo Hills.
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Initially the company declined to review the matter and Burnham left Rhodesia on 11 July 1896, a week after the Bulawayo Field Force disbanded, to return to the United States and later joined the
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and Lee as the commanders. Some writers also describe Armstrong as young and moody and claim that he too expressed doubts about the identity of the man killed, but only after the assassination.
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Military intelligence at the time thought that capturing the Mlimo would be the speediest way to end the war. The location of the Mlimo's cave had been disclosed to the native commissioner at
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Sunshine and Storm in Rhodesia; being a narrative of events in Matabeleland both before and during the recent native insurrection up to the date of the disbandment of the Bulawayo field force
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needed to adapt; so during their joint scouting missions, Baden-Powell and Burnham discussed the concept of a broad training programme in woodcraft for young men, rich in exploration,
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discovered the whereabouts of the Matabele and the Maxim guns of the relief forces drove back the attackers. Not long after relief forces began arriving in Bulawayo, General
1054:. He led a force of initially under 100 men, but had more than 600 under his command by mid-1901. He was captured in 1903 and died in jail in 1904 after a hunger strike.
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Ranger, Terence (1966). "Chapter 5. The Role of the Ndebele and Shona Religious Authorities in the Rebellions of 1896 and 1897". In Stokes, Eric; Brown, Richard (eds.).
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497:) the Matabele spiritual leader, was credited with fomenting much of the anger that led to this confrontation. He convinced the Matabele and the
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864:). He was amongst the first chiefs to rebel and the last to be defeated. He was supplied by many of the surrounding districts, such as
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Rather than wait passively, the settlers immediately mounted patrols, called the Bulawayo Field Force, under such figures as Selous and
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scheme to Baden-Powell, some aspects of which appear in both the programme and the code of honour of Scouting for Boys. Practised by
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Matabele. But lacking a clear leader similar to Mlimo, the Shonas mostly stayed behind their fortifications and conducted few raids.
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673:. This gave both the relief forces and the besieged Bulawayo Field Force far more information than they would otherwise have had.
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The Mlimo's call to battle was well-timed. Only a few months earlier, the British South Africa Company's Administrator General for
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The Matabele Campaign, 1896: Being a Narrative of the Campaign in Suppressing the Native Rising in Matabeleland and Mashonaland
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1021:, and self-reliance. It was also during this time in the Matobo Hills that Baden-Powell first started to wear his signature
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and peace was arranged in Matabeleland, the forces, or a considerable portion of them, were moved up into Mashonaland".
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that the settlers (almost 4,000-strong by then) were responsible for the drought, locust plagues and the cattle disease
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was able to concentrate his forces in the Mashonaland region; the Matabele rebels there retreated into granite
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Lott, Jack (1981). "Chapter 8. The Making of a Hero: Burnham in the Tonto Basin". In Boddington, Craig (ed.).
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joined in the fighting, and the settlers headed towards Bulawayo. Within a week, 141 settlers were slain in
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The rebellion failed completely and did not result in any major changes in BSAC policy. For example, the
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forced Baden-Powell to go there instead, so Burnham and Armstrong proceeded on their own to the Matopos.
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Soon after the outbreak of the war, Baden-Powell was assigned to Matabeleland as chief of staff to Gen.
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In addition to the mediums, traditional leaders played a major role in the rebellion, notably Chief
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In March 1896, the Matabele revolted against the authority of the British South Africa Company. The
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Proctor, Tammy M. (July 2000). "A Separate Path: Scouting and Guiding in Interwar South Africa".
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movements with branches held before them. Once inside the cave, they waited until Mlimo entered.
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Beach, D. N. 1970. "Afrikaner and Shona Settlement in the Enkeldoorn Area, 1890β1900".
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remained in place. The territories of Matabeleland and Mashonaland had become known as
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1042:, who had in 1894 proclaimed his independence of company rule, led a rebellion in the
868:(then Charter). Other chiefs who played an important role included Gwabayana, Makoni,
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The Plumtree Papers: A History of the Bulalima-Mangwe and Life in Rhodesia up to 1922
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705:. The Southern relief forces were nearly ambushed on their approach to Bulawayo, but
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The Mlimo planned to wait until the night of 29 March, the first full moon, to take
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An American Family on the African Frontier: The Burnham Family Letters, 1893-1896
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He-who-sees-in-the-dark; the boys' story of Frederick Burnham, the American scout
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first, but not to destroy the town itself as it would serve again as the royal
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2505:, by Major Frederick Russell Burnham, D.S.O., LC call number: DT29 .B8. (1944)
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The Encyclopedia of Nineteenth-Century Land Warfare: An Illustrated World View
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distraction. The two men hurried back to Bulawayo, with warriors in pursuit
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makes peace with the Ndebele in Matobo Hills, 1896; sketch by Baden-Powell
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2457:"Killed the Matabele God: Burnham, the American Scout, May End Uprising"
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Lott, J. P. (September 1976). "Major F R Burnham, DSO: A Vindication".
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853:, a priest of the Mwari shrine who was active throughout Mashonaland.
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Revolt in Southern Rhodesia, 1896-97: a study in African resistance
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the Klondike Gold Rush, Burnham did not return to Africa until the
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1759:
The African Heritage. History for Junior Secondary Schools. Book 1
930:
884:
728:
665:, the Matabele had experienced the effectiveness of the settlers'
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617:
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Scouting for Boys: A Handbook for Instruction in Good Citizenship
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Emmerson, Peter; Burnham, Frederick Russell (1975). "Foreword".
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arrived to take overall command along with his chief of staff,
190:
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Mapondera: heroism and history in Northern Zimbabwe, 1840β1904
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Rhodes and Rhodesia: The White Conquest of Zimbabwe, 1884β1902
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The Revolt of the Zimbabwean Masses: Part 1: How Did it Begin?
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With few troops to support them, the settlers quickly built a
1927:; Peter O. Lamb; illustrated by Robert Baden-Powell (1932).
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capturing and executing Mazowe Native Commissioner Pollard.
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and Jameson was buried there also after his death in 1917.
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have come to an end." Upon learning of the death of Mlimo,
462:, was fought in 1896 and '97 in the region later known as
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to wake the boys and to call them together for training.
516:, had sent most of his troops and armaments to fight the
2204:. Garden City, New York: Doubleday, Page & Company.
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The cult of Rhodes: remembering an imperialist in Africa
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The company was able to muster reinforcements from the
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Other religious figures who led the rebellion included
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The Zambesian Past: Studies in Central African History
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A History of Rhodesia, Compiled from Official Sources
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1590:
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2084:. Claremont, South Africa: David Philip Publishers.
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19th-century military history of the United Kingdom
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Americaβ The Men and Their Guns That Made Her Great
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Map of Bulawayo-Matobo Hills, drawn by Baden-Powell
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2361:. Los Angeles, California: Petersen Publishing.
879:, and with the war in Matabeleland ending, Gen.
54:and Armstrong after the assassination of Mlimo.
3815:Wars involving the states and peoples of Africa
3810:Wars involving the British South Africa Company
2439:. Victoria, B.C., Canada: Trafford Publishing.
834:on Alice Mine. This was followed by the medium
598:. As news of the massive rebellion spread, the
30:
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701:) from Kimberley, 600 miles to the South, via
2546:
2308:. Edinburgh and London: W. Blackwood and Sons
2246:DeGroot, E. B. (July 1944). "Veteran Scout".
983:During their joint scouting patrols into the
202:
8:
2109:. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Company.
1953:
1503:
1413:
1240:
1826:Africa Under Colonial Domination, 1880β1935
972:when he survived the British equivalent of
2553:
2539:
2531:
2380:. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
2107:Robert Mugabe and the Betrayal of Zimbabwe
1883:Comparative Studies in Society and History
1753:
1751:
209:
195:
187:
27:
2336:(35). Salisbury: The Rhodesiana Society.
1777:
1775:
935:Baden-Powell's sketch of Chief of Scouts
482:people in the rest of Southern Rhodesia.
1680:
1608:
1577:
1520:
1476:
1437:
899:were captured and executed in 1898, but
1965:
1941:
1857:Maritz, J. 1989. "Towards a Zimbabwean
1845:
1728:
1704:
1692:
1464:
1279:
1255:
1228:
1216:
1201:
1148:
1118:
478:people, which led to conflict with the
2035:"The Origins of the Scouting Movement"
1716:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1556:
1532:
1452:
1425:
1401:
1386:
1371:
1344:
1332:
1315:
1303:
1291:
1186:
634:of sandbagged wagons in the centre of
2231:. Bulawayo: The Plumtree Foundation.
7:
2812:Regulator Movement in North Carolina
1596:
1544:
1491:
1356:
964:, Burnham became known in Africa as
21:For other uses of "Chimurenga", see
16:BritishβMatebele conflict, 1896β1897
1785:. McGill-Queen's University Press.
1757:Sibanda, M, H. Moyana et al. 1992.
1087:British South Africa Company Medal
1001:Indigenous peoples of the Americas
505:ravaging the country at the time.
58:warriors in hot pursuit, drawn by
14:
3780:African resistance to colonialism
2561:Colonial conflicts involving the
2327:. Macmillan and Company, limited.
960:. As Chief of Scouts under Major
826:War broke out on 17 June 1896 at
689:, 175 miles to the East, both in
3800:Resistance to the British Empire
2517:"Map of the Second Matabele War"
550:for the newly reincarnated King
113:
44:
2637:Cromwellian conquest of Ireland
2178:. Roberts Rinehart Publishers.
2033:Forster, Reverend Dr. Michael.
1171:Zimbabwe, Land and the Dictator
903:was never captured and died in
2740:Father Rale's War/Dummer's War
1:
3137:Black War (Van Diemen's Land)
2981:Castle Hill convict rebellion
1761:. Zimbabwe Publishing House.
2321:Hole, Hugh Marshall (1926).
2012:"The Kudu Horn and Scouting"
1931:. Brewer, Warren and Putnam.
685:, 270 miles North East, via
681:and Col. Beal arriving from
472:British South Africa Company
120:British South Africa Company
2403:Selous, Frederick Courteney
1861:: a pedagogical exercise".
699:York and Lancaster Regiment
23:Chimurenga (disambiguation)
3833:
3654:Jewish revolt in Palestine
3299:Fenian Rebellion in Canada
2944:Dwyer's guerrilla campaign
2836:American Revolutionary War
2493:The Story of Baden-Powell,
2287:. New York: W. W. Norton.
2261:Scouting on Two Continents
2200:Scouting on Two Continents
2194:Burnham, Frederick Russell
2172:Bradford, Mary E. (1993).
968:and he gained fame in the
20:
3775:1897 in Southern Rhodesia
3770:1896 in Southern Rhodesia
3425:Jameson Raid South Africa
1895:10.1017/S0010417500002954
644:Frederick Russell Burnham
228:
172:
132:
106:
74:March 1896 β October 1897
66:
43:
35:
3636:Arab revolt in Palestine
3233:Second Anglo-Burmese War
2975:Second Anglo-Maratha War
2866:Australian frontier wars
2385:Ranger, Terence (1967).
2302:Hensman, Howard (1900).
2252:. Boy Scouts of America.
1034:1901 Mapondera Rebellion
987:, Burnham explained his
927:Contribution to Scouting
845:, who was active in the
606:, another 103 killed in
3795:Military assassinations
3630:Second Mohmand campaign
3365:Third Anglo-Burmese War
3329:Second Anglo-Afghan War
3131:First Anglo-Burmese War
3107:Third Anglo-Maratha War
2938:Fourth Anglo-Mysore War
2848:Second Anglo-Mysore War
2842:First Anglo-Maratha War
2436:Burnham: King of Scouts
2433:van Wyk, Peter (2003).
2105:Norman, Andrew (2004).
1781:Keppel-Jones, A. 1983.
966:he-who-sees-in-the-dark
528:The War in Matabeleland
3760:19th century in Africa
3570:Third Anglo-Afghan War
3455:First Mohmand campaign
3179:First Anglo-Afghan War
2878:Third Anglo-Mysore War
2324:The Making of Rhodesia
2062:. Mambo Press, Gweru,
1683:, pp. xxiiiβxxiv.
1611:, pp. xxiiβxxiii.
1169:Mario, Prince (2009).
944:
872:, Mangwende and Seke.
830:with an attack by the
737:
725:Assassination of Mlimo
658:
627:
133:Commanders and leaders
3227:Second Anglo-Sikh War
2884:Cotiote (Wayanad) War
2770:French and Indian War
2389:. London: Heinemann.
2227:Clarke, Mary (1983).
2080:Maylam, Paul (2005).
958:Cape-to-Cairo Railway
934:
732:
656:
621:
514:Leander Starr Jameson
458:, also known as the
173:Casualties and losses
3389:HunzaβNagar Campaign
3197:First Anglo-Sikh War
3173:EgyptianβOttoman War
2149:Baden-Powell, Robert
2135:Baden-Powell, Robert
1671:, pp. 185, 397.
897:Kaguvi Gumboreshumba
843:Kaguvi Gumboreshumba
715:Colonel Baden-Powell
711:Frederick Carrington
693:; and Lord Grey and
626:of a Ndebele warrior
580:Winchester repeaters
143:Frederick Carrington
3642:Waziristan campaign
3576:Waziristan campaign
3269:Revolt of Rajab Ali
2746:War of Jenkins' Ear
2411:. London: R. Ward.
2058:Beach, D. N. 1989.
1335:, pp. 105β106.
1282:, pp. 242β243.
1268:New York Times 1896
1258:, pp. 249β258.
1107:Kadungure Mapondera
1097:Nehanda Nyakasikana
1052:Mashonaland Central
1040:Kadungure Mapondera
974:Custer's Last Stand
954:Charterhouse School
893:Nehanda Nyakasikana
836:Nehanda Nyakasikana
624:Robert Baden-Powell
456:Second Matabele War
438:South Africa (1914)
403:South Africa (1906)
368:South Africa (1899)
338:Matabeleland (1896)
328:South Africa (1895)
308:Matabeleland (1893)
273:Somalia (1888β1924)
268:Equatoria (1886β89)
238:South Africa (1880)
233:South Africa (1879)
220:Scramble for Africa
139:Robert Baden-Powell
31:Second Matabele War
3516:Bambatha Rebellion
3431:Anglo-Zanzibar War
3419:Chitral Expedition
3353:Anglo-Egyptian War
3125:Anglo-Ashanti wars
2830:Lord Dunmore's War
2788:Anglo-Cherokee War
2697:King William's War
2157:. London: H. Cox.
2143:. London: Methuen.
1659:, p. 106-107.
1455:, pp. 44, 46.
1077:First Matabele War
970:First Matabele War
945:
822:War in Mashonaland
781:Klondike Gold Rush
738:
663:First Matabele War
659:
628:
518:Transvaal Republic
293:Mashonaland (1890)
3790:Conflicts in 1897
3785:Conflicts in 1896
3747:
3746:
3678:Malayan Emergency
3588:Malabar rebellion
3449:Siege of Malakand
3395:Anglo-Manipur War
3251:Anglo-Persian War
2800:Anglo-Spanish War
2752:King George's War
2673:King Philip's War
2649:Anglo-Spanish War
2446:978-1-4120-0901-0
2418:978-1-60355-059-8
2368:978-0-8227-3022-4
2294:978-0-393-04770-7
2211:978-0-86920-126-8
2185:978-1-879373-66-2
2164:978-0-486-45719-2
2068:978-0-86922-445-8
1954:Baden-Powell 1908
1834:978-0-85255-097-7
1791:978-0-7735-0534-6
1767:978-0-908300-00-6
1623:, pp. 43β45.
1504:Baden-Powell 1896
1428:, pp. 40β46.
1414:Baden-Powell 1896
1359:, pp. 43β47.
1306:, pp. 40β51.
1243:, pp. 80β82.
1241:Baden-Powell 1896
1189:, pp. 15β17.
997:American Old West
614:Siege of Bulawayo
520:in the ill-fated
466:, now modern-day
464:Southern Rhodesia
451:
450:
408:Morocco (1907β34)
398:Morocco (1905β06)
393:Tanganyika (1905)
373:Somaliland (1900)
313:Morocco (1893β94)
298:Katanga (1891β92)
263:Madagascar (1883)
185:
184:
102:
101:
3822:
3696:Cyprus Emergency
3522:Maritz rebellion
3510:Tibet expedition
3443:Benin Expedition
3263:Indian Rebellion
3257:Second Opium War
3239:Eureka Rebellion
3215:British Honduras
3191:New Zealand Wars
2776:Seven Years' War
2722:Queen Anne's War
2555:
2548:
2541:
2532:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2466:. 25 June 1896.
2461:
2450:
2429:
2427:
2425:
2398:
2381:
2372:
2353:
2328:
2317:
2315:
2313:
2298:
2276:
2264:
2253:
2242:
2223:
2203:
2189:
2168:
2144:
2121:
2120:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2077:
2071:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2039:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2010:Orans, Lewis P.
2007:
2001:
2000:
1975:
1969:
1963:
1957:
1951:
1945:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1878:
1872:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1828:. James Currey.
1819:
1813:
1800:
1794:
1779:
1770:
1755:
1746:
1738:
1732:
1726:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1581:
1575:
1560:
1554:
1548:
1542:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1523:, p. xxiii.
1518:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:
1411:
1405:
1399:
1390:
1384:
1375:
1369:
1360:
1354:
1348:
1342:
1336:
1330:
1319:
1313:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1283:
1277:
1271:
1265:
1259:
1253:
1244:
1238:
1232:
1226:
1220:
1214:
1205:
1199:
1190:
1184:
1175:
1174:
1166:
1160:
1157:One Man's Vision
1153:
1136:
1123:
564:Frederick Selous
470:. It pitted the
460:First Chimurenga
353:Wassoulou (1898)
318:Wassoulou (1894)
258:Wassoulou (1883)
223:
221:
211:
204:
197:
188:
161:
118:
117:
116:
68:
67:
48:
28:
3832:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3819:
3750:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3684:Kenya Emergency
3490:
3484:
3479:Second Boer War
3473:Boxer Rebellion
3401:Pahang Uprising
3281:Ambela campaign
3203:RΓo de la Plata
3185:First Opium War
3167:Aden Expedition
2999:RΓo de la Plata
2961:
2955:
2926:Irish Rebellion
2818:First Carib War
2714:
2708:
2631:Confederate War
2625:Irish Rebellion
2575:
2569:
2559:
2521:
2519:
2515:
2512:
2489:
2487:Further reading
2476:
2474:
2459:
2455:
2447:
2432:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2401:
2384:
2375:
2369:
2356:
2331:
2320:
2311:
2309:
2301:
2295:
2279:
2273:
2256:
2245:
2239:
2226:
2212:
2192:
2186:
2171:
2165:
2147:
2133:
2130:
2125:
2124:
2117:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2092:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2057:
2053:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2004:
1997:
1977:
1976:
1972:
1964:
1960:
1956:, p. xxiv.
1952:
1948:
1940:
1936:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1880:
1879:
1875:
1856:
1852:
1844:
1840:
1820:
1816:
1801:
1797:
1780:
1773:
1756:
1749:
1740:Pena, L. 2000.
1739:
1735:
1727:
1723:
1719:, pp. 239.
1715:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1584:
1576:
1563:
1555:
1551:
1543:
1539:
1531:
1527:
1519:
1510:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1451:
1444:
1440:, p. xxiv.
1436:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1412:
1408:
1400:
1393:
1385:
1378:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1351:
1343:
1339:
1331:
1322:
1314:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1266:
1262:
1254:
1247:
1239:
1235:
1227:
1223:
1215:
1208:
1200:
1193:
1185:
1178:
1168:
1167:
1163:
1159:, 1935, p. 240.
1154:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1128:Second Boer War
1124:
1120:
1115:
1073:
1065:Shangani Patrol
1060:
1038:In 1901, Chief
1036:
1028:Brownsea Island
978:Shangani Patrol
929:
913:
824:
803:Richard Werbner
727:
648:Maurice Gifford
616:
568:big-game hunter
535:
530:
452:
447:
433:Libya (1911β12)
343:Zanzibar (1896)
333:Ethiopia (1896)
224:
219:
217:
215:
167:
163:
157:
149:
145:
141:
125:
114:
112:
98:Company victory
90:
49:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3830:
3829:
3826:
3818:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3752:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3735:
3729:
3723:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3687:
3681:
3675:
3669:
3663:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3639:
3633:
3627:
3624:Barzani revolt
3621:
3615:
3609:
3603:
3597:
3591:
3585:
3579:
3573:
3567:
3561:
3555:
3549:
3543:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3519:
3513:
3507:
3501:
3494:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3461:Tirah campaign
3458:
3452:
3446:
3440:
3434:
3428:
3422:
3416:
3410:
3404:
3398:
3392:
3386:
3380:
3374:
3371:Central Africa
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3341:First Boer War
3338:
3332:
3326:
3323:Anglo-Zulu War
3320:
3314:
3308:
3302:
3296:
3290:
3284:
3278:
3272:
3266:
3260:
3254:
3248:
3242:
3236:
3230:
3224:
3218:
3212:
3206:
3200:
3194:
3188:
3182:
3176:
3170:
3164:
3158:
3152:
3146:
3140:
3134:
3128:
3122:
3116:
3110:
3104:
3098:
3092:
3086:
3080:
3074:
3068:
3062:
3056:
3050:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3011:Froberg mutiny
3008:
3002:
2996:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2972:
2965:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:
2947:
2941:
2935:
2929:
2923:
2917:
2911:
2905:
2899:
2893:
2887:
2881:
2875:
2869:
2863:
2857:
2851:
2845:
2839:
2833:
2827:
2821:
2815:
2809:
2803:
2797:
2791:
2785:
2779:
2773:
2767:
2761:
2755:
2749:
2743:
2737:
2731:
2725:
2718:
2716:
2710:
2709:
2707:
2706:
2700:
2694:
2691:Williamite War
2688:
2682:
2676:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2622:
2616:
2610:
2604:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2579:
2577:
2571:
2570:
2567:British Empire
2560:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2543:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2511:
2510:External links
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:Taking Chances
2500:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2464:New York Times
2452:
2451:
2445:
2430:
2417:
2399:
2382:
2373:
2367:
2354:
2329:
2318:
2299:
2293:
2281:Farwell, Byron
2277:
2271:
2254:
2243:
2237:
2224:
2210:
2190:
2184:
2169:
2163:
2145:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2122:
2115:
2097:
2090:
2072:
2051:
2025:
2014:. PineTree Web
2002:
1995:
1970:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1925:West, James E.
1916:
1889:(3): 605β631.
1873:
1850:
1838:
1814:
1795:
1771:
1747:
1733:
1731:, p. 242.
1721:
1709:
1707:, p. 539.
1697:
1695:, p. 232.
1685:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1599:, pp. 46.
1582:
1561:
1559:, pp. 46.
1549:
1547:, p. 367.
1537:
1525:
1508:
1496:
1481:
1469:
1457:
1442:
1430:
1418:
1406:
1404:, pp. 39.
1391:
1389:, p. 114.
1376:
1361:
1349:
1347:, pp. 15.
1337:
1320:
1318:, p. 105.
1308:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1260:
1245:
1233:
1231:, p. 251.
1221:
1219:, p. 250.
1206:
1204:, p. 249.
1191:
1176:
1161:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1111:
1110:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1082:Pioneer Column
1079:
1072:
1069:
1059:
1056:
1035:
1032:
928:
925:
921:South Zambesia
912:
909:
823:
820:
769:Terence Ranger
726:
723:
615:
612:
534:
531:
529:
526:
449:
448:
446:
445:
440:
435:
430:
428:Morocco (1911)
425:
423:Ouaddai (1909)
420:
418:Morocco (1909)
415:
410:
405:
400:
395:
390:
388:Namibia (1904)
385:
380:
375:
370:
365:
363:Fashoda (1898)
360:
355:
350:
345:
340:
335:
330:
325:
323:Ashanti (1895)
320:
315:
310:
305:
303:Dahomey (1892)
300:
295:
290:
288:Dahomey (1890)
285:
280:
278:Eritrea (1889)
275:
270:
265:
260:
255:
250:
245:
243:Tunisia (1881)
240:
235:
229:
226:
225:
216:
214:
213:
206:
199:
191:
183:
182:
179:
175:
174:
170:
169:
165:Sikhombo Mguni
153:
151:Herbert Plumer
135:
134:
130:
129:
122:
109:
108:
104:
103:
100:
99:
96:
92:
91:
82:
80:
76:
75:
72:
64:
63:
41:
40:
33:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3828:
3827:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3739:
3736:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3724:
3721:
3718:
3715:
3712:
3709:
3706:
3703:
3700:
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3682:
3679:
3676:
3673:
3670:
3667:
3664:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3640:
3637:
3634:
3631:
3628:
3625:
3622:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3612:Ikhwan revolt
3610:
3607:
3604:
3601:
3598:
3595:
3592:
3589:
3586:
3583:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
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3550:
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3544:
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3538:
3535:
3532:
3529:
3526:
3523:
3520:
3517:
3514:
3511:
3508:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3465:
3462:
3459:
3456:
3453:
3450:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3438:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3405:
3402:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3390:
3387:
3384:
3381:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3324:
3321:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3309:
3306:
3303:
3300:
3297:
3294:
3291:
3288:
3285:
3282:
3279:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3267:
3264:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3252:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3240:
3237:
3234:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3222:
3219:
3216:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3180:
3177:
3174:
3171:
3168:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3156:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3108:
3105:
3102:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3059:Spice Islands
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3017:Santo Domingo
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2966:
2964:
2958:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
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2891:
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2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2806:Pontiac's War
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2759:
2758:Carnatic Wars
2756:
2753:
2750:
2747:
2744:
2741:
2738:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2728:Tuscarora War
2726:
2723:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2711:
2704:
2701:
2698:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2686:
2683:
2680:
2677:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2665:
2662:
2659:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2599:
2596:
2593:
2590:
2587:
2584:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2556:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2542:
2537:
2536:
2533:
2518:
2514:
2513:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2497:Harold Begbie
2494:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2473:
2469:
2465:
2458:
2454:
2453:
2448:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2420:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
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2383:
2379:
2374:
2370:
2364:
2360:
2355:
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2330:
2326:
2325:
2319:
2307:
2306:
2300:
2296:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2272:0-86920-126-3
2268:
2263:
2262:
2255:
2251:
2250:
2244:
2240:
2238:0-7974-0591-7
2234:
2230:
2225:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2207:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2118:
2116:0-7864-1686-6
2112:
2108:
2101:
2098:
2093:
2091:0-86486-684-4
2087:
2083:
2076:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2036:
2029:
2026:
2013:
2006:
2003:
1998:
1996:0-09-170670-X
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1974:
1971:
1967:
1962:
1959:
1955:
1950:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1917:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1896:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1842:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1805:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1778:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1754:
1752:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1737:
1734:
1730:
1725:
1722:
1718:
1713:
1710:
1706:
1701:
1698:
1694:
1689:
1686:
1682:
1681:Bradford 1993
1677:
1674:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1647:, p. 48.
1646:
1641:
1638:
1635:, p. 47.
1634:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1614:
1610:
1609:Bradford 1993
1605:
1602:
1598:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1578:Emmerson 1975
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1535:, p. 45.
1534:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1521:Bradford 1993
1517:
1515:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1497:
1494:, p. 90.
1493:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1477:Bradford 1993
1473:
1470:
1466:
1461:
1458:
1454:
1449:
1447:
1443:
1439:
1438:Bradford 1993
1434:
1431:
1427:
1422:
1419:
1416:, p. 11.
1415:
1410:
1407:
1403:
1398:
1396:
1392:
1388:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1374:, p. 43.
1373:
1368:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1353:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1329:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1294:, p. 42.
1293:
1288:
1285:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1269:
1264:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1172:
1165:
1162:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1142:
1135:participated.
1133:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1112:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1085:
1083:
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1057:
1055:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1007:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
981:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
950:
942:
938:
933:
926:
924:
922:
918:
910:
908:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
854:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
833:
832:Hwata dynasty
829:
821:
819:
816:
810:
808:
804:
799:
793:
789:
786:
782:
777:
775:
770:
766:
765:assassination
761:
757:
753:
751:
747:
743:
735:
731:
724:
722:
718:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
688:
687:Fort Victoria
684:
680:
674:
672:
668:
664:
655:
651:
649:
645:
640:
637:
633:
625:
620:
613:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
576:Martini-Henry
571:
569:
566:, the famous
565:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
540:
532:
527:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
506:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
444:
443:Darfur (1916)
441:
439:
436:
434:
431:
429:
426:
424:
421:
419:
416:
414:
413:Mufilo (1907)
411:
409:
406:
404:
401:
399:
396:
394:
391:
389:
386:
384:
383:Angola (1902)
381:
379:
376:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
351:
349:
346:
344:
341:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
324:
321:
319:
316:
314:
311:
309:
306:
304:
301:
299:
296:
294:
291:
289:
286:
284:
281:
279:
276:
274:
271:
269:
266:
264:
261:
259:
256:
254:
251:
249:
246:
244:
241:
239:
236:
234:
231:
230:
227:
222:
212:
207:
205:
200:
198:
193:
192:
189:
180:
177:
176:
171:
166:
162:
160:
154:
152:
148:
144:
140:
137:
136:
131:
128:
123:
121:
111:
110:
105:
97:
94:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
77:
73:
70:
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
50:Depiction of
47:
42:
39:
38:Matabele Wars
34:
29:
24:
19:
3582:Iraqi Revolt
3437:Matabeleland
3413:North Borneo
3407:Matabeleland
3359:Saskatchewan
3161:Upper Canada
3155:Lower Canada
3113:Persian Gulf
3029:Persian Gulf
2969:Newfoundland
2950:Polygar Wars
2920:Kandyan Wars
2872:Nootka Sound
2520:. Retrieved
2502:
2492:
2475:. Retrieved
2463:
2435:
2422:. Retrieved
2407:
2386:
2377:
2358:
2333:
2323:
2310:. Retrieved
2304:
2284:
2260:
2247:
2228:
2199:
2174:
2153:
2139:
2128:Bibliography
2106:
2100:
2081:
2075:
2059:
2054:
2042:. Retrieved
2028:
2016:. Retrieved
2005:
1983:Baden-Powell
1982:
1973:
1966:van Wyk 2003
1961:
1949:
1944:, p. 6.
1942:DeGroot 1944
1937:
1928:
1919:
1886:
1882:
1876:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1846:Farwell 2001
1841:
1825:
1817:
1807:
1803:
1798:
1782:
1758:
1741:
1736:
1729:Hensman 1900
1724:
1712:
1705:Farwell 2001
1700:
1693:Hensman 1900
1688:
1676:
1664:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1552:
1540:
1528:
1499:
1472:
1465:Burnham 1926
1460:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1352:
1340:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1280:van Wyk 2003
1275:
1263:
1256:Burnham 1926
1236:
1229:Burnham 1926
1224:
1217:Burnham 1926
1202:Burnham 1926
1170:
1164:
1156:
1155:Gale, W. D.
1151:
1132:Lord Roberts
1121:
1061:
1048:Mount Darwin
1037:
1023:campaign hat
1011:British Army
1004:
993:frontiersmen
985:Matobo Hills
982:
965:
962:Allan Wilson
946:
941:Matobo Hills
914:
889:Matobo Hills
874:
858:Mashayamombe
855:
840:
825:
815:Cecil Rhodes
811:
794:
790:
778:
762:
758:
754:
739:
719:
679:Cecil Rhodes
675:
660:
641:
629:
604:Matabeleland
584:Lee-Metfords
572:
560:
556:Matobo Hills
536:
522:Jameson Raid
510:Matabeleland
507:
494:
490:
486:
484:
474:against the
459:
455:
453:
348:Benin (1897)
337:
283:Congo (1895)
253:Egypt (1882)
248:Sudan (1881)
158:
147:Cecil Rhodes
107:Belligerents
84:Matabeleland
36:Part of the
18:
3702:Suez Crisis
3600:Transjordan
3504:West Africa
3481:(1899β1902)
3475:(1898β1901)
3467:Six-Day War
3415:(1894β1905)
3403:(1891β1895)
3383:Mashonaland
3347:Mahdist War
3287:Shimonoseki
3217:(1847β1901)
3127:(1824β1901)
3095:Cape Colony
2993:Cape Colony
2952:(1799β1805)
2946:(1799β1803)
2934:(1798β1800)
2922:(1796β1818)
2896:Cape Colony
2886:(1793β1806)
2868:(1788β1934)
2764:Nova Scotia
2734:Yamasee War
2705:(1694β1700)
2679:Child's War
2667:2nd Tangier
2661:1st Tangier
2657:(1655β1739)
2607:Saint Kitts
2585:(1593β1603)
1717:Selous 1896
1669:Ranger 1967
1657:Ranger 1966
1645:Clarke 1983
1633:Clarke 1983
1621:Clarke 1983
1580:, Foreword.
1557:Clarke 1983
1533:Clarke 1983
1453:Clarke 1983
1426:Clarke 1983
1402:Clarke 1983
1387:Selous 1896
1372:Clarke 1983
1345:Selous 1896
1333:Ranger 1966
1316:Ranger 1966
1304:Clarke 1983
1292:Clarke 1983
1187:Selous 1896
877:Cape Colony
695:Col. Plumer
691:Mashonaland
608:Mashonaland
596:battle-axes
592:knobkerries
358:Chad (1898)
155:Mlimo
88:Mashonaland
3754:Categories
3606:Pink's War
3498:Somaliland
3335:Basutoland
3089:Guadeloupe
3071:Xhosa Wars
3053:Seychelles
3035:Guadeloupe
3023:Martinique
2890:Rohilkhand
2854:Gold Coast
2824:Rohilkhand
2782:Bengal War
2619:Pequot War
2522:29 October
2334:Rhodesiana
2249:Boys' Life
2040:. Netpages
1987:Hutchinson
1985:. London:
1869:, 151β157
1822:Boahen, A.
1143:References
1019:fieldcraft
1006:scoutcraft
949:Carrington
881:Carrington
774:van Rooyen
763:After the
667:Maxim guns
622:Sketch by
503:rinderpest
378:Aro (1901)
60:Frank Dadd
3738:Falklands
3734:(1963β67)
3728:(1962β66)
3722:(1962β90)
3710:(1962β76)
3698:(1955β59)
3692:(1954β59)
3686:(1952β60)
3680:(1948β60)
3674:(1946β50)
3666:Indonesia
3662:(1945β46)
3660:Indochina
3656:(1944β48)
3644:(1936β39)
3638:(1936β39)
3626:(1931β32)
3620:(1930β31)
3614:(1927β30)
3596:(1922β24)
3594:Kurdistan
3578:(1919β20)
3554:(1916β17)
3534:Nyasaland
3530:(1914β15)
3524:(1914β15)
3512:(1903β04)
3506:(1901β02)
3500:(1900β20)
3463:(1897β98)
3457:(1897β98)
3439:(1896β97)
3409:(1893β94)
3373:(1886β89)
3349:(1881β99)
3343:(1880β81)
3337:(1880β81)
3331:(1879β80)
3319:(1875β76)
3305:Abyssinia
3301:(1866β71)
3295:(1864β65)
3283:(1863β64)
3275:Kagoshima
3271:(1857β58)
3265:(1857β59)
3259:(1856β60)
3253:(1856β57)
3247:(1854β56)
3245:Γ
land War
3229:(1848β49)
3205:(1845β50)
3199:(1845β46)
3193:(1845β72)
3187:(1839β42)
3181:(1839β42)
3175:(1839β41)
3163:(1837β38)
3157:(1837β38)
3151:(1831β33)
3145:(1831β32)
3139:(1828β32)
3133:(1824β26)
3109:(1817β18)
3085:(1814β16)
3079:(1812β15)
3073:(1811β79)
3067:(1810β11)
3047:Mauritius
3019:(1808β09)
3001:(1806β07)
2977:(1803β05)
2940:(1798β99)
2910:(1795β96)
2904:(1795β96)
2880:(1789β92)
2856:(1781β82)
2850:(1779β84)
2844:(1775β82)
2838:(1775β83)
2826:(1773β74)
2820:(1769β73)
2814:(1765β71)
2808:(1763β66)
2802:(1762β63)
2790:(1758β61)
2784:(1756β65)
2778:(1756β63)
2772:(1754β63)
2766:(1749β55)
2760:(1746β63)
2754:(1744β48)
2748:(1740β42)
2742:(1722β25)
2736:(1715β17)
2730:(1711β15)
2724:(1702β13)
2699:(1688β97)
2693:(1688β91)
2681:(1686β90)
2675:(1675β78)
2651:(1654β60)
2645:(1654β67)
2639:(1649β53)
2633:(1641β53)
2621:(1634β38)
2591:(1609β46)
2472:0093-1179
2424:6 October
2395:503454991
2342:0556-9605
2312:7 October
2044:2 October
1979:Jeal, Tim
1911:146706169
1903:0010-4175
1810:, 5β34.
1597:Lott 1976
1545:Hole 1926
1492:Lott 1981
1357:Lott 1976
1092:Lobengula
1058:Monuments
1050:areas of
989:woodcraft
870:Mapondera
849:area and
847:Goromonzi
807:Makalanga
785:Jack Lott
746:Earl Grey
683:Salisbury
552:Lobengula
533:Rebellion
3805:Scouting
3726:Malaysia
3648:Ethiopia
3546:Peshawar
3311:Manitoba
3293:Duar War
2589:Virginia
2405:(1896).
2283:(2001).
2196:(1926).
2151:(1908).
2137:(1896).
1981:(1989).
1863:Zambezia
1804:Zambezia
1071:See also
1015:tracking
866:Chikomba
703:Mafeking
697:(of the
671:Mafeking
636:Bulawayo
588:assegais
578:rifles,
544:Bulawayo
539:Bulawayo
476:Matabele
468:Zimbabwe
124:Matabele
79:Location
56:Matabele
3720:Sarawak
3672:Sarawak
3564:Nigeria
3552:Mohmand
3540:Nigeria
3491:century
3149:Malacca
3143:Jamaica
3101:Algiers
3041:Reunion
2987:Surinam
2962:century
2908:Grenada
2902:Jamaica
2794:Jamaica
2715:century
2655:Jamaica
2583:Ireland
2576:century
2563:English
2477:26 June
2350:1904759
2018:28 July
995:of the
937:Burnham
917:hut tax
901:Mukwati
887:in the
851:Mukwati
798:Kalanga
750:Bembezi
661:In the
181:~50,000
168:Inyanda
159:†
52:Burnham
3740:(1982)
3716:(1962)
3714:Brunei
3704:(1956)
3668:(1945)
3650:(1943)
3632:(1935)
3608:(1925)
3602:(1923)
3590:(1921)
3584:(1920)
3572:(1919)
3566:(1918)
3560:(1917)
3558:Quebec
3548:(1915)
3542:(1915)
3536:(1915)
3518:(1906)
3469:(1899)
3451:(1897)
3445:(1897)
3433:(1896)
3427:(1896)
3421:(1895)
3397:(1891)
3391:(1891)
3385:(1890)
3379:(1888)
3377:Hazara
3367:(1885)
3361:(1885)
3355:(1882)
3325:(1879)
3313:(1870)
3307:(1868)
3289:(1864)
3277:(1863)
3241:(1854)
3235:(1852)
3223:(1848)
3221:Ceylon
3211:(1847)
3209:Canton
3169:(1839)
3121:(1823)
3119:Guiana
3115:(1819)
3103:(1816)
3097:(1815)
3091:(1815)
3061:(1810)
3055:(1810)
3049:(1810)
3043:(1810)
3037:(1810)
3031:(1809)
3025:(1809)
3013:(1807)
3007:(1807)
2995:(1806)
2989:(1804)
2983:(1804)
2971:(1800)
2928:(1798)
2916:(1795)
2914:Ceylon
2898:(1795)
2892:(1794)
2874:(1789)
2862:(1786)
2832:(1774)
2796:(1762)
2687:(1687)
2669:(1664)
2663:(1662)
2643:Acadia
2627:(1641)
2615:(1628)
2613:Quebec
2609:(1626)
2603:(1622)
2597:(1612)
2595:Swally
2499:(1900)
2470:
2443:
2415:
2393:
2365:
2348:
2340:
2291:
2269:
2235:
2220:407686
2218:
2208:
2182:
2161:
2113:
2088:
2066:
1993:
1909:
1901:
1859:Aeneid
1832:
1824:1990.
1789:
1765:
1102:Kaguvi
1044:Guruve
976:, the
943:, 1896
911:Legacy
905:Mutoko
885:kopjes
862:Harare
828:Mazowe
742:Mangwe
734:Rhodes
707:Selous
632:laager
495:Umlimo
491:M'limo
95:Result
3618:Tirah
3528:Tochi
3317:Perak
3083:Nepal
3005:Egypt
2932:Malta
2860:Assam
2703:Ghana
2601:Ormuz
2460:(PDF)
2038:(DOC)
1907:S2CID
1130:when
1113:Notes
600:Shona
548:kraal
499:Shona
493:, or
487:Mlimo
480:Shona
127:Shona
3732:Aden
3708:Oman
3690:Oman
3489:20th
3065:Java
2960:19th
2713:18th
2685:Siam
2574:17th
2524:2006
2479:2013
2468:ISSN
2441:ISBN
2426:2013
2413:ISBN
2391:OCLC
2363:ISBN
2346:OCLC
2338:ISSN
2314:2013
2289:ISBN
2267:ISBN
2233:ISBN
2216:OCLC
2206:ISBN
2180:ISBN
2159:ISBN
2111:ISBN
2086:ISBN
2064:ISBN
2046:2007
2020:2010
1991:ISBN
1899:ISSN
1830:ISBN
1787:ISBN
1763:ISBN
1046:and
999:and
895:and
594:and
489:(or
454:The
178:~400
86:and
71:Date
3077:USA
2495:by
1891:doi
3756::
2462:.
2344:.
2214:.
1989:.
1905:.
1897:.
1887:42
1885:.
1867:16
1865:,
1806:,
1774:^
1750:^
1585:^
1564:^
1511:^
1484:^
1445:^
1394:^
1379:^
1364:^
1323:^
1248:^
1209:^
1194:^
1179:^
1017:,
980:.
939:,
907:.
717:.
590:,
586:,
582:,
512:,
2565:/
2554:e
2547:t
2540:v
2526:.
2481:.
2449:.
2428:.
2397:.
2371:.
2352:.
2316:.
2297:.
2275:.
2241:.
2222:.
2188:.
2167:.
2119:.
2094:.
2070:.
2048:.
2022:.
1999:.
1968:.
1913:.
1893::
1848:.
1836:.
1808:1
1793:.
1769:.
1506:.
1479:.
1467:.
1270:.
1173:.
210:e
203:t
196:v
62:.
25:.
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