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591:"The fourth amendment became unavoidable to face socio-economic and law and order situations of the country. The global political reality also influenced to the adoption of the fourth amendment. It is to be mentioned that socialist countries of the world have the instance of single-party political system. But before the new system of government could come in effect in full swing in the country, the ruthless massacre was held on 15 August 1975."
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Though the revolution was aimed to foster national unity, Mujibur has been criticised for not making any visible step to achieve the objective. Only eight out of hundred fifteen posts of the central committee was given to the leaders of those parties who joined the platform of national unity, BaKSAL.
505:
The judiciary was made subservient to the
President. Contrary to the previous system, the President was given full authority to appoint judges other than those on the Supreme Court, and to remove any judge including the Chief Justice simply by an order on the grounds of 'misbehavior and incapacity'.
296:
Only 5pc of the
Bangladeshis, the educated ones, are the most corrupt people, and we speak a lot. We write in the newspapers. Today, the day has come to criticize ourselves; this cannot go on too long. Today I have amended the constitution. Today I want to declare, this is our second revolution. The
469:
According to the theories of the Second
Revolution, the sub-divisions were to become districts with a new administrative council composed of representatives from BaKSAL, members of parliament and government officials. Each administrative council would be headed by a governor who would run the local
354:
I cannot recollect that during the last ten to twenty years any of the old leaders left Paltan Maidan after rebuking Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman. Even then after coming to powerâĻ I said if you want to say something good speak out. If it is aimed for the betterment of the country speak out. But what could
1487:
The judiciary ... was now made completely subservient to the executive ... On the question of appointing judges other than those in the
Supreme Court, the President was given the full authority ... On the question of removal of judges the ... power was assumed by the President who could remove a
614:âa "one-dominant party" parliamentary democracy. She also argued that the 'second revolutionâ did not bring any radical change as the new model was no better than 'putting old wine into new bottle' by means of 'keeping the same old leadership with the same factional cleavages and the same style'.
493:
rally on 26 March 1975, declared that there should be compulsory multi-purpose co-operatives in every village of the country. The co-operatives would be formed in phases, under 5-years plans all 65,000 village would have such cooperatives. Each cooperative would comprise 500â1,000 families. These
384:
The 'Second
Revolution' was not an end in itself. It was only a step forward for increased production, family planning, fighting against corruption and national unity. The ultimate object is the creation of a society free from exploitation where there would be no torture, repression, injustice or
342:
When he introduced the constitutional changes in
Parliament Sheikh Mujib declared that he was changing the "system" because the old system had become a "free style democracy" incapable of solving the country's real problems. The new system which he called his "second revolution" would ensure
238:
The later events suggest that the government, due to the failures in the first three years of independence and the worsening law and order situation of the country, was convinced that democracy was no more the salient theme to put the country in order and a series of reforms was needed.
291:
The second revolution began with the enactment of the fourth amendment of the constitution on 25 January 1975. After the fourth amendment of the constitution was passed by majority vote in the parliament Sheikh
Mujibur Rahman addressed the parliament members. He said:
207:
The slower progress in economy, dysfunctional production system, smuggling of goods through the border and syndication among the traders who had been enjoying substantial support, including licenses from the ruling Awami League, since independence led the country to a
212:
that claimed at least 1.5 million lives. Estimates from some notable economists, including Dr. Amartya Sen however, suggest the death toll was much higher. A sudden flood in the same year made the situation much worse leaving hundreds to die of starvation.
609:
questioned the goals of the revolution, writing: "It is hard to explain why one would need a revolution to achieve such reformist goals!". According to Jahan, Sheikh Mujib's political plan was to replicate in
Bangladesh India's variant of the
359:
The remarks of
Mujibur indicate that he was irked by the criticism of the opposition parties which he believed was taking place due to the 'free-style' of democracy, and one of the reasons of the Second Revolution was putting an end to it.
278:
Leader, it does not look good that the father of the nation will be serving as merely a Prime Minister under a President. We request you to change the parliamentary system to a presidential one and remain the President of the country till
329:
I have decided to go for socialism. Come with me. I am the one who had chased away those Punjabi capitalists, now I cannot allow those Marwari capitalists. I will not let the country go capitalist. I will make it a socialist
456:
The constitution of the new party was declared on 6 June of the same year by Mujibur. The formation of the party was a follow-up of the Fourth Amendment that gave all the power to the President to form the party through his
194:
Amid political success, Bangladesh was facing difficulties with the condition of its economy after independence. In the 1974â75 fiscal year, after three years of independence, Bangladesh hardly registered a 2% growth in
140:. The hypothesis included a series of reforms in the three pillars of a state: administrative, judiciary and legislative systems. The reforms were enacted through the fourth amendment to the constitution of Bangladesh.
574:, United People's Party and some other parties had to go underground in the changed system. Ganabahini, the armed section of Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal was made more active after the party opted for going underground.
203:
according to the state policy and private entrepreneurship was discouraged. Though Bangladesh was seemingly advocating socialist ideologies, one of the prime priorities- the land reforms- seemed a far cry.
430:
In the Fourth Amendment, the entire Chapter I relating to the President, and Chapter II relating to the Prime Minister, and the Cabinet under Part IV were replaced by new provisions. The new system vested
235:) excesses and police actions. Opposition parties started protesting government repression and some of them opted for armed struggle to defend themselves. At least four members of parliament got killed.
560:
Though the revolution was thwarted before putting it in operation, it had infuriated a huge population of the country. Bangladeshis amid their sorrow due to an ongoing famine could not accept it.
271:
In October 1974, he addressed several meetings of the League and began publicly advocating the view that the parliamentary system had failed in Bangladesh and another "revolution" was inevitable.
216:
With these failures, the government started receiving criticism from opposition parties and newspapers. The government had decided to deal the political opposition harshly. Political figures like
557:
a President were made much harder. The minimum number of votes required to impeach a President was increased to three-fourths from two-thirds of the total number of the members of parliament.
1787:
605:
Second Revolution is generally represented positively in official Bangladeshi historiography. But itâs also criticized by the political thinkers and historians. Political scientist
2204:
745:
Mujibur detailed his Second Revolution plan, spelled out the four objectives of the revolution, and declared intentions to form multi-purpose co-operatives as economic units.
2920:
317:
How long will friends continue to give us food and assistance? We must have population control. We must discipline ourselves. I do not want to lead a nation of beggars.
2199:
708:
The Fourth Amendment bill was passed by the Parliament and Mujibur, in his speech about the Amendment of the Constitution, claimed that this is his Second Revolution.
1672:
453:(BaKSAL). The announcement automatically abolished all other political parties of the country, eventually made the other parties that did not join BaKSAL outlawed.
306:
Though the Second Revolution was a step forward to a Socialist Bangladesh with formidable economic and administrative reforms, it was much different than the other
411:
The basic concept of the reformation included certain features as indicated by the Fourth Amendment of the constitution and the subsequent government orders were:
502:
The Second Revolution imposed a greater control over civil liberties, including the basic rights of political activity, freedom of speech and the judiciary.
461:. It was also provided that the government servant would be qualified to be a member of the national party according to Article 117A(4) of the constitution.
563:
Many journalists became unemployed due to the sudden closure of almost all the newspapers, though the government arranged a token stipend for some of them.
347:
However, Mujibur later mentioned that parliamentary democracy was degenerating into a "free style", free-for-all democracy and he had to put a stop to it.
1814:
578:
152:
86:
2700:
873:
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Names of 61 Governor-designates were released, a month-long political training for the governors was yet to begin and end by 16 August of the same year.
187:
as the legislative system with 300 constituencies, where every member of parliaments needed to be elected by direct vote by qualified voters. And in the
577:
Though the chief of the Bangladesh Army was made a member of the central committee of BaKSAL, a section of the force was agitated by the reforms. In a
2688:
2925:
2598:
2045:
1732:
1697:
581:, Mujibur the President of the country and the leader of the revolution, was assassinated by a group of military personnel of the Bangladesh Army.
283:
Prime Minister Mujibur Rahman first pronounced the "Second Revolution" in his parliamentary speech after the Fourth Amendment on 25 January 1975.
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Mujibur announced the formation of the new national party BaKSAL and therefore banned all other political parties and organisation.
188:
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With the Fourth Amendment of the constitution, through which the revolution had begun in January 1975, Bangladesh converted into a
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1933:
1540:
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Mani advocated the idea of a one-party state with his uncle Mujibur as the head of state, in a series of public meetings of the
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Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was assassinated, along with most of his family members, during a military coup d'Êtat by a group of
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the editor of Ittefaq, which was one of the most popular dailies of the country, was substituted with Nurul Islam Patwari.
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191:, the Awami League emerged as the single largest party of the country to govern the nation winning 293 seats out of 300.
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in 1971 as the 'first revolution', the term 'Second Revolution' was first used in the 24 September 1974 edition of the
2112:
1959:
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Democracy and Dictatorship in South Asia: Dominant Classes and Political Outcomes in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh
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we see? When we started to proceed in this way foreign agents raised heads in this country and free style started.
199:(GDP) while the population grew by 3%, embarrassing statistics for a government. Almost all private ventures were
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On 16 June 1975, around 20 daily newspapers in the four major cities were closed down and only four survived:
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The clearly stated four objectives to create a society free from exploitation through Second Revolution were:
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The Second Revolution, according to Mujibur Rahman, was a reformation of the government and the whole system.
2775:
2105:
1907:
1897:
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Mujib under Article 117(A) clause 3 of the Constitution in June 1975 announced the constitution of the Party
567:
471:
376:
Mujibur spelled out four objectives of his Second Revolution on 26 March 1975 at the public meeting held at
184:
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from the existing 19. The governor-designates for the districts were declared on 16 July of the same year.
2800:
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2400:
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1986:
625:
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In the highest decision making council of BaKSAL there was no participation of any parties other than the
221:
196:
106:
1527:
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On 24 February 1975 Mujibur announced the formation of the only legal political party of the country the
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as an independent nation in 1971, Bangladesh became a people's republic which enabled both democracy and
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1969:
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Public meetings, strikes and any similar activities were declared illegal under the emergency rule.
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corruption and to retain the honour and dignity of Bangladesh as an independent and sovereign state.
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1923:
528:
177:
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1993:
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1323:
1000:
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1752:
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new system we are moving to from now on is also a democracy. This is the democracy of exploited.
274:
Mani professed his ideas to his uncle, Mujibur, in a private meeting in 1974 as well. He said:
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1938:
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judge including the Chief Justice simply by an order on ground of misbehaviour or incapacity.
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1902:
1315:
992:
377:
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In his emotional speech on 25 January 1975, Mujibur Rahman explaining the revolution, said:
121:
220:, Mosharraf Hossain, Badal Khan and almost thirty thousand political activists were either
2093:
2065:
810:
458:
432:
173:
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and secularism. And within one year of independence Bangladesh got its constitution.bn
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expressed his support of the Second Revolution in a joint declaration with Mujibur at
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2018:
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628:, a historian, termed the revolution as in truth a political death for Bangladesh.
619:
606:
335:
217:
200:
350:
In a public meeting after the declaration of the constitution of BaKSAL, he said:
147:
The 'revolution', as it was called by the Awami League leadership, ended with the
643:
Sheikh Mani first used the term Second Revolution in his Bengali language. daily
2705:
2465:
2375:
1887:
1528:"Secondary - (E.Version.) 2022 - Class-9- History CD COM OPT.pdf - Google Drive"
657:
527:
The government took over the four newspapers and appointed the editors as well.
1306:
Islam, Syed Serajul (May 1984). "The State in Bangladesh under Zia (1975â81)".
261:
as the editor-in-chief. Mani was the nephew of Prime Minister Mujibur Rahman,.
2618:
2608:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2147:
169:
133:
53:
310:. It was more aimed at achieving some reformist goals than a social change.
481:, composed of the local youth, women, workers, farmers and BaKSAL members.
470:
administration. On 21 June 1975, by a Presidential Ordinance, Mujibur
1066:. Indian National Congress. All India Congress Committee. 1975. p. 30
2174:
769:
Mujibur declared the constitution and the five fronts of national party.
698:
absolute authority to take any step necessary for the national interest.
670:
The President of Bangladesh declared a state of emergency in Bangladesh.
553:
was made the President for an indefinite time since the possible ways to
1650:
321:
In a meeting with two pioneers of the communist movement in Bangladesh,
1327:
1004:
732:
554:
144:
was formed as the decision making council to carry out the revolution.
494:
cooperatives would be considered as the economic units of the nation.
97:
69:
1319:
996:
2058:
981:
Bangladesh in 1975: The Fall of the Mujib Regime and Its Aftermath
478:
813:
personnel. With the death of its leader, the revolution failed.
2263:
1654:
1232:(in Bengali). Taraphadara Prakashani. March 2010. p. 335.
1119:(in Bengali). Taraphadara Prakashani. March 2010. p. 336.
477:
An administrative council was announced to be formed for each
325:
and Haider Akbar Khan Rano on 20 February 1975, Mujibur said,
268:(Jubo League), the youth wing of the Bangladesh Awami League.
1399:
SaášbidhÄna, sÄášbidhÄnika Äina, o rÄjanÄĢti: BÄášlÄdeÅa prasaáš
ga
1341:
Mitra, Subrata Kumar; Enskat, Mike; Spiess, Clemens (2004).
1253:
Mitra, Subrata Kumar; Enskat, Mike; Spiess, Clemens (2004).
945:
Poverty and Famines: An Essay of Entitlement and Deprivation
1048:
Some events around Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib and Bangladesh
930:
Bangladesh: A Case of Below Poverty Level Equilibrium Trap
759:
joined BaKSAL and pledged to be a part of the revolution.
535:, the nephew of Mujibur was appointed as the Editor of
338:
pointed out the idea of the Second Revolution this way:
1605:. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. pp. 252â253.
2731:
2526:
2505:
2452:
2429:
2368:
2309:
2157:
2010:
1978:
1947:
1916:
1828:
1760:
1688:
1402:āĻ¸āĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨, āĻ¸āĻžāĻāĻŦāĻŋāĻ§āĻžāĻ¨āĻŋāĻ āĻāĻāĻ¨ āĻ āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ: āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻ¸āĻā§āĻ
1087:
JÄsadÄra ut'thÄna-patana: Asthira samaáēÄra rÄjanÄĢti
59:
49:
28:
974:
972:
970:
968:
966:
964:
845:
549:With the reforms under the revolutionary program,
485:Compulsory multipurpose village level cooperatives
435:in the President, who was to be directly elected.
396:To increase production in agriculture and industry
80:Compulsory multipurpose village level cooperatives
660:and professed that the revolution is inevitable.
1475:. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 238.
1447:. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 245.
1373:. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 252.
1285:. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 235.
1202:. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag. p. 247.
1502:Muktiyuddha o tÄrapara: ekaáši nirdalÄĢáēa itihÄsa
589:
382:
352:
340:
327:
315:
308:socialist revolutions of the contemporary world
294:
276:
128:) was a political hypothesis presented by the "
32:25 January â 15 August 1975
932:. Bangladesh Institute of Development Studies.
755:Pro-Pakistan politician and opposition leader
656:Mani used the term in a public meeting of the
2275:
1666:
1050:. University Press Limited. pp. 197â198.
789:61 sub-divisions were promoted to districts.
598:History of Bangladesh and World Civilizations
16:Political hypothesis by Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
8:
1257:. Greeenwood Publishing Group. p. 225.
1176:. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 7
735:, although he refrained from joining BaKSAL
21:
1633:. APH Publishing Corporation. p. 213.
1545:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 155.
1345:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 226.
874:"Forty years . . . and diverse governments"
2282:
2268:
2260:
1673:
1659:
1651:
1505:āĻŽā§āĻā§āĻ¤āĻŋāĻ¯ā§āĻĻā§āĻ§ āĻ āĻ¤āĻžāĻ°āĻĒāĻ°āĻ āĻāĻāĻāĻŋ āĻ¨āĻŋāĻ°ā§āĻĻāĻ˛ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻāĻ¤āĻŋāĻšāĻžāĻ¸
1404:(in Bengali). CCB Foundation. p. 164.
20:
2921:Political career of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1419:. University Press Limited. p. 154.
1149:. University Press Limited. p. 153.
1025:. University Press Limited. p. 152.
979:Maniruzzaman, Talukder (February 1976). "
907:. University Press Limited. p. 142.
2046:Bhat De Haramzada, Noile Manchitro Khabo
1624:
1622:
1603:Bangladesh: Era of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1473:Bangladesh: Era of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1445:Bangladesh: Era of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1417:Bangladesh Politics: Problems and Issues
1371:Bangladesh: Era of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1283:Bangladesh: Era of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1221:
1219:
1200:Bangladesh: Era of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1147:Bangladesh Politics: Problems and Issues
1140:
1138:
1136:
1090:āĻāĻžāĻ¸āĻĻā§āĻ° āĻāĻ¤ā§āĻĨāĻžāĻ¨-āĻĒāĻ¤āĻ¨: āĻ
āĻ¸ā§āĻĨāĻŋāĻ° āĻ¸āĻŽāĻ¯āĻŧā§āĻ° āĻ°āĻžāĻāĻ¨ā§āĻ¤āĻŋ
1023:Bangladesh Politics: Problems and Issues
947:. Oxford University Press. p. 134.
905:Bangladesh Politics: Problems and Issues
779:All but four newspapers declared banned
834:
224:, or disappeared in three years due to
2649:Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
2242:
1798:Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League
840:
838:
823:Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
451:Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League
445:Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League
149:assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
92:Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1815:15 August 1975 Bangladesh coup d'Êtat
1698:East Pakistan Muslim Students' League
1507:(in Bengali). Prothoma. p. 205.
1092:(in Bengali). Prothoma. p. 158.
153:15 August 1975 Bangladesh coup d'Êtat
87:15 August 1975 Bangladesh coup d'Êtat
7:
2230:
2040:The Assassin Next Door (documentary)
1783:Premiership of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1738:Provisional Government of Bangladesh
465:Reorganized administrative structure
77:Reorganized administrative structure
2513:Centre for Research and Information
1577:. Manak Publications. p. 256.
847:"Bangladesh: The Second Revolution"
690:The parliamentary committee of the
579:pre-dawn coup d'Êtat in August 1975
229:
109:and Relation improvement with U.S.A
2073:Khoka Theke Bangabandhu Jatir Pita
1575:Administrative Elite in Bangladesh
14:
1788:1974 Speech at the United Nations
2893:
2892:
2545:All Pakistan Awami Muslim League
2300:
2290:
2241:
2229:
2218:
2217:
1751:
45:(6 months and 3 weeks)
2926:Political history of Bangladesh
2758:Chief Minister of East Pakistan
2577:Non-cooperation movement (1971)
2570:1970 Pakistani general election
1718:1970 Pakistani general election
1343:Political parties of South Asia
1255:Political parties of South Asia
880:. 26 March 2011. Archived from
596:âA part of grade 9-10 textbook
421:Presidential form of government
415:Presidential form of government
65:Presidential form of government
233: National Security Force
1:
2701:International Crimes Tribunal
2582:7 March Speech of Bangabandhu
2120:Mujib: The Making of a Nation
2033:Bangladesh: A Legacy of Blood
343:democracy of the "have-nots".
2854:Prime Minister of Bangladesh
2836:Vice President of Bangladesh
1631:Bangladesh: Past and Present
1173:Area Handbook for Bangladesh
491:Bangladeshi Independence Day
399:To control population growth
266:Bangladesh Awami Jubo League
22:2nd Revolution of Bangladesh
2931:History of the Awami League
2628:Sheikh Mujib Administration
2113:Jodi Raat Pohale Shona Jeto
1733:Declaration of Independence
1573:Rahman, M. Shamsur (1991).
928:Alamgir, Mahiuddin (1978).
2952:
2740:Prime Minister of Pakistan
2127:Shono Ekti Mujiborer Theke
1848:Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib
1629:Ahmed, Salahuddin (2004).
1170:Nyrop, Richard F. (1975).
498:Controlled civil liberties
442:
334:Noted political scientist
83:Controlled civil liberties
24:āĻŦāĻžāĻāĻ˛āĻžāĻĻā§āĻļā§āĻ° āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦ
2890:
2747:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
2721:Criticism of Awami League
2684:2004 Dhaka grenade attack
2592:Bangladesh Liberation War
2442:Central Working Committee
2323:Huseyn Shaheed Suhrawardy
2317:Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
2213:
2087:Amader Choto Russel Shona
2080:Hasina: A Daughter's Tale
1749:
1539:Stern, Robert W. (2001).
1397:Halim, Md. Abdul (2010).
1085:Ahmed, Mahiuddin (2014).
1063:Socialist India Volume 11
729:Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani
249:Bangladesh Liberation War
125:
2807:Abu Sadat Mohammad Sayem
2674:1988 Chittagong massacre
2599:Independence Declaration
2565:Agartala Conspiracy Case
2329:Abdur Rashid Tarkabagish
2019:1971: Inside and Outside
1929:Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani
1853:Sheikh Mosharraf Hossain
1728:Non-cooperation movement
1713:Agartala Conspiracy Case
1504:
1500:Murshid, Ghulam (2009).
1401:
1229:
1116:
1089:
533:Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani
402:To foster national unity
259:Sheikh Fazlul Haque Mani
183:Bangladesh introduced a
176:as state policies, with
2776:President of Bangladesh
2732:Presence in governments
2297:Bangladesh Awami League
2106:Jochona O Jononir Golpo
1908:Shafique Ahmed Siddique
568:Jatiyo Samajtantrik Dal
566:Political parties like
511:The Bangladesh Observer
185:parliamentary democracy
2881:(1996â2001; 2009-2024)
2801:Khondaker Mostaq Ahmad
2795:Mohammad Mohammadullah
2604:Provisional Government
2430:Internal Organisations
2401:Syeda Sajeda Chowdhury
1987:The Unfinished Memoirs
1415:Jahan, Rounaq (2005).
1145:Jahan, Rounaq (2005).
1046:Mia, MA Wazed (1993).
903:Jahan, Rounaq (2005).
626:A. F. Salahuddin Ahmed
593:
393:To weed out corruption
387:
357:
345:
332:
319:
299:
281:
222:extrajudicially killed
197:Gross Domestic Product
168:With the emergence of
107:Khondaker Mostaq Ahmed
2936:Awami League scandals
2867:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
2783:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
2506:Related organisations
2381:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
2341:Muhammad Qamaruzzaman
2335:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
1682:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
943:Sen, Amartya (1981).
696:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
551:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
443:Further information:
247:When considering the
189:1973 general election
138:Sheikh Mujibur Rahman
102:End of the revolution
2825:Mohammed Shahabuddin
2789:Abu Sayeed Chowdhury
2679:Caretaker government
2416:Sayed Ashraful Islam
2349:(Convenor) (1977â78)
2347:Syeda Zohra Tajuddin
2141:Tungiparar Miya Bhai
2001:Amar Dekha Noya Chin
1838:Sheikh Lutfar Rahman
1810:Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini
694:gave Prime Minister
572:National Awami Party
538:The Bangladesh Times
515:The Bangladesh Times
472:created 61 districts
425:Parliamentary system
257:newspaper which had
226:Jatiya Rakkhi Bahini
2873:Muhammad Mansur Ali
2716:SheikhâWazed family
2496:Mohila Awami League
2439:National Conference
2369:General secretaries
2205:Artistic depictions
1934:Sheikh Fazlul Karim
1924:Abdur Rab Serniabat
529:Anwar Hossain Manju
178:Bengali nationalism
25:
2560:Six point movement
2490:Swechasebak League
2486:(Trade union wing)
1994:The Prison Diaries
1708:Six point movement
854:. 10 February 1975
638:24 September 1974:
254:Daily Banglar Bani
2908:
2907:
2843:Syed Nazrul Islam
2785:(1971â1972; 1975)
2765:Ataur Rahman Khan
2694:Logi Boitha Rally
2668:Sheikh Hasina Era
2639:Second Revolution
2550:Language Movement
2540:Two-nation theory
2492:(Volunteers wing)
2257:
2256:
1939:Fazle Noor Taposh
1803:Second revolution
1584:978-81-85445-02-1
1552:978-0-275-97041-3
1514:978-984-8765-37-1
1426:978-984-05-1029-0
1352:978-0-275-96832-8
1264:978-0-275-96832-8
1239:978-984-779-027-5
1156:978-984-05-1029-0
1126:978-984-779-027-5
1032:978-984-05-1029-0
914:978-984-05-1029-0
757:Ataur Rahman Khan
713:24 February 1975:
665:28 December 1974:
612:Westminster model
323:Rashed Khan Menon
118:Second Revolution
115:
114:
96:Abolition of the
2943:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2654:Jail Killing Day
2445:Advisory Council
2353:Abdul Malek Ukil
2304:
2298:
2294:
2284:
2277:
2270:
2261:
2245:
2244:
2233:
2232:
2221:
2220:
2195:Mritunjoyi Mujib
2052:Chironjeeb Mujib
1903:M. A. Wazed Miah
1755:
1723:7th March Speech
1675:
1668:
1661:
1652:
1645:
1644:
1626:
1617:
1616:
1595:
1589:
1588:
1570:
1564:
1563:
1561:
1559:
1536:
1530:
1525:
1519:
1518:
1497:
1491:
1490:
1465:
1459:
1458:
1437:
1431:
1430:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1338:
1332:
1331:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1275:
1269:
1268:
1250:
1244:
1243:
1223:
1214:
1213:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1167:
1161:
1160:
1142:
1131:
1130:
1110:
1104:
1103:
1099:978-984-90747-55
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1058:
1052:
1051:
1043:
1037:
1036:
1015:
1009:
1008:
976:
959:
958:
940:
934:
933:
925:
919:
918:
900:
894:
893:
891:
889:
870:
864:
863:
861:
859:
849:
842:
703:25 January 1975:
685:21 January 1975:
651:11 October 1974:
601:
489:Mujibur, at the
439:One-party system
378:Suhrawardy Udyan
234:
231:
127:
74:One-party system
43:
41:
37:
26:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2942:
2941:
2940:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2899:
2886:
2727:
2522:
2501:
2462:(Students wing)
2460:Students League
2453:Political wings
2448:
2425:
2364:
2361:(1981â present)
2305:
2296:
2288:
2258:
2253:
2209:
2153:
2094:Amar Fashi Chai
2066:Mujib Amar Pita
2011:Popular culture
2006:
1974:
1943:
1912:
1824:
1756:
1747:
1684:
1679:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1628:
1627:
1620:
1613:
1597:
1596:
1592:
1585:
1572:
1571:
1567:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1506:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1483:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1455:
1439:
1438:
1434:
1427:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1403:
1396:
1395:
1391:
1381:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1353:
1340:
1339:
1335:
1320:10.2307/2644413
1305:
1304:
1300:
1293:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1265:
1252:
1251:
1247:
1240:
1231:
1230:āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§
1225:
1224:
1217:
1210:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1179:
1177:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1157:
1144:
1143:
1134:
1127:
1118:
1117:āĻļāĻ¤āĻžāĻŦā§āĻĻā§ āĻĒā§āĻ°āĻŋāĻ¯āĻŧā§
1112:
1111:
1107:
1100:
1091:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1045:
1044:
1040:
1033:
1017:
1016:
1012:
997:10.2307/2643140
978:
977:
962:
955:
942:
941:
937:
927:
926:
922:
915:
902:
901:
897:
887:
885:
884:on 28 July 2016
872:
871:
867:
857:
855:
844:
843:
836:
831:
819:
811:Bangladesh Army
804:15 August 1975:
675:6 January 1975:
634:
603:
595:
587:
547:
500:
487:
467:
459:executive order
447:
441:
433:executive power
417:
409:
374:
366:
304:
289:
245:
232:
166:
161:
130:founding father
126:āĻĻā§āĻŦāĻŋāĻ¤ā§āĻ¯āĻŧ āĻŦāĻŋāĻĒā§āĻ˛āĻŦ
105:Empowerment of
44:
39:
35:
33:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2949:
2947:
2939:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2905:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2876:
2870:
2864:
2861:Tajuddin Ahmad
2849:
2848:
2847:
2846:
2831:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2827:(2023âPresent)
2822:
2816:
2810:
2804:
2798:
2792:
2786:
2771:
2770:
2769:
2768:
2753:
2752:
2751:
2750:
2735:
2733:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2697:
2696:
2689:2006â08 crisis
2686:
2681:
2676:
2664:
2663:
2662:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2634:Famine of 1974
2624:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2530:
2528:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2502:
2500:
2499:
2493:
2487:
2481:
2480:(Farmers wing)
2478:Krishak League
2475:
2469:
2463:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2447:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2426:
2424:
2423:
2421:Obaidul Quader
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2386:Tajuddin Ahmad
2383:
2378:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2313:
2311:
2307:
2306:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2279:
2272:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2239:
2227:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2170:Memorial Trust
2167:
2161:
2159:
2155:
2154:
2152:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2134:The Black Coat
2130:
2123:
2116:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2090:
2083:
2076:
2069:
2062:
2055:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2029:
2022:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1997:
1990:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1951:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1942:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1920:
1918:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1885:
1880:
1875:
1870:
1865:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1834:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1761:Administration
1758:
1757:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1690:Liberation War
1686:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1677:
1670:
1663:
1655:
1647:
1646:
1640:978-8176484695
1639:
1618:
1611:
1590:
1583:
1565:
1551:
1531:
1520:
1513:
1492:
1481:
1460:
1453:
1432:
1425:
1407:
1389:
1379:
1358:
1351:
1333:
1314:(5): 556â573.
1298:
1291:
1270:
1263:
1245:
1238:
1227:ÅatÄbdÄĢ pÄriáēÄ
1215:
1208:
1187:
1162:
1155:
1132:
1125:
1114:ÅatÄbdÄĢ pÄriáēÄ
1105:
1098:
1077:
1053:
1038:
1031:
1010:
991:(2): 119â129.
960:
953:
935:
920:
913:
895:
878:The Daily Star
865:
833:
832:
830:
827:
826:
825:
818:
815:
807:
806:
797:
796:
787:
786:
777:
776:
767:
766:
753:
752:
750:25 April 1975:
743:
742:
740:26 March 1975:
726:
725:
716:
715:
706:
705:
688:
687:
678:
677:
668:
667:
654:
653:
641:
640:
633:
630:
588:
586:
583:
546:
543:
499:
496:
486:
483:
466:
463:
440:
437:
416:
413:
408:
405:
404:
403:
400:
397:
394:
373:
370:
365:
362:
303:
300:
288:
285:
244:
241:
210:famine in 1974
165:
162:
160:
157:
113:
112:
111:
110:
103:
100:
94:
89:
84:
81:
78:
75:
72:
66:
61:
57:
56:
51:
47:
46:
30:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2948:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2903:
2902:
2889:
2880:
2879:Sheikh Hasina
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2844:
2841:
2840:
2838:
2837:
2833:
2832:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2813:Zillur Rahman
2811:
2808:
2805:
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2760:
2759:
2755:
2754:
2748:
2745:
2744:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2734:
2730:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2711:Graft scandal
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2659:Indemnity Act
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2625:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2596:
2594:
2593:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2575:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2529:
2525:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2497:
2494:
2491:
2488:
2485:
2484:Sramik League
2482:
2479:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2432:
2428:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:Zillur Rahman
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2391:Zillur Rahman
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2367:
2360:
2359:Sheikh Hasina
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2314:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2293:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2273:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2262:
2250:
2249:
2240:
2238:
2237:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2124:
2122:
2121:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2030:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1970:Hotel Sayeman
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1952:
1950:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1935:
1932:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1922:
1921:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1898:Sultana Kamal
1896:
1894:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1879:
1878:Sheikh Russel
1876:
1874:
1873:Sheikh Rehana
1871:
1869:
1868:Sheikh Hasina
1866:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1843:Sayera Khatun
1841:
1839:
1836:
1835:
1833:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1820:Assassination
1818:
1816:
1813:
1811:
1808:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1795:
1794:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1763:
1759:
1754:
1744:
1741:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1706:
1704:
1701:
1699:
1696:
1695:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1676:
1671:
1669:
1664:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1653:
1642:
1636:
1632:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1614:
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2614:Mukti Bahini
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2555:United Front
2534:Pakistan Era
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2518:Young Bangla
2498:(Women wing)
2474:(Armed Wing)
2472:Mukti Bahini
2468:(Youth wing)
2466:Youth League
2436:Constitution
2396:Abdur Razzaq
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1960:Dhanmondi 32
1955:Baker Hostel
1893:Tulip Siddiq
1883:Sajeeb Wazed
1863:Sheikh Jamal
1858:Sheikh Kamal
1802:
1743:Mujib Bahini
1703:Awami League
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1308:Asian Survey
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1178:. Retrieved
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985:Asian Survey
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882:the original
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218:Siraj Sikder
215:
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201:nationalised
193:
182:
167:
146:
117:
116:
18:
2869:(1972â1975)
2863:(1971â1972)
2845:(1971â1972)
2821:(2013â2023)
2819:Abdul Hamid
2815:(2009â2013)
2809:(1975â1977)
2797:(1974â1975)
2791:(1972â1973)
2767:(1956â1958)
2749:(1956â1957)
2706:Vision 2021
2411:Abdul Jalil
2376:Shamsul Huq
2026:August 1975
1888:Saima Wazed
1793:4th cabinet
1778:3rd cabinet
1773:2nd cabinet
1768:1st cabinet
658:Jubo League
380:. He said,
151:during the
2915:Categories
2619:Joy Bangla
2609:Mujibnagar
2310:Presidents
2248:Wikiquotes
2190:Mujib Year
2185:Mujib coat
2180:Mujibnagar
2148:Mujib Bhai
1558:21 October
1180:21 October
1070:21 October
888:29 January
858:29 January
829:References
372:Objectives
364:Components
170:Bangladesh
164:Background
134:Bangladesh
54:Bangladesh
40:1975-08-15
36:1975-01-25
2355:(1978â81)
2343:(1974â75)
2337:(1966â74)
2331:(1957â66)
2325:(1956â57)
2319:(1949â56)
2200:Namesakes
1965:Mausoleum
1948:Landmarks
1917:Relatives
1601:(1984) .
1471:(1984) .
1443:(1984) .
1369:(1984) .
1281:(1984) .
1198:(1984) .
287:Enactment
174:socialism
2900:Category
2224:Category
2175:Mujibism
2165:Birthday
1021:(2005).
817:See also
632:Timeline
545:Outcomes
523:Ittefaq.
407:Features
302:Ideology
50:Location
38: â
2527:History
2236:Commons
1328:2644413
1005:2643140
733:Tangail
555:impeach
423:from a
230:transl.
159:History
122:Bengali
60:Outcome
34: (
2875:(1975)
2803:(1975)
2644:BAKSAL
2158:Legacy
2100:Huliya
1830:Family
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585:Legacy
521:, and
279:death.
243:Origin
142:BaKSAL
98:BAKSAL
70:BAKSAL
2059:Deyal
1979:Books
1324:JSTOR
1001:JSTOR
479:thana
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852:Time
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