Siege of Krujë (1466–1467)

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critical, however, due to the economic hardships suffered during the siege. Skanderbeg's only expectancy was for help to come from Italy, but the Italian states, despite sending congratulatory messages, sent no financial aid. Hungary continued its defensive war and thus Skanderbeg's only remaining ally was Venice. Even Venice became skeptical of continuing the war and was alone in allying with Skanderbeg. Venice reported to Hungary that Mehmed had offered peace and was willing to accept it. Hungary also opted for peace, but Mehmed only sought peace with Venice in order to isolate Skanderbeg and thus peace was not signed. Skanderbeg and Venice continually began to worry about the Ottoman garrison in Elbasan. Skanderbeg led some assaults on the fortress after being urged to by Venice but failed to capture it due to lack of artillery. According to Critobulos, Mehmed was troubled after learning of the Ottoman defeat and began preparations for a new campaign. Venice itself was in conflict with its Italian neighbors who had grown wary of its increasing influence in the Balkans. With the western powers fighting among themselves, the road to Albania was open. Mehmed thus decided to send a force to subdue Albania conclusively which resulted in a new

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Ferdinand to award to Skanderbeg what tribute would have been given to Rome. Skanderbeg lost all hope and decided to return to Albania before pleas from several cardinals convinced to stay, offering aid from their own pockets and hope in persuading Paul. A third consistory was convened on 13 February 1467 which, like the other two, came to nothing regarding aid to Skanderbeg. Skanderbeg thus began his departure from Rome. Paul met with Skanderbeg and gave him the authority to pull 7,500 ducats from Ferdinand's aforementioned tribute to Rome. This amount had not been gathered, however, and Paul thus offered Skanderbeg 2,300 ducats. Skanderbeg departed from Rome on 14 February and soon received news from Albania: the war was nearing its end and needed Skanderbeg to return; an Ottoman force sent to defeat the League of Lezhë definitively, however, had been defeated. He met with

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trusted forces would be assigned to another group under his command; Krujë's garrison would continue to defend the fortress. Moneta's and Dukagjini's men would attack the besieging forces from the north and Skanderbeg's men would attack from south of Krujë while also blocking any possible Ottoman reinforcements from the east. Skanderbeg first assaulted the guarding force which Ballaban had left and he gained control of this strategic point. Skanderbeg then managed to defeat the Ottoman relief forces under Ballaban's brother, Jonuz, and captured him and his son. Four days later, an organized attack from Skanderbeg and the forces from Krujë was carried during which Ballaban forces retreated and he himself was killed in the resulting clashes by Gjergj Lleshi (

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split his army into three parts and surrounded the besiegers. Ballaban was killed during the fighting and the Ottoman forces were left without a commander and a depleted force which was surrounded. Afterwards the Albanian-Venetian forces completed the rout by killing the remaining Ottoman forces before they could escape by way of Dibër. The victory was well received by both Albanians and Italians. This did not signal the end of the war, however, as soon after, Skanderbeg took up some assaults on Elbasan after being urged to by Venice, but was not able to take the fortress due to lack of artillery. Venice itself was in conflict with its Italian neighbors, which led Mehmed to begin another campaign against the Albanians. This would result in another

1258:. He was greeted by Italian ambassadors from the various states who offered "aid and favors" and by several bishops and prelates. Paul, however, was still wary of giving Skanderbeg aid because he reasoned that the Neapolitan threat was more powerful than the Ottoman one. Unlike his predecessors, Paul never attempted to form a crusade against the Ottomans and instead preferred the use of pacification methods. Nevertheless, Skanderbeg continued to stay in Rome, hoping that Paul would allocate part of his funds (of about 500,000 ducats) to Albania. Paul asserted to Skanderbeg that Venice's refusal to cooperate with him prevented him from directly helping Skanderbeg. Thus, Skanderbeg was sent to the Signoria to negotiate their stance. 1300:

court, Ferdinand received an ambassador from Mehmed offering peace, signaling that the Ottomans did not have any aggressive intentions towards Naples. Ferdinand accepted the proposal and Skanderbeg thus began his return to Albania. Ballaban continued to strengthen the siege against Krujë. Upon returning to Albania, the political situation began to change. The once distant Albanian nobles, among them Dukagjini, were now convinced of their impending defeat and allied themselves with Skanderbeg. Meanwhile, the Venetians ended their attempts to negotiate peace with Mehmed and accepted cooperation with Skanderbeg. Skanderbeg met with Dukagjini and other northern Albanian nobles in Alessio (

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was also worried that his interests could be inhibited by the pope and eventually he didn't send any resources to Skanderbeg until disagreements with his neighbors were resolved. Thus, Skanderbeg departed from Naples without any definitive agreement on the aid that would be provided by Naples. Venice offered the same and Skanderbeg went to Paul after the latter had declared that the Christian League had raised 100,000 ducats for the planned crusade. Skanderbeg reached Rome on 12 December 1466 where he was greeted by the cardinals and their families. Here they received the impression of Skanderbeg as a poor old man, dressed as an ordinary soldier. He was offered residence in

1106:, a Greek historian for the sultan, also describes the resistance and its aftermath. The Albanians in his chronicle had likewise gained the mountaintops; the light Ottoman infantry climbed up the heights where they cornered the Albanians behind a cliff and fell on them. Many Albanians jumped from the cliffs to escape massacre. The soldiers then spread throughout the mountains and captured many as slaves while also taking anything of value. Furthermore, in order to secure future marches into Albania, Mehmed ordered forests through which the main roads ran through to be cut down. In this way, he created wide military roads which were secure. 1278:, the pope's appeal to fund Skanderbeg with only 5,000 ducats was heard and when the Cardinals responded that the fund was minimal, Paul explained that he would send more once Italy was pacified. Paul's decision led to a fierce debate on Italy's future which left Albania's fate undiscussed. A second consistory was called on 12 January but did not result in anything favorable for Skanderbeg. Contemporaries were critical of the pope's delays but he explained that he was waiting to see what Ferdinand of Naples was willing to offer before offering anything himself, in order not to waste funds. 1225:

was completed, Venice urged its proveditors in Albania to cooperate with the Italian and native forces in their proposed siege on Elbasan. Venetian faith in Skanderbeg began to subside, however, since the sultan took a much more aggressive approach in his relations with Venice. Since the Signoria still had not delivered its promised aid, Skanderbeg sent his son John to Venice. Even though the war was at its apogee, John returned from Venice empty-handed. This forced Skanderbeg to look towards Rome and Naples for aid.

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and the masses of refugees. By 22 November, news came to Venice about the campaigns of Sinan bey against Albania Veneta in order to pressure the Republic to accept a peace or a ceasefire. The Signoria was slow to come to terms with Mehmed due to the pressure put on it by Pope Paul, Hungary, and Naples to remain at war. The attempt to sway the Venetians failed and the campaign was cancelled. This had an adverse effect for the Ottomans since

1337: 3685: 1177: 1220:, describing how he had devastated the country and at its center built a powerful fortress. Upon his exit from Albania, Marin Barleti says that Mehmed passed through Dibra and massacred 8,000 people, a figure close to the number given by the Ottoman chronicler Oruc ben Adil of 7,500. The importance of the fortress was further underscored by its position on the ancient 227: 1054:, an army of 300,000 soldiers (a figure considered to be exaggerated) had marched into Albania, massacred 7,000 people, and sacked many populated areas, while Skanderbeg was preparing to flee to Italy. However, Skanderbeg had remained in Albania but he had sent twelve ships with many inhabitants of Krujë to Italy as refugees. With them, he sent his wife, 797: 1234: 1266:, Skanderbeg's ally in northern Albania, decided to work without reservation with Skanderbeg against the Ottomans. In Rome, the pope continued to hold Skanderbeg and would only give him 300 ducats to support his stay. On Christmas Eve, Paul invited Skanderbeg to a ceremony where he was awarded with a sword and helmet and referred to him as 1357:. The Albanians thus began to annihilate the surrounded army before the Ottomans cut a narrow path through their opponents and fled through Dibra. On 23 April 1467, Skanderbeg entered Krujë. Meanwhile, the Venetians had taken advantage of Mehmed's absence in Albania and sent a fleet under Vettore Capello into the 1281:

Skanderbeg's view of the situation worsened with news coming from Albania, which strengthened his opinion that his time in Italy was becoming more and more irrational. His pessimism grew once he found out that Venice was now pressuring Paul into refusing Skanderbeg aid since they wished to put an end

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under his command. He offered rewards to the garrison if they surrendered, but the garrison responded by bombarding the Ottoman positions. The Ottomans then began to heavily bombard the fortress but this came to no effect. According to documentary sources, the siege began in mid-June, one month after

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realized the power vacuum created after Pius died and he tried to take advantage of the situation. He thus attempted to sign a peace agreement with Hungary and Venice so that his forces could focus on Albania to gain a base for future campaigns in the Italian peninsula. His efforts were unsuccessful,

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With the death of Ballaban, Ottoman forces were left surrounded and according to Bernandino de Geraldinis, a Neapolitan functionary, 10,000 men remained in the besieging camp. Those inside the encirclement asked to leave freely to Ottoman territory, offering to surrender all that was within the camp

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and cut through the woods of Jonima to the boundaries of Krujë. Skanderbeg's commanders were assigned different groups for an assault on the main Ottoman camp: northern Albanian forces would be put under Dukagjini's command, Venetian battalions were under the command of Moneta, and Skanderbeg's most

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During the last weeks of the year in Albania, there was no fighting since the Ottomans did not normally engage in battle during the winter. But Krujë was still under siege and Ottoman garrisons in other areas remained. Life became harder for the population after the destruction of crops and villages

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and its central position in the Shkumbin valley from where the Ottomans could travel to the coast. Elbasan concerned not only the Albanians, but also the Venetians, who considered its proximity to Durazzo (30 mi (48 km)) alarmant. On 16 August, around the time that the building of Elbasan

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believes the work to have begun in July. Critobulus, who accompanied Mehmed in this campaign, describes that the men stationed in Elbasan would constantly harass the Albanians, to leave them no place for refuge, and to repel any Albanian force which descended from the mountains. Due to his personal

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The defeat of the Ottoman forces showed that the League of Lezhë had yet to be fully defeated. This allowed Skanderbeg to visit Ferdinand before his departure from Italy, but he received only 1,000 ducats, 300 carts of grain, and 500 ducats to support Krujë's munitions. While Skanderbeg was in his

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During October 1466, Skanderbeg travelled to Italy to reach an agreement with Ferdinand of Naples and Pope Paul II over the provisions, which they would be willing to provide. As a result of the inter-Italian rivalries, the possibility of a crusade was abandoned. Since Paul was Venetian, Ferdinand

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where they possessed territories. They also responded that they had had difficulty recruiting new soldiers due to financial trouble and could only send 1,000 ducats to its provveditores in Albania. Despite these difficulties, Skanderbeg and his men continued fighting. After becoming convinced that

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to Venice. On 7 July, Engjëlli informed the Venetians that the League of Lezhë continued and Krujë still stood, contrary to rumors that said otherwise. He thus requested the arrival of promised Venetian forces when they signed a treaty of alliance on 20 August 1463 and the promised contribution of

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Ferdinand's rule. The arrival of Albanian refugees further distressed the pope and many Italians who had come to believe that Albania had been conquered and that Mehmed was now preparing to march into Italy. News to the contrary also reached Rome saying that the League of Lezhë had not been broken

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did not send his promised forces and the Venetian forces under Cimarosto left Albania. During the autumn of 1465, Ottoman forces moved from the Morea and Bosnia in order to speed up the peace negotiations. Venice, however, refused peace and Skanderbeg believed that a new Albanian-Venetian campaign

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After his return the Venetians decided to send troops against the Ottoman advances. Skanderbeg gathered 13,400 men, among whom were many Venetians, to launch an assault on the Ottoman besieging camp, who had taken command once Mehmed left Albania after the construction of Elbasan. Skanderbeg had

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that the campaign was nearing its end and that if the necessary actions were not brought up to speed, Albania would fall along with Venice's possessions. Skanderbeg's requests for proper aid were continually rejected on the basis that Italy's peace must first be secured and instead Paul ordered

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The victory was also well received in Italy with contemporaries hoping for more such news. But, despite the Ottoman loss, the victory did not signal an end to the war. Skanderbeg's damaged forces, however, had been renewed with northern warriors and Venetian battalions. The situation remained

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Krujë would not be taken by force, Mehmed left 18,000 cavalry and 5,000 infantry under Ballaban and in June 1466 withdrew with his main army. He withdrew from the siege to Durazzo where he pillaged the area in rage. When Mehmed withdrew from Albania, he deposed Dorotheos, the

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began planning his own crusade, but with means different from his predecessor. He planned to get the major European states to help fund the crusade while Venice, Hungary, and Albania would do the fighting. He also wanted to aid the Albanians as much as possible and urged the

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River valley. Both fielded men in the frontier regions, right and left of both valleys, and would engage in massacring the local populations, raiding inhabited areas, and burning every village which offered resistance. The populations thus decided to flee into safe areas.

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to supply Skanderbeg with able forces. Venice began to consider peace with the Ottomans since its resources had significantly decreased, while Hungary adopted a defensive strategy, however, pressure from the Pope and Skanderbeg forced them to abort their efforts.

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reported that the number was 30,000. Ottoman forces were ready to enter the Kingdom of Naples and pressured Ferdinand to form an alliance with Mehmed. The situation was not clear in the Balkans, however, as it was thought that the Ottomans could march against

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guidance, Mehmed was able to see the construction finish before the summer ended. There would also be inhabitants inside to serve the 400 soldiers stationed there along with cannons and catapults; the fortress would be under the command of Ballaban Badera.

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Ballaban's camp was located on the hills southwest of Krujë and at the bottom of the mountain nowadays known as Mt. Sarisalltëk, he placed a guarding force. The rest of his army surrounded Krujë. Skanderbeg and his allies marched through the mouth of the

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News arrived from eastern Albania that the Ottomans had initiated massacres in the area. The pope was distressed by this and called on the Christian princes of Europe to aid Skanderbeg. Soon after, Mehmed's men marched into Albania. Unlike his father

931:. In the meantime, Mehmed continued to negotiate peace with Hungary and Venice. Skanderbeg found himself isolated during these negotiations, even if they did not succeed, as the conflicting powers temporarily ceased conflict. Furthermore, 889:

the Ottoman forces under Şeremet bey stationed there on 14 or 15 September. The Venetian Senate informed the Hungarians of the joint Albanian-Venetian success on 29 September. Mehmed, sensing the weakness in his frontier, assigned

944:(Venetian Senate), which sent him to Albania to inform Skanderbeg that troops were being raised, although only 300 had been recruited at the time, with Cimarosto as the commander. Venice was also in the process of sending its 1345:

to the Albanians. Skanderbeg was prepared to accept, but many nobles refused. Among them was Dukagjini, who wanted to attack and destroy the Turkish camp. Demetrio Franco described Dukagjini's proposal with the Albanian word

843:, one of Skanderbeg's major benefactors, died and his plans for a crusade against the Ottoman Empire disintegrated. The alliances and promises for help from the major Christian powers were canceled with the exception of the 270: 1034:, the main Albanian fortress, by reducing Skanderbeg's manpower, supplies, and political and moral backing. Afterwards, Krujë would be put under siege. The Ottoman campaign was thus sent in two directions: one through the 740:, withstood the siege while Skanderbeg roamed Albania to gather forces and facilitate the flight of refugees from the civilian areas that were attacked by the Ottomans. Krujë managed to withstand the siege put on it by 1304:) where they gathered an army to assault Ballaban's forces. Together with 400 of Dukagjini's cavalry and a large number of infantry, 600 heavily armed Italian soldiers, and 4,000 locals from Durazzo, Scutari, Alessio, 960:, and ten barrels of gunpowder. Throughout April, rumors spread that the Ottomans were preparing to march into Albania. By 18 April 1466, Venice received knowledge that the Ottomans were heading towards Albania. 1135:

Mehmed began his campaign to force the eastern regions of Albania into submission. Mehmed's campaigns there had put Skanderbeg under massive strain while the latter had yet to receive financial aid from abroad.

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which would allow the Ottomans to send ships into the Adriatic and threaten Venetian colonies. Seeing that his situation had become unfavorable, Skanderbeg made a trip to Italy where he would try to convince

1208:, located in a Shkumbin valley, where the geographic conditions were regarded as favorable. Since the resources had been gathered and stored beforehand, Elbasan was built within a short time (one month) and 1086:, however, says that Mehmed's campaign was a response to the breaking of the ceasefire in 1463 when Skanderbeg learned that the crusade against the Ottomans organized by Pius II was ready to set off from 1082:

were allowed to raid the country, a decision which, according to scholar Mehmed Neshriu, was an act of reprisal regarding Skanderbeg's raids in Macedonia in 1464, which interrupted his siege on Jajce.

1316:, one of Skanderbeg's primary biographers and personal associates, who also served in Skanderbeg's ranks. Among those who joined Skanderbeg was Nicolo Moneta, a lord of Scutari and wealthy Venetian 263: 2801: 1216:

The personal care and attention Mehmed paid to Elbasan's construction testifies its importance in the sultan's plans. This is further testified by the message Mehmed gave to his son, the future

1009:, or Albania. By the beginning of May, however, it was clear that the Ottomans would attack Albania because of the approach of Mehmed's troops towards Albania after the end of his campaigns in 1204:). According to Ottoman chronicler Kemal Pashazade, the sultan would place several hundred men to patrol the area and defend the fortress. The foundations were built upon a field called 256: 1196:. He also decided to build a powerful fortress in central Albania to counterbalance Krujë's position and to form a base for further Ottoman campaigns. The fortress would be called 831:, his main fort, he led the league in the Ottoman-Albanian wars. Having defeated the Ottomans in many battles he allied with Western Christian states and leaders, especially with 759:

which would provide a perennial base for future Ottoman assaults on Skanderbeg's domains. The fortress especially worried Venice since Elbasan was constructed on the banks of the

3559: 1377:, the Ottoman commander in Greece, led a relief force to Patras where he was initially repelled before turning on his pursuers, forcing them to flee, terminating their campaign. 1017:, and the Morea. None of the promised reinforcements from Naples and Venice arrived and Skanderbeg was thus left to fight Ottoman forces only with the league's troops. 3744: 3521: 2794: 2710: 1074:

The League of Lezhë saw a massive struggle against Ottoman forces and its front was expanded throughout Albania. Skanderbeg retreated to the mountains surrounding

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to give him aid for his war. Despite many promises from the pope, Skanderbeg received little due to the fear of a Neapolitan war with Rome and infighting in the

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likewise deferred Skanderbeg's requests to the pope. By the time he left Italy, the League of Lezhë had been weakened and needed his intervention.

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was also reinforced after Skanderbeg's counsel and the walls were rebuilt. On 19 April 1466, news spread that the sultan was going to march into

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however, since neither Venice nor Hungary accepted his proposed treaty. Mehmed thus kept his armies stationed in the Balkans, one force near

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in eastern Albania to weaken Skanderbeg's domains. The new Ottoman possessions were collected and placed under the administration of the

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as commander, replacing Şeremet. Ballaban was an Albanian by birth who had been incorporated into the Ottoman army through the

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Despite his inability to subdue Krujë, Mehmed decided that the Ottoman presence would not depart from Albania. He organized a

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Skanderbeg did not expect such a campaign and his army was not ready to halt the advances. According to an act released

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The victory was well received among the Albanians, and Skanderbeg's recruits increased as documented by Geraldini:

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3,000 ducats. The Venetians responded that they were already in a difficult situation due to the Ottoman threat in

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and 200 Neapolitan marksmen. Skanderbeg removed his men from the fortress of Krujë in a manner similar to the

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in Scutari, the Venetian provveditore in Albania Veneta, where he gathered help from Venetian nobles.

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Skanderbeg led an incursion into Ottoman territory near Ohrid with the aid of Venetian forces under a

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Once news of the Ottoman approach arrived, Venice sent reinforcements to its cities along Albania;

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but refused it and instead wanted to stay with another Albanian whose house later took the name

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The first phase of the Ottoman campaign to isolate Krujë lasted for two months. According to

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Skanderbeg was in his camp with 16,000 men and every day his camp grows with young warriors.

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The Ottoman-Albanian war continued through 1465 with Ballaban Badera meeting Skanderbeg at

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to the war and capitulate Krujë. During the first days of February, news arrived from the

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Main Albanian towns during the 15th century, including settlements in neighboring regions

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named Antonio da Cosenza, also known as Cimarosto, on 6 September 1464. Together, they

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The grand Turk: Sultan Mehmet II, conqueror of Constantinople and master of an empire

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Comentario de le cose de' Turchi, et del S. Georgio Scanderbeg, principe d' Epyr

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Skanderbeg's portrait above the entrance to the palace where he stayed in Rome

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as defenders of the castle. This force included 1,000 Venetian infantry under

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convened where Skanderbeg and the pope were present. According to Cardinal

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The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571), Volume II: The Fifteenth Century

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This article is about the second siege of Krujë. For other events, see

1118:, Skanderbeg's main biographer, Skanderbeg had placed 4,400 men under 3314: 1370: 1366: 1362: 1087: 1079: 1051: 1006: 998: 994: 953: 1312:), Skanderbeg commanded 13,400 men to relieve Krujë as reported by 1335: 1232: 1189: 1175: 1157: 967: 873: 869: 299: 2783: 252: 1078:(Shkodër) where he collected men to relieve Krujë. Mehmed's 1164:, probably because of their anti-Ottoman activities during 755:

Mehmed had decided to construct a fortress in what is now

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to recruit men. They would also send four cannons, ten

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Gjergj Kastrioti Skënderbeu: jeta dhe vepra, 1405–1468

940:, his ambassador, in constant correspondence with the 2493:. Bollingen Series 96. Translated from the German by 2694:. Philadelphia: The American Philosophical Society. 3578: 3520: 3477: 3470: 3337: 3196: 3130: 3054: 2938: 2833: 2826: 2709:Shukarova, Aneta (2008), Todor Chepreganov (ed.), 2623:"Rrethimi i dytë dhe i tretë i Krujës (1466–1467)" 226: 2583:Scanderbeg: From Ottoman Captive to Albanian Hero 988:(Vlorë) with an army of 100,000 men although the 1361:. Capello attacked and occupied the islands of 980:(Durrës) had already garrisoned 3,000 men. The 43: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2357: 2344: 2342: 2305: 2303: 2203: 2201: 2164: 2162: 2093: 2091: 2089: 1944: 1942: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1754: 1752: 1691: 1689: 1649: 1647: 1610: 1608: 1568: 1566: 1541: 1539: 1537: 1535: 63:The second siege of Krujë by Jost Amman (1467) 2795: 2755:(in Serbian), Belgrade: Arheološki institut, 2450: 2448: 2242: 2240: 2137: 2135: 1498: 1496: 1435: 1433: 1408: 1406: 1404: 1402: 1369:after which he sailed back and laid siege to 264: 8: 2110: 2108: 2106: 1818: 1816: 1785: 1783: 1781: 1779: 1664: 1662: 1595: 1593: 1066:, a castle awarded to Skanderbeg after his 3565:Ottoman – Albanian nobility 3474: 2830: 2802: 2788: 2780: 2391: 2231: 2044: 1960: 1933: 1893: 1891: 1707: 1680: 1138:In the beginning of July, Skanderbeg sent 271: 257: 249: 40: 3219:Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars 2715:, Skopje: Institute of National History, 1846: 1789: 1090:. The resistance itself was described by 2427: 2367: 2348: 2309: 2270: 2258: 2207: 2180: 2168: 2153: 2097: 2080: 2056: 2020: 2008: 1996: 1972: 1948: 1921: 1909: 1882: 1807: 1758: 1695: 1653: 1638: 1614: 1584: 1572: 1545: 1526: 1502: 1487: 1475: 1451: 1439: 1412: 805: 795: 75:June 1466 – 23 April 1467 3745:Sieges involving the Republic of Venice 2650:George Castroiti Scanderbeg (1405–1468) 2629:, Tirana: Shtëpia Botuese "8 Nëntori", 2585:, London: Centre for Albanian Studies, 2466: 2454: 2294: 2246: 2192: 2141: 2126: 2032: 1984: 1743: 1719: 1626: 1557: 1514: 1463: 1424: 1398: 1130:. Mehmed had marched into Albania with 2627:Pesë mijë vjet fortifikime në Shqipëri 2534:(in Albanian), Tiranë: Botimet Toena, 2415: 2379: 2333: 2282: 2219: 2114: 1834: 1822: 1770: 1668: 1599: 720:took place from 1466 to 1467. Sultan 7: 2652:, International Universities Press, 2439: 2403: 2321: 2068: 1897: 1731: 656:Resistance until the Fall of Shkodra 3740:Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire 902:in 1464 and 1465. In the meantime, 728:led an army into Albania to defeat 2810:Albanians under the Ottoman Empire 2767:from the original on 23 April 2023 2749:Srpsko arheološko društvo (1951), 2609:from the original on 23 April 2023 2548:from the original on 12 April 2023 1340:Map of Southeastern Europe in 1464 25: 2737:from the original on 6 March 2016 2633:from the original on 4 March 2016 2605:, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2599:Institut za balkanistika (1984), 2490:Mehmed the Conqueror and His Time 51:Albanian–Ottoman Wars (1432–1479) 3684: 3683: 2712:History of the Macedonian People 2564:, New York: The Overlook Press, 1172:Construction of Elbasan Fortress 898:system and was sanjakbey of the 225: 218: 57: 3755:Battles of Mehmed the Conqueror 1349:which in modern Albanian means 1268:Alexander, king of the Epirotes 1038:valley and another through the 1859:Srpsko arheološko društvo 1951 280:Medieval Albanian–Ottoman Wars 1: 2915:Massacre of the Albanian Beys 2514:, Venice: Altobello Salkato, 1871:Institut za balkanistika 1984 1021:Ottoman activities in Albania 1071:and that Krujë still stood. 289:Early Ottoman invasions and 18:Second Siege of Krujë (1466) 3226:Declaration of Independence 3771: 3715:1467 in the Ottoman Empire 3710:1466 in the Ottoman Empire 2621:Karaiskaj, Gjerak (1981), 583:Ballaban's fourth Campaign 464:Mehmed II's first Campaign 29: 3725:Battles involving Albania 3679: 2930:Mustafa Pasha's Rebellion 2815: 2528:Frashëri, Kristo (2002), 2510:Franco, Demetrio (1539), 872:, and another one in the 700: 621:Contemporaneous Campaigns 286: 213: 200: 155: 134: 126:Albanian–Venetian victory 67: 56: 48: 3181:1912 – 13 3176:1478 – 79 3156:1477 – 78 3146:1466 – 67 2868:1843 – 44 2863:1432 – 36 1308:(Drisht), and Antivari ( 1246:, in what is now called 1270:. By 7 January 1467, a 239:Location within Albania 3586:Bosnia and Herzegovina 2841:Skanderbeg's rebellion 1341: 1238: 1185: 1062:. They were headed to 973: 813: 803: 704:Wars involving Albania 398:Skanderbeg's Rebellion 156:Commanders and leaders 3750:Warfare by Skanderbeg 2905:Ali Pasha's Rebellion 2900:Albanian–Venetian War 2560:Freely, John (2009), 1339: 1236: 1179: 971: 936:would begin. He kept 933:Ferdinand I of Naples 839:. On 14 August 1464, 809: 799: 770:Ferdinand I of Naples 718:second siege of Krujë 107:41.50750°N 19.79500°E 44:Second siege of Krujë 27:Second siege of Krujë 3275:Partition of Albania 3204:Albanian Renaissance 2920:Mehmed II's campaign 2665:Schmitt, Oliver Jens 1244:Palazzo di San Marco 1068:campaigns to restore 819:had been an Ottoman 776:. Ferdinand and the 732:, the leader of the 324:Bayezid I's Campaign 236:class=notpageimage| 3720:Angelic apparitions 2910:Ballaban's campaign 2851:Macedonian campaign 2671:, Tiranë: K&B, 1154:Archbishop of Ohrid 1124:Baldassare Perducci 833:Alfonso V of Aragon 744:, sanjakbey of the 639:Dukagjini Civil War 532:Macedonian Campaign 175:Baldassare Perducci 103: / 2846:Italian expedition 2686:Setton, Kenneth M. 2285:, pp. 344–345 1999:, pp. 438–439 1924:, pp. 433–434 1837:, pp. 343–344 1683:, pp. 209–210 1342: 1284:Republic of Ragusa 1255:Palazzo Scanderbeg 1239: 1229:Skanderbeg in Rome 1186: 1104:Michael Critobulus 974: 853:Republic of Venice 845:Kingdom of Hungary 814: 804: 778:Republic of Venice 647:Italian Expedition 145:Republic of Venice 112:41.50750; 19.79500 3730:Conflicts in 1466 3697: 3696: 3675: 3674: 3333: 3332: 2722:978-9989-159-24-4 2678:978-3-7917-2229-0 2646:Noli, Fan Stilian 2592:978-1-873928-13-4 2579:Hodgkinson, Harry 2571:978-1-59020-248-7 1276:Francesco Gonzaga 1064:Monte Sant'Angelo 909:Kingdom of Naples 849:Matthias Corvinus 711: 710: 693: 685: 677: 669: 660: 651: 643: 635: 626: 615: 607: 598: 591: 579: 571: 563: 554: 547: 540: 528: 520: 512: 504: 496: 488: 479: 472: 460: 452: 444: 436: 428: 420: 412: 403: 392: 384: 376: 368: 360: 352: 344: 336: 328: 320: 312: 304: 296: 247: 246: 130: 129: 16:(Redirected from 3762: 3687: 3686: 3475: 2858:Albanian revolts 2831: 2804: 2797: 2790: 2781: 2775: 2774: 2772: 2745: 2744: 2742: 2705: 2681: 2660: 2641: 2640: 2638: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2595: 2574: 2556: 2555: 2553: 2524: 2506: 2470: 2464: 2458: 2452: 2443: 2437: 2431: 2425: 2419: 2413: 2407: 2401: 2395: 2389: 2383: 2377: 2371: 2365: 2352: 2346: 2337: 2331: 2325: 2319: 2313: 2307: 2298: 2292: 2286: 2280: 2274: 2268: 2262: 2256: 2250: 2244: 2235: 2229: 2223: 2217: 2211: 2205: 2196: 2190: 2184: 2178: 2172: 2166: 2157: 2151: 2145: 2139: 2130: 2124: 2118: 2112: 2101: 2095: 2084: 2078: 2072: 2066: 2060: 2054: 2048: 2042: 2036: 2030: 2024: 2018: 2012: 2006: 2000: 1994: 1988: 1982: 1976: 1970: 1964: 1958: 1952: 1946: 1937: 1931: 1925: 1919: 1913: 1907: 1901: 1895: 1886: 1880: 1874: 1868: 1862: 1856: 1850: 1844: 1838: 1832: 1826: 1820: 1811: 1805: 1792: 1787: 1774: 1768: 1762: 1756: 1747: 1741: 1735: 1729: 1723: 1717: 1711: 1705: 1699: 1693: 1684: 1678: 1672: 1666: 1657: 1651: 1642: 1636: 1630: 1624: 1618: 1612: 1603: 1597: 1588: 1582: 1576: 1570: 1561: 1555: 1549: 1543: 1530: 1524: 1518: 1512: 1506: 1500: 1491: 1485: 1479: 1473: 1467: 1461: 1455: 1449: 1443: 1437: 1428: 1422: 1416: 1410: 1331:Georgius Alexius 1289:Giosafat Barbaro 1180:The fortress in 982:Scutari Fortress 691: 683: 675: 667: 658: 649: 641: 633: 624: 613: 605: 596: 589: 577: 569: 561: 552: 545: 538: 526: 518: 510: 502: 494: 486: 477: 470: 458: 450: 442: 434: 426: 418: 410: 401: 390: 382: 374: 366: 358: 350: 342: 334: 326: 318: 310: 302: 294: 281: 273: 266: 259: 250: 229: 228: 222: 191: 118: 117: 115: 114: 113: 108: 104: 101: 100: 99: 96: 69: 68: 61: 41: 21: 3770: 3769: 3765: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3760: 3759: 3735:Ottoman Albania 3700: 3699: 3698: 3693: 3671: 3574: 3516: 3466: 3329: 3325:Vithkuqi script 3310:Skanderbeg myth 3284:Principalities 3268:North Macedonia 3192: 3126: 3050: 2934: 2822: 2811: 2808: 2778: 2770: 2768: 2748: 2740: 2738: 2723: 2708: 2702: 2684: 2679: 2663: 2644: 2636: 2634: 2620: 2612: 2610: 2598: 2593: 2577: 2572: 2559: 2551: 2549: 2542: 2527: 2522: 2509: 2485:Babinger, Franz 2483: 2479: 2474: 2473: 2465: 2461: 2453: 2446: 2438: 2434: 2426: 2422: 2414: 2410: 2402: 2398: 2392:Hodgkinson 1999 2390: 2386: 2378: 2374: 2366: 2355: 2347: 2340: 2332: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2308: 2301: 2293: 2289: 2281: 2277: 2269: 2265: 2257: 2253: 2245: 2238: 2232:Hodgkinson 1999 2230: 2226: 2218: 2214: 2206: 2199: 2191: 2187: 2179: 2175: 2167: 2160: 2152: 2148: 2140: 2133: 2125: 2121: 2113: 2104: 2096: 2087: 2079: 2075: 2067: 2063: 2055: 2051: 2045:Hodgkinson 1999 2043: 2039: 2031: 2027: 2019: 2015: 2007: 2003: 1995: 1991: 1983: 1979: 1971: 1967: 1961:Hodgkinson 1999 1959: 1955: 1947: 1940: 1934:Hodgkinson 1999 1932: 1928: 1920: 1916: 1908: 1904: 1896: 1889: 1881: 1877: 1869: 1865: 1857: 1853: 1845: 1841: 1833: 1829: 1821: 1814: 1806: 1795: 1788: 1777: 1769: 1765: 1757: 1750: 1742: 1738: 1730: 1726: 1718: 1714: 1708:Hodgkinson 1999 1706: 1702: 1694: 1687: 1681:Hodgkinson 1999 1679: 1675: 1667: 1660: 1652: 1645: 1637: 1633: 1625: 1621: 1613: 1606: 1598: 1591: 1583: 1579: 1571: 1564: 1556: 1552: 1544: 1533: 1525: 1521: 1513: 1509: 1501: 1494: 1486: 1482: 1474: 1470: 1462: 1458: 1450: 1446: 1438: 1431: 1423: 1419: 1411: 1400: 1395: 1314:Demetrio Franco 1297: 1231: 1194:Sanjak of Dibra 1174: 1132:Ballaban Badera 1112: 1058:, and his son, 1023: 966: 900:Sanjak of Ohrid 892:Ballaban Badera 825:League of Lezhë 794: 746:Sanjak of Ohrid 742:Ballaban Badera 734:League of Lezhë 714: 713: 712: 707: 696: 388:Arianiti Revolt 372:Albanian Revolt 282: 279: 277: 243: 242: 241: 240: 238: 232: 231: 230: 193: 187: 182:Ballaban Badera 176: 174: 170: 166: 143: 141:League of Lezhë 111: 109: 105: 102: 97: 94: 92: 90: 89: 88: 62: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 3768: 3766: 3758: 3757: 3752: 3747: 3742: 3737: 3732: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3702: 3701: 3695: 3694: 3692: 3691: 3680: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3669: 3664: 3659: 3654: 3649: 3648: 3647: 3637: 3636: 3635: 3633:Western Thrace 3630: 3625: 3620: 3610: 3605: 3604: 3603: 3593: 3588: 3582: 3580: 3576: 3575: 3573: 3572: 3567: 3562: 3557: 3552: 3547: 3542: 3537: 3532: 3526: 3524: 3518: 3517: 3515: 3514: 3509: 3504: 3499: 3498: 3497: 3487: 3481: 3479: 3472: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3464: 3463: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3447: 3442: 3434: 3433: 3432: 3427: 3422: 3417: 3412: 3407: 3402: 3397: 3392: 3387: 3379: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3357: 3356: 3355: 3350: 3341: 3339: 3335: 3334: 3331: 3330: 3328: 3327: 3322: 3317: 3312: 3307: 3302: 3301: 3300: 3295: 3290: 3282: 3277: 3272: 3271: 3270: 3265: 3260: 3250: 3245: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3228: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3211: 3206: 3200: 3198: 3194: 3193: 3191: 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1914: 1902: 1887: 1875: 1863: 1851: 1847:Shukarova 2008 1839: 1827: 1812: 1793: 1790:Karaiskaj 1981 1775: 1763: 1748: 1736: 1724: 1712: 1700: 1685: 1673: 1658: 1643: 1631: 1619: 1604: 1589: 1577: 1562: 1550: 1531: 1519: 1507: 1492: 1480: 1468: 1456: 1444: 1429: 1417: 1397: 1396: 1394: 1391: 1387:siege on Krujë 1353:or in English 1296: 1293: 1264:Lekë Dukagjini 1249:Piazza Venezia 1230: 1227: 1210:Franz Babinger 1173: 1170: 1111: 1108: 1036:Shkumbin River 1022: 1019: 965: 962: 950:Albania Veneta 793: 790: 786:siege on Krujë 761:Shkumbin River 726:Ottoman Empire 709: 708: 701: 698: 697: 695: 694: 686: 678: 670: 653: 652: 644: 636: 617: 616: 608: 600: 580: 572: 564: 556: 529: 521: 513: 505: 497: 489: 481: 461: 453: 445: 437: 429: 421: 413: 394: 393: 385: 377: 369: 361: 353: 345: 337: 329: 321: 313: 305: 287: 284: 283: 278: 276: 275: 268: 261: 253: 245: 244: 234: 233: 224: 223: 217: 216: 215: 214: 211: 210: 207: 203: 202: 198: 197: 178: 172:Lekë Dukagjini 158: 157: 153: 152: 150:Ottoman Empire 147: 137: 136: 132: 131: 128: 127: 124: 120: 119: 83: 81: 77: 76: 73: 65: 64: 54: 53: 46: 45: 39: 38: 32:Siege of Krujë 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 3767: 3756: 3753: 3751: 3748: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3738: 3736: 3733: 3731: 3728: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3707: 3705: 3690: 3682: 3681: 3678: 3668: 3665: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3646: 3643: 3642: 3641: 3638: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3619: 3616: 3615: 3614: 3611: 3609: 3606: 3602: 3599: 3598: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3587: 3584: 3583: 3581: 3577: 3571: 3568: 3566: 3563: 3561: 3560:Grand Viziers 3558: 3556: 3553: 3551: 3548: 3546: 3543: 3541: 3538: 3536: 3533: 3531: 3528: 3527: 3525: 3523: 3519: 3513: 3510: 3508: 3505: 3503: 3500: 3496: 3493: 3492: 3491: 3488: 3486: 3483: 3482: 3480: 3476: 3473: 3469: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3446: 3443: 3441: 3438: 3437: 3435: 3431: 3428: 3426: 3423: 3421: 3418: 3416: 3413: 3411: 3408: 3406: 3403: 3401: 3398: 3396: 3393: 3391: 3388: 3386: 3383: 3382: 3380: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3362: 3361: 3358: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3345: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3336: 3326: 3323: 3321: 3318: 3316: 3313: 3311: 3308: 3306: 3303: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3289: 3286: 3285: 3283: 3281: 3278: 3276: 3273: 3269: 3266: 3264: 3261: 3259: 3256: 3255: 3254: 3251: 3249: 3246: 3242: 3239: 3237: 3234: 3233: 3232: 3229: 3227: 3224: 3220: 3217: 3216: 3215: 3212: 3210: 3207: 3205: 3202: 3201: 3199: 3195: 3189: 3186: 3182: 3179: 3177: 3174: 3172: 3169: 3168: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3157: 3154: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3144: 3142: 3139: 3138: 3136: 3135: 3133: 3129: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3059: 3057: 3055:Congregations 3053: 3047: 3044: 3042: 3039: 3037: 3034: 3032: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3019: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3009: 3007: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2997: 2994: 2992: 2989: 2987: 2984: 2982: 2979: 2977: 2974: 2972: 2969: 2967: 2964: 2962: 2959: 2957: 2954: 2952: 2949: 2947: 2944: 2943: 2941: 2937: 2931: 2928: 2926: 2923: 2921: 2918: 2916: 2913: 2911: 2908: 2906: 2903: 2901: 2898: 2894: 2891: 2889: 2886: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2874: 2871: 2869: 2866: 2864: 2861: 2860: 2859: 2856: 2852: 2849: 2847: 2844: 2843: 2842: 2839: 2838: 2836: 2832: 2829: 2825: 2821: 2820: 2814: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2793: 2791: 2786: 2785: 2782: 2766: 2762: 2758: 2754: 2753: 2747: 2736: 2732: 2728: 2724: 2718: 2714: 2713: 2707: 2703: 2701:0-87169-127-2 2697: 2693: 2692: 2687: 2683: 2680: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2647: 2643: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2619: 2608: 2604: 2603: 2597: 2594: 2588: 2584: 2580: 2576: 2573: 2567: 2563: 2558: 2547: 2543: 2541:99927-1-627-4 2537: 2533: 2532: 2526: 2523: 2521:99943-1-042-9 2517: 2513: 2508: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2495:Ralph Manheim 2492: 2491: 2486: 2482: 2481: 2476: 2469:, p. 401 2468: 2463: 2460: 2457:, p. 402 2456: 2451: 2449: 2445: 2442:, p. 335 2441: 2436: 2433: 2430:, p. 457 2429: 2428:Frashëri 2002 2424: 2421: 2418:, p. 112 2417: 2412: 2409: 2406:, p. 334 2405: 2400: 2397: 2394:, p. 217 2393: 2388: 2385: 2382:, p. 346 2381: 2376: 2373: 2370:, p. 456 2369: 2368:Frashëri 2002 2364: 2362: 2360: 2358: 2354: 2351:, p. 455 2350: 2349:Frashëri 2002 2345: 2343: 2339: 2336:, p. 345 2335: 2330: 2327: 2324:, p. 333 2323: 2318: 2315: 2312:, p. 454 2311: 2310:Frashëri 2002 2306: 2304: 2300: 2297:, p. 400 2296: 2291: 2288: 2284: 2279: 2276: 2273:, p. 453 2272: 2271:Frashëri 2002 2267: 2264: 2261:, p. 451 2260: 2259:Frashëri 2002 2255: 2252: 2249:, p. 399 2248: 2243: 2241: 2237: 2234:, p. 216 2233: 2228: 2225: 2222:, p. 344 2221: 2216: 2213: 2210:, p. 450 2209: 2208:Frashëri 2002 2204: 2202: 2198: 2195:, p. 396 2194: 2189: 2186: 2183:, p. 449 2182: 2181:Frashëri 2002 2177: 2174: 2171:, p. 448 2170: 2169:Frashëri 2002 2165: 2163: 2159: 2156:, p. 447 2155: 2154:Frashëri 2002 2150: 2147: 2144:, p. 395 2143: 2138: 2136: 2132: 2129:, p. 382 2128: 2123: 2120: 2117:, p. 111 2116: 2111: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2100:, p. 446 2099: 2098:Frashëri 2002 2094: 2092: 2090: 2086: 2083:, p. 445 2082: 2081:Frashëri 2002 2077: 2074: 2071:, p. 332 2070: 2065: 2062: 2059:, p. 442 2058: 2057:Frashëri 2002 2053: 2050: 2047:, p. 215 2046: 2041: 2038: 2035:, p. 393 2034: 2029: 2026: 2023:, p. 441 2022: 2021:Frashëri 2002 2017: 2014: 2011:, p. 440 2010: 2009:Frashëri 2002 2005: 2002: 1998: 1997:Frashëri 2002 1993: 1990: 1987:, p. 391 1986: 1981: 1978: 1975:, p. 438 1974: 1973:Frashëri 2002 1969: 1966: 1963:, p. 211 1962: 1957: 1954: 1951:, p. 437 1950: 1949:Frashëri 2002 1945: 1943: 1939: 1936:, p. 212 1935: 1930: 1927: 1923: 1922:Frashëri 2002 1918: 1915: 1912:, p. 433 1911: 1910:Frashëri 2002 1906: 1903: 1900:, p. 331 1899: 1894: 1892: 1888: 1885:, p. 253 1884: 1883:Babinger 1978 1879: 1876: 1872: 1867: 1864: 1861:, p. 181 1860: 1855: 1852: 1849:, p. 133 1848: 1843: 1840: 1836: 1831: 1828: 1825:, p. 279 1824: 1819: 1817: 1813: 1810:, p. 431 1809: 1808:Frashëri 2002 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1786: 1784: 1782: 1780: 1776: 1773:, p. 343 1772: 1767: 1764: 1761:, p. 430 1760: 1759:Frashëri 2002 1755: 1753: 1749: 1746:, p. 372 1745: 1740: 1737: 1734:, p. 330 1733: 1728: 1725: 1722:, p. 380 1721: 1716: 1713: 1710:, p. 210 1709: 1704: 1701: 1698:, p. 429 1697: 1696:Frashëri 2002 1692: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1677: 1674: 1671:, p. 109 1670: 1665: 1663: 1659: 1656:, p. 428 1655: 1654:Frashëri 2002 1650: 1648: 1644: 1641:, p. 427 1640: 1639:Frashëri 2002 1635: 1632: 1629:, p. 374 1628: 1623: 1620: 1617:, p. 426 1616: 1615:Frashëri 2002 1611: 1609: 1605: 1602:, p. 110 1601: 1596: 1594: 1590: 1587:, p. 425 1586: 1585:Frashëri 2002 1581: 1578: 1575:, p. 424 1574: 1573:Frashëri 2002 1569: 1567: 1563: 1560:, p. 365 1559: 1554: 1551: 1548:, p. 423 1547: 1546:Frashëri 2002 1542: 1540: 1538: 1536: 1532: 1529:, p. 422 1528: 1527:Frashëri 2002 1523: 1520: 1517:, p. 361 1516: 1511: 1508: 1505:, p. 421 1504: 1503:Frashëri 2002 1499: 1497: 1493: 1490:, p. 420 1489: 1488:Frashëri 2002 1484: 1481: 1478:, p. 419 1477: 1476:Frashëri 2002 1472: 1469: 1466:, p. 359 1465: 1460: 1457: 1454:, p. 418 1453: 1452:Frashëri 2002 1448: 1445: 1442:, p. 417 1441: 1440:Frashëri 2002 1436: 1434: 1430: 1427:, p. 363 1426: 1421: 1418: 1415:, p. 252 1414: 1413:Babinger 1978 1409: 1407: 1405: 1403: 1399: 1392: 1390: 1388: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1338: 1334: 1332: 1327: 1321: 1319: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1295:Final battles 1294: 1292: 1290: 1285: 1279: 1277: 1273: 1269: 1265: 1259: 1257: 1256: 1251: 1250: 1245: 1235: 1228: 1226: 1223: 1219: 1214: 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1183: 1178: 1171: 1169: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1136: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1120:Tanush Thopia 1117: 1116:Marin Barleti 1109: 1107: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1084:Idris Bitlisi 1081: 1077: 1072: 1069: 1065: 1061: 1057: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1041: 1037: 1033: 1029: 1020: 1018: 1016: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1000: 996: 991: 987: 983: 979: 970: 963: 961: 959: 955: 951: 947: 946:provveditores 943: 939: 934: 930: 926: 922: 918: 913: 910: 905: 901: 897: 893: 888: 884: 883: 877: 875: 871: 867: 863: 858: 854: 850: 846: 842: 838: 834: 830: 826: 822: 818: 812: 808: 802: 798: 791: 789: 787: 781: 779: 775: 771: 767: 762: 758: 753: 751: 747: 743: 739: 735: 731: 727: 723: 719: 706: 705: 699: 690: 687: 682: 679: 674: 671: 666: 663: 662: 661: 657: 648: 645: 640: 637: 632: 629: 628: 627: 623: 622: 612: 609: 604: 601: 595: 588: 584: 581: 576: 573: 568: 565: 560: 557: 551: 544: 537: 533: 530: 525: 522: 517: 514: 509: 506: 501: 498: 493: 490: 485: 482: 476: 469: 465: 462: 457: 454: 449: 446: 441: 438: 433: 430: 425: 422: 417: 414: 409: 406: 405: 404: 400: 399: 389: 386: 381: 380:Muzaka Revolt 378: 373: 370: 365: 364:Kastrioti War 362: 357: 354: 349: 346: 341: 338: 333: 330: 325: 322: 317: 314: 309: 306: 301: 298: 297: 293: 292: 285: 274: 269: 267: 262: 260: 255: 254: 251: 237: 221: 212: 208: 205: 204: 199: 196: 192: 190: 184: 183: 179: 177:Nicolo Moneta 173: 169: 168:Tanush Thopia 165: 164: 160: 159: 154: 151: 148: 146: 142: 139: 138: 133: 125: 122: 121: 116: 86: 82: 79: 78: 74: 71: 70: 66: 60: 55: 52: 47: 42: 37: 33: 19: 3555:20th century 3550:19th century 3545:18th century 3540:17th century 3535:16th century 3530:15th century 3490:Islamization 3248:Mësonjëtorja 3236:Bashi-Bazouk 3197:Other events 3145: 2925:Morea revolt 2817: 2769:, retrieved 2751: 2741:11 September 2739:, retrieved 2711: 2690: 2668: 2649: 2635:, retrieved 2626: 2611:, retrieved 2601: 2582: 2561: 2550:, retrieved 2530: 2511: 2489: 2467:Schmitt 2009 2462: 2455:Schmitt 2009 2435: 2423: 2411: 2399: 2387: 2375: 2329: 2317: 2295:Schmitt 2009 2290: 2278: 2266: 2254: 2247:Schmitt 2009 2227: 2215: 2193:Schmitt 2009 2188: 2176: 2149: 2142:Schmitt 2009 2127:Schmitt 2009 2122: 2076: 2064: 2052: 2040: 2033:Schmitt 2009 2028: 2016: 2004: 1992: 1985:Schmitt 2009 1980: 1968: 1956: 1929: 1917: 1905: 1878: 1873:, p. 71 1866: 1854: 1842: 1830: 1766: 1744:Schmitt 2009 1739: 1727: 1720:Schmitt 2009 1715: 1703: 1676: 1634: 1627:Schmitt 2009 1622: 1580: 1558:Schmitt 2009 1553: 1522: 1515:Schmitt 2009 1510: 1483: 1471: 1464:Schmitt 2009 1459: 1447: 1425:Schmitt 2009 1420: 1381: 1379: 1354: 1350: 1346: 1343: 1330: 1322: 1298: 1280: 1267: 1260: 1253: 1247: 1240: 1215: 1205: 1197: 1187: 1140:Pal Engjëlli 1137: 1113: 1095: 1073: 1045: 1024: 975: 938:Pal Engjëlli 925:Vaikal again 914: 904:Pope Paul II 880: 878: 841:Pope Pius II 837:Papal States 815: 782: 766:Pope Paul II 754: 717: 715: 702: 655: 654: 631:Venetian War 620: 619: 618: 602: 396: 395: 340:Zenevisi War 288: 188: 180: 161: 135:Belligerents 36: 3579:Communities 3253:Nationalism 3214:Balkan Wars 3102:Manastir II 2416:Freely 2009 2380:Franco 1539 2334:Franco 1539 2283:Franco 1539 2220:Franco 1539 2115:Freely 2009 1835:Franco 1539 1823:Setton 1978 1771:Franco 1539 1669:Freely 2009 1600:Freely 2009 1222:Via Egnatia 1128:first siege 882:condottiero 774:Roman Curia 659:(1468–1479) 625:(1447–1462) 402:(1443–1468) 295:(1385–1443) 110: / 3704:Categories 3495:Bektashism 3305:Rum Millet 3097:Manastir I 2819:Background 2669:Skënderbeu 1393:References 1272:consistory 1218:Bayezid II 1166:Skanderbeg 1092:Tursun Bey 1040:Black Drin 1007:Negroponte 958:springalds 817:Skanderbeg 801:Skanderbeg 792:Background 730:Skanderbeg 356:Muzaka War 206:13,400 men 163:Skanderbeg 98:19°47′42″E 95:41°30′27″N 3645:Arbëreshë 3628:Souliotes 3618:Arvanites 3436:Vilayets 3360:Pashaliks 3338:Geography 3320:Stratioti 3293:Kastrioti 3288:Dukagjini 3241:Devshirme 3231:Janissary 3209:Armatoles 3188:Svetigrad 3016:Oranik II 2976:Martinići 2834:Rebellion 2731:276645834 2503:164968842 2440:Noli 1947 2404:Noli 1947 2322:Noli 1947 2069:Noli 1947 1898:Noli 1947 1732:Noli 1947 1355:Upon them 1326:Mat River 1318:patrician 1184:, Albania 1011:Wallachia 868:, one in 857:Mehmed II 855:. Sultan 821:sanjakbey 811:Mehmed II 722:Mehmed II 692:(1478–79) 684:(1477–78) 668:(1473–79) 650:(1460–62) 642:(1456–57) 634:(1447–48) 606:(1466–67) 440:Svetigrad 408:Svetigrad 383:(1437–38) 375:(1432–36) 367:(1428–30) 359:(1415–17) 343:(1414–18) 195:Mehmed II 87:, Albania 3689:Category 3601:Arbanasi 3591:Bulgaria 3507:Nobility 3455:Manastir 3420:Monastir 3415:Ioannina 3381:Sanjaks 3348:Ioannina 3344:Eyalets 3167:Shkodër 3072:Dukagjin 3036:Torvioll 3011:Oranik I 2991:Mokra II 2946:Albulena 2765:archived 2752:Starinar 2735:archived 2688:(1978). 2667:(2009), 2648:(1947), 2631:archived 2607:archived 2581:(1999), 2546:archived 2487:(1978). 1375:Ömer Bey 1162:Istanbul 1147:and the 1145:Dalmatia 1048:Monopoli 1028:Murad II 1003:Dalmatia 990:Ragusans 964:Campaign 942:Signoria 896:devşirme 887:defeated 851:and the 835:and the 750:devşirme 508:Albulena 416:Torvioll 201:Strength 80:Location 49:Part of 3667:Ukraine 3652:Romania 3596:Croatia 3478:Culture 3471:Society 3460:Scutari 3440:Albania 3430:Scutari 3405:Elbasan 3395:Delvina 3385:Albania 3370:Scutari 3353:Rumelia 3258:Albania 3122:Prizren 3117:Preveza 3082:Frashër 3077:Elbasan 3021:Otonetë 3001:Novšiće 2986:Mokra I 2939:Battles 2827:History 2761:1586392 2477:Sources 1347:Embetha 1306:Drivast 1202:Elbasan 1198:Ilbasan 1182:Elbasan 1076:Scutari 1015:Karaman 986:Avlonya 978:Durazzo 929:Kashari 827:. From 757:Elbasan 724:of the 689:Shkodra 673:Shkodra 594:Kashari 468:Modrica 432:Otonetë 189:† 3662:Turkey 3613:Greece 3570:Pashas 3522:People 3512:Tribes 3450:Kosovo 3445:Janina 3410:Görice 3390:Avlona 3375:Yanina 3315:Spahiu 3298:Muzaka 3280:Piracy 3263:Kosovo 3137:Krujë 3131:Sieges 3046:Vaikal 3041:Ulcinj 2996:Murino 2966:Lopate 2961:Kosovo 2951:Ankara 2771:16 May 2759: 2729: 2719: 2698: 2675: 2658:732882 2656: 2637:5 July 2613:16 May 2589: 2568: 2552:16 May 2538: 2518: 2501: 1371:Patras 1367:Lemnos 1363:Imbros 1359:Aegean 1351:Mbë ta 1149:Aegean 1102:each. 1088:Ancona 1080:akıncı 1056:Donika 1052:Apulia 999:Serbia 995:Bosnia 954:ducats 952:3,000 927:, and 917:Vaikal 866:Bosnia 847:under 676:(1474) 665:Himarë 614:(1467) 597:(1465) 590:(1465) 587:Vajkal 578:(1465) 570:(1465) 567:Vajkal 562:(1464) 553:(1462) 546:(1462) 543:Pollog 539:(1462) 527:(1462) 519:(1459) 511:(1457) 503:(1456) 500:Oranik 495:(1455) 487:(1453) 484:Pollog 478:(1452) 471:(1452) 459:(1450) 451:(1448) 448:Oranik 443:(1448) 435:(1446) 427:(1445) 419:(1444) 411:(1443) 391:(1443) 351:(1415) 335:(1395) 327:(1394) 319:(1389) 316:Kosovo 311:(1385) 303:(1375) 209:30,000 185: 123:Result 3657:Syria 3640:Italy 3608:Egypt 3502:Kanun 3425:Ohrid 3400:Dibra 3365:Berat 3163:Berat 3092:Lezhë 3067:Dibra 3062:Dibër 3031:Savra 3026:Polog 3006:Ohrid 2981:Meçad 2956:Deçiq 1302:Lezhë 1206:Jundi 1190:timar 1158:Ohrid 1110:Siege 1096:kulle 1032:Krujë 921:Meçad 874:Morea 870:Ohrid 862:Jajce 829:Krujë 738:Krujë 681:Krujë 611:Krujë 603:Krujë 575:Meçad 559:Ohrid 550:Livad 536:Mokra 524:Mokra 492:Berat 475:Meçad 456:Krujë 424:Mokra 348:Krujë 332:Ohrid 308:Savra 300:Ohrid 85:Krujë 3623:Cham 3485:Besa 3171:1474 3151:1467 3141:1450 3112:Peja 3087:Kuçi 2971:Lumë 2893:1912 2888:1911 2883:1910 2878:1847 2873:1845 2773:2016 2757:OCLC 2743:2017 2727:OCLC 2717:ISBN 2696:ISBN 2673:ISBN 2654:OCLC 2639:2011 2615:2016 2587:ISBN 2566:ISBN 2554:2016 2536:ISBN 2516:ISBN 2499:OCLC 1365:and 1100:akçe 1060:Gjon 768:and 716:The 516:Sati 291:rule 72:Date 3107:Mat 1333:). 1310:Bar 1160:to 1050:in 948:in 864:in 3706:: 2763:, 2733:, 2725:, 2625:, 2544:, 2447:^ 2356:^ 2341:^ 2302:^ 2239:^ 2200:^ 2161:^ 2134:^ 2105:^ 2088:^ 1941:^ 1890:^ 1815:^ 1796:^ 1778:^ 1751:^ 1688:^ 1661:^ 1646:^ 1607:^ 1592:^ 1565:^ 1534:^ 1495:^ 1432:^ 1401:^ 1389:. 1373:. 1320:. 1013:, 1005:, 1001:, 997:, 923:, 919:, 876:. 788:. 592:• 548:• 541:• 473:• 2803:e 2796:t 2789:v 2704:. 2505:. 1200:( 599:) 585:( 555:) 534:( 480:) 466:( 272:e 265:t 258:v 34:. 20:)

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Knowledge

Siege of Krujë (1466–1467)

Index