869:, even as most of those who employed such arguments were deeply troubled by his absolutist conclusions. Locke's state of nature can be seen in light of this tradition. There is not and never has been any divinely ordained monarch over the entire world, Locke argues. However, the fact that the natural state of humanity is without an institutionalized government does not mean it is lawless. Human beings are still subject to the laws of God and nature. In contrast to Hobbes, who posited the state of nature as a hypothetical possibility, Locke takes great pains to show that such a state did indeed exist. Actually, it still exists in the area of international relations where there is not and is never likely to be any legitimate overarching government (i.e., one directly chosen by all the people subject to it). Whereas Hobbes stresses the disadvantages of the state of nature, Locke points to its good points. It is free, if full of continual dangers (2nd Tr., § 123). Finally, the proper alternative to the natural state is not political dictatorship/tyranny but a government that has been established with consent of the people and the effective protection of basic human rights to life, liberty, and property under the rule of law.
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and so could not have granted that power to their governors: the aggressor therefore was not acting as their representative, and they cannot be punished for his actions. And while the conqueror may seize the person of the vanquished aggressor in an unjust war, he cannot seize the latter's property: he may not drive the innocent wife and children of a villain into poverty for another's unjust acts. While the property is technically that of the defeated, his innocent dependents have a claim that the just conqueror must honour. He cannot seize more than the vanquished could forfeit, and the latter had no right to ruin his dependents. (He may, however, demand and take reparations for the damages suffered in the war, so long as these leave enough in the possession of the aggressor's dependants for their survival).
881:
To which it is obvious to answer, that though in the state of nature he hath such a right, yet the enjoyment of it is very uncertain, and constantly exposed to the invasion of others: for all being kings as much as he, every man his equal, and the greater part no strict observers of equity and justice, the enjoyment of the property he has in this state is very unsafe, very unsecure. This makes him willing to quit a condition, which, however free, is full of fears and continual dangers: and it is not without reason, that he seeks out, and is willing to join in society with others, who are already united, or have a mind to unite, for the mutual preservation of their lives, liberties and estates, which I call by the general name, property. (2nd Tr., § 123)
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labour would be to make him a slave. One can therefore take items from the common store of goods by mixing one's labour with them: an apple on the tree is of no use to anyone—it must be picked to be eaten—and the picking of that apple makes it one's own. In an alternate argument, Locke claims that we must allow it to become private property lest all mankind have starved, despite the bounty of the world. A man must be allowed to eat, and thus have what he has eaten be his own (such that he could deny others a right to use it). The apple is surely his when he swallows it, when he chews it, when he bites into it, when he brings it to his mouth, etc.: it became his as soon as he mixed his labour with it (by picking it from the tree).
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not have to ask permission to act or depend on the will of others to arrange matters on their behalf. The natural state is also one of equality in which all power and jurisdiction is reciprocal and no one has more than another. It is evident that all human beings—as creatures belonging to the same species and rank and born indiscriminately with all the same natural advantages and faculties—are equal amongst themselves. They have no relationship of subordination or subjection unless God (the lord and master of them all) had clearly set one person above another and conferred on him an undoubted right to dominion and sovereignty.
570:, one of the foremost Locke scholars, has suggested that Locke held the printers to a higher "standard of perfection" than the technology of the time would permit. Be that as it may, the first edition was indeed replete with errors. The second edition was even worse, in addition to being printed on cheap paper and sold to the poor. The third edition was much improved, but still deemed unsatisfactory by Locke. He manually corrected the third edition by hand and entrusted the publication of the fourth to his friends, as he died before it could be brought out.
40:
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to govern it, which obliges every one: and reason, which is that law, teaches all mankind, who will but consult it, that... no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions" (2nd Tr., § 6). The specifics of this law are unwritten, however, and so each is likely to misapply it in his own case. Lacking any commonly recognised, impartial judge, there is no way to correct these misapplications or to effectively restrain those who violate the law of nature.
977:. Second, he removes much of the incentive for conquest in the first place, for even in a just war the spoils are limited to the persons of the defeated and reparations sufficient only to cover the costs of the war, and even then only when the aggressor's territory can easily sustain such costs (i.e., it can never be a profitable endeavour). Needless to say, the bare claim that one's spoils are the just compensation for a just war does not suffice to make it so, in Locke's view.
1014:, he wrote that the magistrate's power was limited to preserving a person's "civil interest", which he described as "life, liberty, health, and indolency of body; and the possession of outward things". By saying that political society was established for the better protection of property, he claims that it serves the private (and non-political) interests of its constituent members: it does not promote some good that can be realised only in community with others (e.g. virtue).
785:) will eventually be the downfall of all governments. In his final chapter he asks, "Who heir?" If Filmer is correct, there should be only one rightful king in all the world—the heir of Adam. But since it is impossible to discover the true heir of Adam, no government, under Filmer's principles, can require that its members obey its rulers. Filmer must therefore say that men are duty-bound to obey their present rulers. Locke writes:
722:. Locke's argument proceeds along two lines: first, he undercuts the Scriptural support that Filmer had offered for his thesis, and second he argues that the acceptance of Filmer's thesis can lead only to slavery (and absurdity). Locke chose Filmer as his target, he says, because of his reputation and because he "carried this Argument farthest, and is supposed to have brought it to perfection" (1st Tr., § 5).
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470:. Some dispute the extent to which the Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina portray Locke's own philosophy, vs. that of the Lord proprietors of the colony; the document was a legal document written for and signed and sealed by the eight Lord proprietors to whom Charles II had granted the colony. In this context, Locke was only a paid secretary, writing it much as a lawyer writes a will.
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1418:, Tully describes Locke's view of man as a social dependent, with Christian sensibilities, and a God-given duty to care for others. Property, in Tully's explanation of Locke, belong to the community as the public commons but becomes "private" so long as the property owner, or more correctly the "custodian", serves the community.
1073:, sec. 132). Locke uses the term Common-wealth to mean "not a democracy, or any form of government, but any independent community" (sec. 133) and "whatever form the Common-wealth is under, the Ruling Power ought to govern by declared and received laws, and not by extemporary dictates and undetermined resolutions." (sec 137)
1391:. The motivation in both cases is self-preservation with Hobbes arguing the need of an absolute monarch to prevent the war of "all against all" inherent in anarchy while Locke argues that the protection of life, liberty, and property can be achieved by a parliamentary process that protects, not violates, one's rights.
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industry, i.e. "fruits of one’s labor", are secure. Locke's prohibition of ill-gotten gains, whether for well-connected gentry or the profligate, is not a lack of Locke's foresight to the problems in the latter stages of liberalism but an application of equal protection of the law to every individual.
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believes Tully is reading into Locke rights and duties that just aren’t there. Huyler finds that Locke explicitly condemned government privileges for rich, contrary to
Macpherson's pro-capitalism critique, but also rejected subsidies to aid the poor, in contrast to Tully's social justice apologetics.
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In providing a justification for slavery, he has rendered all forms of slavery as it actually exists invalid. Moreover, as one may not submit to slavery, there is a moral injunction to attempt to throw off and escape it whenever it looms. Most scholars take this to be Locke's point regarding slavery:
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In the rhetoric of 17th-century
England, those who opposed the increasing power of the kings claimed that the country was headed for a condition of slavery. Locke therefore asks, facetiously, under what conditions such slavery might be justified. He notes that slavery cannot come about as a matter of
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to describe Locke's view of human nature, Huyler emphases the "virtue of industriousness" of Locke's
Protestant England. Productive work is man's earthly function or calling, ordained by God and required by self-preservation. The government's protection of property rights insures that the results of
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The argument proceeds negatively: Locke proposes one power a conqueror could gain, and then demonstrates how in point of fact that power cannot be claimed. He gains no authority over those that conquered with him, for they did not wage war unjustly: thus, whatever other right
William may have had
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Locke first argues that, clearly, aggressors in an unjust war can claim no right of conquest: everything they despoil may be retaken as soon as the dispossessed have the strength to do so. Their children retain this right, so an ancient usurpation does not become lawful with time. The rest of the
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contract (which became the basis of Locke's political system). To be a slave is to be subject to the absolute, arbitrary power of another; as men do not have this power even over themselves, they cannot sell or otherwise grant it to another. One that is deserving of death, i.e., who has violated the
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IF man in the state of nature be so free, as has been said; if he be absolute lord of his own person and possessions, equal to the greatest, and subject to no body, why will he part with his freedom? Why will he give up this empire, and subject himself to the dominion and control of any other power?
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Nobody in the natural state has the political power to tell others what to do. However, everybody has the right to authoritatively pronounce justice and administer punishment for breaches of the natural law. Thus, men are not free to do whatever they please. "The state of nature has a law of nature
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To properly understand political power and trace its origins, we must consider the state that all people are in naturally. That is a state of perfect freedom of acting and disposing of their own possessions and persons as they think fit within the bounds of the law of nature. People in this state do
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by right of conquest. The subdued are under the conqueror's despotical authority, but only those who actually took part in the fighting. Those who were governed by the defeated aggressor do not become subject to the authority of the victorious aggressor. They lacked the power to do an unjust thing,
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in his role as father possessed unlimited power over his children and this authority passed down through the generations. Locke attacks this on several grounds. Accepting that fatherhood grants authority, he argues, it would do so only by the act of begetting, and so cannot be transmitted to one's
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all invoked
Lockean ideals. But at the same time, as Goldie describes it, "a wind of doubt about Locke's credentials gathered into a storm. The sense that Locke's philosophy had been misappropriated increasingly turned to a conviction that it was erroneous". By the 1790s Locke was associated with
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Locke does, however, make a distinction between an executive (e.g. a monarchy), a "Power always in being" (sec 144) that must perpetually execute the law, and the legislative that is the "supreme power of the Common-wealth" (sec 134) and does not have to be always in being. (sec 153) Furthermore,
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He begins by asserting that each individual, at a minimum, "owns" himself, although, properly speaking, God created man and we are God's property; this is a corollary of each individual's being free and equal in the state of nature. As a result, each must also own his own labour: to deny him his
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Gold does not rot. Neither does silver, or any other precious metal or gem. They are, moreover, useless, their aesthetic value not entering into the equation. One can heap up as much of them as one wishes, or take them in trade for food. By the tacit consent of mankind, they become a form of
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forbids reducing one's fellows to a state of desperation, if one possesses a sufficient surplus to maintain oneself securely. And even if this charity were not commanded by reason, Locke continues, such a strategy for gaining dominion would prove only that the foundation of government lies in
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1139:, or to reduce them to Slavery under Arbitrary Power, they put themselves into a state of War with the People, who are thereupon absolved from any farther Obedience, and are left to the common Refuge, which God hath provided for all Men, against Force and Violence. Whensoever therefore the
1457:
Jerome Huyler and
Michael P. Zuckert approach Locke in the broader context of his oeuvre and historical influence. Locke is situated within changing religious, philosophical, scientific, and political dimensions of 17th century England. Objecting to the use of the contemporary concept of
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Bacon, Locke and Newton, whose pictures I will trouble you to have copied for me: and as I consider them as the three greatest men that have ever lived, without any exception, and as having laid the foundation of those superstructures which have been raised in the
Physical & Moral
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had said that, if there even were a state of nature (which he denied), everything would be held in common: there could be no private property, and hence no justice or injustice (injustice being understood as treating someone else's goods, liberty, or life as if it were one's own).
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money (one accepts gold in exchange for apples with the understanding that someone else will accept that gold in exchange for wheat). One can therefore avoid the spoilage limitation by selling all that one has amassed before it rots; the limits on acquisition thus disappear.
678:, and appeals to god's creative intent in his case for human equality in this primordial context. From this, he goes on to explain the hypothetical rise of property and civilization, in the process explaining that the only legitimate governments are those that have the
533:
were written before the
Revolution, objected that Shaftesbury's party did not advocate revolution during the Exclusion Crisis. He suggests that they are instead better associated with the revolutionary conspiracies that swirled around what would come to be known as the
561:
was first published anonymously in
December 1689 (following printing conventions of the time, its title page was marked 1690). Locke was dissatisfied with the numerous errors and complained to the publisher. For the rest of his life, he was intent on republishing the
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an individual is allowed to take from the common store of nature. There is a necessity to do so to eat, but this does not yet establish why others must respect one's property, especially as they labour under the like necessity. Locke assures his readers that the
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by examining the history told in the Bible and the history of the world since then; he concludes that there is no evidence to support Filmer's hypothesis. According to Locke, no king has ever claimed that his authority rested upon his being the heir of Adam. It is
1349:, on the other hand, maintains that it was neither the Lockean tradition nor the classical republican tradition that drove the revolution, but instead Scottish moral philosophy, a political philosophy that based its conception of society on friendship,
936:
was therefore a topic rife with constitutional connotations. Locke does not say that all subsequent
English monarchs have been illegitimate, but he does make their rightful authority dependent solely upon their having acquired the people's approbation.
643:. typically shortened to "Book I" and "Book II" respectively. Before publication, however, Locke gave it greater prominence by (hastily) inserting a separate title page: "An Essay Concerning the True Original, Extent and End of Civil Government." The
1401:
stress the continuity of thought. In their view Locke and Hobbes describe an atomistic man largely driven by a hedonistic materialistic acquisitiveness. Strauss' Locke is little more than Hobbes in "sheep’s clothing". C. B. Macpherson argued in his
1406:
that Locke sets the stage for unlimited acquisition and appropriation of property by the powerful creating gross inequality. Government is the protector of interests of capitalists while the "labouring class not considered to have an interest".
1316:
I consider them as the three greatest men that have ever lived, without any exception, and as having laid the foundation of those superstructures which have been raised in the Physical & Moral sciences". The colonists frequently cited
584:, has been irretrievably lost. Peter Laslett maintains that, while Locke may have added or altered some portions in 1689, he did not make any revisions to accommodate for the missing section; he argues, for example, that the end of the
953:
In so arguing, Locke accomplishes two objectives. First, he neutralises the claims of those who see all authority flowing from William I by the latter's right of conquest. In the absence of any other claims to authority (e.g.,
407:
Two Treatises of Government: In the Former, The False Principles, and Foundation of Sir Robert Filmer, and His Followers, Are Detected and Overthrown. The Letter Is an Essay Concerning The True Original, Extent, and End of Civil
1345:, who argued that the revolution was not a struggle over property, taxation, and rights, but rather "a Machiavellian effort to preserve the young republic's 'virtue' from the corrupt and corrupting forces of English politics."
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Two Treatises of Government: In The Former the False Principles and Foundation of Sir Robert Filmer and His Followers, are Detected and Overthrown. The Latter is An Essay Concerning the True Original Extent and End of Civil
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children because only God can create life. Nor is the power of a father over his children absolute, as Filmer would have it; Locke points to the joint power parents share over their children referred to in the Bible. In the
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and endorsed the ideology of patriarchalism. Not only did patriarchalism continue to be a legitimate political theory in the 18th century, but as J. G. A. Pocock and others have gone to great lengths to demonstrate, so was
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had very little effect on British political theory; he maintains that there was no contractarian revolution. Rather, he sees these other long-standing traditions as far more important for 18th-century British politics.
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have countered, demonstrating numerous elements in the thought of more influential founders that have a Lockean pedigree. They argue that there is no conflict between Lockean thought and classical Republicanism.
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would become well known in the second half of the 18th century, they were somewhat neglected when published. Between 1689 and 1694, around 200 tracts and treatises were published concerning the legitimacy of the
538:. Locke, Shaftesbury and many others were forced into exile; some, such as Sidney, were even executed for treason. Locke knew his work was dangerous—he never acknowledged his authorship within his lifetime.
1124:, to replace the government with one that served the interests of citizens. In some cases, Locke deemed revolution an obligation. The right of revolution thus essentially acted as a safeguard against
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were exposed to it. The only American edition from the 18th century was printed in 1773 in Boston; it, too, left out all of these sections. There were no other American editions until the 20th century.
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In the middle of the 18th century, Locke's position as a political philosopher suddenly rose in prominence. For example, he was invoked by those arguing on behalf of the American colonies during the
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is a state of plenty: one may take from communal store if one leaves a) enough and b) as good for others, and since nature is bountiful, one can take all that one can use without taking anything
765:). But, even if it were not, he argues, God's grant to Adam covered only the land and brute animals, not human beings. Nor could Adam, or his heir, leverage this grant to enslave mankind, for the
1021:: the state cannot be the sole origin of property, declaring what belongs to whom. If the purpose of government is the protection of property, the latter must exist independently of the former.
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someone else. Moreover, one can take only so much as one can use before it spoils. There are then two provisos regarding what one can take, the "enough and as good" condition and "spoilage."
513:
suggests that the bulk of the writing was instead completed between 1679–1680 (and subsequently revised until Locke was driven into exile in 1683). According to Laslett, Locke was writing his
1206:
did not become popular until the 1760s, ideas from them did start to become important earlier in the century. According to Goldie, "the crucial moment was 1701" and "the occasion was the
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governments are charged by the consent of the individual, "i.e. the consent of the majority, giving it either by themselves, or their representatives chosen by them." (sec 140)
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I think he is the first Politician, who, pretending to settle Government upon its true Basis, and to establish the Thrones of lawful Princes, ever told the World, That he was
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context of his times. But they also restrict his importance to those times. Ashcraft's Locke takes the side of the burgeoning merchant class against the aristocracy.
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arguing that the treatise "ignored the existing inequalities in property. And how could people truly have equal rights, with stark differences in wealth"? and others
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His notions of people's rights and the role of civil government provided strong support for the intellectual movements of both the American and French Revolutions.
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Locke did not demand a republic. Rather, Locke felt that a legitimate contract could easily exist between citizens and a monarchy, an oligarchy or some mixed form (
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913:, may be enslaved. This is, however, but the state of war continued (2nd Tr., § 24), and even one justly a slave therefore has no obligation to obedience.
1155:, the People had put into their hands, for quite contrary ends, and it devolves to the People, who have a Right to resume their original Liberty". (sec. 222)
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Jefferson called Bacon, Newton, and Locke, who had so indelibly shaped his ideas, "my trinity of the three greatest men the world had ever produced"
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is prefaced with Locke announcing what he aims to achieve, also mentioning that more than half of his original draft, occupying a space between the
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was a monolithic and unavoidable presence for political writers in Restoration England in a way that in the first half of the eighteenth the
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Locke's influence during the American Revolutionary period is disputed. While it is easy to point to specific instances of Locke's
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had argued the same thing. Locke therefore provides an account of how material property could arise in the absence of government.
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1061:. Property could therefore predate the existence of government, and thus society can be dedicated to the protection of property.
462:, written in 1660, Locke defends a very conservative position; however, Locke never published it. In 1669, Locke co-authored the
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that leads to the socialist critique that those not engaging in physical labor exploit wage earners. Huyler, relying on Locke's
1334:, writing at the beginning of the 20th century, took it for granted that Locke was the political philosopher of the revolution.
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is to say, that Regal and Supreme Power is properly and truly his, who can by any Means seize upon it; and if this be, to be
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1210:." The pamphlet war that ensued was one of the first times Locke's ideas were invoked in a public debate, most notably by
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over all the world. To this, Locke responds that the world was originally held in common (a theme that will return in the
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Ch. 4 ("Of Slavery") and Ch. 16 ("Of Conquest") are sources of some confusion: the former provides a justification for
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that can nonetheless never be met, and thus constitutes an argument against the institution, the latter concerns the
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requires. It also covers conquest and slavery, property, representative government, and the right of revolution.
818:, Locke alleges, who is the innovator in politics, not those who assert the natural equality and freedom of man.
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Armitage, D. (2004). John Locke, Carolina, and the two treatises of government. Political Theory, 32(5), 602–27.
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611:). It was in this form that Locke's work was reprinted during the 18th century in France and in this form that
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The Political Thought of John Locke:An Historical Account of the Argument of the 'Two Treatises of Government'
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Locke returns to a discussion of parental power. (Both of these discussions have drawn the interest of modern
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and ridiculing them as senseless, until concluding that no government can be justified by an appeal to the
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shows that reason is the most fundamental virtue, underwrites all productive virtue, and leads to human
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as well as for the perceived secularisation of society. By 1815, Locke's portrait was taken down from
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shall transgress this fundamental Rule of Society; and either by Ambition, Fear, Folly or Corruption,
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properly a King, whose Manner of Government was by Supreme Power, by what Means soever he obtained it
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being invoked, the extent of the acceptance of Locke's ideals and the role they played in the
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In this way, Locke argues that a full economic system could, in principle, exist within the
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Laslett, Peter (1956). "The English Revolution and Locke's 'Two Treatises of Government'".
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4989:
4984:
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4929:
4914:
4889:
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4809:
4786:
4771:
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4741:
4612:
4567:
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4542:
4364:
4359:
4216:
4211:
4191:
4179:
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3398:
3388:
3364:
3301:
3167:
3123:
3024:
2724:
2709:
1915:
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1435:
1431:
1419:
1358:
1093:
1058:
1043:
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866:
833:
675:
446:
360:
213:
198:
181:
921:
is a violation of the law of nature, for one does not have the right to enslave oneself.
2032:
Michael P. Zuckert (2005). Ellen Frankel Paul; Fred D. Miller Jr.; Jeffrey Paul (eds.).
5507:
5415:
5405:
5134:
5009:
4994:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4904:
4879:
4834:
4814:
4676:
4647:
4622:
4577:
4557:
4519:
4474:
4354:
4344:
4201:
4032:
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3481:
3252:
3235:
3172:
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1342:
1338:
1224:
751:
656:
535:
487:
442:
424:
1137:
whenever the Legislators endeavor to take away, and destroy the Property of the People
521:, which attempted to prevent James II from ever taking the throne in the first place.
5552:
5440:
5270:
5180:
5129:
5099:
5089:
5019:
5014:
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3267:
2944:
2924:
2865:
2782:
2679:
2391:
2372:
2349:
2345:
1466:
1454:
puts Locke on the side of the agrarian interests, not the manufacturing bourgeoisie.
1443:
1382:
1354:
1305:
1187:
in 1651, by contrast, dozens of texts were immediately written in response to it. As
1178:
1027:
990:
959:
955:
862:
815:
700:
648:
567:
510:
428:
329:
304:
299:
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1177:. Three of these mention Locke, two of which were written by friends of Locke. When
546:
5420:
5104:
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4949:
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4859:
4829:
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3289:
3065:
3019:
3014:
2917:
2902:
2745:
1459:
1313:
1297:
1211:
1113:
963:
738:
599:
living in the Netherlands. This translation left out Locke's "Preface," all of the
2059:
By Birth Or Consent: Children, Law, and the Anglo-American Revolution in Authority
5119:
5114:
5049:
5044:
4894:
4766:
4721:
4711:
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4437:
4374:
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1394:
1366:
1350:
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1188:
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1097:
910:
837:
766:
612:
483:
482:(VII of Scotland) was overthrown in 1688 by a union of Parliamentarians and the
192:
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4484:
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1799:
1765:
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1327:
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over the Lives, Liberties, and Estates of the People; By this breach of Trust
1117:
450:
433:
416:
350:
324:
314:
172:
143:
83:
53:
832:
Locke develops a number of notable themes. It begins with a depiction of the
509:
that its purpose is to justify William III's ascension to the throne, though
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2934:
2848:
2469:
God, Locke, and Equality: Christian Foundations in Locke's Political Thought
2453:
Ward, Lee. (2010), John Locke and Modern Life. Cambridge University Press.
1482:
1451:
1240:
1218:, for example, launched a "sustained and sophisticated assault" against the
970:
660:
456:
This publication contrasts with former political works by Locke himself. In
505:, also called the Revolution of 1688. Locke claims in the "Preface" to the
1088:
The concept of the right of revolution was also taken up by John Locke in
5475:
5054:
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1257:
1253:
994:
758:
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that men enter into civil or political society, i.e., state of society.
659:. Locke proceeds through Filmer's arguments, contesting his proofs from
5512:
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4281:
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4042:
4002:
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3745:
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3655:
3346:
3140:
3133:
2998:
2794:
2337:
1667:. Ed. Peter Laslett. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1988), 137.
1414:
finds no evidence that Locke specifically advocates capitalism. In his
1300:
that attempted to gain support for the rebellion. Of Locke's influence
1248:
1109:
946:
898:
467:
119:
4261:
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3850:
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3815:
3785:
3770:
3321:
3273:
3042:
1916:"The Letters of Thomas Jefferson: 1743–1826 Bacon, Locke, and Newton"
1125:
1101:
655:, which argued that civil society was founded on divinely sanctioned
2569:
997:. In saying this, he relies on the etymological root of "property,"
876:
The law of nature is therefore ill enforced in the state of nature.
1381:
Locke's political philosophy is often compared and contrasted with
757:
Filmer also suggested that Adam's absolute authority came from his
674:
outlines a theory of civil society. Locke begins by describing the
4291:
3780:
3715:
3410:
3006:
2543:
998:
694:
545:
4286:
3710:
2248:
Revolutionary Politics and Locke's "Two Treatises of Government"
1105:
1008:). Thus, by "property" he means "life, liberty, and estate." In
941:
chapter then considers what rights a just conqueror might have.
3659:
2628:
2529:
1745:
from the original on 20 December 2016 – via Google Books.
3855:
3750:
3383:
1728:
Two Treatises on Government: A Translation into Modern English
1713:
Two Treatises on Government: A Translation into Modern English
1120:
against the government when it acted against the interests of
973:, etc.), all kings would have to found their authority on the
801:, I wonder how he came to think of, or where he will find, an
2374:
Political Theory of Possessive Individualism: Hobbes to Locke
441:
outlines Locke's ideas for a more civilized society based on
2015:
2013:
2624:
1214:. Locke's ideas did not go unchallenged and the periodical
2300:
Locke in America: The Moral Philosophy of the Founding Era
1326:, which synthesised Lockean political philosophy with the
1116:; under the social contract, the people could instigate a
3460:
The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State
1446:, uses a historical methodology to situate Locke in the
945:
in England, he could not claim kingship over his fellow
2438:
A Discourse on Property: John Locke and his Adversaries
1525:"John Locke – Biography, Treatises, Works, & Facts"
1243:
debates of 1765–66. Marginalized groups such as women,
449:. The book is a key foundational text in the theory of
1842:. 6 vols. London: Pickering & Chatto (1999), xxii.
1635:(3 ed.). London: Awnsham and John Churchill. 1698
1004:, or what is one's own, including oneself (cf. French
566:
in a form that better reflected its intended meaning.
2505:
Launching Liberalism: On Lockean Political Philosophy
1970:
1968:
595:
was translated into French by David Mazzel, a French
1806:. Indianapolis, IN: Hackett Publishing. p. 26.
1149:
or put into the hands of any other an Absolute Power
5383:
5152:
4800:
4533:
4413:
4332:
4244:
4235:
4101:
3935:
3864:
3693:
3419:
3221:
3101:
2987:
2836:
2793:
2738:
2662:
1365:Locke's ideas have not been without criticism with
554:
published in America during the 18th century (1773)
133:
125:
115:
103:
93:
75:
67:
59:
49:
2277:
1618:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1988), 9.
1566:"Walbert, D. (2008). A little kingdom in Carolina"
1131:Locke affirmed an explicit right to revolution in
427:in the form of sentence-by-sentence refutation of
928:depended on (somehow) demonstrating descent from
1371:taking issue with his Labour theory of property
2034:Natural Rights Liberalism from Locke to Nozick
523:Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury
3671:
2640:
2602:13 October 2009 at the Portuguese Web Archive
1946:"Monticello Explorer: Portrait of John Locke"
1774:. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge University Press.
607:(which summarised Locke's conclusions in the
529:, following in Laslett's suggestion that the
380:
8:
4177:
1404:Political Theory of Possessive Individualism
32:
4113:
4241:
3678:
3664:
3656:
2991:
2647:
2633:
2625:
2120:
725:Filmer's text presented an argument for a
466:, which endorses aristocracy, slavery and
387:
373:
150:
38:
31:
2489:, Princeton: Princeton University Press,
2471:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2354:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2284:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,
2250:, Princeton: Princeton University Press,
1430:of political thought, led principally by
2507:, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas,
2487:Natural Rights and the New Republicanism
2419:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
2398:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
2302:, Lawrence: University Press of Kansas,
2180:
848:Locke defines the state of nature thus:
5261:Reflections on the Revolution in France
2144:
2084:A People's History of the United States
2004:
1516:
342:
291:
226:
171:
2228:
2191:
2168:
2156:
2132:
2108:
2096:
2061:. University of North Carolina Press.
2019:
1377:Controversies regarding interpretation
2607:The Two Treatises of Civil Government
1952:from the original on 12 November 2012
1247:and those campaigning to abolish the
464:Fundamental Constitutions of Carolina
7:
1582:from the original on 29 August 2017.
5371:The End of History and the Last Man
5281:Elements of the Philosophy of Right
2620:, lightly edited for easier reading
2618:Second Treatise of Civil Government
2549:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2535:Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy
2266:Locke's Two Treatises of Government
1323:Commentaries on the Laws of England
1096:theory. Locke declared that under
2544:"John Locke: Political Philosophy"
2396:The Spirit of Modern Republicanism
2351:Locke: Two Treatises of Government
1676:Laslett, "English Revolution," 42.
1535:from the original on 19 July 2017.
993:was created for the protection of
905:, which Locke seeks to challenge.
865:popularized theories based upon a
25:
2587:Two Treatises of Civil Government
1922:from the original on 15 June 2009
1840:The Reception of Locke's Politics
1495:United Kingdom constitutional law
1231:. Pocock has argued that Locke's
415:published anonymously in 1689 by
44:Title page from the first edition
5341:The Open Society and Its Enemies
3627:
3626:
2580:
1905:Goldie, "Introduction," xxxviii.
1802:(1983) . Tully, James H. (ed.).
1715:, ISR/Google Books, 2009, p. 70.
1614:Laslett, Peter. "Introduction."
647:is focused on the refutation of
154:
4148:Family as a model for the state
1896:Goldie, "Introduction, xxxviii.
1878:Goldie, "Introduction," xxviii.
1768:(1988) . Laslett, Peter (ed.).
1731:. Industrial Systems Research.
1694:Laslett, "Introduction," 14–15.
1685:Laslett, "Introduction," 12–13.
1592:Laslett, "Introduction", 59–61.
737:monarchy. According to Filmer,
603:, and the first chapter of the
5498:Separation of church and state
5396:Collectivism and individualism
5351:The Origins of Totalitarianism
3192:Right of way (property access)
2440:, Cambridge University Press,
2036:. Cambridge University Press.
1985:Spirit of Modern Republicanism
1838:Goldie, Mark. "Introduction".
1804:A Letter Concerning Toleration
1725:Locke, John (15 August 2013).
1011:A Letter Concerning Toleration
252:A Letter Concerning Toleration
1:
5564:Books in political philosophy
5538:Category:Political philosophy
5411:Critique of political economy
2611:The Online Library of Liberty
2570:Second Treatise of Government
2503:Zuckert, Michael. P. (2002),
2485:Zuckert, Michael. P. (1994),
1974:Goldie, "Introduction," liii.
1887:Goldie, "Introduction," xxxv.
1869:Goldie, "Introduction," xxiv.
1860:Goldie, "Introduction," xxxi.
1851:Goldie, "Introduction," xxii.
1654:Laslett, "Introduction," 8–9.
1353:and the controlled passions.
1292:are echoed in phrases in the
18:Second Treatise of Government
5436:Institutional discrimination
5431:History of political thought
4163:Negative and positive rights
2597:Extensive Locke bibliography
2318:Cambridge Historical Journal
1337:This view was challenged by
588:breaks off in mid-sentence.
33:Two Treatises of Government
5446:Justification for the state
5231:Two Treatises of Government
3498:Two Treatises of Government
2590:public domain audiobook at
2558:Two Treatises of Government
2377:, Oxford: Clarendon Press,
1771:Two Treatises of Government
1665:Two Treatises of Government
1616:Two Treatises of Government
1475:Essays on the Law of Nature
1294:Declaration of Independence
1133:Two Treatises of Government
1090:Two Treatises of Government
401:Two Treatises of Government
257:Two Treatises of Government
219:Argument from consciousness
139:Two Treatises of Government
5615:
4116:Bellum omnium contra omnes
2264:Ashcraft, Richard (1987),
2246:Ashcraft, Richard (1986),
1469:argues that Locke holds a
5533:
3622:
2994:
2417:Natural Right and History
2330:10.1017/S1474691300000329
1260:and being blamed for the
1065:Representative government
714:is an extended attack on
501:This is now known as the
244:Fundamental Constitutions
37:
5321:The Revolt of the Masses
3550:The Great Transformation
2908:Labor theory of property
1755:Second Treatise, Sec. 85
1288:are far from clear. The
805:. (1st Tr., § 79)
550:The only edition of the
494:. He ruled jointly with
459:Two Tracts on Government
232:(listed chronologically)
209:Labor theory of property
5594:Books about sovereignty
5301:The Communist Manifesto
4227:Tyranny of the majority
4138:Consent of the governed
3119:Forest-dwelling (India)
3081:restraint on alienation
2861:Common good (economics)
2298:Huyler, Jerome (1995),
2204:Pipes, Richard (1999).
1993:Natural Rights Republic
1416:A Discourse on Property
1229:classical republicanism
1159:Reception and influence
975:consent of the governed
773:Locke intimates in the
310:1st Earl of Shaftesbury
27:1689 Work by John Locke
4178:
4128:Clash of civilizations
4114:
3558:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
3332:Primitive accumulation
3187:Right of way (transit)
2972:Tragedy of the commons
2854:fictitious commodities
1776:Sec. 87, 123, 209, 222
1603:Revolutionary Politics
1153:they forfeit the Power
1037:This does not yet say
883:
855:
807:
707:
555:
492:William III of England
4143:Divine right of kings
3611:The Wealth of Nations
3591:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
3583:The Ethics of Liberty
2268:, Boston: Unwin Hyman
2208:. Knopf. p. 36.
2057:Holly Brewer (2005).
1471:labor theory of value
930:William the Conqueror
924:The legitimacy of an
878:
850:
787:
779:divine right of kings
777:that the doctrine of
698:
680:consent of the people
665:divine right of kings
549:
320:Jean-Jacques Rousseau
5569:Classical liberalism
5291:Democracy in America
4670:political philosophy
4653:political philosophy
4468:political philosophy
4297:political philosophy
4207:Separation of powers
4168:Night-watchman state
4153:Monopoly on violence
3687:Political philosophy
3474:Progress and Poverty
2808:Common-pool resource
2206:Property and Freedom
1989:Launching Liberalism
1552:25 July 2015 at the
989:, Locke claims that
903:rights of conquerors
893:Conquest and slavery
859:17th-century England
651:, in particular his
635:is divided into the
413:political philosophy
356:Classical liberalism
274:Concerning Education
88:Classical liberalism
80:Political philosophy
5589:Works by John Locke
5481:Right-wing politics
5361:A Theory of Justice
5331:The Road to Serfdom
5251:The Social Contract
3958:Christian democracy
3597:The Social Contract
3285:population transfer
3202:prior-appropriation
2881:homestead principle
2111:, pp. 102, 120
1481:or happiness in an
1410:Unlike Macpherson,
1286:American Revolution
1175:Glorious Revolution
1084:Right of revolution
542:Publication history
503:Glorious Revolution
480:James II of England
265:Human Understanding
263:An Essay Concerning
34:
5493:Political violence
5488:Political theology
5471:Left-wing politics
5466:Political spectrum
3577:Murray N. Rothbard
2888:Free-rider problem
2560:Book I and Book II
2099:, pp. 13, 130
1266:French Revolutions
1104:have the right to
708:
556:
474:Historical context
187:Limited government
5546:
5545:
5456:Philosophy of law
5401:Conflict theories
5241:The Spirit of Law
5148:
5147:
4197:Original position
3653:
3652:
3564:What Is Property?
3357:human trafficking
3342:Regulatory taking
3217:
3216:
2962:Right to property
2609:(Hollis ed.) on
2575:Project Gutenberg
2514:978-0-7006-1173-7
2496:978-0-691-03463-8
2478:978-0-521-81001-2
2426:978-0-226-77694-1
2405:978-0-226-64540-7
2392:Pangle, Thomas L.
2384:978-0-19-881084-1
2369:Macpherson, C. B.
2361:978-0-521-35448-6
2309:978-0-7006-1108-9
2291:978-0-521-07408-7
2257:978-0-691-10205-4
2215:978-0-375-40498-6
2194:, pp. 104–05
2159:, pp. 162–71
2135:, pp. 130–35
2086:. Harper Collins.
1738:978-0-906321-69-0
1145:endeavor to grasp
934:right of conquest
919:absolute monarchy
793:; which in plain
739:the Biblical Adam
727:divinely ordained
716:Sir Robert Filmer
684:revolutions just.
649:Sir Robert Filmer
397:
396:
283:the Understanding
281:Of the Conduct of
204:Right to property
149:
148:
116:Publication place
98:Awnsham Churchill
16:(Redirected from
5606:
5461:Political ethics
5451:Machiavellianism
5391:Authoritarianism
5376:
5366:
5356:
5346:
5336:
5326:
5316:
5306:
5296:
5286:
5276:
5266:
5256:
5246:
5236:
5226:
5216:
5206:
5196:
5186:
5176:
5166:
4242:
4183:
4119:
4109:Balance of power
4083:Social democracy
4078:Social Darwinism
4053:Multiculturalism
3998:Environmentalism
3973:Communitarianism
3680:
3673:
3666:
3657:
3630:
3629:
3534:John Stuart Mill
3454:Friedrich Engels
3435:Frédéric Bastiat
3428:
3280:Forced migration
3248:Collectivization
2992:
2871:First possession
2844:Bundle of rights
2649:
2642:
2635:
2626:
2584:
2583:
2577:
2553:
2539:
2517:
2499:
2481:
2450:
2429:
2408:
2387:
2364:
2341:
2312:
2294:
2283:
2269:
2260:
2232:
2226:
2220:
2219:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2166:
2160:
2154:
2148:
2142:
2136:
2130:
2124:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2100:
2094:
2088:
2087:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2054:
2048:
2047:
2029:
2023:
2017:
2008:
2002:
1996:
1981:
1975:
1972:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1929:
1927:
1912:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1888:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1861:
1858:
1852:
1849:
1843:
1836:
1830:
1829:, II, Section 6.
1824:
1818:
1817:
1796:
1790:
1789:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1704:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1686:
1683:
1677:
1674:
1668:
1661:
1655:
1652:
1646:
1645:via Google Books
1644:
1642:
1640:
1625:
1619:
1612:
1606:
1599:
1593:
1590:
1584:
1583:
1581:
1573:davidwalbert.com
1570:
1562:
1556:
1545:Armitage, David
1543:
1537:
1536:
1521:
1440:Richard Ashcraft
1428:Cambridge School
1399:C. B. Macpherson
1302:Thomas Jefferson
1296:and writings by
1208:Kentish petition
887:private property
830:Second Treatise,
699:Title page from
582:Second Treatises
527:Richard Ashcraft
519:Exclusion Crisis
389:
382:
375:
335:Thomas Jefferson
234:
233:
158:
151:
105:Publication date
42:
35:
21:
5614:
5613:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5605:
5604:
5603:
5574:Political books
5549:
5548:
5547:
5542:
5529:
5518:Totalitarianism
5379:
5374:
5364:
5354:
5344:
5334:
5324:
5314:
5304:
5294:
5284:
5274:
5264:
5254:
5244:
5234:
5224:
5214:
5204:
5194:
5191:Treatise on Law
5184:
5174:
5164:
5144:
4802:
4796:
4535:
4529:
4415:
4409:
4328:
4231:
4217:State of nature
4212:Social contract
4192:Ordered liberty
4180:Noblesse oblige
4097:
3931:
3860:
3689:
3684:
3654:
3649:
3618:
3422:
3421:
3415:
3365:husband-selling
3302:Illegal logging
3297:Illegal fishing
3226:
3213:
3124:Freedom to roam
3097:
3010:(agrarian land)
2983:
2940:Property rights
2832:
2789:
2751:Estate (landed)
2734:
2658:
2653:
2581:
2566:
2542:
2528:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2502:
2497:
2484:
2479:
2465:Waldron, Jeremy
2463:
2448:
2432:
2427:
2411:
2406:
2390:
2385:
2367:
2362:
2344:
2315:
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2198:
2190:
2186:
2179:
2175:
2167:
2163:
2155:
2151:
2143:
2139:
2131:
2127:
2121:Macpherson 1962
2119:
2115:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2081:
2080:
2076:
2069:
2056:
2055:
2051:
2044:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2018:
2011:
2003:
1999:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1966:
1955:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1925:
1923:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1882:
1877:
1873:
1868:
1864:
1859:
1855:
1850:
1846:
1837:
1833:
1827:Second Treatise
1825:
1821:
1814:
1798:
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1793:
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1764:
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1739:
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1564:
1563:
1559:
1554:Wayback Machine
1544:
1540:
1523:
1522:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1491:
1436:J. G. A. Pocock
1432:Quentin Skinner
1379:
1359:Michael Zuckert
1278:
1166:
1161:
1094:social contract
1092:as part of his
1086:
1067:
1059:state of nature
1044:state of nature
1019:state of nature
987:Second Treatise
983:
917:submission to
895:
867:state of nature
846:
844:State of Nature
834:state of nature
826:
823:Second Treatise
809:Locke ends the
799:properly a King
763:Second Treatise
744:Second Treatise
693:
676:state of nature
672:Second Treatise
641:Second Treatise
630:
605:Second Treatise
544:
476:
447:contract theory
439:Second Treatise
411:) is a work of
393:
361:Polish Brethren
285:
282:
276:
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264:
248:
245:
235:
231:
230:
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214:Lockean proviso
199:State of nature
182:Social contract
126:Media type
110:
106:
45:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5612:
5610:
5602:
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5544:
5543:
5541:
5540:
5534:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5527:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5508:Social justice
5505:
5500:
5495:
5490:
5485:
5484:
5483:
5478:
5473:
5463:
5458:
5453:
5448:
5443:
5438:
5433:
5428:
5423:
5418:
5416:Egalitarianism
5413:
5408:
5406:Contractualism
5403:
5398:
5393:
5387:
5385:
5381:
5380:
5378:
5377:
5367:
5357:
5347:
5337:
5327:
5317:
5307:
5297:
5287:
5277:
5267:
5257:
5247:
5237:
5227:
5217:
5207:
5197:
5187:
5177:
5167:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5149:
5146:
5145:
5143:
5142:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4992:
4987:
4982:
4977:
4972:
4967:
4962:
4957:
4952:
4947:
4942:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4917:
4912:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4862:
4857:
4852:
4847:
4842:
4837:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4806:
4804:
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4797:
4795:
4794:
4789:
4784:
4779:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4729:
4724:
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4662:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4630:
4625:
4620:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
4580:
4575:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4539:
4537:
4531:
4530:
4528:
4527:
4522:
4517:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4471:
4470:
4460:
4455:
4450:
4445:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4419:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4407:
4402:
4397:
4392:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4347:
4342:
4336:
4334:
4330:
4329:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4300:
4299:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4259:
4254:
4248:
4246:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4202:Overton window
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4145:
4140:
4135:
4130:
4125:
4120:
4111:
4105:
4103:
4099:
4098:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4033:Libertarianism
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3975:
3970:
3965:
3960:
3955:
3950:
3945:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3874:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3859:
3858:
3853:
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3833:
3828:
3823:
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3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
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3773:
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3753:
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3718:
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3708:
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3697:
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3675:
3668:
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3648:
3647:
3646:
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3635:
3623:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3602:
3601:
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3588:
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3555:
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3541:
3536:
3531:
3530:
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3517:
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3515:
3503:
3502:
3501:
3489:
3484:
3482:Garrett Hardin
3479:
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3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3277:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3253:Eminent domain
3250:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3236:Bioprospecting
3232:
3230:
3228:redistribution
3219:
3218:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3170:
3165:
3164:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3143:
3138:
3137:
3136:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3105:
3103:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3063:
3058:
3057:
3056:
3046:
3039:
3034:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3012:
3004:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2984:
2982:
2981:
2980:
2979:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2937:
2932:
2930:Natural rights
2927:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2878:
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2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
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2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2666:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2644:
2637:
2629:
2623:
2622:
2613:
2603:
2594:
2578:
2563:
2562:
2554:
2540:
2524:
2523:External links
2521:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2500:
2495:
2482:
2477:
2461:
2451:
2446:
2430:
2425:
2409:
2404:
2388:
2383:
2365:
2360:
2346:Laslett, Peter
2342:
2313:
2308:
2295:
2290:
2270:
2261:
2256:
2242:
2240:
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2234:
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2214:
2196:
2184:
2173:
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2089:
2082:Zinn, Howard.
2074:
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2009:
1997:
1976:
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1620:
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1557:
1538:
1529:britannica.com
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1499:
1498:
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1490:
1487:
1378:
1375:
1343:Gordon S. Wood
1339:Bernard Bailyn
1277:
1274:
1225:civic humanism
1181:published the
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1085:
1082:
1066:
1063:
982:
979:
894:
891:
861:, the work of
845:
842:
825:
820:
811:First Treatise
775:First Treatise
752:Carole Pateman
712:First Treatise
692:
690:First Treatise
687:
657:patriarchalism
645:First Treatise
637:First Treatise
629:
626:
609:First Treatise
601:First Treatise
586:First Treatise
543:
540:
536:Rye House Plot
488:Dutch Republic
475:
472:
443:natural rights
425:patriarchalism
421:First Treatise
395:
394:
392:
391:
384:
377:
369:
366:
365:
364:
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358:
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344:
343:Related topics
340:
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61:
57:
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26:
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14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5611:
5600:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5590:
5587:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5579:Republicanism
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
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5489:
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5468:
5467:
5464:
5462:
5459:
5457:
5454:
5452:
5449:
5447:
5444:
5442:
5441:Jurisprudence
5439:
5437:
5434:
5432:
5429:
5427:
5424:
5422:
5419:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
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5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5388:
5386:
5382:
5373:
5372:
5368:
5363:
5362:
5358:
5353:
5352:
5348:
5343:
5342:
5338:
5333:
5332:
5328:
5323:
5322:
5318:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5303:
5302:
5298:
5293:
5292:
5288:
5283:
5282:
5278:
5273:
5272:
5271:Rights of Man
5268:
5263:
5262:
5258:
5253:
5252:
5248:
5243:
5242:
5238:
5233:
5232:
5228:
5223:
5222:
5218:
5213:
5212:
5208:
5203:
5202:
5198:
5193:
5192:
5188:
5183:
5182:
5181:De re publica
5178:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5155:
5151:
5141:
5138:
5136:
5133:
5131:
5128:
5126:
5123:
5121:
5118:
5116:
5113:
5111:
5108:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5078:
5076:
5073:
5071:
5068:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5043:
5041:
5038:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5006:
5003:
5001:
4998:
4996:
4993:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4981:
4978:
4976:
4973:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4941:
4938:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4911:
4908:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4866:
4863:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4851:
4848:
4846:
4843:
4841:
4838:
4836:
4833:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4821:
4818:
4816:
4813:
4811:
4808:
4807:
4805:
4801:20th and 21st
4799:
4793:
4790:
4788:
4785:
4783:
4780:
4778:
4775:
4773:
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4733:
4730:
4728:
4725:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4651:
4650:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4624:
4621:
4619:
4616:
4614:
4611:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4540:
4538:
4534:18th and 19th
4532:
4526:
4523:
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4501:
4498:
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4459:
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4434:
4431:
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4424:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4412:
4406:
4403:
4401:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4391:
4390:Nizam al-Mulk
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
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4107:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4073:Republicanism
4071:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
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4019:
4016:
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3994:
3991:
3989:
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3674:
3669:
3667:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3644:
3641:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:Categories:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3613:
3612:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3603:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3592:
3589:
3585:
3584:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3575:
3573:
3572:David Ricardo
3570:
3566:
3565:
3561:
3560:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3551:
3547:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3539:Elinor Ostrom
3537:
3535:
3532:
3528:
3527:
3523:
3522:
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3518:
3514:
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3509:
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3405:
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3362:
3360:
3358:
3355:
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3350:
3349:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3338:
3337:Privatization
3335:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3317:Legal plunder
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3269:
3268:Expropriation
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3251:
3249:
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3239:
3238:
3237:
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3139:
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3107:
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3040:
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3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3017:
3016:
3013:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3003:
3002:(watercourse)
3001:
2997:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2986:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2945:primogeniture
2943:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2925:Legal plunder
2923:
2919:
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2882:
2879:
2877:
2876:appropriation
2874:
2873:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2866:Excludability
2864:
2862:
2859:
2855:
2852:
2851:
2850:
2847:
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2839:
2835:
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2579:
2576:
2572:
2571:
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2545:
2541:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2516:
2510:
2506:
2501:
2498:
2492:
2488:
2483:
2480:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2460:
2459:9780521192804
2456:
2452:
2449:
2447:0-521-22830-1
2443:
2439:
2435:
2431:
2428:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
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2376:
2375:
2370:
2366:
2363:
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2327:
2323:
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2305:
2301:
2296:
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2262:
2259:
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2238:
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2225:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2207:
2200:
2197:
2193:
2188:
2185:
2182:
2181:Ashcraft 1986
2177:
2174:
2170:
2165:
2162:
2158:
2153:
2150:
2147:, p. 367
2146:
2141:
2138:
2134:
2129:
2126:
2123:, p. 228
2122:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2093:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2075:
2070:
2068:0-8078-2950-1
2064:
2060:
2053:
2050:
2045:
2043:0-521-61514-3
2039:
2035:
2028:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2001:
1998:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1980:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1951:
1947:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1921:
1917:
1911:
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1714:
1709:
1706:
1703:Laslett, 266.
1700:
1697:
1691:
1688:
1682:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1663:Locke, John.
1660:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1634:
1633:
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1617:
1611:
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1604:
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1500:
1496:
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1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1467:Richard Pipes
1464:
1461:
1455:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1444:Peter Laslett
1441:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1424:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1408:
1405:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1390:
1389:
1384:
1383:Thomas Hobbes
1376:
1374:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1355:Thomas Pangle
1352:
1348:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1290:Two Treatises
1287:
1283:
1282:Two Treatises
1276:North America
1275:
1273:
1271:
1270:Christ Church
1267:
1263:
1259:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1237:
1234:
1233:Two Treatises
1230:
1226:
1221:
1220:Two Treatises
1217:
1216:The Rehearsal
1213:
1209:
1205:
1204:Two Treatises
1200:
1198:
1197:Two Treatises
1194:
1190:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1170:Two Treatises
1168:Although the
1163:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1134:
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1074:
1072:
1064:
1062:
1060:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1031:
1029:
1028:Thomas Hobbes
1024:
1020:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1003:
1000:
996:
992:
991:civil society
988:
980:
978:
976:
972:
969:
965:
961:
960:primogeniture
957:
951:
948:
942:
938:
935:
931:
927:
922:
920:
914:
912:
911:law of nature
906:
904:
900:
892:
890:
888:
882:
877:
874:
870:
868:
864:
863:Thomas Hobbes
860:
854:
849:
843:
841:
839:
838:law of nature
835:
831:
824:
821:
819:
817:
812:
806:
804:
800:
796:
792:
786:
784:
780:
776:
771:
768:
767:law of nature
764:
760:
755:
753:
749:
745:
740:
736:
732:
728:
723:
721:
717:
713:
705:
702:
697:
691:
688:
686:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
633:Two Treatises
627:
625:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
598:
594:
593:Two Treatises
589:
587:
583:
579:
575:
574:Two Treatises
571:
569:
568:Peter Laslett
565:
564:Two Treatises
560:
559:Two Treatises
553:
548:
541:
539:
537:
532:
531:Two Treatises
528:
524:
520:
516:
515:Two Treatises
512:
511:Peter Laslett
508:
507:Two Treatises
504:
499:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
473:
471:
469:
465:
461:
460:
454:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
435:
430:
429:Robert Filmer
426:
422:
418:
414:
410:
409:
404:(full title:
403:
402:
390:
385:
383:
378:
376:
371:
370:
368:
367:
362:
359:
357:
354:
352:
349:
348:
347:
346:
341:
336:
333:
331:
330:Immanuel Kant
328:
326:
323:
321:
318:
316:
313:
311:
308:
306:
305:Thomas Hobbes
303:
301:
300:Robert Filmer
298:
297:
296:
295:
290:
284:
278:
275:
272:Some Thoughts
269:
266:
260:
258:
255:
253:
250:
247:
241:
240:
239:
238:
225:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
194:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
179:
178:
177:
174:
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166:
162:
161:
157:
153:
152:
145:
141:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
121:
118:
114:
108:
102:
99:
96:
92:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
66:
62:
58:
55:
52:
48:
41:
36:
30:
19:
5522:
5421:Elite theory
5369:
5359:
5349:
5339:
5329:
5319:
5309:
5299:
5289:
5279:
5269:
5259:
5249:
5239:
5230:
5229:
5219:
5209:
5199:
5189:
5179:
5169:
5159:
4458:Guicciardini
4414:Early modern
4237:Philosophers
4187:Open society
4123:Body politic
3993:Distributism
3983:Conservatism
3978:Confucianism
3897:Gerontocracy
3887:Dictatorship
3841:Sovereignty‎
3831:Ruling class
3721:Emancipation
3706:Citizenship‎
3638:Property law
3609:
3595:
3581:
3562:
3548:
3544:Karl Polanyi
3524:
3520:Marcel Mauss
3510:
3497:
3496:
3487:David Harvey
3472:
3468:Henry George
3458:
3449:Ronald Coase
3439:
3424:
3370:wife selling
3352:bride buying
3290:repatriation
3272:
3223:Disposession
3177:
3066:Property law
3041:
3037:Forest types
3007:
2999:
2988:Applications
2918:rent-seeking
2903:Gift economy
2761:Intellectual
2617:
2606:
2605:John Locke,
2586:
2568:
2567:John Locke.
2557:
2547:
2533:
2530:"John Locke"
2504:
2486:
2468:
2437:
2434:Tully, James
2416:
2413:Strauss, Leo
2395:
2373:
2350:
2324:(1): 40–55.
2321:
2317:
2299:
2279:
2265:
2247:
2239:Bibliography
2224:
2205:
2199:
2187:
2176:
2171:, p. 42
2164:
2152:
2145:Zuckert 1994
2140:
2128:
2116:
2104:
2092:
2083:
2077:
2058:
2052:
2033:
2027:
2007:, chpt. 7–10
2005:Zuckert 1994
2000:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1979:
1954:. Retrieved
1940:
1931:
1924:. Retrieved
1910:
1901:
1892:
1883:
1874:
1865:
1856:
1847:
1839:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1803:
1794:
1770:
1760:
1751:
1727:
1720:
1712:
1708:
1699:
1690:
1681:
1672:
1664:
1659:
1650:
1637:. Retrieved
1630:
1623:
1615:
1610:
1602:
1597:
1588:
1572:
1560:
1541:
1528:
1519:
1483:Aristotelean
1474:
1465:
1460:economic man
1456:
1447:
1425:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1393:
1386:
1380:
1364:
1336:
1321:
1319:Blackstone's
1298:Samuel Adams
1289:
1281:
1279:
1238:
1232:
1219:
1215:
1212:Daniel Defoe
1203:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1182:
1169:
1167:
1152:
1148:
1147:themselves,
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1130:
1089:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1070:
1068:
1056:
1052:
1047:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1016:
1009:
1005:
1001:
986:
984:
952:
943:
939:
926:English king
923:
915:
907:
896:
884:
879:
875:
871:
856:
851:
847:
829:
827:
822:
810:
808:
802:
798:
794:
790:
788:
782:
774:
772:
762:
756:
743:
724:
719:
711:
709:
703:
689:
671:
669:
652:
644:
640:
636:
632:
631:
608:
604:
600:
592:
590:
585:
581:
577:
573:
572:
563:
558:
557:
551:
530:
514:
506:
500:
477:
457:
455:
438:
437:, while the
432:
420:
406:
405:
400:
399:
398:
256:
191:
137:
111:(dated 1690)
29:
5295:(1835–1840)
5175:(c. 350 BC)
5165:(c. 375 BC)
4782:Tocqueville
4747:Saint-Simon
4712:Montesquieu
4563:Bolingbroke
4495:Machiavelli
4375:Ibn Khaldun
4340:Alpharabius
4333:Middle Ages
4158:Natural law
4133:Common good
4058:Nationalism
4018:Imperialism
3988:Corporatism
3963:Colonialism
3943:Agrarianism
3922:Technocracy
3902:Meritocracy
3882:Bureaucracy
3872:Aristocracy
3512:Das Kapital
3399:progressive
3389:inheritance
3312:Land reform
3086:real estate
3061:Land tenure
3049:Inheritance
2977:anticommons
2913:Law of rent
2893:Game theory
2823:Information
2803:Common land
2700:Cooperative
2229:Huyler 1995
2192:Huyler 1995
2169:Huyler 1995
2157:Huyler 1995
2133:Huyler 1995
2109:Huyler 1995
2097:Huyler 1995
2022:, chpt. 4,5
2020:Huyler 1995
1987:; Zuckert,
1800:Locke, John
1766:Locke, John
1639:20 November
1511:Information
1479:flourishing
1412:James Tully
1395:Leo Strauss
1367:Howard Zinn
1351:sensibility
1347:Garry Wills
1332:Louis Hartz
1330:tradition.
1249:slave trade
1191:explains: "
1189:Mark Goldie
1141:Legislative
1098:natural law
783:jure divino
613:Montesquieu
517:during the
484:stadtholder
246:of Carolina
193:Tabula rasa
5559:1689 books
5553:Categories
5503:Separatism
5311:On Liberty
5211:The Prince
4940:Huntington
4443:Campanella
4370:al-Ghazali
4319:Thucydides
4277:Lactantius
4222:Statolatry
4048:Monarchism
4028:Liberalism
3953:Capitalism
3936:Ideologies
3917:Plutocracy
3865:Government
3821:Revolution
3806:Propaganda
3756:Legitimacy
3731:Government
3643:by country
3605:Adam Smith
3492:John Locke
3156:indigenous
3151:aboriginal
3071:alienation
2766:indigenous
2756:Intangible
2670:Collective
2274:Dunn, John
1813:091514560X
1785:052135448X
1632:Government
1601:Ashcraft,
1501:References
1328:common law
1245:Dissenters
1202:While the
1199:was not."
1118:revolution
971:anointment
731:hereditary
720:Patriarcha
704:Patriarcha
653:Patriarcha
628:Main ideas
451:liberalism
434:Patriarcha
417:John Locke
408:Government
351:Empiricism
325:Adam Smith
315:David Hume
173:John Locke
144:Wikisource
84:Liberalism
54:John Locke
5599:Treatises
5221:Leviathan
5201:Monarchia
5195:(c. 1274)
5030:Oakeshott
4975:Mansfield
4970:Luxemburg
4955:Kropotkin
4850:Bernstein
4803:centuries
4717:Nietzsche
4660:Jefferson
4588:Condorcet
4536:centuries
4515:Pufendorf
4380:Marsilius
4267:Confucius
4252:Aristotle
4245:Antiquity
4173:Noble lie
4093:Third Way
4088:Socialism
4013:Feudalism
3968:Communism
3948:Anarchism
3927:Theocracy
3912:Oligarchy
3892:Democracy
3877:Autocracy
3791:Pluralism
3776:Obedience
3741:Hierarchy
3701:Authority
3506:Karl Marx
3307:Land Back
3258:Enclosure
3241:biopiracy
3179:Bergregal
3161:squatting
2935:Ownership
2849:Commodity
2828:Knowledge
2739:By nature
2695:Customary
2685:Community
2231:, chpt. 3
1956:28 August
1933:sciences.
1452:Neal Wood
1448:political
1388:Leviathan
1241:Stamp Act
1193:Leviathan
1184:Leviathan
770:consent.
759:ownership
748:feminists
661:Scripture
552:Treatises
94:Publisher
5476:Centrism
5171:Politics
5161:Republic
5130:Voegelin
5110:Spengler
5095:Shariati
5070:Rothbard
5025:Nussbaum
4925:Habermas
4900:Fukuyama
4890:Foucault
4815:Ambedkar
4792:Voltaire
4762:de Staël
4737:Rousseau
4618:Franklin
4593:Constant
4553:Beccaria
4385:Muhammad
4365:Gelasius
4350:Averroes
4324:Xenophon
4304:Polybius
4257:Chanakya
4102:Concepts
4068:Populism
4038:Localism
4023:Islamism
4008:Feminism
3907:Monarchy
3811:Property
3801:Progress
3766:Monopoly
3736:Hegemony
3633:Property
3526:The Gift
3425:key work
3420:Scholars
3404:property
3361:spousal
3327:Poaching
3263:Eviction
3207:riparian
3168:Littoral
3076:easement
3054:executor
3025:literary
2950:usufruct
2898:Georgism
2778:Tangible
2773:Personal
2680:Communal
2663:By owner
2656:Property
2600:Archived
2592:LibriVox
2467:(2002),
2436:(1980),
2415:(1953),
2394:(1988),
2371:(1962),
2348:(1988),
2276:(1969),
1983:Pangle,
1950:Archived
1920:Archived
1743:Archived
1577:Archived
1550:Archived
1533:Archived
1489:See also
1304:wrote: "
1262:American
1258:Voltaire
1254:Rousseau
1122:citizens
1002:proprius
995:property
981:Property
750:such as
735:absolute
701:Filmer's
639:and the
621:Rousseau
617:Voltaire
597:Huguenot
591:In 1691
423:attacks
165:a series
163:Part of
60:Language
5513:Statism
5426:Elitism
5384:Related
5185:(51 BC)
5115:Strauss
5090:Scruton
5085:Schmitt
5075:Russell
4995:Michels
4990:Maurras
4985:Marcuse
4945:Kautsky
4915:Gramsci
4910:Gentile
4880:Dworkin
4870:Du Bois
4865:Dmowski
4860:Chomsky
4855:Burnham
4840:Benoist
4810:Agamben
4777:Thoreau
4767:Stirner
4757:Spencer
4702:Mazzini
4692:Maistre
4687:Madison
4682:Le Play
4613:Fourier
4578:Carlyle
4558:Bentham
4548:Bastiat
4543:Bakunin
4520:Spinoza
4510:MĂĽntzer
4480:Leibniz
4453:Grotius
4433:Bossuet
4400:Plethon
4345:Aquinas
4314:Sun Tzu
4282:Mencius
4272:Han Fei
4043:Marxism
4003:Fascism
3836:Society
3761:Liberty
3746:Justice
3726:Freedom
3441:The Law
3347:Slavery
3173:Mineral
3141:Hunting
3134:pannage
3129:Grazing
3114:Fishing
3000:Acequia
2967:Rivalry
2955:women's
2813:Digital
2795:Commons
2730:Unowned
2705:Private
2338:3021052
1926:12 July
1485:sense.
1420:Zuckert
1164:Britain
1126:tyranny
1110:liberty
1071:2nd Tr.
985:In the
947:Normans
932:: the
899:slavery
828:In the
803:Usurper
795:English
496:Mary II
486:of the
468:serfdom
120:England
76:Subject
63:English
5584:Rights
5375:(1992)
5365:(1971)
5355:(1951)
5345:(1945)
5335:(1944)
5325:(1929)
5315:(1859)
5305:(1848)
5285:(1820)
5275:(1791)
5265:(1790)
5255:(1762)
5245:(1748)
5235:(1689)
5225:(1651)
5215:(1532)
5205:(1313)
5135:Walzer
5125:Taylor
5080:Sartre
5045:Popper
5040:Pareto
5035:Ortega
5020:Nozick
5010:Mouffe
4960:Laclau
4920:Guénon
4905:Gandhi
4845:Berlin
4835:Bauman
4830:Badiou
4820:Arendt
4787:Tucker
4677:Le Bon
4638:Herder
4628:Haller
4623:Godwin
4608:Fichte
4603:Engels
4598:Cortés
4568:Bonald
4525:Suárez
4500:Milton
4490:Luther
4463:Hobbes
4448:Filmer
4438:Calvin
4423:Boétie
4416:period
4395:Ockham
4262:Cicero
4063:Nazism
3851:Utopia
3826:Rights
3816:Regime
3786:People
3771:Nation
3322:Piracy
3274:Farhud
3102:Rights
3043:Huerta
3015:Estate
2837:Theory
2818:Global
2720:Social
2710:Public
2675:Common
2511:
2493:
2475:
2457:
2444:
2423:
2402:
2381:
2358:
2336:
2306:
2288:
2254:
2212:
2065:
2040:
1810:
1782:
1735:
1442:, and
1314:Newton
1179:Hobbes
1114:estate
1112:, and
1102:people
1100:, all
1023:Filmer
1006:propre
968:divine
956:Filmer
816:Filmer
706:(1680)
419:. The
292:People
68:Series
50:Author
5524:Index
5153:Works
5140:Weber
5105:Spann
5100:Sorel
5065:Röpke
5060:Rawls
5015:Negri
5005:Mosca
5000:Mises
4965:Lenin
4935:Hoppe
4930:Hayek
4895:Fromm
4885:Evola
4875:Dugin
4772:Taine
4752:Smith
4732:Renan
4727:Paine
4648:Iqbal
4633:Hegel
4583:Comte
4573:Burke
4485:Locke
4475:James
4428:Bodin
4360:Dante
4355:Bruni
4309:Shang
4292:Plato
3846:State
3796:Power
3781:Peace
3716:Elite
3694:Terms
3411:Theft
3197:Water
3091:title
3020:legal
3008:Ejido
2746:Croft
2725:State
2690:Crown
2334:JSTOR
1580:(PDF)
1569:(PDF)
1506:Notes
1310:Locke
1306:Bacon
999:Latin
962:from
578:First
478:King
228:Works
129:Print
5055:Rand
5050:Qutb
4950:Kirk
4825:Aron
4742:Sade
4722:Owen
4707:Mill
4697:Marx
4665:Kant
4643:Hume
4505:More
4405:Wang
4287:Mozi
3711:Duty
3394:poll
3377:wage
3146:Land
3030:real
2783:real
2715:Self
2616:The
2509:ISBN
2491:ISBN
2473:ISBN
2455:ISBN
2442:ISBN
2421:ISBN
2400:ISBN
2379:ISBN
2356:ISBN
2304:ISBN
2286:ISBN
2252:ISBN
2210:ISBN
2063:ISBN
2038:ISBN
1958:2012
1928:2009
1808:ISBN
1780:ISBN
1733:ISBN
1641:2014
1627:See
1426:The
1397:and
1357:and
1341:and
1312:and
1264:and
1256:and
1227:and
1106:life
1048:from
964:Adam
710:The
670:The
619:and
580:and
445:and
134:Text
109:1689
71:None
5120:Sun
4980:Mao
3856:War
3751:Law
3384:Tax
3109:Air
2573:at
2326:doi
1135:: “
1039:why
958:'s
857:In
754:.)
718:'s
431:'s
142:at
5555::
2546:.
2532:.
2332:.
2322:12
2320:.
2012:^
1991:,
1967:^
1948:.
1930:.
1918:.
1778:.
1741:.
1575:.
1571:.
1531:.
1527:.
1438:,
1434:,
1385:’
1373:.
1308:,
1128:.
1108:,
966:,
733:,
729:,
667:.
615:,
453:.
167:on
86:,
82:,
3679:e
3672:t
3665:v
3427:)
3423:(
3225:/
2648:e
2641:t
2634:v
2552:.
2538:.
2340:.
2328::
2218:.
2071:.
2046:.
1995:.
1960:.
1816:.
1788:.
1643:.
1605:.
781:(
388:e
381:t
374:v
20:)
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