757:, charged that CPI(M) had adopted a "domineering and dictatorial" attitude towards its coalition partners and CPI in particular. In September 1969 the CPI West Bengal State Council issued a resolution that accused CPI(M) of following a 'bankrupt opportunistic line' and claimed CPI(M) had created a 'reign of terror' in the Baranagore against CPI activists.
732:
During this period, there was significant levels of political violence in the state. Clashes between political parties were often violent, even between United Front coalition partners. Over 700 political murders were reported in 1969, over 600 of them being acknowledged by the state Home
Department.
745:
There was significant infighting between coalition partners. Coalition partners accused CPI(M) of trying to impose its own hegemony over the United Front. There was tension between the two main United Front coalition partners, the Bangla
Congress and the CPI(M). The prevailing chaos in the cabinet
736:
By mid-1969 CPI(M) had an organised 50,000 member strong volunteer force in West Bengal, a body the party thought of as an embryo of a future
Liberation Army. The RSP had a paramilitary body of its own, the Inquilabi Fouj ('Revolutionary Army'), the CPI also developed a fighting unit. Wealthy
719:
The CPI(ML) clashed with both police forces and the CPI(M). The United Front government sought to quell the
Naxalite movement and arrested a number of its leaders. Nevertheless, the violence continued. The Naxalites turned West Bengal into a battlefield, whilst the United Front was also under
642:, claimed 939,000 members in West Bengal. Through popular mobilisation 300,000 acres of land was redistributed, according to government sources, but widespread confrontations provoked a chaotic situation across the state. Clashes occurred between members of different political parties.
765:
On 19 February 1970, three ministers belonging to the Bangla
Congress (Sushil Kumar Dhara, Charu Mihir Sarkar and Bhabatosh Soren) submitted their resignations to their party. Ajoy Mukherjee presented his resignation on 16 March 1970. The government was dismissed on 19 March 1970.
90:. Nevertheless, CPI(M) obtained all key portfolios in the government. SUCI resented the fact that it had not been given the Labour portfolio. The Food and Supplies department had been allocated to the CPI(M), but CPI(M) allowed
656:
s were effectively legalised. Salaries of workers increased as a result. In the first six months of the second United Front government there were 551 strikes and 73 lock-outs across the state, affecting some 570,000 workers.
633:
organised groups of 5–10 cadres in the country-side to organise poor peasants seize lands above the legal limit. At times groups of over 10,000 peasants would congregate to seize lands. The groups of cadres also organised
78:
Second United Front cabinet took office in
February 1969. The second United Front cabinet had 27 cabinet ministers and 3 ministers of state. By comparison, the 1967 first United Front cabinet had 19 ministers.
593:
declined joining the government, but supported it from outside. However, SSP was not fully supportive of the government. CPI(M) and SSP activists clashes in the tea gardens and colleries. SSP, along with the
709:, which had been jailed by the first United Front government in 1967, were released in April 1969. The United Front deemed that the Naxalite movement in northern Bengal had been subdued by this time.
665:
In local governance, the second United Front continued in the path of the first United Front government. A comprehensive
Panchayat Bill was presented in the Legislative Assembly.
1611:
753:
There was also significant tension between CPI(M) and CPI, with the CPI being increasing drawn towards the Indian
National Congress. In June 1969 the CPI general secretary,
1606:
1601:
67:
43:
calling the shots but with a non-leftist Chief
Minister. The 13-month reign of the Second United Front Cabinet was marked by the struggle for comprehensive
1626:
1586:
713:
82:
CPI(M) was the largest party of the United Front in the
Legislative Assembly, but as per a pre-election agreement the post of Chief Minister went to
1641:
1631:
1571:
602:
70:, with a 32-point common programme. The election outcome was a landslide victory for the United Front; winning 214 seats and 49.7% of the votes.
282:
95:
1636:
1550:
1473:
1399:
1372:
1342:
1309:
1282:
1250:
1179:
1145:
1113:
1081:
997:
925:
866:
834:
798:
689:
hills was one of the 32 points in the 1969 United Front programme. Nevertheless, no progress was made on this front during its short tenure.
415:
312:
35:
for 13 months, 1969–1970. The Second United Front Cabinet was formed after the 1967 First United Front Cabinet had been dismissed in 1967,
639:
630:
626:
503:
460:
430:
372:
267:
254:
241:
153:
138:
40:
1616:
1596:
1523:
1446:
1031:
334:
650:
With the CPI(M) in charge of the Home and Labour departments, police were instructed not to intervene against striking workers.
1591:
1576:
518:
445:
39:
introduced and a mid-term election held in 1969. The United Front got a renewed popular mandate in the 1969 election, with the
629:. At the time the legal limit on land holdings was 25 acres, but in many cases landlords held more lands under fake names.
1621:
737:
landlords, in resistance against the United Front parties and the Naxalites, set up their own private paramilitaries.
578:
319:
1581:
590:
548:
473:
387:
342:
211:
488:
357:
327:
226:
168:
160:
638:
to demand from landowners that their shares be paid in full. By late 1969 the CPI(M) peasant front, the
568:
349:
747:
595:
577:
was named new Refugee, Relief and Rehabilitation and Jails Minister after Niranjan Sengupta's death.
571:, was sworn in as Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Minister, raising the number of ministers to 31.
533:
115:
83:
574:
675:
274:
91:
60:
56:
36:
618:
564:
190:
175:
145:
1498:
972:
826:
1546:
1519:
1469:
1442:
1395:
1389:
1368:
1338:
1305:
1299:
1278:
1246:
1240:
1175:
1141:
1109:
1103:
1077:
1027:
993:
921:
862:
856:
830:
794:
670:
510:
452:
364:
304:
1463:
1332:
1272:
1203:
1169:
1135:
915:
788:
1436:
1388:
Jean Drèze; Amartya Sen; World Institute for Development Economics Research (10 July 1997).
754:
679:
540:
394:
17:
622:
480:
437:
402:
297:
289:
198:
183:
123:
87:
598:, raised the 'Rabindra Sarobar incident' issue to discredit the United Front government.
746:
pushed the Chief Minister to undertake a hunger strike in Curzon Park, just in front of
1491:
965:
819:
706:
525:
379:
233:
1565:
635:
422:
1225:
The panchayat administration in West Bengal: a study of West Bengal's unhappy utopia
581:
replaced Abdullah Rasul as Transport Minister, after Abdullah Rasul's resignation.
218:
1540:
1513:
1416:
1362:
1223:
1071:
1047:
1021:
987:
942:
887:
702:
614:
44:
32:
1418:
The Congress (O) in West Bengal politics: role performance and role perception
686:
495:
130:
1137:
Problems of Governance in India Since Independence: The Bengal Success Story
59:
cabinet had been dismissed by the West Bengal Governor on 21 November 1967.
821:
The Uncertain Verdict: A Study of the 1969 Elections in Four Indian States
720:
pressure from the Indian National Congress and the Congress government in
1328:
1073:
Marxist parties of West Bengal in opposition and in government, 1947–2001
989:
Marxist parties of West Bengal in opposition and in government, 1947–2001
790:
The Puzzle of India's Governance: Culture, Context and Comparative Theory
698:
1023:
Election results of West Bengal: statistics & analysis, 1952–1991
652:
917:
Two Faces of Protest: Contrasting Modes of Women's Activism in India
120:
Chief Minister, Home (other than General Administration and Police)
1242:
Making Imperial Mentalities: Socialisation and British Imperialism
721:
1301:
Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye: The Biography of a Master Film-Maker
1020:
Communist Party of India (Marxist). West Bengal State Committee.
712:
On 22 April 1969, the Naxalites formed a party of their own, the
1274:
Naxal Movement and State Power: With Special Reference of Orissa
668:
In Education, the Second United Front government introduced the
135:
Deputy Chief Minister, Home (General Administration and Police)
47:, labour disputes, political violence and coalition infighting.
944:
The politics of power: defections and state politics in India
31:
was the coalition government that ruled the Indian state of
892:. Vol. 7. Intercontinental Press. 1969. p. 274.
605:
also supported the United Front government from outside.
1208:. Brill Archive. pp. 49–50, 56. GGKEY:BEAUDTYBNJT.
63:
had been introduced in the state on 20 February 1968.
1171:
Divided We Govern: Coalition Politics in Modern India
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1217:
1215:
1202:Aziz Ahmad; Karigoudar Ishwaran (1 December 1973).
1490:
1391:Indian Development: Selected Regional Perspectives
964:
958:
956:
954:
920:. University of California Press. pp. 31–32.
818:
750:, in protest against his own coalition partners.
1356:
1354:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
384:Local Self Government, Development and Planning
66:A 12-party United Front coalition contested the
1493:Socialism, Democracy, and Nationalism in India
850:
848:
846:
68:1969 West Bengal Legislative Assembly election
1542:West Bengal's Jyoti Basu: a political profile
1421:. B.B. Co., Publication Division. p. 44.
1334:Fields of Protest: Women's Movements in India
457:Refugee, Relief and Rehabilitation and Jails
8:
1245:. Manchester University Press. p. 122.
1129:
1127:
1125:
858:The Politics of Autonomy: Indian Experiences
1612:Socialist Unity Centre of India (Communist)
1266:
1264:
1262:
1174:. Oxford University Press. pp. 59–60.
1097:
1095:
1093:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1009:
812:
810:
782:
780:
778:
714:Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist)
1430:
1428:
1323:
1321:
1065:
1063:
1061:
1059:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
825:. University of California Press. p.
100:
1140:. Vedams eBooks (P) Ltd. pp. 86–87.
1108:. Harvard University Press. p. 126.
1462:Bidyut Chakrabarty (13 November 2014).
774:
1607:Revolutionary Communist Party of India
1076:. Progressive Publishers. p. 77.
992:. Progressive Publishers. p. 92.
283:Revolutionary Communist Party of India
96:Revolutionary Communist Party of India
1602:Revolutionary Socialist Party (India)
1367:. Vol. 3. Praeger. p. 241.
1271:Satya Prakash Dash (1 January 2006).
855:Ranabir Samaddar (13 December 2005).
7:
1298:Andrew Robinson (21 February 2004).
1277:. Sarup & Sons. pp. 18–19.
1102:Sumantra Bose (16 September 2013).
947:. National Pub. House. p. 518.
882:
880:
878:
485:Schedule Castes and Tribes Welfare
223:Cottage and Small Scale Industries
165:Agriculture, Community Development
1627:1969 establishments in West Bengal
1587:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
1518:. Allied Publishers. p. 136.
861:. SAGE Publications. p. 182.
504:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
461:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
431:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
373:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
268:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
255:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
242:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
154:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
139:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
41:Communist Party of India (Marxist)
25:
1052:. Vol. 15. 1969. p. 28.
324:Information and Public Relations
1394:. Clarendon Press. p. 131.
1222:Asok Kumar Mukhopadhyay (1977).
208:Co-operation and Social Welfare
150:Land and Land Revenue (Reforms)
1642:Cabinets disestablished in 1970
1632:1970 disestablishments in India
1545:. Gian Pub. House. p. 35.
1539:Surajit Kumar Dasgupta (1992).
1512:Sankar Ghose (1 January 1978).
1438:The future for Indian democracy
787:Subrata K. Mitra (7 May 2007).
519:Socialist Unity Centre of India
446:Socialist Unity Centre of India
1572:Coalition governments of India
1441:. Fabian Society. p. 30.
1205:Contributions to Asian Studies
1070:Sudhir Ray (1 November 2007).
1026:. The Committee. p. 379.
986:Sudhir Ray (1 November 2007).
971:. Patriot Publishers. p.
967:Left Experiment in West Bengal
963:Profulla Roychoudhury (1985).
914:Amrita Basu (1 October 1994).
29:Second Ajoy Mukherjee ministry
1:
1497:. Allied Publishers. p.
416:Revolutionary Socialist Party
313:Revolutionary Socialist Party
1637:Cabinets established in 1969
1415:Prabhat Kumar Palit (1983).
1364:History of the International
559:Later changes in the cabinet
545:Tourism (Minister of State)
1304:. I.B.Tauris. p. 201.
941:Subhash C. Kashyap (1974).
697:A number of leaders of the
530:Sports (Minister of State)
427:Passport and Civil Defence
18:Second United Front Cabinet
1658:
1228:. World Press. p. 30.
1049:Indian Recorder and Digest
567:, dissident leader of the
515:Roads (Minister of State)
470:Relief and Social Welfare
320:Jyoti Bhushan Bhattacharya
1468:. Routledge. p. 55.
1361:Julius Braunthal (1980).
1168:Sanjay Ruparelia (2015).
793:. Routledge. p. 99.
603:Progressive Muslim League
354:Judicial and Legislative
339:Irrigation and Waterways
98:to occupy this ministry.
1617:Bolshevik Party of India
1597:Communist Party of India
1465:Left Radicalism in India
1134:Prasenjit Maiti (2002).
625:the key priority of the
591:Samyukta Socialist Party
549:Bolshevik Party of India
474:Communist Party of India
388:Communist Party of India
343:Communist Party of India
212:Communist Party of India
180:Commerce and Industries
489:All India Gorkha League
248:Krishna Chandra Halder
1592:All India Forward Bloc
1577:West Bengal ministries
1337:. Zubaan. p. 51.
889:Intercontinental Press
817:Ramashray Roy (1975).
412:Parliamentary Affairs
358:All India Forward Bloc
328:Workers Party of India
227:All India Forward Bloc
195:Community Development
169:All India Forward Bloc
161:Kanailal Bhattacharyya
1489:Sankar Ghose (1973).
1435:Sitanshu Das (1970).
1239:J. A. Mangan (1990).
569:Praja Socialist Party
350:Bhakti Bhushan Mandal
1622:Marxist Forward Bloc
741:Coalition infighting
596:Bharatiya Jana Sangh
534:Marxist Forward Bloc
261:Pravash Chandra Roy
116:Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee
84:Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee
676:Rabindranath Tagore
335:Biswanath Mukherjee
275:Sudhindranath Kumar
92:Sudhindranath Kumar
1105:Transforming India
728:Political violence
701:movement, such as
619:Hare Krishna Konar
565:Sudhir Chandra Das
467:Abdur Rezzak Khan
409:Jatin Chakraborty
191:Charu Mihir Sarkar
176:Sushil Kumar Dhara
146:Hare Krishna Konar
74:Ministers sworn in
1552:978-81-212-0420-0
1475:978-1-317-66805-3
1401:978-0-19-829204-3
1374:978-0-89158-369-1
1344:978-81-86706-23-7
1311:978-1-86064-965-3
1284:978-81-7625-700-8
1252:978-0-7190-2864-9
1181:978-0-19-026491-8
1147:978-81-7936-002-6
1115:978-0-674-72819-6
1083:978-81-8064-135-0
999:978-81-8064-135-0
927:978-0-520-08919-8
868:978-81-321-0364-6
836:978-0-520-02475-5
800:978-1-134-27493-2
748:Writers' Building
685:Autonomy for the
613:Mobilization for
554:
553:
511:Protiva Mukherjee
453:Niranjan Sengupta
365:Krishnapada Ghosh
305:Nani Bhattacharya
205:Renu Chakraborty
16:(Redirected from
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804:
784:
755:C. Rajeshwar Rao
680:Bengali language
646:Labour struggles
541:Barada Mukutmoni
395:Bibhuti Dasgupta
101:
61:President's Rule
37:President's Rule
21:
1657:
1656:
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1651:
1650:
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1646:
1582:Bangla Congress
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743:
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695:
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648:
623:Benoy Choudhury
611:
587:
561:
481:Deo Prakash Rai
438:Subodh Banerjee
403:Lok Sewak Sangh
298:Bangla Congress
290:Bhabatosh Soren
199:Bangla Congress
184:Bangla Congress
124:Bangla Congress
88:Bangla Congress
76:
53:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
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1515:Changing India
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707:Jangal Santhal
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693:Naxal uprising
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661:Other policies
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640:Krishak Samiti
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586:
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575:Tarun Sengupta
563:On 9 May 1969
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526:Ram Chatterjee
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380:Somnath Lahiri
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234:Satyapriya Roy
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