467:"The existence of these obsolete offences in this country had been used by other countries as justification for the retention of similar laws which have been actively used to suppress political dissent and restrict press freedom. Abolishing these offences will allow the UK to take a lead in challenging similar laws in other countries, where they are used to suppress free speech.”
293:, who presided over Tilak's case, widened the understanding of Section 124A. Under Strachey's definition, the attempt to excite "feelings of enmity" against the government was also a form of sedition. Tilak was found guilty by the jury and sentenced to 18 months of rigorous imprisonment. Tilak again faced charges against sedition for two
1159:
553:
A law student proposes "the following modification to the law is suggested. Section 124A should be retained subject to three conditions: first, that, the offender must be in a position of authority...; second, that, the offending words must be understood in context...; and, third, they should have a
117:
Whoever, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts to excite disaffection towards, the
Government established by law in India, shall be punished with imprisonment for life,
393:
drew attention to the fact that the rate of conviction under sedition is very low and that this law has been misused by the executive powers. Some critics of the law further elaborate on this point by claiming that the purpose of this law is not to convict the charged, but to harass and to silence
159:
Whoever by words, either spoken or intended to be read, or by signs, or by visible representation, or otherwise, excites, or attempts to excite, feelings of disaffection to the
Government established by law in British India, shall be punished with transportation for life or for any term, to which
189:
Stephen's version of 1870 was amended to a large extent through the IPC Amendment Act of 1898. The current section stands very much similar to the 1898 section; however minor alterations were made at various points in India's colonial and post-colonial history—in 1937, 1948, 1950, and by Part B
167:
Such a disapprobation of the measures of the
Government as is compatible with a disposition to render obedience to the lawful authority of the Government, and to support the lawful authority, of the Government, against unlawful attempts to subvert or resist that authority, is not disaffection.
102:
introduces the criminal law into the parliament and said sedition has been turned into treason. As per the proposed laws, the criticising government is fully permissible. Any activity will be considered treason only if it is intended against the integrity, sovereignty, and unity of the nation.
197:
heard by the
Allahabad High Court declared the sedition law void. The Punjab high court had also struck down the law. A Supreme Court judgment in 1962 brought back sedition into the Constitution, interpreting the section to say that it only applies if there is "incitement to violence".
489:“We have noticed, with dismay, a growing trend in India in recent times where both central and state governments have routinely slapped sedition charges on journalists for articles, tweets, Facebook posts that criticise government policies…In January 2021, IWPC founder member
250:. The Act was described as "forced Europeanisation" and a gag on Hindus, who were described as legally incapable and prevented from rebelling against the Act. The authorities put forth a claim that Bose had incited rebellion; in his instructions to the jury, the Chief Justice
289:. This turned into an annual celebration commemorating the anniversary of Shivaji's coronation. Three years later, Tilak published reports of this celebration, as "Shivaji's Utterances"; this essay doubled as an attack on the colonial government. Justice
212:
suspended the colonial-era law. The court said that the law has been misused by governments to quash dissent and that it was not in tune with the times. Due to this, hundreds of people who were jailed under the law have become eligible for
134:.—Comments expressing disapprobation of the measures of the Government to obtain their alteration by lawful means, without exciting or attempting to excite hatred, contempt, or disaffection, do not constitute an offence under this section.
254:
explained the meaning of "disaffection" as "a feeling contrary to affection, in other words, dislike or hatred" and linked it with disobedience towards the government. Bose was nevertheless released on bail, and the case was dropped.
302:. Despite the verdict, this trial, according to historian Mithi Mukherjee, "marked a fundamental discursive rupture in the history of empire and paved the way for mass anticolonial movements under the leadership of Gandhi. In 1922,
297:
articles, titled "The
Country's Misfortune" (12 May 1908) and "These Remedies Are Not Lasting" (9 June 1908). Once again Tilak was found guilty under the newly drafted section 124A, and sentenced to six years of imprisonment in
449:
and that it has no place in a modern democracy. Critics further point out that the law was introduced by the colonial government in India to curtail dissent and that
Britain has since abolished this law in 2009. The then
316:'s imprisonment under the sedition section. While appearing in court, Gandhi referred to Section 124A as the "prince among the political sections of the Indian Penal Code designed to suppress the liberty of the citizen".
140:.—Comments expressing disapprobation of the administrative or other action of the Government without exciting or attempting to excite hatred, contempt, or disaffection, do not constitute an offence under this section.
1160:"Disha Ravi, an environmental activist from Bengaluru, arrested by Delhi police and charged with sedition for 'formulation and dissemination' of a toolkit to aid protesting farmers which was shared by Greta Thunberg"
90:
was now permissible. In 1962 the
Supreme Court of India interpreted the section to apply only if there is, say, "incitement to violence" or "overthrowing a democratically elected government through violent means".
36:. Section 124A forms part of Chapter VI of the Code which deals with offences against the state. Chapter VI comprises sections from 121 to 130, wherein sections 121A and 124A were introduced in 1870. The then
549:
officers, legal thinkers and judges, scholars, human rights and civil liberty advocates, journalists, and so on have commented against the sedition law, calling for it to be scrapped or undergo amendments.
217:. The ruling does not overturn the sedition law, the law has only been put on temporary hold and no further cases can be registered under this law until the ongoing review by the government is completed.
168:
therefore, the making of comments on the methods of the
Government, with the intention of against unlawful a exciting only this species of disapprobation, is not an offence within this clause.
410:
proposed to "get rid of it " as written, and favoured handling sedition-related by other means. Several opinion-makers have called for the abolishing of sedition laws in the context of the
1434:
343:
During the 21st century, various notable authors, creative professionals, activists, and politicians have been charged with sedition under
Section 124A. Cases include the then
1197:
1234:
664:
1798:
506:. Furthermore, some critics of the law say that the purpose of this law is not to convict, but for the government to harass its critics through the drawn out process.
1728:
829:
186:, and fearing that Muslim preachers would incite religious war in the Indian subcontinent, the Raj introduced this section under the title "Exciting disaffection".
1408:
403:
1699:
1613:
1337:
1285:
2269:
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1383:
442:, an "astonishing number" of citizens faced trial under Section 124A: 23,000 were in temporary custody, of whom 9,000 were arrested only for sedition.
524:
434:
had been in power (2004–2014), the section had remained intact and was used to file charges on various citizens; following 2012-2013 protests against
262:
is historically famous. Tilak, a lawyer by training, was also politically active in support of independence. He established and published two dailies—
503:
178:
drafted the Penal Code in 1837. However, for reasons unknown, it was omitted from the actual Code. It was finally added in 1870 on the suggestion of
402:
In post-independence India, Section 124A came under criticism at numerous intervals, being singled out for its curbing of free speech. When the
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2004:
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Between 2014 and 2019, 326 sedition cases were filed in India, charge sheets were filed in 141 cases which resulted in only 6 convictions.
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1084:
1312:
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1926:
1846:
1826:
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777:
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In 2021, Kishorechandra
Wangkhemcha and Kanhaiya Lal Shukla petitioned the Supreme Court against the law. The court admitted the case.
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728:
202:
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336:, which in 1962 ruled that speeches against the government or political parties were not illegal while upholding it as applicable to
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fine may be added, or with imprisonment for a term which may extend to three years, to which fine may be added, or with fine.
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1946:
1916:
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1941:
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to which fine may be added, or with imprisonment which may extend to three years, to which fine may be added, or with fine.
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37:
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855:
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994:
175:
1435:"Editors Guild welcomes Supreme Court verdict on sedition case against Vinod Dua | India News - Times of India"
427:
332:, which also concluded that it struck at the very root of free speech. The Government of India appealed to the
247:
419:
179:
44:
on the Indian subcontinent would wage a war against them. Particularly after the successful suppression of
889:"Supreme Court order brings hope for thousands jailed on controversial colonial-era sedition law in India"
502:
has condemned the use of this law by state governments against senior journalists for the coverage of the
473:
430:(INC) included a specific proposal to abolish Section 124A in their manifesto. However, while the INC-led
387:
333:
251:
209:
95:
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1968:
542:
344:
299:
60:
1546:
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352:
329:
445:
Critics of the law claim that sedition is an outdated law from the colonial era and it curtails the
422:
published a consultation paper that asked for a possible amendment or repeal of the law. During the
2008:
499:
231:
1998:
1978:
1014:
79:
945:
1461:"Journalists' Bodies Slam Sedition FIRs Against Editors, Reporters for Farmers' Rally Coverage"
1235:"Is India made of porcelain? Question CJI Ramana should ask Modi govt at next sedition hearing"
2284:
2164:
2118:
1807:
1621:
1568:
1205:
1198:"Why do you need the 'colonial law' of sedition after 75 years of Independence, CJI asks govt"
863:
756:
724:
446:
325:
313:
56:
41:
25:
493:
and some other journalists were booked for sedition for tweets relating to farmers’ protest.”
2018:
1558:
1006:
560:
As of 11 May 2022, the law has been put on hold by the Supreme Court citing re-examination.
411:
407:
267:
239:
201:
Sedition was made cognizable for the first time during the tenure of Indira Gandhi via the
182:, at the time handling legal issues in the colonial Government of India. Due to increasing
2237:
639:"SC puts sedition trials on hold until Govt re-examines it, says affected can seek relief"
348:
290:
174:
The section related to sedition initially had its place in the code, as Section 113, when
74:
The section kept drawing criticism in independent India as well for being a hindrance to
55:, the need was felt for such a law. Throughout the Raj, the section was used to suppress
1384:"India's sedition law is just another colonial hangover and has no place in a democracy"
915:"India's top court halts use of controversial sedition law in rebuke to the government"
303:
279:
259:
87:
68:
64:
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ruled Section 124A to be unconstitutional. A similar ruling was passed in 1959 by the
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364:
360:
83:
2098:
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The following laws in India address the same aspects covered by the sedition law—
2202:
2190:
2128:
665:"'Sedition to be treason': Amit Shah explains proposed changes to criminal laws"
459:
356:
308:
75:
33:
128:.—The expression “disaffection” includes disloyalty and all feelings of enmity.
2028:
439:
372:
1625:
1572:
1209:
1010:
867:
2154:
2144:
1134:"Kerala: Two students of Malappuram college arrested on charges of sedition"
183:
99:
46:
1492:"Six Decades Later, Challenge To Sedition Law Is Back In The Supreme Court"
995:"Sedition, Law, and the British Empire in India: The Trial of Tilak (1908)"
2247:
2108:
29:
690:
2038:
282:
1563:
1338:"Congress manifesto promises to do away with British-era sedition law"
480:, and has demanded the repeal of this law and has also expressed that
1988:
830:"How a Supreme Court judgment brought back the sedition law in India"
1776:
1184:
326 sedition cases filed in india between 2014 19 only 6 convictions
752:
Offend, Shock, or Disturb: Free Speech under the Indian Constitution
394:
critics of the government by the means of a long drawn out process.
2216:
1729:"Sedition: Why does India follow a law that the world has junked?"
541:
Numerous critics, students, former government employees including
1614:"Sedition law | Supreme Court sends strong message to government"
275:
214:
82:
for the first time in history in India, during the tenure of PM
50:
1780:
278:. In 1894, Professor R. P. Karkaria presented his paper on the
581:"The Case to Amend Sedition Law, India's Self-Inflicted Wound"
94:
As of 11 May 2022, This law has been put on temporary hold by
968:"Panel Discussion on Free Speech and Sedition in a Democracy"
1700:"Why Supreme Court must strike down sedition law entirely"
1409:"Sedition law in UK abolished in 2009, continues in India"
778:"Section 124A: An Archaic Way to Stifle Dissent In India"
340:; this pronouncement had the effect of diluting the law.
230:
The first known registered case under the section was in
1547:"A Theoretical Analysis of the Law on Sedition in India"
482:"this law has no space in any modern liberal democracy"
98:
citing re-examination. In December 2023, Home Minister
32:. The Indian Penal Code was enacted in 1860, under the
1313:"Law Commission calls for re-think on sedition clause"
856:"India's Top Court Suspends Colonial-Era Sedition Law"
554:
tendency to actually cause violence or disorder....""
1085:"To repeal or not: Nehruvian dilemma on sedition law"
1648:"Don't let sedition law make a mockery of democracy"
484:. The Indian Women Press Corps (IWPC) also has said:
2226:
2062:
1955:
1814:
1518:"India's Absurd Sedition Law – And What It Enables"
723:. Universal Law Publishing. pp. 220, 226–227.
1727:
71:, both of whom were found guilty and imprisoned.
1361:"Why India needs to get rid of its sedition law"
614:"Disagreeing with govt is not sedition, says SC"
154:
1286:"The Indian State must scrap the sedition law"
1033:"Republic of dissent: Gandhi's sedition trial"
1792:
1260:"Why India's sedition law needs to be buried"
8:
1997:(false evidence to procure conviction for a
404:First Amendment of the Constitution of India
2173:(culpable homicide not amounting to murder)
1078:
1076:
1799:
1785:
1777:
913:Swati Gupta and Rhea Mogul (11 May 2022).
854:Kumar, Hari; Yasir, Sameer (11 May 2022).
1562:
1158:SAYEED, VIKHAR AHMED (15 February 2021).
712:
710:
708:
1674:"Amend sedition law to check its misuse"
1311:Rajagopal, Krishnadas (30 August 2018).
1111:"5 high profile sedition cases in India"
946:"A Look Back At Tilak's Sedition Trials"
939:
937:
935:
744:
742:
740:
579:Chndrachud, Abhinav (22 February 2021).
691:"Section 124A in The Indian Penal Code"
568:
238:. Bose's article, published in his own
205:(CR.P.C) which replaced the 1898 CRPC.
1612:Rajagopal, Krishnadas (15 July 2021).
1196:Rajagopal, Krishnadas (15 July 2021).
452:Parliamentary Under Secretary of State
274:in English; both being published from
1722:
1720:
1540:
1538:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1228:
1226:
236:Queen Empress v Jogendra Chunder Bose
7:
1588:"Scrap sedition. Stop UAPA's misuse"
1186:, freepressjournal.in, 19 July 2021.
804:"The nine lives of the sedition law"
607:
605:
603:
601:
574:
572:
1586:Azad, Yashovardhan (20 July 2021).
537:Amending and repealing Section 124A
406:was passed in 1951, Prime Minister
258:The sedition trial of 1897 against
157:Section 124A. Exciting disaffection
86:in 1973, that is, arrest without a
828:Noorani, A. G. (15 January 2021).
802:Bhatia, Gautam (24 January 2016).
16:Law on the punishment for sedition
14:
2270:Sections of the Indian Penal Code
1490:Chaturvedi, Arpan (11 May 2021).
1359:Biswas, Soutik (29 August 2016).
1055:"Anti-sedition law needs the bin"
782:Bar and Bench - Indian Legal news
720:Textbook on the Indian Penal Code
338:separatism by persuasion or force
1672:Sarna, Ayush (15 October 2019).
1646:Dwivedi, Rakesh (20 July 2021).
1516:Sharma, Aditya (22 March 2021).
523:Public Safety Acts (such as the
1698:Singh, Anushka (17 July 2021).
1233:Gupta, Shekhar (17 July 2021).
999:Law, Culture and the Humanities
612:Utkarsh, Anand (4 March 2021).
287:Royal Asiatic Society in Bombay
203:1973 Code of Criminal Procedure
1755:S.G.VOMBATKERE (15 May 2022).
436:Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant
147:Development and current status
1:
1551:Christ University Law Journal
1545:Aishwarya, Narayanan (2015).
944:Saxena, Namit (8 July 2018).
776:Kumar, Ayush (3 March 2021).
547:Indian Administrative Service
28:lays down the punishment for
2051:with murder or resulting in
1035:. Live Mint. 25 January 2019
424:2019 Indian general election
2053:persistent vegetative state
1340:. India Today. 2 April 2019
1113:. Rediff. 13 September 2012
755:. Oxford University Press.
432:United Progressive Alliance
416:Jawaharlal Nehru University
345:Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP)
38:British government of India
2316:
717:Gaur, Krishna Deo (2009).
1757:"Sedition and the L BJaw"
1678:Tribuneindia News Service
1652:Tribuneindia News Service
993:Mukherjee, Mithi (2020).
371:(2019), climate activist
367:(2012), student activist
176:Thomas Babington Macaulay
2137:(privacy of rape victim)
1979:waging war against India
1957:Capital offence sections
1011:10.1177/1743872116685034
428:Indian National Congress
248:Age of Consent Act, 1891
190:States (Law) Act, 1951.
2199:(attempted acid attack)
749:Bhatia, Gautam (2016).
519:Unlawful Activities Act
474:Editor's Guild of India
420:Law Commission of India
180:James Fitzjames Stephen
2207:unnatural sex offences
1382:Reema Omer, Dawn com.
1091:. No. The Tribune
496:
470:
388:Chief Justice of India
334:Supreme Court of India
312:resulted into his and
306:'s three articles for
252:William Comer Petheram
210:Supreme Court of India
171:
152:Historical text (1870)
112:Section 124A. Sedition
96:Supreme Court of India
78:. Sedition was made a
543:Indian Police Service
531:National Security Act
486:
464:
386:On 15 July 2021, the
208:On May 11, 2022, the
2295:Free speech case law
353:Simranjit Singh Mann
330:Allahabad High Court
2300:Separatism in India
2290:Censorship in India
2280:1870 in British law
1969:criminal conspiracy
1021:– via SCOPUS.
500:Press Club of India
456:Ministry of Justice
379:Low conviction rate
363:(2010), cartoonist
232:Calcutta High Court
195:Ram Nandan v State,
2275:1870 introductions
1734:The Times of India
1704:The Indian Express
1441:. TNN. 5 June 2021
1439:The Times of India
1415:. 14 February 2016
860:The New York Times
671:. 21 December 2023
643:The Indian Express
476:has called this a
347:general secretary
80:cognisable offence
2257:
2256:
2238:attempted suicide
2165:culpable homicide
2119:unlawful assembly
1808:Indian Penal Code
1564:10.12728/culj.6.5
1292:. 15 January 2019
1266:. 18 January 2019
1089:10 September 2018
1061:. 15 January 2019
447:freedom of speech
426:, the opposition
326:Punjab High Court
320:Post-independence
314:Shankarlal Banker
246:, criticized the
184:Wahabi activities
57:political dissent
42:Khilafat movement
26:Indian Penal Code
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504:farmers protests
408:Jawaharlal Nehru
226:Pre-independence
193:A case in 1958,
54:
40:feared that the
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974:. 24 March 2016
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611:
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478:"draconian law"
418:. In 2018, the
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359:(2007), author
349:Praveen Togadia
322:
291:Arthur Strachey
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2063:Other sections
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2055:of the victim)
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1982:
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1496:BloombergQuint
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1059:Economic Times
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1005:(3): 454–476.
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304:Mahatma Gandhi
260:Lokmanya Tilak
227:
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88:police warrant
69:Mahatma Gandhi
65:Lokmanya Tilak
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1947:Chapter XXIII
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1736:. 3 June 2021
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645:. 12 May 2022
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412:2016 protests
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369:Rinshad Reera
366:
365:Aseem Trivedi
362:
361:Arundhati Roy
358:
354:
350:
346:
341:
339:
335:
331:
327:
324:In 1951, the
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284:
281:
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221:Notable cases
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138:Explanation 3
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132:Explanation 2
130:
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126:Explanation 1
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84:Indira Gandhi
81:
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59:in favour of
58:
52:
48:
43:
39:
35:
31:
27:
23:
19:
2104:
2099:court of law
2041:with murder)
1942:Chapter XXII
1912:Chapter XVII
1892:Chapter XIII
1862:Chapter VIII
1764:. Retrieved
1760:
1750:
1738:. Retrieved
1733:
1707:. Retrieved
1703:
1693:
1681:. Retrieved
1677:
1667:
1655:. Retrieved
1651:
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1629:. Retrieved
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1607:
1595:. Retrieved
1591:
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1525:. Retrieved
1521:
1511:
1499:. Retrieved
1495:
1468:. Retrieved
1464:
1455:
1443:. Retrieved
1438:
1429:
1417:. Retrieved
1412:
1403:
1391:. Retrieved
1387:
1377:
1365:. Retrieved
1354:
1342:. Retrieved
1332:
1320:. Retrieved
1316:
1306:
1294:. Retrieved
1289:
1280:
1268:. Retrieved
1263:
1254:
1242:. Retrieved
1238:
1213:. Retrieved
1201:
1191:
1179:
1167:. Retrieved
1163:
1153:
1141:. Retrieved
1137:
1127:
1115:. Retrieved
1105:
1093:. Retrieved
1088:
1063:. Retrieved
1058:
1049:
1037:. Retrieved
1027:
1002:
998:
988:
976:. Retrieved
971:
962:
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922:. Retrieved
918:
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896:. Retrieved
892:
883:
871:. Retrieved
859:
849:
837:. Retrieved
833:
823:
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807:
797:
785:. Retrieved
781:
771:
751:
719:
695:. Retrieved
685:
673:. Retrieved
668:
659:
647:. Retrieved
642:
633:
621:. Retrieved
617:
588:. Retrieved
584:
559:
556:
552:
540:
513:
510:Alternatives
497:
491:Mrinal Pande
488:
487:
481:
477:
471:
466:
465:
444:
401:
385:
382:
342:
323:
307:
294:
280:Maratha king
271:
263:
257:
243:
235:
229:
207:
200:
194:
192:
188:
173:
165:Explanation:
164:
156:
155:
137:
131:
125:
111:
110:
93:
73:
63:, including
61:independence
22:Section 124A
21:
20:
18:
2191:acid attack
2129:hate speech
2031:for ransom)
1937:Chapter XXI
1932:Chapter XXA
1922:Chapter XIX
1907:Chapter XVI
1897:Chapter XIV
1887:Chapter XII
1872:Chapter IXA
1857:Chapter VII
1832:Chapter III
1761:The Citizen
675:21 December
460:Claire Ward
391:N.V. Ramana
357:Binayak Sen
309:Young India
76:free speech
34:British Raj
2264:Categories
2029:kidnapping
2017:(abetting
1927:Chapter XX
1902:Chapter XV
1882:Chapter XI
1867:Chapter IX
1852:Chapter VI
1847:Chapter VA
1837:Chapter IV
1827:Chapter II
948:. Live Law
585:TheLeaflet
564:References
440:Tamil Nadu
373:Disha Ravi
2155:blasphemy
2145:obscenity
1877:Chapter X
1842:Chapter V
1822:Chapter I
1626:0971-751X
1618:The Hindu
1573:2278-4322
1388:Scroll.in
1317:The Hindu
1210:0971-751X
1202:The Hindu
1164:Frontline
1138:Scroll.in
1019:152184820
972:The Hindu
868:0362-4331
834:Frontline
398:Criticism
244:Bangobasi
242:magazine
234:in 1891;
100:Amit Shah
51:Waliullah
2285:Sedition
2248:adultery
2109:sedition
2005:302, 303
1815:Chapters
1465:The Wire
1239:ThePrint
375:(2020).
355:(2005),
351:(2003),
272:Mahratta
53:Movement
30:sedition
2227:Defunct
2039:dacoity
2019:suicide
1740:22 July
1709:22 July
1683:22 July
1657:22 July
1631:22 July
1597:22 July
1527:22 July
1501:22 July
1470:11 June
1445:11 June
1419:11 June
1393:11 June
1244:20 July
1215:20 July
1169:11 June
1143:11 June
839:5 March
813:5 March
787:5 March
623:5 March
590:5 March
458:of UK,
454:at the
414:at the
285:to the
283:Shivaji
268:Marathi
240:Bengali
24:of the
2009:murder
1989:mutiny
1766:18 May
1624:
1571:
1367:29 May
1344:29 May
1322:27 May
1296:29 May
1270:29 May
1208:
1117:28 May
1095:27 May
1065:27 May
1039:29 May
1017:
978:28 May
952:28 May
924:11 May
898:11 May
873:11 May
866:
759:
727:
697:22 May
649:12 May
525:JK PSA
295:Kesari
264:Kesari
47:Wahabi
2217:fraud
1363:. BBC
1015:S2CID
462:said:
300:Burma
2197:326B
2187:326A
2151:295A
2135:228A
2125:153A
2105:124A
2049:rape
2045:376A
2035:364A
2025:364A
1965:120B
1768:2022
1742:2021
1711:2021
1685:2021
1659:2021
1633:2021
1622:ISSN
1599:2021
1569:ISSN
1529:2021
1503:2021
1472:2021
1447:2021
1421:2021
1395:2021
1369:2019
1346:2019
1324:2019
1298:2019
1272:2019
1264:Mint
1246:2021
1217:2021
1206:ISSN
1171:2021
1145:2021
1119:2019
1097:2019
1067:2019
1041:2019
980:2019
954:2019
926:2022
900:2022
875:2022
864:ISSN
841:2021
815:2021
808:mint
789:2021
757:ISBN
725:ISBN
699:2019
677:2023
651:2022
625:2021
592:2021
545:and
498:The
472:The
276:Pune
270:and
215:bail
107:Text
67:and
2244:497
2234:309
2213:420
2203:377
2177:320
2171:304
2161:299
2141:294
2115:144
2015:305
1995:194
1985:122
1975:121
1559:doi
1007:doi
919:CNN
438:in
266:in
2266::
2095:20
1759:.
1732:.
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2080:3
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2027:(
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2011:)
2007:(
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1991:)
1987:(
1981:)
1977:(
1971:)
1967:(
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765:.
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679:.
653:.
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594:.
527:)
49:/
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