Censorship in the Republic of Ireland

1507:, a cake factory in Finglas, north Dublin, where O'Toole worked. He was informed in writing by RTÉ that his Sinn Féin membership was the reason for the censorship. O'Toole challenged what he contended was RTÉ self-censorship in the High Court. After the court found in O'Toole's favour in August 1992, RTÉ appealed the ruling that liberalised its Section 31 regime. Consequently, RTÉ were accused of appealing to be censored. RTÉ then lost in the Supreme Court in March 1993. 1784: 2020:

and for other purposes incidental to the matters aforesaid". It established the Censorship of Publications Board. A book caught by the act was one that "in its general tendency indecent or obscene ... or ... advocates the unnatural prevention of conception or the procurement of abortion or miscarriage or the use of any method, treatment or appliance for the purpose of such prevention or such miscarriage".

1318:. Section 60 provides that the Irish government may apply to the courts for an order made under the Act to be heard in private. Section 59 prohibits anyone from publishing the fact that the minister has made an order or direction under the Act; even publication that such a prohibition order has been made is also an offence under the Act. Days after the Act was passed, an order was sought by minister 63: 1529:. The last person censored under the lapsing Order in January 1994 was Larry O'Toole, who was banned from appearing in a joint RTÉ/Channel Four programme on the Northern Ireland conflict, chaired by Channel Four's John Snow. The Channel Four production team wished to speak to O'Toole about his court victory. RTÉ would not permit this as O'Toole had been chosen as a candidate in 1470:, as someone who might be prosecuted under a proposed amendment to the Offences Against the State Act. O'Brien cited pro-republican Letters to the Editor as coming under the terms of the legislation for which the editor could be made legally liable. Coogan, who was immediately warned of O'Brien's intentions by Nossiter, then published the Nossiter-O'Brien interview (as did 1827:. Following the overthrow of France and the Low Countries in May 1940, the British instigated full terminal mail censorship but the Irish were unable to look at more than about 10% due to the enormous staff this would have required. Covert censorship of mail between Northern Ireland and the south was effected by warrants obtained by G2, who also obtained warrants from the 693:, the state retains laws that allow for censorship, including specific laws covering films, advertisements, newspapers and magazines, as well as terrorism and pornography, among others. In the early years of the state, censorship was more widely enforced, particularly in areas that were perceived to be in contradiction of 1494:

which remained in place until 1994, specifically banned 'reports of interviews' with spokespersons for censored organisations. Moreover, British broadcasters were more liberal than RTÉ in defining when a person was a spokesperson for a censored organisation. They held that an MP like Sinn Féin President

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responded to the enactment by announcing the formation of the "Church of Dermotology" (named after Dermot Ahern, the minister who introduced the 2009 law). On the date on which the law came into effect, it published a series of potentially blasphemous quotations on its website and vowed to challenge

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Under severe pressure from successive governments, from approximately 1977 RTÉ extended Section 31 to censor all Sinn Féin members, not merely the Sinn Féin spokespersons specified in the Section 31 Order. This extension of the Order came to a head in the early 1990s. Sinn Féin member Larry O'Toole

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amended Section 31 of the Broadcasting Act. He also issued a new Section 31 Order. O'Brien censored spokespersons for specific organisations, including the Sinn Féin political party, rather than specified content. That prevented RTÉ from interviewing Sinn Féin spokespersons under any circumstances,

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programme. The recorded interview was not itself broadcast. MacStiofáin's voice was not heard. However, he was arrested after the O'Kelly interview and charged with membership of the IRA, an illegal organisation. Soon afterwards, at the non-jury Special Criminal Court O'Kelly was jailed briefly for

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modified the effect of the Censorship of Publications Acts 1929 to 1967 in respect of certain information likely to be required by a woman to avail herself of "services provided outside the State for the termination of pregnancies". However, the information in question must not advocate or promote

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was an act "to make provision for the prohibition of the sale and distribution of unwholesome literature and for that purpose to provide for the establishment of a censorship of books and periodical publications, and to restrict the publication of reports of certain classes of judicial proceedings

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are exempt from film classification, whereas in the UK, they must be classified. Broadcasters usually use their discretion and obey the British classifications and showing-time restrictions. Ireland receives all of the UK-licensed music channels, which are subject to British music video laws; with

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he or she publishes or utters matter that is grossly abusive or insulting in relation to matters held sacred by any religion, thereby causing outrage among a substantial number of the adherents of that religion, and (b) he or she intends, by the publication or utterance of the matter concerned, to

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or a Sinn Féin councillor could be interviewed about constituency business or in their private capacity. RTÉ would not allow this under any circumstances, a stance that caused a crisis in RTÉ in the early 1990s. In addition, the British censorship rules did not apply at election time, whereas they

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Advertisements are regulated by the Advertising Standards Authority, and must be truthful and factually accurate. In addition, adverts for illegal services are not allowed. The ASA is a voluntary industry body which has no statutory powers and has no power to remove a publication from circulation.

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covering eleven republican and loyalist organisations, but they were less severe than the Section 31 Order. For instance, British broadcasters could dub Sinn Féin speeches and interviews with an actor's voice, or subtitle footage. That was not possible in Ireland where O'Brien's Section 31 Order,

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was abolished in 1966. A year later, the ban was changed so it only lasted twelve years instead of indefinitely, although it could be renewed. In 2010, the last series of book bans were finished as the previously bans have completed their twelve year limitation. Since March 2016 the Censorship of

1401:. Under Section 31 of the Broadcasting Authority Act 1960, the Minister for Posts and Telegraphs could issue a ministerial order to the government-appointed RTÉ Authority not to broadcast material specified in the written order. In 1971 the first order under the section was issued by Fianna Fáil 1419:

Collins refused clarification when RTÉ asked for advice on what this legal instruction meant in practice. RTÉ interpreted the Order politically to mean that spokespersons for the Provisional and Official IRA could no longer appear on air. In 1972 the government sacked the RTÉ Authority for not

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is strictly illegal. This includes videos, DVD, film, photographs, digital files, drawings and text descriptions. There are no other laws banning specific types of pornography in Ireland. However, distribution of obscene material by the telephone network can be prosecuted under the Post Office

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be a criminal offence. The scope of the protection afforded by this Article has been interpreted restrictively by the judiciary, largely as a result of the wording of the Article, which qualifies the right before articulating it. Indeed, until an authoritative pronouncement on the issue by the

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repealed a large part of the 1929 act and was "to make further and better provision for the censorship of books and periodical publications". Periodicals caught by the act included issues that "have devoted an unduly large proportion of space to the publication of matter relating to

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state into a modern European, secular and liberal nation. Nevertheless this has created a situation where legislation and regulation regarding certain areas of censorship hasn't caught up with the necessary requirements needed and as such this leads to various unusual omissions.

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was approved by a margin of 64.85% to 35.15% which removed the offence of blasphemy from the Constitution. The provisions of the Defamation Act 2009 were repealed upon the commencement of the Blasphemy (Abolition of Offences and Related Matters) Act 2019 on 17 January 2020.

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Article s.36 (3) provides that – "it shall be a defence to proceedings for an offence under this section for the defendant to prove that a reasonable person would find genuine literary, artistic, political, scientific, or academic value in the matter to which the offence

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approved in November 1992 removed the constitutional prohibition. Regulation of access to information to abortion was put on a statutory basis by the Regulation of Information (Services Outside the State For Termination of Pregnancies) Act 1995. This was repealed by the

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by the its own ombudsman, the Press Council of Ireland. The Press Council is a voluntary industry body, that regulates all major newspapers, magazines and news websites. However, it has no statutory powers and has no power to remove a publication from circulation.

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was withdrawn by its Irish distributors for a day to pre-empt a threatened ban due to the inclusion of an advertisement for a UK abortion clinic in that day's issue (despite the advert having appeared on a number of prior occasions without incident).

1645:, applicable only to Christianity and last prosecuted in 1855, was ruled in 1999 to be incompatible with the Constitution's guarantee of religious equality. Since banning blasphemy was mandated by the Constitution, abolishing the offence required a 3490: 1446:

about gardening on radio because a caller was a member of Sinn Féin. The changes eroded liberal interpretations by RTÉ of its censorship responsibilities, afforded by the original 1971 Order, and encouraged a process of illiberal interpretation.

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by the retailer, or guidelines governed by the retailer’s landlord. The only legislation is the Indecent Advertisements Act 1889, which prohibits the display of anything indecent, that affixed to an object that is visible from the street.

1917:, whilst domestically owned retailers sold the uncut versions directly imported from the United States. Games may only be banned if the IFCO judges that it is unfit for viewing, which has happened once to date, with the banning of 2048:

provided for prohibition orders made on the grounds of indecency or obscenity to expire after a period of twelve years. A further prohibition order could then be made by the Censorship of Publications Board in respect of the same

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was an act "to provide for the official censoring of cinematographic pictures and for other matters connected therewith". It established the office of the Official Censor of Films and a Censorship of Films Appeal Board (and see

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Until the early 1990s, discussing abortion in any way, including the provision of impartial information, was disallowed, and any publication providing information on the medical treatment would be confiscated. In the 1980s, the

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and also to the sheets contained within. In the 1980s mail from IRA members imprisoned in Limerick and likely also Portlaoise prisons has been recorded as censored but there is no record of civilian mail censorship since 1945.

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of 9pm, in which programming for a mature audience can be shown. A significant quantity of audio-visual media in Ireland comes directly or indirectly from the United Kingdom, and as such it is subject to British regulation and

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The listing of periodicals under permanent banning orders as of 2007 includes many publications which have ceased to be published, as well as ones which are now sold freely without any realistic chance of prosecution, such as

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as that of Mac Stiofáin. Mac Stiofáin was convicted in any case. On appeal by O'Kelly to the Supreme Court a fine was substituted as a means purging O'Kelly's contempt. The fine was paid anonymously and O'Kelly was released.

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to be held five months later. RTÉ said O'Toole was therefore a Sinn Féin spokesperson, irrespective of the capacity in which he was to be interviewed or the proposed interview's distant relationship with a future election.

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was censored in the U.S. between 1921 and 1934, and the UK between 1922 and 1936, the Censorship of Publications Board never banned it. When the British government in 1985 censor the publication of the memoirs of the

1974:, the Irish Association of Adult Shops to establish such a licensing system in Ireland. This is mainly so to restrict the development of such establishments near schools. As of 2024, no such licensing system exists. 1285:. RTÉ settled the three parties with an 85 thousand euro pre-court settlement. Nevertheless, the pre-court settlement itself was harshly criticised by members of Oireachtas especially civil rights campaigner senator 1519: 2745: 2011:

was appointed in 1926 to report on the effectiveness of the censorship laws. It concluded that the then-current censorship laws were inadequate, and that the government had a duty to ban "morally corrupting"

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In the past, references to records or songs being "banned" in Ireland refer to one or more radio stations refusing to play the songs rather than any legislative ban, although before 1989 it may have been a

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blocked insurers and banks from making any critical statements containing "any references" to them by means either of "public press statements" or un-approved public references, whether "written or oral."

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by Jean Martin due repeat references of raping a ten-year-old minor. In February 2017, a man from County Clare was charged with possession of book in question, making first such charge in twenty years.

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any matter that could be calculated to promote the aims or activities of any organisation which engages in, promotes, encourages or advocates the attaining of any particular objectives by violent means

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have editorial guidelines. News, current affairs programmes and chat shows are like newspapers, in that they are pretty much free to broadcast on anything, provided they don't break Ireland's strict

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led to the internment of IRA members, again under the Offences against the State Act, and their mail was overtly censored between 1957 and 1960 most often with an Irish language censor mark reading

1954:. Compared to the United Kingdom, where if a retailer who wishes to sell any kind of pornographic material such as magazines and DVDs, is required by law to be licensed by the local council with a 323: 1420:

sufficiently disciplining broadcasters the government accused of breaching the Order. RTÉ's Kevin O'Kelly had reported on an interview that he conducted with the (Provisional) IRA Chief of Staff,

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had their mail censored, even local mail, though they are known to have posted their letters outside the camp to try to evade the camp oversight. IRA internees' mail was also censored under the

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of music known as the "ban on Jazz" (with an exceptionally wide definition of what constituted "jazz"). Such bans only served to further increase listenership to foreign radio stations (such as

1958:. By contrast, Irish retailers can sell any adult material provided it is legal. Also where in Great Britain, the shop windows of such retailers must be frosted or covered up as required under 745:

Supreme Court, many believed that the protection was restricted to "convictions and opinions" and, as a result, a separate right to communicate was, by necessity, implied into Article 40.3.2.

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Unlike most other countries, the Film Classification Office have little involvement in computer game censorship. This led to an unusual situation where in 1997 the British-owned retailer

2317: 2083: 1609: 851:. Given the status of the ASA some advertisers choose to continually ignore its rulings by running controversial advertisements purely to draw attention to their products and services. 1760:

Censorship of mail in Ireland goes back to, at least, the 1660s and possibly earlier. Both overt and covert censorship of Irish mail took place, mainly in England and sometimes using

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gave the official government response to a report on the blasphemy issue by the Constitutional Convention, announcing that it had decided to hold a referendum on the issue.

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currently has a ban on all domain names it considers "offensive or contrary to public policy or generally accepted principles of morality". In particular, the domains

982:(Amendment) Act of 1951, the Director of Film Classification at the Irish Film Classification Office may ban public display of films considered to be obscene, and the 4081: 2737: 1823:

to target certain mail, the small staff were unable to effect 100% censorship; however, continental European mail was all reviewed, as was all incoming and outbound

3164: 1649:. Since it was deemed by the government of the time that a referendum solely for that purpose "would rightly be seen as a time wasting and expensive exercise", the 838:

received an 18 certificate in Ireland due to its themes of abortion and incest, although in other countries, such as the UK, the film received a 12 certificate.

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of being homophobic. The three parties collectively threaten RTÉ with libel action, and forced the broadcaster to remove the clip from the catch-up service the

249: 3705: 4378: 3338: 2447: 1530: 832:, previously known as the Irish Film Censors Office until 2008, heavily cut films and videos for rental release, or placed high age ratings on them. In 2000 749: 2289: 2226: 4411:

Survey on attitudes of Dublin Population to Section 31 of the Broadcasting Act, Niall Meehan, Jean Horgan, Dublin City University monograph, January 1987

1128: 1122: 983: 868: 848: 823: 756: 295: 3195: 2832: 752:, all of the rights afforded by the European Convention serve as a guideline for the judiciary to act upon. The act is subordinate to the constitution. 2767: 3679: 3618: 2056:

deleted references to "the unnatural prevention of conception" in the Censorship of Publications Act 1929 and the Censorship of Publications Act 1946.

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Envelope from Dublin to USA showing a bilingual Irish censor handstamp used 8 September 1939, just six days after the enabling legislation was enacted

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laws. They are also required to be objective and broadcast a range of political viewpoints. Television companies since 2005, voluntary have put a

3473:'RTE Staff Information Bulletin: opposing 1992 High Court ruling liberalising RTE's internal Section 31 censorship regime (Larry O'Toole case)', 1254: 2470: 4437: 875:

and by members of the public. Until the late 1980s a large number of (mainly foreign) newspaper and magazines were banned in Ireland including

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regularly prevents public commenters from commenting in ongoing court cases, as they may break the country's strict contempt of court laws.

3583: 1959: 1807:. Civilian mail was controlled by the approximately 200 censors who worked in Dublin's Exchequer Street and who had all been vetted by the 4383: 2793: 2563: 2358: 1870: 1511: 669: 518: 282: 3898: 2649: 1684: 1442:

even if the subject was unrelated to the IRA campaign in Northern Ireland conflict. On one occasion that led to the interruption of a

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Under the Video Recordings Act 1989, works that are concerned with religion, music or sport may be exempt from classification, thus

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does not include an organisation or cult— (a) the principal object of which is the making of profit, or (b) that employs oppressive

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which easily spills over to Ireland, which enables many in the country to watch or listen many major British broadcasters like the

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Whilst still theoretically censorable, newspapers and magazines are free to publish anything which does not break Ireland's tough

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The State shall not impose any disabilities or make any discrimination on the ground of religious profession, belief or status."

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dealt with the preservation of the State in time of war and contained provisions relating to the censorship of communications,

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publications, a type which were once illegal due to a perceived risk of glorifying or encouraging criminal behaviour. In 2011,

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suggested that the blasphemy provision of the Defamation Act 2009 should be applied to any media outlet reproducing cartoons

1315: 1290: 662: 476: 436: 375: 4054: 2509: 1021: 4374: 1474:). Due to public opposition the proposed provisions were amended to remove the perceived threat to newspapers. The 1973-77 4625: 4620: 4493: 4085: 1927: 940: 544: 425: 355: 1772:, marked as censored and sometimes opened. This was the first recorded such action within the new independent state. The 1741: 1020:

broadcasting rules regarding language and suitability when broadcasting on the radio. For example, in 2017 radio station

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which deals with film, video and occasionally computer games. All three bodies get their authority from the government’s

4352: 2007: 1950:. Since then, Ireland unusually doesn't have any kind of licensing system or rules governing the sale of pornography or 1450:

Also in 1976, O'Brien attempted to extend censorship to newspaper coverage of the 'Troubles' by targeting in particular

1204:(BAI) until 2023. It is the body that is authorised to regulated what can be broadcast on radio and TV on behalf of the 965: 834: 645: 561: 202: 4032: 1899:

ran a late-night music programme, which quite often showed uncensored music videos containing large amounts of nudity.

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CC BY 4.0, the copyright does limit on the use of this footage, including a prohibition of its use in the context of

2619: 1930:, but places no legal powers on its age recommendations. Retailers may attempt to enforce them at their discretion. 1713:

A defendant's lawyer would argue the definition of "grossly", "thereby causing", "outrage" and "substantial number".

4776: 4728: 4430: 2980: 1723: 1405: 1293:. RTÉ's head of television defended the pay-out stating that it saved RTÉ "an absolute multiple" in the long term. 1174: 1056: 493: 365: 245: 241: 3330: 2439: 1985: 1518:, though not unanimously. The Section 31 broadcasting ban lapsed on 19 January 1994 because it was not renewed by 1421: 4733: 4685: 4585: 4393: 2025: 1955: 1804: 1577: 1552: 1314:

The Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 was passed by 78–71 in December 2010 in partial response to the

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for publishing telephone numbers for abortion clinics in the United Kingdom. On one occasion British newspaper

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may prohibit the sale and distribution of books and periodicals if they are found to be obscene. In the 1960s,

523: 120: 4655: 4615: 4595: 4766: 4786: 4771: 4718: 4590: 1792: 1631: 1604: 1585: 1438: 1302: 1274: 1245: 1197: 1017: 760: 729: 611: 551: 503: 498: 395: 276: 261: 166: 100: 4463: 3671: 3608: 4781: 4670: 4665: 4640: 4630: 4610: 4498: 3792:. Munich: Forschungs- und Arbeitsgemeinschaft Irland e.V. im Bund Deutsche Philatelisten e.V. p. 125. 3091: 2234: 1688: 1677: 1548: 626: 571: 443: 415: 410: 360: 266: 145: 4756: 4600: 4278: 915:. A large proportion of the banning orders date from the 1950s or before; and a similar proportion cover 4695: 4645: 4605: 4558: 4553: 4543: 4528: 4523: 4518: 4503: 4488: 4483: 4473: 4468: 4458: 4423: 4387: 4343: 4183: 4133: 3640: 2687: 2354: 1333: 1102: 872: 621: 616: 576: 508: 453: 400: 380: 330: 235: 217: 212: 197: 192: 177: 135: 125: 115: 105: 95: 90: 85: 52: 2409: 2099:(d) the Regulation of Information (Services outside the State for Termination of Pregnancies) Act 1995. 4107: 1090:

in 9 August 1985. It wasn't overturned until the album was re-released by his record company in 2004.

4723: 4690: 4680: 4660: 4650: 4635: 4580: 4548: 4533: 4508: 3447: 3226:"Extent of Lenihan's new powers on show as reporters excluded from AIB court hearing | Newswhip" 2955: 2136:

Items in the Index between 1600 and 1966 are listed in: Jesús Martínez de Bujanda, Marcella Richter;

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This article is about censorship in the Republic of Ireland. For censorship in Northern Ireland, see

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The judge would need to be satisfied the matter is "abusive and insulting" as distinct from opinion.

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given that the only legal broadcasting stations in Ireland were those operated by state broadcaster

4675: 4570: 4252: 3514:"Dublin lifts broadcast ban on Sinn Féin: Whitehall says decision on British law will have to wait" 3388: 1939: 1866: 1369: 1138: 1110: 690: 538: 513: 488: 448: 385: 349: 335: 317: 271: 160: 62: 42: 4234: 3998: 3543: 2657: 1783: 17: 4328: 4322: 4314: 4307: 3848: 3613: 3578: 2339: 1653:

was filled in 2009 by a new offence of "publication or utterance of blasphemous matter", against

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was still, theoretically, banned when it ceased publication in 2011. Similarly, the news website

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which deals with written media like newspapers, magazines and books; the broadcasting regulator

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Judicial interpretation of "held sacred" and "any religion" could render the Act unenforceable.

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which can ban publications based on obscenity or indecency. The most notable ban was the novel

809:. The country is ranked Good over the last five years, and is currently in 2024 ranked eighth. 3952: 3888: 3828: 3768: 3369: 2068:

Regulation of Information (Services Outside the State for Termination of Pregnancies) Act 1995

2030: 1971: 1853: 1796: 1658: 1642: 1349: 1323: 1319: 1221: 1142: 1083: 946: 934: 883: 864: 725: 4332: 3882: 4405: 4360: 3280: 3032:"BAI Code Of Fairness, Objectivity And Impartiality In News And Current Affairs Implemented" 2238: 1991: 1365: 1278: 1098: 791: 1962:, no such requirements exist in Ireland. Any rules governing shop displays are more due to 736:. However the article qualifies this right, providing that it may not be used to undermine 4356: 3395: 2296: 1963: 1908: 1765: 1692: 1670: 1665: 1458: 1452: 1164: 702: 3251: 2859:"Man charged with possession of first book to be banned in Ireland in nearly two decades" 1241: 911: 3005: 1039:

from an afternoon programme's playlist due to the song's "drug references and cursing".

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In general, music is not censored in Ireland although broadcasters follow the ombudsman

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on its banning in 1942. Book bans were significantly reduced when the authority of the

1036: 1032: 978: 775: 2593: 2440:"Post Office (Amendment) Act 1951: Section 13, Offences in connection with telephones" 1834:

The military internees, British, German and a few of other nationalities, held in the

4817: 4399: 3293:"OIREACHTAS (OPEN DATA) PSI LICENCE" (Document). Houses of Oireachtas. 27 March 2016. 2313: 1896: 1761: 1657:

religion, under the Defamation Act 2009, section 36. The law included the offence of

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Due to Ireland’s old conservative censorship laws on pornography and the country's

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in Northern Ireland, from 1968 to 1994, censorship was used principally to prevent

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which deals with electronic media like radio, television and the internet and

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it was not applicable in Ireland and the controversy made the book a bestseller.

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didn't exist until the establishment of Utopia in February 1991 in the town of

4209:"Carol Hunt: It isn't the 1950s but we must licence sex shops and strip clubs" 3852: 3609:"Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018: Section 5, Repeals" 3141: 3116: 1777: 1646: 1635: 1589: 1357: 1262: 1258: 1217: 1179: 1094: 1044: 916: 891:'s ban was lifted in 1995, while on the other hand the British edition of the 4369:"Film Censor" (1990–2008) and "Irish Film Classification Office" (since 2009) 3825:

Ireland's Transition: The Postal History of the Transitional Period 1922–1925

3092:"Part of The Saturday Night Show removed from RTÉ Player over 'legal issues'" 709:. The church had banned many books and theories for centuries, listed in the 4349: 4024: 3365: 1919: 1820: 1816: 1627: 1475: 740:. Furthermore, the constitution explicitly requires that the publication of 734:"The right of the citizens to express freely their convictions and opinions" 3544:"Dáil Éireann debate - Adjournment Debate. - Non-Distribution of Newspaper" 2093:(b) sections 7 (b) and 9 (1)(b) of the Censorship of Publications Act 1946; 2002:

to extend the legislation to "vocal or other sounds" accompanying pictures.

1233:. British audio-visual media is not regulated by Coimisiún na Meán, but by 961:

has been banned since 1935, and these publications can now be freely sold.

2114:(b) amended section 3 (2) of the Censorship of Films (Amendment) Act 1925; 1887:

the only Irish regulated broadcasters regularly showing music videos were

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for its coverage of the maltreatment of republican prisoners by the Garda

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What We Do > Other Regulatory Functions > Censorship/Classification

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contempt because he refused to identify a voice on a tape seized by the

4415: 1951: 1824: 1581: 1029: 877: 2090:(a) sections 16 and 17 (1) of the Censorship of Publications Act 1929; 3921: 3474: 2310:"Censored: The 274 books and magazines still banned in Ireland today" 2175: 2111:(a) amended section 7 (2)(a)(ii) of the Censorship of Films Act 1923; 1998:, in connection with advertisements for films. It was amended by the 1596: 1269:

O'Neill commented in his opinion, that the religious think tank, the

1051:. In the 1930s there was even a short-lived airplay ban on an entire 927:

successfully appealed against the ban on five of their publications;

4134:"Sex establishment / sex cinema licence (Northern Ireland) - GOV.UK" 2712: 1048: 755:

Censorship in the country is primarily managed by three bodies; the

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The Troubles: Ireland's ordeal, 1966–1996, and the search for peace

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Pornography that includes any participants being beneath the Irish

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Taste and Decency: a review of national and international practice

1923:

on 18 June 2007, over two weeks before its launch date of 6 July.

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s.36 could be held to be in breach of 44.2.1° of the Constitution

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The Troubles: RTÉ and Section 31 of the Broadcasting Authority Act

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lobbied the Irish government to have pornography banned outright.

860: 3196:"Watchdog puts muzzle on critical statements issued by the banks" 2794:"Rebel songs dropped by Aer Lingus after complaint, says UUP man" 4057:. Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform. Archived from 3487:"Decision in case No. 15404/89: Betty Purcell et al.'v' Ireland" 2930: 2738:"Belfast Irish language rappers Kneecap banned by radio station" 1206:

Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media

1101:

that was offered for its passengers, after a complaint from the

769:

Department of Tourism, Culture, Arts, Gaeltacht, Sport and Media

4419: 4359:— lists digitised versions of annual reports via the following 2383: 1673:

described the new law as "wretched, backward and uncivilised".

3362:

New Sinn Féin: Irish republicanism in the twenty-first century

2106:

Blasphemy (Abolition of Offences and Related Matters) Act 2019

1213: 1170: 787: 774:

Due to the country's geographic and cultural closeness to the

4346:

website; links to most recent list of prohibited publications

3165:"Taoiseach dismisses call to make RTÉ answerable to the Dáil" 2981:"Virgin Media Television Brand and Commissioning Guidelines" 1360:. Although the copyright of footage is under a version of a 4159:"All the Questions You Wanted to Ask About Irish Sex Shops" 2906:"Controversial book goes on sale in Ireland - UPI Archives" 2117:(c) repealed sections 36 and 37 of the Defamation Act 2009. 1970:

There have been calls by both local residents and the then

1888: 1720:

Further, a "religion" is further defined in s.36 (4); it –

1322:

and approved allowing a transfer of over €3.7 billion into

2833:"Censorship board bans book for the first time since 1998" 2384:"Press Council of Ireland - Office of the Press Ombudsman" 1127:

Like magazines and newspapers, books can be banned by the

4366:"censorship of publications board" (most years 1946–1981) 4082:"IFCO: Irish Film Classification Office – NEWS FROM IFCO" 3398:

by Brian Fallon, guardian.co.uk, Friday 19 December 2008.

1478:/Labour Coalition Government also tried to prosecute the 3283:

Irish edition, business section, 2 January 2011, page 4.

2713:"Coimisiún na Meán | Broadcasting & Video On Demand" 2471:"New law on offensive text messages sees 330 prosecuted" 2096:(c) section 10 of the Health (Family Planning) Act 1979; 2084:

Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018

1610:

Health (Regulation of Termination of Pregnancy) Act 2018

738:"public order or morality or the authority of the State" 871:

reviews newspapers and magazines referred to it by the

2770:. The Dublin People: Northside East. 2 February 2016. 2202:"About Us - Advertising Standards Authority | Ireland" 1352:, and various Oireachtas Committees are broadcast on 1082:

which was released in 1984, was banned on grounds of

3735:

Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government

3331:"Section 31 of the Broadcasting Authority Act, 1960" 3064:. Broadcasting Commission of Ireland. Archived from 2267:. Dublin: Irish Censorship Board. 31 December 2007. 1865:

Since the 1990s, Ireland has rapidly developed from

4795: 4747: 4709: 4451: 1503:was not permitted to talk on RTÉ about a strike in 2768:"The story of Christy Moore and the Stardust song" 1698:The text of the 2009 Act defined the crime where: 1437:In 1976, Labour Minister for Posts and Telegraphs 4255:. Attorney General of Ireland. 3 September 1939. 3999:"Irish Statute Book - Video Recordings Act, 1989" 3672:"Blasphemy law a return to middle ages – Dawkins" 3489:. European Court of Human Rights. 16 April 1991. 2151:"Bunreacht na hÉireann - Constitution of Ireland" 3827:. Dublin: MacDonnell Whyte Ltd. pp. 94–97. 3767:. Dublin: MacDonnell Whyte Ltd. pp. 5, 11. 3603: 3601: 1332:reporters were expelled from the court by judge 778:, Ireland has considerable strong access to the 4235:"No Government decision on sex shop regulation" 1244:, during an interview on the RTÉ One talk show 651:Internet censorship and surveillance by country 4402:'s experience with the Irish censorship system 3252:"Dáil Éireann debate - Wednesday, 15 Dec 2010" 2063:regulates the broadcast and the sale of videos 1462:reporter Bernard Nossiter, O'Brien identified 4431: 4406:Sunday Times article on Irish Censor's office 3876: 3874: 2594:"Church insisted on pornography ban in 1960s" 1560:Society for the Protection of Unborn Children 1154:Publications Board has issued a book ban for 670: 8: 4379:International Freedom of Expression Exchange 3436: 3434: 3432: 1630:was prohibited by Article 40.6.1°.i. of the 1520:Minister for Arts, Culture and the Gaeltacht 1310:Credit Institutions (Stabilisation) Act 2010 1196:Broadcasting in Ireland is regulated by the 750:European Convention on Human Rights Act 2003 3411:By Tim Pat Coogan, Palgrave MacMillan, 2002 710: 4438: 4424: 4416: 3423:Irish Media: A Critical History Since 1922 3304:Oireachtas, Houses of the (28 July 2022). 2680:"Censorship shock: no porn allowed on net" 2596:. Thomas Crosbie Media. 29 December 2006. 1764:, from then through the 19th century. The 1123:Book censorship in the Republic of Ireland 824:Film censorship in the Republic of Ireland 677: 663: 37: 4055:"Censorship Classifications: Video Games" 3803: 3801: 3799: 2821:. Oireachtas. 11 March 2016. p. 388. 2000:Censorship of Films (Amendment) Act 1930 1996:Censorship of Films (Amendment) Act 1925 1842:that had been in place since June 1939. 1525:, eight months prior to the August 1994 1393:(RTÉ) interviews with spokespersons for 1240:In January 2014 in an incident known as 2408:(eISB), electronic Irish Statute Book. 2129: 1063:) in Ireland, and led to the growth of 855:Newspapers, magazines and news websites 794:. In due course, regulations regarding 637: 69: 51: 3790:The Military Postal History of Ireland 3586:from the original on 18 September 2019 3341:from the original on 25 September 2020 2410:"electronic Irish Statute Book (eISB)" 1669:any resulting legal action. Scientist 1408:. It instructed RTÉ not to broadcast, 728:is protected by Article 40.6.1 of the 4824:Censorship in the Republic of Ireland 4384:Censorship of publications in Ireland 4259:from the original on 27 November 2007 3928:from the original on 12 November 2020 3455:from the original on 16 November 2018 3232:from the original on 28 December 2010 3175:from the original on 23 February 2014 3090:O'Carroll, Sinead (15 January 2014). 3056:Quinn, Ruth-Blandina (January 2005). 2650:"Backwards Ireland: .IE Domain Names" 2481:from the original on 16 November 2018 2364:from the original on 16 November 2017 2340:"Censorship of Publications Act 1946" 2320:from the original on 16 November 2018 1911:sold the British censored version of 1208:. All three major TV companies; RTÉ, 7: 4285:from the original on 5 February 2015 4035:from the original on 28 October 2017 3744:from the original on 19 October 2019 3651:from the original on 22 January 2011 3554:from the original on 6 November 2019 3206:from the original on 20 October 2012 2774:from the original on 3 February 2016 2500:Irish Films, Classification Office. 2347:Iris Oifigiúil (Irish State gazette) 1960:Indecent Displays (Control) Act 1981 1799:took place under the control of the 1093:In 2003, the Irish national carrier 4184:"Indecent Advertisements Act, 1889" 4108:"No sex shops please, we're Irish!" 3972:Office, Irish Film Classification. 3859:from the original on 4 January 2015 3812:. UK: Civil Censorship Study Group. 3524:from the original on 11 August 2016 3262:from the original on 6 January 2011 2884:"Ireland set for festival of Joyce" 2857:Deegan, Gordon (22 February 2017). 2748:from the original on 1 January 2018 2420:from the original on 7 January 2019 2245:from the original on 2 January 2020 2046:Censorship of Publications Act 1967 2038:Censorship of Publications Act 1946 2017:Censorship of Publications Act 1929 1871:deeply religious Catholic-dominated 1803:whose powers were conferred by the 1776:also opened mail and censorship of 1512:European Commission of Human Rights 1491:similar rules between 1988 and 1994 1486:, with the paper winning the case. 1273:, and two conservative journalists 1184:on the grounds of national security 988:Roman Catholic Archbishop of Dublin 798:are indirectly enabled in Ireland. 3765:A History of The Irish Post Office 3475:https://www.academia.edu/25202543/ 2469:Examiner, Irish (11 August 2008). 1685:Islamic Cultural Centre of Ireland 1499:operated at all times in Ireland. 25: 18:Section 31 of the Broadcasting Act 4279:"Defamation Act 2009, Section 36" 4031:. British Board of Film Censors. 3901:from the original on 21 June 2013 3682:from the original on 26 July 2011 3621:from the original on 17 June 2019 3512:Murdoch, Alan (12 January 1994). 3493:from the original on 7 March 2012 3443:"How RTÉ censored its censorship" 3140:Broadsheet Ie (3 February 2014). 3118:Senator David Norris - 04/02/2014 3036:Broadcasting Authority of Ireland 2600:from the original on 10 June 2015 2574:from the original on 16 June 2018 2543:from the original on 3 April 2018 2054:Health (Family Planning) Act 1979 1545:Irish Family Planning Association 1403:Minister for Posts and Telegraphs 1202:Broadcasting Authority of Ireland 1192:Radio and television broadcasting 805:, Ireland is noted highly on the 4313:Censorship of Publications Acts 3978:Irish Film Classification Office 3884:Censorship in Ireland, 1939–1945 2450:from the original on 3 June 2019 2271:from the original on 27 May 2011 1850:Ceadaithe ag an gCinsire Mileata 1129:Censorship of Publications Board 984:Censorship of Publications Board 964:The press in Ireland is however 869:Censorship of Publications Board 849:Censorship of Publications Board 830:Irish Film Classification Office 765:Irish Film Classification Office 757:Censorship of Publications Board 61: 31:Censorship in the United Kingdom 3641:"McAleese signs Bills into law" 3441:Meehan, Niall (20 April 2003). 3389:Conor Cruise O'Brien – Obituary 2206:Advertising Standards Authority 742:"seditious, or indecent matter" 3728:"Referendum Results 1937–2019" 3670:Healy, Alison (13 July 2009). 2931:"Coimisiún na Meán | About us" 1852:applied to the outside of the 1840:Offences against the State Act 1809:G2 Directorate of Intelligence 1780:' mail in prisons took place. 1558:were successfully sued by the 1326:, then an insolvent bank. Two 1316:post-2008 Irish banking crisis 1: 3951:. Brandon Press. p. 94. 3810:Censorship of Mail in Ireland 3194:Noonan, Laura (3 July 2009). 2071:the termination of pregnancy. 1895:. However, for several years 1831:for internal mail oversight. 1109:, saying it was offensive to 1078:on the album Ordinary Man by 782:. This is especially true in 4350:Oireachtas Library Catalogue 4281:. Oireachtas. 23 July 2009. 3788:Kumpf, Heinz-Jürgen (2008). 2564:"Censorship of Publications" 2078:which defines such offences. 2033:, newspapers and periodicals 2008:Committee on Evil Literature 1986:Censorship of Films Act 1923 1978:Irish statutes on censorship 1489:The United Kingdom operated 1358:Houses of Oireachtas website 1141:which was questioned in the 847:This power is vested in the 646:Freedom of speech by country 4253:"Emergency Powers Act 1939" 3881:Ó Drisceoil, Donal (1996). 3849:"Emergency Powers Act 1939" 2299:, Sun Journal - 27 Sep 1995 2290:Censors lift ban on Playboy 1151:Index Librorum Prohibitorum 713:Index Librorum Prohibitorum 4845: 3920:McNamara, Matthew (2008). 3763:Reynolds, Mairead (1983). 2568:www.citizensinformation.ie 2537:www.citizensinformation.ie 2357:: 1623. 25 November 2011. 2138:Index des livres interdits 1994:). It was amended by the 1724:psychological manipulation 1619: 1592:, he avoided prosecution. 1538:Abortion and birth control 1120: 996:The government-controlled 821: 28: 4327:Censorship of Films Acts 4084:. Ifco.ie. Archived from 3922:"K-Lines Internment Camp" 3887:. Cork University Press. 3425:. Routledge. p. 118. 2956:"Policies and guidelines" 2180:Reporters Without Borders 2061:Video Recordings Act 1989 2026:Emergency Powers Act 1939 1956:sex establishment licence 1805:Emergency Powers Act 1939 1661:. It was never enforced. 1553:University College Dublin 1336:just before the hearing. 925:Paul Raymond Publications 4025:"What is classification" 3823:Dulin, Cyril I. (1992). 3548:Houses of the Oireachtas 3143:Panti Goes To Strasbourg 3030:baiadmin (2 July 2013). 2562:Citizen's, Information. 2531:Citizen's, Information. 1749:constitutional amendment 1622:Blasphemy law in Ireland 1376:Formerly censored topics 1362:Creative Commons licence 1200:, formerly known as the 1156:The Raped Little Runaway 1111:Northern Irish unionists 1022:RTÉ Raidió na Gaeltachta 1008:are known to be banned. 4003:www.irishstatutebook.ie 3947:Dwyer, T. Ryle (1995). 3702:"BUNREACHT NA hÉIREANN" 3360:Maillot, Agnès (2005). 2985:Virgin Media Television 2701:(subscription required) 2444:www.irishstatutebook.ie 2414:www.irishstatutebook.ie 2155:www.irishstatutebook.ie 1926:Ireland is a member of 1768:saw mail raided by the 1605:Constitution of Ireland 1584:record; because of his 1456:; In an interview with 1424:, on the Radio Éireann 1391:Raidió Teilifís Éireann 1303:Central Bank of Ireland 1297:Central Bank of Ireland 1210:Virgin Media Television 4494:Bosnia and Herzegovina 4355:26 August 2018 at the 4023:BBFC Classifications. 3394:7 January 2017 at the 3006:"Corporate Governance" 2620:"Naming Policy - IEDR" 2295:2 January 2020 at the 2140:, Librairie Droz, 2002 1788: 1747:On 26 October 2018, a 1549:Trinity College Dublin 1097:dropped a playlist of 711: 4375:Censorship in Ireland 4344:Department of Justice 4029:What Classifications? 3808:Moxter, Hans (2003). 3421:Horgan, John (2001). 3256:debates.oireachtas.ie 2533:"Censorship of films" 2475:www.irishexaminer.com 2355:Government of Ireland 2241:. 27 September 1995. 2227:"Censors lift ban on 1867:socially conservative 1801:Department of Defence 1786: 1334:Maureen Harding Clark 921:softcore pornographic 912:Health and Efficiency 873:Revenue Commissioners 835:The Cider House Rules 54:Censorship by country 4446:Censorship in Europe 4386:— from the official 3855:. 3 September 1939. 3617:. 20 December 2018. 3448:Sunday Business Post 3258:. 15 December 2010. 3153:– via YouTube. 3129:– via YouTube. 1948:Bray, County Wicklow 1829:Minister for Justice 1601:fourteenth amendment 1439:Conor Cruise O'Brien 1134:The Tailor and Ansty 1074:They never came home 991:John Charles McQuaid 796:censorship in the UK 597:United Arab Emirates 4710:States with limited 4395:Tales out of school 4390:information website 4088:on 20 November 2007 3949:Guests of the State 3171:. 5 February 2014. 2388:www.presscouncil.ie 2076:Defamation Act 2009 1972:industry trade body 1940:social conservatism 1846:The Border Campaign 1793:1939–1945 Emergency 1683:, Ali Selim of the 1664:The advocacy group 1595:In the wake of the 1588:as a member of the 1370:light entertainment 1344:Proceedings of the 1250:Saturday Night Show 923:magazine publisher 807:Press Freedom Index 246:Democratic Republic 4829:Culture of Ireland 4308:Irish Statute Book 4188:Irish Statute Book 4163:universitytimes.ie 4114:. 19 February 2012 3614:Irish Statute Book 3579:Irish Statute Book 2660:on 6 February 2007 2624:IE Domain Registry 1789: 1701:cause such outrage 1689:depicting Muhammad 1586:absolute privilege 1574:Proinsias De Rossa 1531:European elections 1523:Michael D. Higgins 1516:Purcell v. Ireland 1514:upheld the ban in 1340:Oireachtas footage 1301:In July 2009, the 1162:While Irish novel 1086:by a judge of the 1065:Irish pirate radio 1024:removed the track 998:IE Domain Registry 942:Club International 813:Current censorship 784:broadcasting media 730:Irish constitution 4811: 4810: 4213:Irish Independent 3894:978-1-85918-074-7 3708:on 5 October 2009 3310:www.oireachtas.ie 3200:Irish Independent 3121:. 4 February 2014 2935:Coimisiún na Meán 2717:Coimisiún na Meán 2512:on 29 August 2017 1861:Unusual omissions 1797:postal censorship 1742:Aodhán Ó Ríordáin 1739:Minister of State 1737:In October 2014, 1659:blasphemous libel 1643:blasphemous libel 1632:1937 Constitution 1422:Seán Mac Stíofáin 1324:Allied Irish Bank 1320:Brian Lenihan Jnr 1222:contempt of court 1198:Coimisiún na Meán 1099:Irish rebel songs 1084:contempt of court 1018:Coimisiún na Meán 893:News of the World 884:News of the World 865:contempt of court 761:Coimisiún na Meán 726:Freedom of speech 697:dogma, including 687: 686: 283:Dutch East Indies 16:(Redirected from 4836: 4748:Dependencies and 4452:Sovereign states 4440: 4433: 4426: 4417: 4388:Irish government 4295: 4294: 4292: 4290: 4275: 4269: 4268: 4266: 4264: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4231: 4225: 4224: 4222: 4220: 4205: 4199: 4198: 4196: 4194: 4180: 4174: 4173: 4171: 4169: 4155: 4149: 4148: 4146: 4144: 4130: 4124: 4123: 4121: 4119: 4112:Come Here To Me! 4104: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4068: 4066: 4051: 4045: 4044: 4042: 4040: 4020: 4014: 4013: 4011: 4009: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3986: 3984: 3969: 3963: 3962: 3944: 3938: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3924:. curragh.info. 3917: 3911: 3910: 3908: 3906: 3878: 3869: 3868: 3866: 3864: 3845: 3839: 3838: 3820: 3814: 3813: 3805: 3794: 3793: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3749: 3743: 3732: 3724: 3718: 3717: 3715: 3713: 3704:. 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2675: 2672: 2659: 2655: 2651: 2645: 2642: 2630:on 9 May 2015 2629: 2625: 2621: 2615: 2612: 2599: 2595: 2589: 2586: 2573: 2569: 2565: 2558: 2555: 2542: 2538: 2534: 2527: 2524: 2511: 2507: 2503: 2502:"LEGISLATION" 2496: 2493: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2465: 2462: 2449: 2445: 2441: 2435: 2432: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2404: 2401: 2389: 2385: 2379: 2376: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2341: 2335: 2332: 2319: 2315: 2314:TheJournal.ie 2311: 2305: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2291: 2286: 2283: 2270: 2266: 2260: 2257: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2230: 2222: 2219: 2207: 2203: 2197: 2194: 2181: 2177: 2171: 2168: 2156: 2152: 2146: 2143: 2139: 2133: 2130: 2123: 2116: 2113: 2110: 2109: 2107: 2103: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2088: 2086: 2085: 2080: 2077: 2073: 2069: 2065: 2062: 2058: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2027: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2009: 2004: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1988: 1987: 1982: 1981: 1977: 1975: 1973: 1968: 1965: 1961: 1957: 1953: 1949: 1945: 1941: 1933: 1931: 1929: 1924: 1922: 1921: 1916: 1915: 1910: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1885: 1877: 1875: 1872: 1868: 1860: 1858: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1843: 1841: 1837: 1832: 1830: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1785: 1781: 1779: 1775: 1774:National Army 1771: 1767: 1763: 1755: 1753: 1750: 1745: 1743: 1740: 1733: 1729: 1727: 1725: 1719: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1705: 1704: 1702: 1696: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1680: 1679:Charlie Hebdo 1674: 1672: 1667: 1662: 1660: 1656: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1623: 1615: 1613: 1611: 1606: 1602: 1598: 1593: 1591: 1587: 1583: 1579: 1575: 1572:In May 1992, 1570: 1567: 1566: 1561: 1557: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1537: 1535: 1532: 1528: 1527:IRA ceasefire 1524: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1508: 1506: 1500: 1497: 1492: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1461: 1460: 1455: 1454: 1448: 1445: 1440: 1435: 1432: 1427: 1423: 1414: 1411: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1406:Gerry Collins 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1380: 1375: 1373: 1371: 1367: 1363: 1359: 1355: 1354:Oireachtas TV 1351: 1347: 1339: 1337: 1335: 1331: 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