Iban people - Knowledge (XXG)

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in his Report on Iban Agriculture, Iban Dayaks used to practice twenty-seven stages of hill rice farming once a year and their shifting cultivation practices allow the forest to regenerate itself rather than to damage the forest, thereby to ensure the continuity and sustainability of forest use and/or survival of the Iban community itself. The Iban Dayaks love virgin forests for their dependency on forests but that is for migration, territorial expansion, and/or fleeing enemies.

454: 1416: 1118:; many continue to observe both Christian and traditional pagan ceremonies, particularly during marriages or festivals, although some ancestral practices such as 'Miring' are still prohibited by certain churches. After being Christianized, the majority of Iban people have changed their traditional name to a Hebrew-based "Christian name" followed by the Ibanese name such as David Dunggau, Joseph Jelenggai, Mary Mayang, etc. 5684: 150: 5672: 104: 5696: 130: 1484:

followed by the enemy, and as soon as they pass the spot where the larger boats are hidden, they are attacked by them in the rear, while the smaller canoes, which have acted as decoys, turn and join in the fight. The rivers bends are chosen for this kind of attack, the overhanging branches of trees and the dense foliage of the bank affording excellent hiding places for the boats.

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settle any disputes and claims amicably. The territorial domain is a common area where the families of each longhouse are allowed to source for foods and confined themselves without encroachment into domains of other longhouses. The forest reserve is for common use, as a source of natural materials for building longhouse (ramu), boat making, plaiting, etc.

1507:. The Malay pirates and their Dayak allies would wreck and destroy every trading vessel they came across, murder most of the crew who offered any resistance, and the rest were made as slaves. The Dayak would cut off the heads of those who were slain, smoke them over the fire to dry them, and then take them home to treasure as valued possessions. 1574:) at the Battle of Lintang Batang in 1853, above the Skrang fort built by Brooke in 1850. The Brooke government had to launch three successive punitive expeditions against Libau Rentap to conquer his fortress known as Sadok Mount. In total, the Brooke government conducted 52 punitive expeditions against the Iban including one against the Kayan. 1459:

source of fertilizer from the forest itself and the source of water for irrigation is from the rain, hence the cycle of the weather season is important and need to be correctly followed. Trading of sundries, jungle produce or agricultural produce is normally performed by the Chinese who commuted between the town and the location of the shop.

1697:), a 1958 film directed by L. Krishnan based on the novel of the same name by Harun Aminurrashid, tells about an Iban girl, Bintang, who goes against the wishes of her parents and runs off to her Malay lover. The film is the first time a full-length feature film was shot in Sarawak and the first time an Iban woman played the lead character. 1625:(The Star of Valour). Among all the heroes are 21 holders of the Panglima Gagah Berani (PGB) including 2 recipients of the Seri Pahlawan. Of this total, there are 14 Ibans, two Chinese army officers, one Bidayuh, one Kayan and one Malay. But the majority of the Armed Forces are Malays, according to a book – 1170:

Many Christian Dayaks have adopted European names, but some continue to maintain their ancestors' traditional names. Since the conversion of most Iban people to Christianity, some have generally abandoned their ancestors' beliefs such as 'Miring' or the celebration of 'Gawai Antu', and many celebrate

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The Iban Dayak's first direct encounter with the Brooke and his men was in 1843, during the attack by Brooke's forces on the Batang Saribas region i.e. Padeh, Paku, and Rimbas respectively. The finale of this battle was the conference at Nagna Sebuloh to sign a peace Saribas treaty to end piracy and

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Once the Iban migrated into a riverine area, they will divide the area into three basic areas i.e. farming area, territorial domain (pemakai menoa) and forest reserve (pulau galau). The farming area is distributed accordingly to each family based on consensus. The chief and elders are responsible to

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Traditionally, Iban agriculture was based on actual integrated indigenous farming system. Iban Dayaks tend to plant paddy on hill slopes. Agricultural Land in this sense was used and defined primarily in terms of hill rice farming, ladang (garden), and hutan (forest). According to Prof Derek Freeman

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Despite the difference in faiths, Ibans of different faiths do live and help each other regardless of faith but some do split their longhouses due to different faiths or even political affiliations. The Ibans believe in helping and having fun together. Some elder Ibans are worried that among most of

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due to tribal issues. The ancient Iban legend is also being supported by several modern-day linguistic studies by Asmah Haji Omar (1981), Rahim Aman (1997), Chong Shin and James T. Collins (2019) and material cultures by M. Heppell (2020) that traces the Iban language and culture originated from the

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In 1844, Brooke's force attacked Batang Lupar, Batang Undop, and Batang Skrang to defeat the Malay sharifs and Dayak living in these regions. The Malay sharifs were easily defeated at Patusin in Batang Lupar, without a major fight despite their famous reputation and power over the native inlanders.

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The Sea Dayaks, as their name implies, are a maritime set of tribes, and fight chiefly in canoes and boats. One of their favorite tactics is to conceal some of their larger boats, and then to send some small and badly manned canoes forward to attack the enemy to lure them. The canoes then retreat,

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Traditionally, Iban agriculture was based on actual integrated indigenous farming system. Ibans plant hill rice paddies once a year in twenty-seven stages as described by Freeman in his report on Iban Agriculture. Agricultural Land in this sense was used and defined primarily in terms of hill rice

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Each track of virgin forest cleared by each family (rimba) will automatically belong to that family and inherited by its descendants as heirloom (pesaka) unless they migrate to other regions and relinquish their ownership of their land, which is symbolized by a token payment using a simple item in

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The colonial accounts and reports of Dayak activity in Borneo detail carefully cultivated economic and political relationships with other communities as well as an ample body of research and study concerning the history of Dayak migrations. In particular, the Iban or the Sea Dayak exploits in the

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Trading is not a natural activity for the Iban. They did trade paddy for jars or salted fish coming from the sea in the old days but paddy lost its economic value a long time ago. Not much yield can be produced from repetitively replanted areas anyway because their planting relies on the natural

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are also celebrated. Some Ibans are devout Christians and follow the Christian faith strictly. Since conversion to Christianity, some Iban people celebrate their ancestors' pagan festivals using Christian ways and the majority still observe Gawai Dayak (the Dayak Festival), which is a generic

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and territorial migration, and had a fearsome reputation as a strong and successfully warring tribe. Since the arrival for Europeans and the subsequent colonisation of the area, headhunting gradually faded out of practice, although many other tribal customs and practices as well as the

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The whole riverine region can consist of many longhouses and thus the entire region belongs to all of them and they shall defend it against encroachment and attack by outsiders. Those longhouses sharing and living in the same riverine region call themselves shared owners (sepemakai).

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farming, ladang (garden), and hutan (forest). The main stages of the paddy cultivation is followed by the Iban lemambang bards to compose their ritual incantations. The bards also analogizes the headhunting expedition with the paddy cultivation stages. Other crops planted include

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By the end of 1800s, several areas in Sarawak including Batang Lupar, Skrang Valley and Batang Ai were experiencing overpopulation. With several conditions, the Sarawakian government opened several territories for the Iban community. For instance, the government granted the

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Based on the colonial accounts, the migrations during the Brooke rule has generated several complications in the state, as the Ibans can easily exceeded the other pre-existing tribes and caused an unfavorable environmental impact on the land areas originally designated for

635:(MNLA). Typically two would be attached to each infantry patrol as trackers and general assistants, acting as the platoon commander's eyes and ears in this deeply alien environment. News of this was exposed to the public 1952 when the British communist newspaper called 1491:. In the 19th century there was a great deal of piracy, and it was secretly encouraged by the native rulers, who obtained a share of the spoil, and also by the Malays who knew well how to handle a boat. The Malay fleet consisted of a large number of long war boats or 461:

Despite the fact that the early migration created challenges for the Brooke administration, it conversely introduced favorable circumstances. The Ibans and their wide knowledge of the land and forest produce were promoted by Brooke to explore the new areas to seek

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By the 19th century during the Brooke administration, the Ibans started to migrate towards the basin of Rejang via the upper reach of Katibas River, Batang Lupar and Saribas River. From 1870s, it was recorded that a huge populations of Ibans have established near

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The government-sponsored policy has left a positive impact on the spread of Iban language and culture throughout Sarawak. Nonetheless, the migrations have also affected other groups as well, as in the case of the Bukitans in Batang Lupar, where the process of

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Numerous local people and certain missionaries have sought to document and preserve traditional Dayak religious practices. For example, Reverend William Howell contributed numerous articles on the Iban language, lore, and culture between 1909 and 1910 to the

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by the Bukitan leaders has slowly stimulated the whole Batang Lupar Bukitan populations to adopt the Iban way of life, thus assimilating the ethnicity into the Iban community. Some other groups have a more hostile relationship, as in the case of

539:. Brooke undertook operations to suppress Dayak piracy, establishing a secondary objective to put an end to their custom of headhunting as well. During his tenure as Governor, Brooke's most well-known Dayak opponent was the military commander 1577:

The Sarawak Rangers which were mostly Dayak participated in the anti-communist insurgency during the Malayan Emergency between 1948 and 1960. The Sarawak Rangers were despatched by the British to fight during the Brunei Rebellion in 1962.

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However, during the battle of Batang Undop, one of Brooke's men, British Navy officer Mr. Charles Wade was killed in action at the battle of Ulu Undop while chasing the Malay sheriffs upriver. Subsequently, Brooke's Malay force headed by

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Brooke became embroiled in controversy in 1851 when accusations against him of excessive usage of force against the Dayaks, under the guise of anti-piracy operations, ultimately led to the appointment of a Commission of Inquiry in

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and engaging her, with the two boats managing to retreat safely after a few shots were exchanged. The next day, the Dayak ambushed Brooke's pursuing force, killing two of Brooke's Iban entourage before pulling back.

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The Iban are famous for being fearsome warriors in the past in defence of homeland or for migration to virgin territories. Two highly decorated Iban Dayak soldiers from Sarawak in Malaysia are Temenggung Datuk and

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The Brooke administration also assisted the migration of the Ibans northwards during Sarawak's territorial expansion, thus resulting in the Ibans becoming one of the dominant ethnic groups in Sarawak today

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The uncivilized races of men in all countries of the world: being a comprehensive account of their manners and customs, and of their physical, social, mental, moral and religious characteristics volume

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of Skrang (awarded a George Cross). So far, only one Dayak has reached the rank of general in the military, Brigadier-General Stephen Mundaw in the Malaysian Army, who was promoted on 1 November 2010.

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the younger Iban generation, their culture has faded since the conversion to Christianity and the adoption of a more modern life style. Nevertheless, most Iban embrace modern progress and development.

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and established settlement adjacent to the Undop River. In the period of five generations, they expanded towards west, east and north, founding new settlements within the tributaries of Batang Lupar,

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in a desperate attempt to suppress a rebellion against his rule. Brooke aided the Sultan in putting down the rebellion, for which he was made Governor of Sarawak in 1841, being granted the title of

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recorded "Ngajat Tampi" in 2000 and followed by "Tandang Bermadah" in 2002, which are based on traditional Iban music compositions. Both songs became popular in Malaysia and neighbouring countries.

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in 1854. After an investigation, the Commission dismissed the charges. Brooke employed his Dayak troops during other military expeditions, such as those against the Chinese Sarawakian insurgent

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Although Ibans generally speak various dialects which are mutually intelligible, they can be divided into different branches which are named after the geographical areas where they reside.

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There were six holders of Sri Pahlawan (SP) and Panglima Gagah Perkasa from Sarawak, and with the death of Kanang Anak Langkau, there is one SP holder in the person of Sgt. Ngalinuh (an

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For cash, the Ibans find jungle produce to sell at the market or town. Later, they planted rubber, pepper and cocoa. Nowadays, many Ibans work in towns to seek better sources of income.

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South China Seas are documented, owing to their ferocity and aggressive culture of war against sea-dwelling groups and emerging Western trade interests in the 18th and 19th centuries.

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plus its subsequent 1989 film adaptation, American prisoner-of-war Learoyd escapes a Japanese firing squad by hiding in the wilds of Borneo, where he is adopted by an Iban community.

3482: 1499:. Each boat was paddled by from 60 to 80 men. These boats skulked about in the sheltered coves waiting for their prey, and attacked merchant vessels making the passage between 4663: 2206:

Simonson, T. S.; Xing, J.; Barrett, R.; Jerah, E.; Loa, P.; Zhang, Y.; Watkins, W. S.; Witherspoon, D. J.; Huff, C. D.; Woodward, S.; Mowry, B.; Jorde, L. B. (8 April 2023).

478:. This can be seen during the 1890 annexation of Limbang where the Sarawak government trusting on the Ibans to aid its authority. A similar process also took place in Baram. 2928:

No. XV. Sir Murray Maxwell, Knight". The Annual Biography and Obituary. XVI: 220–255. 1832. Retrieved on 25 July 2008. Annual Biography and Obituary, 1832 Vol. XVI, p. 239

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and convert to Islam as a result. Nevertheless, most Iban in Brunei are devout Christians similar to the Iban in Malaysia. Bruneian Ibans also often intermarry with the

2595:"Why is the Iban tribe excluded from the official 'tujuh puak Brunei' (seven tribes of Brunei) and what is their experience being born and raised in Bruneian society?" 1767:

See American writer Terence Clarke’s story collection, The Day Nothing Happened and his novel The King of Rumah Nadai, both of which are placed in Sarawak, Malaysia.

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is a 1987 film directed by Stephen Teo, notable for being the first film to be made in the Iban language and also the first Malaysian film to be selected for the

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Wadley, Reed L. (2007). "Slashed and burned: war, environment, and resource insecurity in West Borneo during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries".

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occupied Borneo and treated all of the indigenous peoples poorly – massacres of the Malay and Dayak peoples were common, especially among the Dayaks of the

1305: 614:. This army of tribesmen killed or captured some 1,500 Japanese soldiers and provided the Allies with vital intelligence about Japanese-held oil fields. 2045: 1378:(finish the wood). Among well-known ritual motifs are Gajah Meram (Brooding Elephant), Tiang Sandong (Ritual Pole), Meligai (Shrine) and Tiang Ranyai. 398:(1968), the period of Iban migrations from the Kapuas Hulu Range were determined to commenced from the 1750s. These settlers were identified to enter 340:, Despite the fact being referred as Sea Dayaks due to their maritime skills, the Ibans are originally an interior ethnic group from the headwater of 3475: 1452:, millet and cotton (tayak). Downriver Iban plant wet rice paddy at the low-lying riverine areas which are beyond the reach of the salt water tide. 1196: 5484: 4656: 2702: 2353: 1558:. They then landed on the Beting Maru sandbar and retreated to their villages, with two Dayak boats acting as a diversion by sailing towards the 652:

confirmed to Parliament that the Ibans were indeed granted such a right to do so. All Dayak troops were disbanded upon the end of the conflict.

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blanket do have conventional or ritual motives depending on the purpose of the woven item. Those who finish the weaving lessons are called

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published multiple photographs of Ibans and British soldiers posing with the severed heads of suspected MNLA members. Initially, the

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for his military service helping to liberate Malaya (and later Malaysia) from the communists, being the only soldier awarded both

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can be played in some distinctive types corresponding to the purpose and type of each ceremony. The most popular ones are called

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A. J. Stockwell; University of London. Institute of Commonwealth Studies (2004). Malaysia. The Stationery Office. pp. 70–.

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and Mr. Steward was totally defeated by the Skrang Iban force at the battle of Kerangan Peris in the Batang Skrang region.

5649: 2962: 2950: 2938: 2208:"Ancestry of the Iban Is Predominantly Southeast Asian: Genetic Evidence from Autosomal, Mitochondrial, and Y Chromosomes" 603: 358:

The Iban people of Borneo possess an indigenous account of their history, mostly in oral literature, partly in writing in

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which act as drums without any accompanying melodic instrument. The typical Iban agung ensemble will include a set of

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Ibans unlimited migration towards Bintulu, Baram and Balingan; while in the early 20th century, the Ibans from the

2009:"Who invented the Dayaks? : historical case studies in art, material culture and ethnic identity from Borneo" 1761: 1467: 4672: 2961:

Spencer St John: The Life of Sir James Brooke, The Battle of Beting Marau, Chapter IX, p.174, 1849. Available at

2358: 1752: 2498: 1811:, national hero of Malaysia; awarded the medal of valour "Sri Pahlawan Gagah Berani" by the Malaysian government 980:, where the Ibanic languages remain. The Malayic branch represents a secondary dispersal, probably from central 490:

of Sarawak were allowed to emigrate to Limbang, and the government additionally helped the movement of Ibans to

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and other natural products. The authority also supported perpetual Iban settlements in the newly ceded areas of

5639: 5568: 4770: 3558: 3420: 2141: 1817:, leader of a rebellion against the Brooke administration and used the title of Raja Ulu (King of the Interior) 1160: 547:. During the expeditions, Brooke employed numerous Dayak troops, quipping that "only Dayaks can kill Dayaks". 5543: 5489: 4790: 4620: 3595: 3319: 1668: 3282: 2641:

Matusky, Patricia (1985). "An Introduction to the Major Instruments and Forms of Traditional Malay Music".

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In 1849, at the Battle of Beting Maru, a convoy of Dayak boats that were returning from a sojourn at the

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The first region settled by the Ibans in Sarawak after their migration from Kapuas, West Kalimantan.

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ethnic group indigenous to northwestern Borneo. The Ibans are also known as Sea Dayaks and the title

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Iban music is percussion-oriented. The Iban have a musical heritage consisting of various types of

777: 439: 202: 54: 4125: 3533: 1570:" was known as the first Iban slayer of a white man in the person of Mr. Alan Lee "Ti Mati Rugi" ( 5474: 5469: 5459: 4735: 4578: 4135: 4075: 3711: 3706: 3553: 3523: 2864: 2658: 2188: 1877: 1844: 1840: 816: 443: 194: 4880: 3960: 2008: 1757: 453: 426:(Bintulu) and Balingan by the 1900s. In the turn of twentieth century, the Iban expanded to the 1843:, second Paramount Chief of the Dayak people and the key signatory on behalf of Sarawak to the 5644: 5445: 5409: 5360: 5342: 5070: 4907: 4838: 4605: 4588: 4355: 4095: 4003: 3994: 3810: 3793: 3786: 3776: 3771: 3667: 3652: 3615: 3610: 3600: 3425: 3160: 3013: 2986: 2911: 2888: 2854: 2813: 2788: 2743: 2621: 2530: 2522: 2478: 2438: 2239: 1607: 1544: 1415: 973: 961: 624: 611: 571: 487: 198: 3089: 5688: 5583: 5499: 5494: 5379: 5298: 5152: 5055: 4892: 4813: 4702: 4615: 4531: 4367: 4350: 4130: 4110: 4105: 4100: 4035: 3895: 3875: 3868: 3825: 3815: 3728: 2846: 2838: 2735: 2650: 2300: 2229: 2219: 2178: 2120: 2016: 649: 407: 2767: 507:, Seru, Miriek and Biliun where the populations were almost totally replaced by the Ibans. 5676: 5598: 5577: 5562: 5558: 5331: 5325: 5281: 5246: 5167: 5050: 4865: 4823: 4780: 4755: 4551: 4442: 4377: 4330: 4325: 4090: 4070: 4065: 4055: 4013: 3972: 3955: 3950: 3914: 3798: 3766: 3738: 3694: 3575: 3354: 3349: 3064: 2975:

http://www.archive.org/stream/tenyearsinsarwa03broogoog/tenyearsinsarwa03broogoog_djvu.txt

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Spencer St John: The Life of Sir James Brooke. Chapter IV, p. 51. 1843–1844. Available at

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Iban agriculture: a report on the shifting cultivation of hill rice by the Iban of Sarawak

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Golddiggers, farmers, and traders in the "Chinese Districts" of West Kalimantan, Indonesia

1782: 977: 897: 848: 796: 755: 739: 735: 723: 710: 697: 684: 588: 395: 315: 299: 160: 58: 2274: 1893:, a Sarawakian of mixed Chinese and Iban descent who was executed in Singapore for murder 2676: 1151:

from 2009 to 2019 according to official statistics. Many Bruneian Ibans intermarry with

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https://archive.org/stream/lifesirjamesbro01johngoog/lifesirjamesbro01johngoog_djvu.txt

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https://archive.org/stream/expeditiontobor00kellgoog/expeditiontobor00kellgoog_djvu.txt

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https://archive.org/stream/lifesirjamesbro01johngoog/lifesirjamesbro01johngoog_djvu.txt

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For hundreds of years, the Iban's ancestors practiced their own traditional custom and

812: 595: 560: 491: 475: 471: 260: 2579: 5710: 5404: 5399: 5389: 5303: 5288: 5256: 5197: 5177: 5132: 5110: 5060: 4986: 4969: 4860: 4828: 4765: 4745: 4524: 4501: 4491: 4481: 4476: 4447: 4360: 4340: 4280: 4265: 4230: 4215: 4150: 4120: 4060: 3977: 3943: 3931: 3919: 3890: 3845: 3803: 3761: 3733: 3647: 3605: 3374: 3344: 2868: 2518: 2338: 2304: 1913: 949: 556: 403: 276: 186: 179: 1212:– percussion ensembles composed of large hanging, suspended or held, bossed/knobbed 332:, The terms Iban came from the Iban language itself which means "human" or "people". 5384: 5374: 5271: 5266: 5207: 5142: 5090: 5045: 5033: 5008: 5003: 4998: 4981: 4949: 4885: 4808: 4437: 4432: 4407: 4397: 4392: 4382: 4345: 4335: 4260: 4245: 4200: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4140: 4085: 4008: 3967: 3938: 3880: 3850: 3820: 3781: 3632: 3543: 3528: 3400: 2435:

Arc of Containment: Britain, the United States, and Anticommunism in Southeast Asia

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http://pariwisata.kalbar.go.id/index.php?op=deskripsi&u1=1&u2=1&idkt=4

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Captain Henry Keppel: The Expedition to Borneo of HMS Dido, p.110. Available at

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Shifting Cultivation Policies: Balancing Environmental and Social Sustainability

2499:"The Iban of Temburong: Migration, Adaptation and Identity in Brunei Darussalam" 1908: 1747: 1532: 1201: 1126: 680: 504: 447: 271: 222: 218: 48: 1121:

For the majority of Ibans who are Christians, some Christian festivals such as

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proper is held and thereby preserves their ancestors' culture and tradition.

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denied allowing Iban troops to practise headhunting against the MNLA, until

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headhunting but the natives refused to sign it, rendering the treaty moot.

1390: 543:; Brooke led three expeditions against him and finally defeated him at the 3288: 3277: 2842: 2835:

Chinese Circulations: Capital, Commodities, and Networks in Southeast Asia

2739: 2552:(in Malay and English). Department of Statistics, Malaysia. Archived from 5227: 4459: 4320: 4047: 3699: 3006:

Rebellion In Brunei – The 1962 Revolt, Imperialism, Confrontation and Oil

1858: 1472: 1420: 287: 109: 17: 3183: 2192: 5232: 5095: 5082: 5023: 4785: 3909: 3510: 3364: 2613: 1724: 1314: 981: 909: 905: 901: 873: 860: 856: 852: 836: 820: 800: 781: 467: 427: 374: 283: 230: 115: 2662: 2354:"Sir James Brooke's personal narrative of the insurrection at Sarawak" 1830:, Miss Universe Malaysia 2020; has an Orang Ulu father and Iban mother 5513: 5276: 5212: 5028: 5018: 5013: 4993: 3837: 2973:

Charles Brooke: Tens Year in Sarawak, Chapter I, p. 37. Available at

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The Encyclopaedia of Iban Studies: Iban History, Society, and Culture

1814: 1660: 1567: 1496: 1488: 1144: 1130: 1103: 1097: 985: 915: 540: 463: 362:(wooden records), and partly in common cultural customary practices. 341: 291: 135: 90: 1727:

produced a wholly Iban-language commercial commemorating Malaysia's

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ethnic group formerly known as "Sea Dayak". The language belongs to

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Gawai Burong: The chants and celebrations of the Iban Bird Festival

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Rajahs and Rebels: The Ibans of Sarawak Under Brooke Rule, 1841-194

1110:, led to the influence of European missionaries and conversions to 365:

According to native myths and legends, they historically came from

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agency, was shot in Bau and Kapit and used an all-Sarawakian cast.

1585: 1524: 1500: 1466: 1414: 1389: 1209: 1195: 1148: 1093: 1046: 933: 929: 893: 791: 565: 536: 514: 452: 419: 415: 385: 226: 2810:

Iban Politics and Economic Development: Their Patterns and Change

446:

to emigrate towards other river systems. The tension between the

4372: 3753: 1743: 1476: 1213: 889: 4645: 3464: 3292: 1933:"Penemuan Utama Banci Penduduk Dan Perumahan Malaysia 2020.PDF" 1179:. The articles were later compiled in a book in 1963 entitled, 598:. In response, the Dayaks formed a special force to assist the 3086:"Sarawak (Malaysian) Rangers, Iban Trackers and Border Scouts" 1222:(small gongs arranged together side by side and played like a 2772:. Colonial research studies. Her Majesty's Stationery Office. 574:

prepares a human scalp above a container of human body parts.

2144:[Iban Folk Poetry – An Analysis: Form and Function] 1676:), an Anglo-Iban girl who falls in love with John Truscott ( 2515:

The Austronesians: historical and comparative perspectives.

2833:

Tagliacozzo, Eric; Chang, Wen-Chin, eds. (8 April 2011).

3236:

The White Rajahs: a history of Sarawak from 1841 to 1946

1798:, Hollywood actor; has an English father and Iban mother 1330:. Several types of woven blankets made by the Ibans are 2812:. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. p. 41. 1680:). The movie was filmed primarily in Sarawak, Malaysia. 2142:"Puisi Rakyat Iban – Satu Analisis: Bentuk Dan Fungsi" 1342:. Using weaving, the Iban make blankets, bird shirts ( 5660: 3112:"Stephen Mundaw becomes first Iban Brigadier General" 3059:

Rintos Mail & Johnson K Saai (6 September 2015).

2275:"Asal usul Melayu Sarawak: Menjejaki titik tak pasti" 1604:

Seri Pahlawan Gagah Perkasa or Grand Knight of Valour

610:

trained a thousand Dayaks from the Kapit Division in

1969:"Ekspresi Cinta dan Kehidupan Orang Dayak Iban {Id}" 282:

The Iban population is concentrated in the state of

5542: 5524: 5508: 5444: 5418: 5359: 5316: 5188: 5081: 4933: 4920: 4799: 4716: 4701: 4690: 4512: 4416: 4299: 4161: 4046: 3836: 3752: 3509: 3434: 3413: 3383: 3335: 3326: 3061:"Ailing war hero may miss royal audience this year" 1655:and one of the Iban people's last members with the 1519:

Iban shield with 'tree of life' design from Sarawak

208: 170: 145: 125: 98: 83: 70: 2679:. National Department of Culture and Arts, Sarawak 2437:. New York: Cornell University Press. p. 89. 2258:"Ngepan Batang Ai (Iban Women Traditional Attire)" 519:Sarawak; Sea Dayaks with weapons and head-dresses 3035:"Remembering Fallen Heroes on Hero Memorial Day" 2910:. Oliphant, Anderson & Ferrier. p. 12. 2547:"2010 Population and Housing Census of Malaysia" 3033:Ma Chee Seng & Daryll Law (6 August 2015). 2761: 2759: 2725: 2723: 2608:Sutlive, Vinson; Sutlive, Joanne, eds. (2001). 2473:Peng, Chin; Ward, Ian; Miraflor, Norma (2003). 2042:"Borneo trip planner: top five places to visit" 344:before the period of mass migration from 1750s. 2477:. Singapore: Media Masters. pp. 302–303. 2293:Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 2113:Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia 450:and the Ibans were recorded in Balleh Valley. 4657: 3476: 3304: 3156:"Wanted: a jungle belle who knows about love" 3012:. London, New York: I.B.Tauris. p. 125. 2580:"Population by Religion, Sex and Census Year" 1750:and his crew forms much of the first part of 1257:One example of Iban traditional music is the 1254:(a single sided drum/percussion instrument). 8: 2696: 2694: 2171:Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 1267:(music), depending the purpose and types of 35: 2409:"'Guests' can succeed where occupiers fail" 2286: 2284: 2102: 2100: 2098: 2096: 2094: 2092: 2090: 2044:. News.com.au. 21 July 2013. Archived from 1663:) signifying his taking of an enemy's head. 1447: 1441: 1435: 1429: 1373: 1367: 1361: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1337: 1331: 1325: 1292: 1286: 1280: 1274: 1268: 1262: 1249: 1243: 1233: 1227: 1217: 267:to various ethnic groups in Borneo island. 5505: 5415: 4930: 4713: 4698: 4664: 4650: 4642: 3483: 3469: 3461: 3332: 3311: 3297: 3289: 3134:"PGB recipient Gomez dies battling cancer" 1651:included the appearance of Itam, a former 1621:(The Star of the Commander of Valour) and 1171:only Christianized traditional festivals. 1135: 373:(Indonesian Borneo). They slowly moved to 34: 2233: 2223: 2182: 2124: 1181:The Sea Dayaks and Other Races of Sarawak 972:. It is thought that the homeland of the 956:) is spoken by the Iban, a branch of the 390:Iban northern expansion between 1800-1941 2407:Heimannov, Judith M. (9 November 2007). 2322:. Cornell University Press. p. 103. 1514: 1366:(headhunting) is the men's warpath. The 1304: 662: 5667: 2015:. Australian National University: 2 v. 1924: 1360:. Weaving is the women's warpath while 418:and Oya River. The settlers arrived to 1988: 1986: 1861:, the second Chief Minister of Sarawak 1613:Malaysia's most decorated war hero is 631:employed Iban headhunters against the 2837:. Duke University Press. p. 11. 2385:. SEAP Ithaca, New York. p. 102. 2109:"Iban as a koine language in Sarawak" 7: 5747:Indigenous peoples of Southeast Asia 669:Regions with significant population 442:. Thus, they were prohibited by the 84:Regions with significant populations 3136:. The Borneo Post. 13 February 2013 2475:Alias Chin Peng: My Side of History 1746:of "sea-dyaks" and the shipwrecked 1645:The episode "Into the Jungle" from 619:British Malayan headhunting scandal 394:Based on the research conducted by 270:Ibans were renowned for practicing 53:Iban traditional wedding attire in 3114:. The Borneo Post. 2 November 2010 2887:. J.B. Burr and Co. p. 1136. 2067:Sutrisno, Leo (26 December 2015). 1705:Berlin International Film Festival 1204:performing their traditional dance 1001:Religions of Ibans (Malaysia only) 921:The largest Iban sub-ethnic group 531:arrived in the region to find the 25: 3088:. Winged Soldiers. Archived from 1648:Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations 1566:Layang, the son-in-law of Libau " 1554:spotted Brooke's man of war, the 1487:Many of the sea dayaks were also 1419:A 19th century Iban carving of a 5694: 5682: 5670: 3276: 3243:The Life Story of Temenggong Koh 2701:Kedit, Vernon (1 January 2009). 2305:10.1111/j.1467-9655.2007.00416.x 2071:. Pontianak Post. Archived from 1729:50th anniversary of independence 1527:and canoes fought a battle with 1147:, 1,503 Ibans have converted to 1114:. Although the majority are now 633:Malayan National Liberation Army 434:valley in the northern Sarawak. 148: 128: 102: 47: 3209:coconutice (4 September 2007), 2151:University of Science, Malaysia 1333:pua kumbu, pua ikat, kain karap 1232:(the so-called "bass gong"), a 1134:celebration in nature unless a 1106:invaders, after the arrival of 2517:Peter Bellwood, James J. Fox, 1535:in 1817 at the Gaspar Strait. 570:An Iban headhunter during the 1: 3164:. 3 September 1956. p. 7 2906:Gomes, Edwin Herbert (1912). 2458:"This is the War in Malaya". 2140:Osup, Chemaline Anak (2006). 1261:. There are various kinds of 722:Seberuang and Suhaid Rivers, 608:Australian special operatives 572:Malayan Emergency (1948–1960) 382:The period of great migration 302:. They traditionally live in 5330:Peranakan Eropah (including 2783:Malcolm Cairns, ed. (2017). 2225:10.1371/journal.pone.0016338 1324:Woven products are known as 970:Austronesian language family 904:, Song, Sarikei, Bintangor, 40:Iban / Sea Dayak / Telanying 3003:Abdul Majid, Harun (2007). 1723:In 2007, Malaysian company 1163:due to their shared faith. 908:, Limbang, Lawas and Miri, 5763: 5732:Ethnic groups in Indonesia 3492:Ethnic groups in Indonesia 2593:Tassim, Fatimah Az-Zahra. 1971:. Kompas. 20 November 2021 1822:Beauty pageant titleholder 1731:. The advert, directed by 924: 880: 867: 843: 827: 807: 789: 772: 767:Kalimantan–Sarawak border 762: 746: 730: 717: 704: 693:Ketungau (Sebaru’, Demam) 691: 675: 616: 4679: 4673:Ethnic groups in Malaysia 3498: 2620:Foundation. p. 697. 2359:The Sydney Morning Herald 2184:10.1163/22134379-90002968 2126:10.17510/wacana.v22i1.985 1854:Chief Minister of Sarawak 1753:The Nutmeg of Consolation 1437:rampu amat and rampu betu 1351:kain kebat, kain betating 1083: 1073: 1068: 1060: 1055: 1045: 1040: 1030: 1025: 1015: 1010: 1005: 1000: 213: 197:, West Kalimantan Malay, 175: 88: 75: 46: 5737:Ethnic groups in Sarawak 4746:Negeri Sembilanese Malay 3172:– via NewspaperSG. 2730:Freedman, Derek (1970). 2710:Borneo Research Bulletin 2677:"Ngajat Pua Kumbu Dance" 2433:Wen-Qing, Ngoei (2019). 2318:Pringle, Robert (1970). 1880:, Brunei football player 1874:, Brunei football player 1785:, historian and academic 1627:Crimson Tide over Borneo 1313:(ceremonial cloth) from 27:Ethnic group from Borneo 5727:Ethnic groups in Brunei 4814:Christmas Island Malays 4557:Bangka Belitung Chinese 3320:Ethnic groups in Brunei 2808:Jayum A. Jawan (1994). 2766:Freeman, Derek (1955). 2334:"The Rajahs of Sarawak" 1695:Love of a Forest Maiden 1669:The Sleeping Dictionary 1659:(Iban traditional hand 1531:following the wreck of 1448: 1442: 1436: 1430: 1411:Agriculture and economy 1407:exchange for the land. 1394:An Iban longhouse, 1896 1374: 1368: 1362: 1356: 1350: 1344: 1338: 1332: 1326: 1317:being displayed in the 1293: 1287: 1281: 1275: 1269: 1263: 1250: 1244: 1234: 1228: 1218: 1136: 984:but possibly also from 3264:New Generation of Iban 3212:Maybank Advert in Iban 2381:Heidhues, MFS (2003). 2165:Harrison, Tom (1965). 2021:10.25911/5d70f0cb47d77 1850:Stephen Kalong Ningkan 1828:Francisca Luhong James 1594: 1593:, a Malaysian war hero 1582:Military contributions 1520: 1480: 1424: 1395: 1321: 1319:Honolulu Museum of Art 1205: 914:Belait and Temburong, 656:Ibanic regional groups 575: 520: 458: 391: 3234:Sir Steven Runciman, 2843:10.1215/9780822393573 2787:. CABI. p. 213. 2740:10.4324/9781003136484 2569:checked: yes. p. 108. 2521:. ANU E Press, 2006. 2013:Open Research Library 1742:A conflict between a 1718:Pierre Schoendoerffer 1623:Panglima Gagah Berani 1589: 1523:A Dayak war party in 1518: 1470: 1418: 1393: 1308: 1199: 1075:No religion / Unknown 1032:Folk religion-Animist 569: 559:and Malay Sarawakian 518: 456: 448:Brooke administration 389: 5584:China/Taiwan Chinese 3285:at Wikimedia Commons 3262:Renang Anak Ansali, 3257:Blackboard in Borneo 3229:General bibliography 2612:. Vol. 2: H-N. 2107:Shin, Chong (2021). 1866:Sports personalities 1762:Aubrey-Maturin novel 1713:Farewell to the King 1291:(swinging blow) and 545:Battle of Sadok Hill 527:In 1838, adventurer 279:continue to thrive. 5722:Dayak ethnic groups 5544:Foreign ethnicities 4927:Indigenous peoples) 3092:on 25 December 2017 3039:New Sarawak Tribune 2882:Wood, J. G (1878). 2075:on 29 December 2015 1872:Haimie Anak Nyaring 1809:Kanang anak Langkau 1615:Kanang Anak Langkau 1600:Kanang anak Langkau 1591:Kanang anak Langkau 1187:Culture and customs 882:Rajang/Bilak Sedik 494:from Batang Lupar. 440:swidden agriculture 43: 5485:Indians in Sarawak 4776:Terengganuan Malay 2908:Children of Borneo 2851:20.500.12657/25791 2732:Report on the Iban 2413:The New York Times 2342:. 29 January 1910. 2048:on 16 October 2015 2007:Tillotson (1994). 1996:. 8 December 2023. 1878:Suhaimi Anak Sulau 1845:Malaysia Agreement 1841:Jugah anak Barieng 1716:, a 1969 novel by 1691:Chinta Gadis Rimba 1640:In popular culture 1595: 1521: 1481: 1425: 1396: 1322: 1279:(slow tempo). The 1206: 1096:religious system. 647:Colonial Secretary 643:British government 576: 521: 459: 410:and Batang Layar. 392: 259:was given by the 5658: 5657: 5520: 5519: 5440: 5439: 5410:Penangite Chinese 5355: 5354: 5312: 5311: 4916: 4915: 4771:Selangorian Malay 4736:Kelantanese Malay 4639: 4638: 3458: 3457: 3409: 3408: 3281:Media related to 3248:Benedict Sandin, 3161:The Straits Times 3019:978-1-84511-423-7 2991:978-0-11-290581-3 2860:978-0-8223-9357-3 2794:978-17-863-9179-7 2749:978-1-003-13648-4 2627:978-9-83405-130-3 2535:978-1-920942-85-4 1914:View of the tiger 1735:with help of the 1683:Malaysian singer 1672:features Selima ( 1608:Awang anak Raweng 1545:Datu Patinggi Ali 1297:(sweeping blow). 1238:(which acts as a 1088: 1087: 974:Malayic languages 966:Malayo-Polynesian 962:Malayic languages 941: 940: 774:Ulu Ai/batang ai 666:Sub-ethnic group 625:Malayan Emergency 612:guerrilla warfare 511:18th–19th century 241: 240: 41: 16:(Redirected from 5754: 5699: 5698: 5687: 5686: 5685: 5675: 5674: 5673: 5666: 5514:Peranakan Chitty 5506: 5480:Indians in Sabah 5465:Penangite Indian 5416: 4931: 4791:Sarawakian Malay 4714: 4699: 4666: 4659: 4652: 4643: 3485: 3478: 3471: 3462: 3333: 3313: 3306: 3299: 3290: 3280: 3223: 3222: 3221: 3219: 3206: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3195: 3184:"Bejalai (1989)" 3180: 3174: 3173: 3171: 3169: 3152: 3146: 3145: 3143: 3141: 3130: 3124: 3123: 3121: 3119: 3108: 3102: 3101: 3099: 3097: 3082: 3076: 3075: 3073: 3071: 3056: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3030: 3024: 3023: 3011: 3000: 2994: 2983: 2977: 2971: 2965: 2959: 2953: 2947: 2941: 2935: 2929: 2926: 2920: 2919: 2903: 2897: 2896: 2879: 2873: 2872: 2830: 2824: 2823: 2805: 2799: 2798: 2780: 2774: 2773: 2763: 2754: 2753: 2727: 2718: 2717: 2707: 2698: 2689: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2673: 2667: 2666: 2638: 2632: 2631: 2605: 2599: 2598: 2590: 2584: 2583: 2576: 2570: 2568: 2566: 2564: 2558: 2551: 2543: 2537: 2512: 2506: 2505: 2503: 2495: 2489: 2488: 2470: 2464: 2463: 2462:. 28 April 1952. 2460:The Daily Worker 2455: 2449: 2448: 2430: 2424: 2423: 2421: 2419: 2404: 2398: 2393: 2387: 2386: 2378: 2372: 2371: 2369: 2367: 2350: 2344: 2343: 2330: 2324: 2323: 2315: 2309: 2308: 2288: 2279: 2278: 2271: 2265: 2264: 2262: 2254: 2248: 2247: 2237: 2227: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2186: 2167:"Borneo Writing" 2162: 2156: 2155: 2154:(in Indonesian). 2147: 2137: 2131: 2130: 2128: 2104: 2085: 2084: 2082: 2080: 2064: 2058: 2057: 2055: 2053: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2029: 2027: 2004: 1998: 1997: 1990: 1981: 1980: 1978: 1976: 1965: 1959: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1947:"Iban of Brunei" 1943: 1937: 1936: 1929: 1511:Military history 1475:fleet attacking 1451: 1445: 1439: 1433: 1377: 1371: 1365: 1359: 1353: 1347: 1341: 1335: 1329: 1296: 1290: 1284: 1278: 1272: 1266: 1253: 1247: 1237: 1231: 1221: 1200:Iban maidens of 1139: 998: 997: 709:Belitang River, 696:Ketungau River, 663: 650:Oliver Lyttleton 638:The Daily Worker 606:and a few dozen 585:Second World War 533:Sultan of Brunei 154: 152: 151: 134: 132: 131: 112: 108: 106: 105: 71:Total population 51: 44: 39: 21: 5762: 5761: 5757: 5756: 5755: 5753: 5752: 5751: 5707: 5706: 5705: 5693: 5683: 5681: 5671: 5669: 5661: 5659: 5654: 5545: 5538: 5527:(non-Peranakan) 5526: 5516: 5504: 5448: 5436: 5414: 5363: 5351: 5348:Peranakan Turki 5308: 5184: 5077: 4936: 4926: 4924: 4912: 4795: 4751:Penangite Malay 4705: 4686: 4675: 4670: 4640: 4635: 4508: 4412: 4302: 4295: 4157: 4042: 3832: 3748: 3505: 3494: 3489: 3459: 3454: 3430: 3405: 3379: 3322: 3317: 3273: 3241:James Ritchie, 3231: 3226: 3217: 3215: 3208: 3207: 3203: 3193: 3191: 3190:. 25 March 1990 3182: 3181: 3177: 3167: 3165: 3154: 3153: 3149: 3139: 3137: 3132: 3131: 3127: 3117: 3115: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3095: 3093: 3084: 3083: 3079: 3069: 3067: 3065:The Borneo Post 3058: 3057: 3053: 3043: 3041: 3032: 3031: 3027: 3020: 3009: 3002: 3001: 2997: 2984: 2980: 2972: 2968: 2960: 2956: 2948: 2944: 2936: 2932: 2927: 2923: 2905: 2904: 2900: 2881: 2880: 2876: 2861: 2832: 2831: 2827: 2820: 2807: 2806: 2802: 2795: 2782: 2781: 2777: 2765: 2764: 2757: 2750: 2729: 2728: 2721: 2705: 2700: 2699: 2692: 2682: 2680: 2675: 2674: 2670: 2640: 2639: 2635: 2628: 2607: 2606: 2602: 2592: 2591: 2587: 2578: 2577: 2573: 2562: 2560: 2559:on 1 March 2015 2556: 2549: 2545: 2544: 2540: 2513: 2509: 2501: 2497: 2496: 2492: 2485: 2472: 2471: 2467: 2457: 2456: 2452: 2445: 2432: 2431: 2427: 2417: 2415: 2406: 2405: 2401: 2394: 2390: 2380: 2379: 2375: 2365: 2363: 2352: 2351: 2347: 2332: 2331: 2327: 2317: 2316: 2312: 2290: 2289: 2282: 2273: 2272: 2268: 2263:. 8 April 2023. 2260: 2256: 2255: 2251: 2205: 2204: 2200: 2164: 2163: 2159: 2145: 2139: 2138: 2134: 2106: 2105: 2088: 2078: 2076: 2066: 2065: 2061: 2051: 2049: 2040: 2039: 2035: 2025: 2023: 2006: 2005: 2001: 1992: 1991: 1984: 1974: 1972: 1967: 1966: 1962: 1952: 1950: 1949:. People Groups 1945: 1944: 1940: 1931: 1930: 1926: 1922: 1900: 1887: 1868: 1837: 1824: 1805: 1803:National heroes 1792: 1783:Benedict Sandin 1779: 1774: 1758:Patrick O'Brian 1642: 1584: 1513: 1465: 1413: 1384: 1303: 1210:agung ensembles 1194: 1189: 1177:Sarawak Gazette 1090: 1089: 1081: 1066: 1061:Other religions 1053: 1038: 1023: 994: 946: 912: 756:West Kalimantan 740:West Kalimantan 724:West Kalimantan 711:West Kalimantan 698:West Kalimantan 685:West Kalimantan 658: 621: 581: 513: 488:Second Division 396:Benedict Sandin 384: 356: 351: 324: 316:West Kalimantan 300:West Kalimantan 182: 161:West Kalimantan 149: 147: 129: 127: 103: 101: 100: 66: 59:West Kalimantan 38: 33: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5760: 5758: 5750: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5719: 5709: 5708: 5704: 5703: 5691: 5679: 5656: 5655: 5653: 5652: 5647: 5642: 5637: 5632: 5627: 5622: 5616: 5611: 5606: 5601: 5596: 5591: 5586: 5581: 5571: 5566: 5556: 5550: 5548: 5540: 5539: 5537: 5536: 5530: 5528: 5525:Mixed ancestry 5522: 5521: 5518: 5517: 5512: 5510: 5503: 5502: 5497: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5472: 5467: 5462: 5456: 5454: 5442: 5441: 5438: 5437: 5435: 5434: 5429: 5426:Peranakan Cina 5422: 5420: 5413: 5412: 5407: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5387: 5382: 5377: 5371: 5369: 5357: 5356: 5353: 5352: 5350: 5349: 5346: 5343:Peranakan Siam 5340: 5338:Jawi Peranakan 5335: 5328: 5326:Peranakan Arab 5322: 5320: 5314: 5313: 5310: 5309: 5307: 5306: 5301: 5296: 5291: 5286: 5285: 5284: 5279: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5254: 5249: 5244: 5243: 5242: 5241: 5240: 5235: 5230: 5225: 5220: 5215: 5205: 5194: 5192: 5186: 5185: 5183: 5182: 5181: 5180: 5175: 5170: 5162: 5161: 5160: 5155: 5150: 5145: 5140: 5135: 5130: 5125: 5115: 5114: 5113: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5087: 5085: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5075: 5074: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5038: 5037: 5036: 5031: 5026: 5021: 5016: 5011: 5006: 5001: 4991: 4990: 4989: 4984: 4979: 4974: 4973: 4972: 4967: 4957: 4952: 4941: 4939: 4928: 4918: 4917: 4914: 4913: 4911: 4910: 4905: 4900: 4898:Burmese Malays 4895: 4890: 4889: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4868: 4863: 4858: 4853: 4843: 4842: 4841: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4805: 4803: 4797: 4796: 4794: 4793: 4788: 4783: 4781:Bruneian Malay 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4761:Perlisan Malay 4758: 4756:Perakian Malay 4753: 4748: 4743: 4741:Malaccan Malay 4738: 4733: 4728: 4726:Johorean Malay 4722: 4720: 4711: 4696: 4688: 4687: 4680: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4669: 4668: 4661: 4654: 4646: 4637: 4636: 4634: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4613: 4608: 4603: 4598: 4593: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4576: 4571: 4570: 4569: 4564: 4562:Maluku Chinese 4559: 4554: 4544: 4539: 4534: 4529: 4528: 4527: 4525:Black Dutchmen 4516: 4514: 4513:Non-indigenous 4510: 4509: 4507: 4506: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4473: 4472: 4462: 4457: 4452: 4451: 4450: 4445: 4440: 4435: 4422: 4420: 4418:Maluku Islands 4414: 4413: 4411: 4410: 4405: 4400: 4395: 4390: 4385: 4380: 4375: 4370: 4365: 4364: 4363: 4353: 4348: 4343: 4338: 4333: 4328: 4323: 4318: 4313: 4307: 4305: 4297: 4296: 4294: 4293: 4288: 4283: 4278: 4273: 4268: 4263: 4258: 4253: 4248: 4243: 4238: 4233: 4228: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4198: 4193: 4188: 4183: 4178: 4173: 4167: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4156: 4155: 4154: 4153: 4143: 4138: 4133: 4128: 4123: 4118: 4113: 4108: 4103: 4098: 4093: 4088: 4083: 4078: 4073: 4068: 4063: 4058: 4052: 4050: 4044: 4043: 4041: 4040: 4039: 4038: 4033: 4023: 4018: 4017: 4016: 4011: 4001: 4000: 3999: 3998: 3997: 3992: 3982: 3981: 3980: 3975: 3965: 3964: 3963: 3958: 3948: 3947: 3946: 3936: 3935: 3934: 3924: 3923: 3922: 3917: 3907: 3906: 3905: 3904: 3903: 3898: 3888: 3883: 3873: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3861: 3848: 3842: 3840: 3834: 3833: 3831: 3830: 3829: 3828: 3823: 3813: 3808: 3807: 3806: 3796: 3791: 3790: 3789: 3784: 3779: 3774: 3764: 3758: 3756: 3750: 3749: 3747: 3746: 3741: 3736: 3731: 3726: 3721: 3716: 3715: 3714: 3704: 3703: 3702: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3685: 3680: 3675: 3670: 3665: 3660: 3650: 3645: 3640: 3635: 3630: 3625: 3620: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3608: 3603: 3598: 3593: 3583: 3578: 3573: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3561: 3556: 3551: 3546: 3541: 3536: 3531: 3526: 3515: 3513: 3507: 3506: 3499: 3496: 3495: 3490: 3488: 3487: 3480: 3473: 3465: 3456: 3455: 3453: 3452: 3449: 3444: 3438: 3436: 3432: 3431: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3417: 3415: 3414:non-indigenous 3411: 3410: 3407: 3406: 3404: 3403: 3398: 3393: 3387: 3385: 3381: 3380: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3367: 3362: 3360:Dusun (Brunei) 3357: 3352: 3347: 3341: 3339: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3318: 3316: 3315: 3308: 3301: 3293: 3287: 3286: 3272: 3271:External links 3269: 3268: 3267: 3260: 3253: 3246: 3239: 3230: 3227: 3225: 3224: 3201: 3175: 3147: 3125: 3103: 3077: 3051: 3025: 3018: 2995: 2978: 2966: 2954: 2942: 2930: 2921: 2898: 2874: 2859: 2825: 2818: 2800: 2793: 2775: 2755: 2748: 2719: 2690: 2668: 2655:10.2307/833774 2649:(2): 121–182. 2633: 2626: 2600: 2585: 2571: 2538: 2507: 2504:. 3 June 2023. 2490: 2483: 2465: 2450: 2444:978-1501716409 2443: 2425: 2399: 2388: 2373: 2362:. 31 July 1857 2345: 2325: 2310: 2280: 2266: 2249: 2198: 2157: 2132: 2086: 2069:"Rumah Betang" 2059: 2033: 1999: 1982: 1960: 1938: 1923: 1921: 1918: 1917: 1916: 1911: 1906: 1899: 1896: 1895: 1894: 1886: 1883: 1882: 1881: 1875: 1867: 1864: 1863: 1862: 1856: 1847: 1836: 1833: 1832: 1831: 1823: 1820: 1819: 1818: 1812: 1804: 1801: 1800: 1799: 1791: 1788: 1787: 1786: 1778: 1775: 1773: 1772:Notable people 1770: 1769: 1768: 1765: 1760:'s fourteenth 1740: 1721: 1708: 1698: 1688: 1685:Noraniza Idris 1681: 1664: 1653:Sarawak Ranger 1641: 1638: 1583: 1580: 1529:Murray Maxwell 1512: 1509: 1464: 1461: 1412: 1409: 1383: 1382:Land ownership 1380: 1302: 1299: 1294:gendang pampat 1193: 1190: 1188: 1185: 1086: 1085: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1071: 1070: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1057: 1054: 1051: 1049: 1043: 1042: 1039: 1036: 1034: 1028: 1027: 1024: 1021: 1019: 1013: 1012: 1009: 1007: 1003: 1002: 996: 995: 993: 990: 978:western Borneo 968:branch of the 945: 942: 939: 938: 936: 927: 923: 922: 919: 883: 879: 878: 876: 870: 866: 865: 863: 846: 842: 841: 839: 830: 826: 825: 823: 810: 806: 805: 803: 794: 788: 787: 784: 775: 771: 770: 768: 765: 761: 760: 758: 749: 745: 744: 742: 733: 729: 728: 726: 720: 716: 715: 713: 707: 703: 702: 700: 694: 690: 689: 687: 678: 674: 673: 670: 667: 657: 654: 617:Main article: 596:Kapit Division 580: 577: 561:Sharif Masahor 512: 509: 470:, damar, wild 383: 380: 378:upper Kapuas. 355: 352: 350: 347: 346: 345: 333: 323: 320: 239: 238: 211: 210: 206: 205: 195:Standard Malay 177:Predominantly: 173: 172: 168: 167: 164: 143: 142: 139: 123: 122: 119: 96: 95: 86: 85: 81: 80: 76:approximately 73: 72: 68: 67: 52: 31: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5759: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5723: 5720: 5718: 5715: 5714: 5712: 5702: 5697: 5692: 5690: 5680: 5678: 5668: 5664: 5651: 5648: 5646: 5643: 5641: 5638: 5636: 5633: 5631: 5628: 5626: 5623: 5620: 5617: 5615: 5612: 5610: 5607: 5605: 5602: 5600: 5597: 5595: 5592: 5590: 5589:East Timorese 5587: 5585: 5582: 5579: 5575: 5572: 5570: 5567: 5564: 5560: 5557: 5555: 5552: 5551: 5549: 5547: 5541: 5535: 5532: 5531: 5529: 5523: 5515: 5511: 5507: 5501: 5498: 5496: 5493: 5491: 5488: 5486: 5483: 5481: 5478: 5476: 5473: 5471: 5468: 5466: 5463: 5461: 5458: 5457: 5455: 5452: 5447: 5443: 5433: 5430: 5428:(Baba-Nyonya) 5427: 5424: 5423: 5421: 5417: 5411: 5408: 5406: 5403: 5401: 5398: 5396: 5393: 5391: 5388: 5386: 5383: 5381: 5378: 5376: 5373: 5372: 5370: 5367: 5362: 5358: 5347: 5344: 5341: 5339: 5336: 5333: 5329: 5327: 5324: 5323: 5321: 5319: 5315: 5305: 5302: 5300: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5283: 5280: 5278: 5275: 5274: 5273: 5270: 5268: 5265: 5263: 5260: 5258: 5255: 5253: 5250: 5248: 5245: 5239: 5236: 5234: 5231: 5229: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5219: 5216: 5214: 5211: 5210: 5209: 5206: 5204: 5201: 5200: 5199: 5198:Kadazan-Dusun 5196: 5195: 5193: 5191: 5187: 5179: 5176: 5174: 5171: 5169: 5166: 5165: 5163: 5159: 5156: 5154: 5151: 5149: 5146: 5144: 5141: 5139: 5136: 5134: 5131: 5129: 5126: 5124: 5121: 5120: 5119: 5116: 5112: 5109: 5107: 5104: 5102: 5099: 5097: 5094: 5093: 5092: 5089: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5080: 5072: 5069: 5067: 5064: 5062: 5059: 5057: 5054: 5052: 5049: 5047: 5044: 5043: 5042: 5039: 5035: 5032: 5030: 5027: 5025: 5022: 5020: 5017: 5015: 5012: 5010: 5007: 5005: 5002: 5000: 4997: 4996: 4995: 4992: 4988: 4985: 4983: 4980: 4978: 4975: 4971: 4970:Orang Seletar 4968: 4966: 4963: 4962: 4961: 4958: 4956: 4953: 4951: 4948: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4932: 4929: 4923: 4919: 4909: 4906: 4904: 4903:Patani Malays 4901: 4899: 4896: 4894: 4891: 4887: 4884: 4882: 4879: 4877: 4874: 4873: 4872: 4869: 4867: 4864: 4862: 4859: 4857: 4854: 4851: 4847: 4844: 4840: 4837: 4836: 4835: 4832: 4830: 4827: 4825: 4822: 4820: 4817: 4815: 4812: 4810: 4807: 4806: 4804: 4802: 4798: 4792: 4789: 4787: 4784: 4782: 4779: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4759: 4757: 4754: 4752: 4749: 4747: 4744: 4742: 4739: 4737: 4734: 4732: 4731:Kedahan Malay 4729: 4727: 4724: 4723: 4721: 4719: 4715: 4712: 4709: 4704: 4700: 4697: 4695: 4694: 4689: 4685: 4684: 4678: 4674: 4667: 4662: 4660: 4655: 4653: 4648: 4647: 4644: 4632: 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4612: 4609: 4607: 4604: 4602: 4599: 4597: 4594: 4590: 4587: 4585: 4582: 4581: 4580: 4577: 4575: 4572: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4560: 4558: 4555: 4553: 4550: 4549: 4548: 4545: 4543: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4533: 4530: 4526: 4523: 4522: 4521: 4518: 4517: 4515: 4511: 4503: 4500: 4498: 4495: 4493: 4490: 4488: 4485: 4483: 4480: 4478: 4475: 4471: 4468: 4467: 4466: 4463: 4461: 4458: 4456: 4453: 4449: 4446: 4444: 4441: 4439: 4436: 4434: 4431: 4430: 4429: 4428: 4427: 4424: 4423: 4421: 4419: 4415: 4409: 4406: 4404: 4401: 4399: 4396: 4394: 4391: 4389: 4386: 4384: 4381: 4379: 4376: 4374: 4371: 4369: 4366: 4362: 4359: 4358: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4347: 4344: 4342: 4339: 4337: 4334: 4332: 4329: 4327: 4324: 4322: 4319: 4317: 4314: 4312: 4309: 4308: 4306: 4304: 4303:Sunda Islands 4298: 4292: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4282: 4279: 4277: 4274: 4272: 4269: 4267: 4264: 4262: 4259: 4257: 4254: 4252: 4249: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4239: 4237: 4234: 4232: 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3812: 3809: 3805: 3802: 3801: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3792: 3788: 3785: 3783: 3780: 3778: 3775: 3773: 3770: 3769: 3768: 3765: 3763: 3760: 3759: 3757: 3755: 3751: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3737: 3735: 3732: 3730: 3727: 3725: 3722: 3720: 3717: 3713: 3710: 3709: 3708: 3705: 3701: 3698: 3697: 3696: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3679: 3676: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3666: 3664: 3661: 3659: 3656: 3655: 3654: 3651: 3649: 3646: 3644: 3641: 3639: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3629: 3626: 3624: 3621: 3617: 3614: 3612: 3609: 3607: 3604: 3602: 3599: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3570: 3567: 3565: 3562: 3560: 3557: 3555: 3552: 3550: 3547: 3545: 3542: 3540: 3537: 3535: 3532: 3530: 3527: 3525: 3522: 3521: 3520: 3517: 3516: 3514: 3512: 3508: 3504: 3503: 3497: 3493: 3486: 3481: 3479: 3474: 3472: 3467: 3466: 3463: 3450: 3448: 3445: 3443: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3433: 3427: 3424: 3422: 3419: 3418: 3416: 3412: 3402: 3399: 3397: 3394: 3392: 3389: 3388: 3386: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3371: 3368: 3366: 3363: 3361: 3358: 3356: 3353: 3351: 3348: 3346: 3343: 3342: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3331: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3314: 3309: 3307: 3302: 3300: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3284: 3279: 3275: 3274: 3270: 3265: 3261: 3258: 3254: 3251: 3247: 3244: 3240: 3237: 3233: 3232: 3228: 3214: 3213: 3205: 3202: 3189: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3151: 3148: 3135: 3129: 3126: 3113: 3107: 3104: 3091: 3087: 3081: 3078: 3066: 3062: 3055: 3052: 3040: 3036: 3029: 3026: 3021: 3015: 3008: 3007: 2999: 2996: 2992: 2988: 2982: 2979: 2976: 2970: 2967: 2964: 2958: 2955: 2952: 2946: 2943: 2940: 2934: 2931: 2925: 2922: 2917: 2913: 2909: 2902: 2899: 2894: 2890: 2886: 2878: 2875: 2870: 2866: 2862: 2856: 2852: 2848: 2844: 2840: 2836: 2829: 2826: 2821: 2819:96-794-2284-4 2815: 2811: 2804: 2801: 2796: 2790: 2786: 2779: 2776: 2771: 2770: 2762: 2760: 2756: 2751: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2726: 2724: 2720: 2715: 2711: 2704: 2697: 2695: 2691: 2678: 2672: 2669: 2664: 2660: 2656: 2652: 2648: 2644: 2637: 2634: 2629: 2623: 2619: 2615: 2611: 2604: 2601: 2596: 2589: 2586: 2581: 2575: 2572: 2555: 2548: 2542: 2539: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2527:1-920942-85-8 2524: 2520: 2519:Darrell Tryon 2516: 2511: 2508: 2500: 2494: 2491: 2486: 2484:981-04-8693-6 2480: 2476: 2469: 2466: 2461: 2454: 2451: 2446: 2440: 2436: 2429: 2426: 2414: 2410: 2403: 2400: 2397: 2392: 2389: 2384: 2377: 2374: 2361: 2360: 2355: 2349: 2346: 2341: 2340: 2339:The Spectator 2335: 2329: 2326: 2321: 2314: 2311: 2306: 2302: 2298: 2294: 2287: 2285: 2281: 2277:. 1 May 2023. 2276: 2270: 2267: 2259: 2253: 2250: 2245: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2218:(1): e16338. 2217: 2213: 2209: 2202: 2199: 2194: 2190: 2185: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2161: 2158: 2153: 2152: 2143: 2136: 2133: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2097: 2095: 2093: 2091: 2087: 2074: 2070: 2063: 2060: 2047: 2043: 2037: 2034: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2010: 2003: 2000: 1995: 1989: 1987: 1983: 1970: 1964: 1961: 1948: 1942: 1939: 1934: 1928: 1925: 1919: 1915: 1912: 1910: 1907: 1905: 1902: 1901: 1897: 1892: 1889: 1888: 1884: 1879: 1876: 1873: 1870: 1869: 1865: 1860: 1857: 1855: 1851: 1848: 1846: 1842: 1839: 1838: 1834: 1829: 1826: 1825: 1821: 1816: 1813: 1810: 1807: 1806: 1802: 1797: 1796:Henry Golding 1794: 1793: 1789: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1776: 1771: 1766: 1763: 1759: 1755: 1754: 1749: 1745: 1741: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1726: 1722: 1719: 1715: 1714: 1709: 1706: 1702: 1699: 1696: 1692: 1689: 1686: 1682: 1679: 1675: 1671: 1670: 1665: 1662: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1649: 1644: 1643: 1639: 1637: 1635: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1620: 1619:Seri Pahlawan 1616: 1611: 1609: 1605: 1602:(awarded the 1601: 1592: 1588: 1581: 1579: 1575: 1573: 1569: 1564: 1561: 1557: 1553: 1548: 1546: 1540: 1536: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1517: 1510: 1508: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1485: 1478: 1474: 1469: 1462: 1460: 1456: 1453: 1450: 1444: 1438: 1432: 1422: 1417: 1410: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1392: 1388: 1381: 1379: 1376: 1370: 1364: 1358: 1352: 1346: 1340: 1334: 1328: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1307: 1300: 1298: 1295: 1289: 1288:gendang rayah 1283: 1277: 1271: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1252: 1246: 1242:) and also a 1241: 1236: 1230: 1225: 1220: 1215: 1211: 1203: 1198: 1191: 1186: 1184: 1182: 1178: 1172: 1168: 1164: 1162: 1159:or Christian 1158: 1154: 1150: 1146: 1141: 1138: 1132: 1128: 1124: 1119: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1105: 1102: 1099: 1095: 1078: 1076: 1072: 1063: 1059: 1050: 1048: 1044: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1020: 1018: 1014: 1008: 1004: 999: 991: 989: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 964:, which is a 963: 959: 955: 951: 950:Iban language 943: 937: 935: 931: 928: 925: 920: 918: 917: 911: 907: 903: 899: 895: 891: 887: 884: 881: 877: 875: 871: 868: 864: 862: 858: 855:and parts of 854: 850: 847: 844: 840: 838: 834: 831: 828: 824: 822: 818: 814: 811: 808: 804: 802: 798: 795: 793: 790: 785: 783: 779: 776: 773: 769: 766: 763: 759: 757: 753: 752:Lake Sentarum 750: 747: 743: 741: 737: 734: 731: 727: 725: 721: 718: 714: 712: 708: 705: 701: 699: 695: 692: 688: 686: 682: 679: 676: 671: 668: 665: 664: 661: 655: 653: 651: 648: 644: 640: 639: 634: 630: 626: 620: 615: 613: 609: 605: 601: 600:Allied forces 597: 593: 590: 586: 578: 573: 568: 564: 562: 558: 557:Liu Shan Bang 554: 548: 546: 542: 538: 534: 530: 525: 517: 510: 508: 506: 501: 500:intermarriage 495: 493: 489: 485: 479: 477: 473: 469: 465: 455: 451: 449: 445: 441: 435: 433: 429: 428:Limbang River 425: 421: 417: 411: 409: 405: 404:Batang Sadong 401: 397: 388: 381: 379: 376: 372: 368: 363: 361: 354:Early origins 353: 348: 343: 339: 338: 334: 331: 330: 326: 325: 321: 319: 317: 313: 309: 305: 301: 297: 293: 289: 285: 280: 278: 277:Iban language 273: 268: 266: 262: 258: 254: 250: 246: 236: 232: 228: 224: 220: 216: 212: 207: 204: 200: 196: 192: 188: 187:Sarawak Malay 185: 181: 178: 174: 169: 165: 162: 158: 157: 144: 140: 138: 137: 124: 120: 117: 113: 111: 97: 93: 92: 87: 82: 79: 74: 69: 64: 60: 56: 50: 45: 42: 30: 19: 5640:Singaporeans 5546:/expatriates 5272:Orang Sungai 5105: 4809:Cocos Malays 4800: 4766:Pahang Malay 4717: 4691: 4681: 4141:Tau Taa Wana 3926: 3569:Talang Mamak 3500: 3390: 3355:Brunei Malay 3263: 3256: 3255:Greg Verso, 3249: 3242: 3235: 3216:, retrieved 3211: 3204: 3192:. Retrieved 3187: 3178: 3166:. Retrieved 3159: 3150: 3138:. Retrieved 3128: 3116:. Retrieved 3106: 3094:. Retrieved 3090:the original 3080: 3068:. Retrieved 3054: 3042:. Retrieved 3028: 3005: 2998: 2981: 2969: 2957: 2945: 2933: 2924: 2907: 2901: 2883: 2877: 2834: 2828: 2809: 2803: 2784: 2778: 2768: 2731: 2713: 2709: 2681:. Retrieved 2671: 2646: 2642: 2636: 2609: 2603: 2588: 2574: 2561:. Retrieved 2554:the original 2541: 2514: 2510: 2493: 2474: 2468: 2459: 2453: 2434: 2428: 2416:. Retrieved 2412: 2402: 2391: 2382: 2376: 2364:. Retrieved 2357: 2348: 2337: 2328: 2319: 2313: 2296: 2292: 2269: 2252: 2215: 2211: 2201: 2174: 2170: 2160: 2149: 2135: 2116: 2112: 2077:. Retrieved 2073:the original 2062: 2050:. Retrieved 2046:the original 2036: 2024:. Retrieved 2012: 2002: 1973:. Retrieved 1963: 1951:. 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