190:
274:, the latter of which was provided to Rondelet. The picture being the gift of Marguerite, a great patron of the sciences, meant it was not something to be readily dismissed, but rather authenticated, by Marguerite, treated as an authority on par with Pliny.
27:
263:). But he did not think the pictorial representations he obtained could be taken at face value, and suspected they were embellished "by the painter to make the thing seem more marvelous". What prompted his suspicions of
226:(1557), who states both captures occurred near Copenhagen, Denmark. There is also a German woodcut by Stefan Hamer possibly dating to 1546, illustrating the sea-monk caught in Copenhagen in 1546.
619:
The French sources (Belon, Rondelet, see below) said it was "thrown ashore by waves", but the Danish Vedel, Swiss Gesner, etc. Steenstrup, tr. described the catch as a netting.
277:
Rondelet's information was imperfect in other ways: he stated the creature had been taken in "Norway at Diezum near the town called
Denelopoch", but this was a garbling of
270:
Rondelet stated that a drawing of it from life (or corpse) was made by an artist in the presence of a certain gentleman, who gave a copy to
Charles V, and another copy to
737:
1182:
998:
Roeleveld, M.; Knudsen, J. (1980). "On the merman (called the sea monk) caught in the Øresund in the time of King
Christian III. A translation into English".
267:
seems to be his discovery of other portrayals of the monkfish, quite different from his own, obtained by his rival and friend Gesner and others in Rome.
320:'s assessment, had faith in the existence of this sea monk without ever having seen one. Belon attributed these curiosities to "playfulness of Nature".
644:
Actually three of them, in 1530, 1546, and 1549, but the first of these was found on the Rhine, and "not a sea monk at all" (Paxton & Holland).
333:
described it, and although much of Gesner's piece was derivative or even copied wholesale from his predecessors, Belon and
Rondelet, he appended a
1192:
1187:
337:
section containing his own findings and observations. As to the creature that measured 4 cubits, Gesner added that it had a black face like an
1098:
928:
181:(1575) as measuring 4 ells long (15 ft; 4.6 m). It was either caught in a herring net, or stranded, depending on the source.
1127:
Paxton, Charles G. M.; Holland, R. (2005). "Was
Steenstrup Right? A new interpretation of the 16th century sea monk of the Øresund".
1163:
377:
1018:
384:, where the poet speaks of correspondences between land and sea, mentioning both the "mytred Bishop" and the "cowled Fryer":
170:
222:
The capture of the sea monk is dated to either 1546 or 1549 in 16th-century literature, or to both dates, in the case of
329:
1107:
Gudger, E. W. (1934). "Jenny
Hanivers, Dragons and Basilisks in the Old Natural History Books and in Modern Times".
428:
20:
229:
The sea monk was listed in several illustrated natural history books published in the mid-16th century, such as
166:
174:
1197:
1136:
731:
252:(monk-fish) in his Latin volume, a more expanded account appearing later in his French version of 1555.
709:
1141:
368:(1557) described the 1546 sea monk as having a black head, and gave an illustration of it as such.
189:
1117:
972:
432:
420:
317:
305:
271:
234:
193:
108:
846:, p. 315: "Belon himself had probably not seen mermen but did not doubt their existence";
292:
Belon (1555) in his French edition about the monk-fish also classed the monk-fish as a merman (
32:
Omnium fere gentium nostrae que aetatis nationum, habitus et effigies, et in eosdem epigrammata
1159:
1151:
1094:
1086:
924:
885:
697:
301:
976:
850:, p. 74: "Belon havde ikke self seet Havmænd, men betvivlede dog ikke deres Tilværelse".
828:
575:
161:
The alleged sea monk was captured at sea between
Denmark's Zealand and Sweden, in the strait
717:
580:
Omnium fere gentium, nostræ que ætatis nationum habitus et effigies et in eosdem epigrammata
300:), and garnished his commentary with mention of merfolk from ancient writings, specifically
264:
104:
63:
358:
342:
293:
141:
713:
693:
350:
128:
75:
1176:
874:
494:
467:
324:
238:
124:
881:
914:
354:
230:
88:
289:, Sweden). The information was conveyed through some intermediary German source.
918:
479:
459:
454:
in
Norwegian and Danish. Other suspected identities of the sea monk include the
424:
223:
977:"Om den i Kong Christian IIIs tid i Øresundet fanget Havmand (Sømunken kaldet)"
489:
443:
282:
162:
1085:
Barthe, Pascale (2017), Jeff
Persels; Kendall Tarte; George Hoffmann (eds.),
513:
These are approximate facsimiles of
Rondelet and Belon, and not exact copies.
463:
455:
338:
133:
116:
83:
26:
136:
96:
1091:
Itineraries in French Renaissance Literature: Essays for Mary B. McKinley
286:
1152:"Conrad Gessner and the Historical Depth of Renaissance Natural History"
99:
93:
80:
313:
58:
in 1546. It was described as a "fish" that outwardly resembled a human
55:
51:
1087:"Guillaume Ronldelet's Monkfish, or Natural History of Social Network"
241:(1558). It was described as a "fish" that looked superficially like a
149:
146:
119:
1121:
722:
436:
484:
309:
197:
25:
242:
59:
805:
Belon also stated the location as "Diezunt" near "Den Elopoch".
765:
763:
761:
759:
595:, pp. 39–40; citing Belon and Gesner as to the 1546 date.
255:
Rondelet (1554) called it "the fish with the habit of a monk (
603:
601:
542:
540:
538:
536:
534:
676:
674:
435:
believed the report was based on the discovery of an errant
920:
Emblems for a Queen: The Needlework of Mary Queen of Scots
1156:
Historia: Empiricism and Erudition in Early Modern Europe
396:
of other Plants lants (more rare and strange than these)
50:) was a sea creature found off the eastern coast of the
858:
856:
557:
555:
357:). Gesner had two other sources to draw from, namely
450:, which is commonly called "monkfish" in English or
442:
More recently, it has been suggested that it was an
392:(As well as earth) Vines, Roses, Nettles, Millions,
388:"Seas have (as well as skies) Sun, Moon, and Stars;
349:. He also mentioned a similar monster found in the
390:(As well as ayre) Swallows, and Rooks, and Stares;
341:, according to a German rhyme. Gesner here quoted
394:Pinks, Gilliflowers, Mushrooms, and many millions
943:
897:
843:
620:
19:"Monk-fish" redirects here. For other uses, see
904:, pp. 76, 86: "som Morian", "Morianfarve".
427:, a theory more recently popularised by writer
410:Were shew'n the Norways, and Polonian Prince."
400:And also Rams, Calfs, Horses, Hares, and Hogs,
1068:
1056:
1044:
959:
769:
665:
653:
632:
607:
592:
546:
404:Yea, Men and Mayds; and (which I more admire)
376:The sea monk was subsequently popularised in
353:, citing Scottish historian Hector Boethius (
8:
736:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
402:Wolves, Lions, Urchins, Elephants and Dogs,
947:
901:
847:
408:Whereof, examples, (but a few years since)
200:with sea monks from the sixteenth century:
1140:
721:
188:
530:
506:
406:The mytred Bishop and the cowled Fryer;
923:. Archetype Publications. p. 73.
814:
793:
781:
750:
729:
680:
248:Belon (1553) gave a briefer notice on
16:Reported sea creature found in Denmark
1183:Medieval European legendary creatures
862:
561:
419:In the early 1850s, Danish zoologist
127:(1558), and Joannes Sluperius (1572;
74:The creature was called "monk fish" (
7:
884:, pp. 519–522, 645, 216; (1604 ed.)
1033:Dans le Sillage des Monstres Marins
900:, pp. 316, 323: "blackamoor";
830:La nature et diversite des poissons
366:Prodigiorum ac Ostentorum Chronicon
423:suggested that the sea-monk was a
398:As very fishes living in the Seas.
382:La Sepmaine; ou, Creation du monde
364:The aforementioned Lycosthenes in
14:
1158:, MIT Press, pp. 241–268,
259:), and classed it as a merman (
1193:Mythological aquatic creatures
1019:The Search for the Giant Squid
962:, p. 40 and p. 41, fig i.
944:Roeleveld & Knudsen (1980)
898:Roeleveld & Knudsen (1980)
844:Roeleveld & Knudsen (1980)
656:, p. 40 and p. 41, fig g.
621:Roeleveld & Knudsen (1980)
173:. The creature is recorded in
169:sent an illustration of it to
1:
1188:Christian legendary creatures
171:Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
272:Marguerite, Queen of Navarre
185:16th-century natural history
1069:Paxton & Holland (2005)
1057:Paxton & Holland (2005)
1045:Paxton & Holland (2005)
960:Paxton & Holland (2005)
770:Paxton & Holland (2005)
666:Paxton & Holland (2005)
654:Paxton & Holland (2005)
633:Paxton & Holland (2005)
608:Paxton & Holland (2005)
593:Paxton & Holland (2005)
547:Paxton & Holland (2005)
34:by Johannes Sluperius, 1572
1214:
574:Joannes Sluperius (1572),
18:
21:Monkfish (disambiguation)
1093:, BRILL, pp. 377–,
206:) Rondelet's sea monk; (
167:Christian III of Denmark
1150:Pinon, Laurent (2005),
1031:Heuvelmans, B. (1974).
123:) was applied to it by
1109:The Scientific Monthly
1022:. Lyons Press. London.
576:"89. Monachus Marinus"
466:, or a hoax such as a
412:
361:and Hector Mythobius.
316:. Belon, according to
297:
219:
145:
132:
79:
35:
386:
323:The fourth volume of
285:) off of Ellenbogen (
257:piscis monachi habitu
192:
114:The name "sea monk" (
29:
973:Steenstrup, J. J. S.
694:Lockyer, Norman, Sir
165:, probably in 1546.
981:Dansk Maanedsskrift
879:Historiae animalium
796:, pp. 390–392.
784:, pp. 389–390.
753:, pp. 512–513.
714:1884Natur..29Q.348.
696:(7 February 1884).
683:, pp. 513–514.
378:Guillaume du Bartas
218:) Belon's sea monk.
179:Den danske Krønicke
1047:, pp. 39, 43.
1016:Ellis, R. (1998).
433:Bernard Heuvelmans
431:. Cryptozoologist
421:Japetus Steenstrup
345:'s account of the
330:Historia Animalium
235:Guillaume Rondelet
220:
36:
30:Illustration from
1100:978-90-04-35151-6
1071:, pp. 45–46.
948:Steenstrup (1855)
930:978-1-904982-36-4
902:Steenstrup (1855)
848:Steenstrup (1855)
668:, pp. 39–40.
501:Explanatory notes
448:Squatina squatina
1205:
1168:
1146:
1144:
1116:
1103:
1072:
1066:
1060:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1036:
1035:. Famot. Geneva.
1029:
1023:
1014:
1008:
1007:
995:
989:
988:
969:
963:
957:
951:
946:, pp. 317;
941:
935:
934:
911:
905:
895:
889:
872:
866:
860:
851:
841:
835:
833:
824:
818:
812:
806:
803:
797:
791:
785:
779:
773:
767:
754:
748:
742:
741:
735:
727:
725:
723:10.1038/029348a0
690:
684:
678:
669:
663:
657:
651:
645:
642:
636:
630:
624:
617:
611:
605:
596:
590:
584:
583:
571:
565:
559:
550:
544:
514:
511:
281:("the Sound" of
265:artistic license
196:comparison of a
1213:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1202:
1173:
1172:
1171:
1166:
1149:
1142:10.1.1.525.6135
1126:
1106:
1101:
1084:
1075:
1067:
1063:
1055:
1051:
1043:
1039:
1030:
1026:
1015:
1011:
997:
996:
992:
971:
970:
966:
958:
954:
942:
938:
931:
913:
912:
908:
896:
892:
873:
869:
861:
854:
842:
838:
827:
825:
821:
813:
809:
804:
800:
792:
788:
780:
776:
768:
757:
749:
745:
728:
698:"The Monk fish"
692:
691:
687:
679:
672:
664:
660:
652:
648:
643:
639:
631:
627:
618:
614:
606:
599:
591:
587:
573:
572:
568:
560:
553:
545:
532:
523:
518:
517:
512:
508:
503:
476:
417:
409:
407:
405:
403:
401:
399:
397:
395:
393:
391:
389:
374:
359:Georg Fabricius
343:Albertus Magnus
250:piscis monachus
201:
187:
159:
107:of a monk") by
72:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1211:
1209:
1201:
1200:
1198:Legendary fish
1195:
1190:
1185:
1175:
1174:
1170:
1169:
1164:
1147:
1124:
1104:
1099:
1081:
1080:
1079:
1074:
1073:
1061:
1049:
1037:
1024:
1009:
990:
964:
952:
936:
929:
906:
890:
875:Gesner, Conrad
867:
865:, p. 254.
852:
836:
819:
817:, p. 512.
807:
798:
786:
774:
755:
743:
685:
670:
658:
646:
637:
625:
623:, p. 329.
612:
597:
585:
566:
564:, p. 256.
551:
529:
528:
527:
522:
519:
516:
515:
505:
504:
502:
499:
498:
497:
492:
487:
482:
475:
472:
416:
413:
373:
372:Literary works
370:
351:Firth of Forth
347:monachus maris
186:
183:
158:
155:
71:
68:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1210:
1199:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1167:
1165:0-262-16229-6
1161:
1157:
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:(6): 511–523.
1114:
1110:
1105:
1102:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1083:
1082:
1077:
1076:
1070:
1065:
1062:
1059:, p. 44.
1058:
1053:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1038:
1034:
1028:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1001:
994:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
968:
965:
961:
956:
953:
949:
945:
940:
937:
932:
926:
922:
921:
916:
915:Bath, Michael
910:
907:
903:
899:
894:
891:
887:
883:
880:
876:
871:
868:
864:
859:
857:
853:
849:
845:
840:
837:
832:
831:
826:Belon (1555)
823:
820:
816:
815:Gudger (1934)
811:
808:
802:
799:
795:
794:Barthe (2017)
790:
787:
783:
782:Barthe (2017)
778:
775:
772:, p. 42.
771:
766:
764:
762:
760:
756:
752:
751:Gudger (1934)
747:
744:
739:
733:
724:
719:
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
689:
686:
682:
681:Gudger (1934)
677:
675:
671:
667:
662:
659:
655:
650:
647:
641:
638:
635:, p. 41.
634:
629:
626:
622:
616:
613:
610:, p. 40.
609:
604:
602:
598:
594:
589:
586:
581:
577:
570:
567:
563:
558:
556:
552:
549:, p. 39.
548:
543:
541:
539:
537:
535:
531:
525:
524:
520:
510:
507:
500:
496:
495:Jenny Haniver
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
477:
473:
471:
469:
468:Jenny Haniver
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
440:
438:
434:
430:
429:Richard Ellis
426:
422:
414:
411:
385:
383:
380:'s epic poem
379:
371:
369:
367:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
331:
326:
325:Conrad Gesner
321:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
290:
288:
284:
280:
275:
273:
268:
266:
262:
258:
253:
251:
246:
244:
240:
239:Conrad Gesner
236:
232:
227:
225:
217:
213:
209:
205:
199:
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184:
182:
180:
176:
172:
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139:
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110:
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86:
85:
82:
77:
69:
67:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
33:
28:
22:
1155:
1132:
1129:Steenstrupia
1128:
1112:
1108:
1090:
1078:Bibliography
1064:
1052:
1040:
1032:
1027:
1017:
1012:
1003:
1000:Steenstrupia
999:
993:
984:
980:
967:
955:
950:, p. 77
939:
919:
909:
893:
878:
870:
863:Pinon (2005)
839:
834:, pp. 32–33.
829:
822:
810:
801:
789:
777:
746:
732:cite journal
708:(745): 348.
705:
701:
688:
661:
649:
640:
628:
615:
588:
582:, p. 88
579:
569:
562:Pinon (2005)
509:
451:
447:
441:
418:
415:Explanations
387:
381:
375:
365:
363:
355:Hector Boece
346:
334:
328:
322:
291:
278:
276:
269:
260:
256:
254:
249:
247:
237:(1554), and
231:Pierre Belon
228:
221:
215:
211:
207:
203:
194:Steenstrup's
178:
160:
115:
113:
103:("fish the
92:
91:(1553), and
73:
47:
43:
39:
37:
31:
886:pp. 438–441
480:Bishop-fish
460:hooded seal
425:giant squid
335:collolarium
298:homme marin
224:Lycosthenes
153:) as well.
1177:Categories
1006:: 293–332.
888:, 546–547.
882:Liber IIII
521:References
444:angelshark
327:'s famous
318:Steenstrup
261:homo maris
54:island of
1137:CiteSeerX
1135:: 39–47.
526:Citations
464:monk seal
456:grey seal
339:Ethiopian
134:monachus
117:monachus
44:monk-fish
987:: 63–96.
975:(1855).
917:(2008).
474:See also
279:Die Sund
233:(1553),
214:squid; (
111:(1554).
109:Rondelet
97:monachi
84:monachus
48:monkfish
40:sea monk
877:(1558)
710:Bibcode
490:Umibōzu
314:nereids
306:tritons
283:Øresund
163:Øresund
157:History
137:marinus
94:piscis
81:piscis
62:in his
56:Zealand
1162:
1139:
1120:
1097:
927:
702:Nature
462:, the
458:, the
437:walrus
312:, and
310:naiads
302:sirens
294:French
212:Loligo
208:center
147:moyne
142:French
125:Gesner
100:habitu
52:Danish
42:(also
1122:15490
1118:JSTOR
485:Dagon
287:Malmö
216:right
198:squid
175:Vedel
150:marin
129:Latin
120:maris
105:habit
89:Belon
87:) by
76:Latin
70:Names
64:habit
1160:ISBN
1095:ISBN
925:ISBN
738:link
452:munk
243:monk
204:left
60:monk
38:The
718:doi
177:'s
46:or
1179::
1154:,
1133:29
1131:.
1113:38
1111:.
1089:,
1002:.
983:.
979:.
855:^
758:^
734:}}
730:{{
716:.
706:29
704:.
700:.
673:^
600:^
578:,
554:^
533:^
470:.
446:,
439:.
308:,
304:,
296::
245:.
210:)
144::
140:;
131::
78::
66:.
1145:.
1004:6
985:1
933:.
740:)
726:.
720::
712::
202:(
23:.
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