26:
72:
By flying low to the sea, missiles decrease the range at which the target ships can detect them by a significant amount. Flying at a lower altitude increases the amount of time the missile is under the horizon from the perspective of the target ship, making it harder to detect due to
109:, as many of the principles that hinder the target's detection of the missile also hinder the missile's detection of the target. Sea skimming involves a significant computational load, increasing the required processing power and cost.
64:), and is often near 2 meters (6 ft). When under attack, a warship can detect sea-skimming missiles only after they appear over the horizon (about 28 to 46 km from the ship), allowing about 25 to 60 seconds of warning.
25:
210:
were also skimming the sea at very low level. They increased their altitude only for a very short period to get final target information for the attack with their Agave radars. During the
77:
from the sea and similar effects. The real-life success of sea skimming depends on its exact implementation, the sophistication of the detection equipment, as well as the infrared and
317:
295:
85:
have to work within, making these missiles significantly harder to defend against. Sea skimming can also increase the range of a missile, by relying on
239:
200:
60:
Sea-skimming anti-ship missiles try to fly as low as is practically achievable, which is almost always below 50 meters (150
33:
pilot demonstrates sea skimming technique in a "sneak pass". The image shows a condensation cloud from a high-speed shockwave. (2005)
211:
97:
The use of sea skimming increases the risk of water impact by the missile before reaching the target due to weather conditions,
344:
159:
86:
264:
310:
359:
354:
219:
148:
137:
126:
349:
204:
182:
78:
106:
196:
81:
of the missile. Sea skimming can significantly reduce the available response time that a ship's
289:
243:
49:
41:
20:
82:
338:
215:
178:
61:
102:
52:, and to lower probability of being shot down during their approach to the target.
30:
98:
189:
174:
271:
218:
sea-skimming cruise missiles were claimed to have struck and sank the
170:
74:
45:
24:
117:
Several systems are capable of defeating sea skimming weapons.
240:"MissileThreat :: Glossary for Cruise Missiles"
318:
Johns
Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
44:and some fighter or strike aircraft use to avoid
138:Close-in weapon system § Missile systems
105:and other factors. Sea skimming also hinders
8:
311:"SHIP SELF-DEFENSE AGAINST AIR THREATS"
231:
294:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
287:
7:
14:
212:2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine
199:. The Argentinian pilots of the
195:in the Persian Gulf during the
1:
181:(including the scuttling of
376:
188:) and by Iraq against the
157:
146:
135:
124:
18:
160:Electronic countermeasure
16:Missile flight technique
220:Russian cruiser Moskva
173:missiles were used by
149:Chaff (countermeasure)
127:Close-in weapon system
34:
309:Douglas R. Ousborne.
214:, two Ukrainian-made
203:planes that attacked
136:Further information:
28:
40:is a technique many
345:Anti-ship missiles
132:Missile-based CIWS
107:target acquisition
50:infrared detection
42:anti-ship missiles
35:
165:Use in major wars
113:Possible defenses
367:
329:
328:
326:
324:
315:
306:
300:
299:
293:
285:
283:
282:
276:
270:. Archived from
269:
261:
255:
254:
252:
251:
242:. Archived from
236:
83:missile defenses
21:Nap-of-the-earth
375:
374:
370:
369:
368:
366:
365:
364:
335:
334:
333:
332:
322:
320:
313:
308:
307:
303:
286:
280:
278:
274:
267:
265:"Archived copy"
263:
262:
258:
249:
247:
238:
237:
233:
228:
167:
162:
156:
151:
145:
140:
134:
129:
123:
115:
95:
79:radar signature
70:
58:
23:
17:
12:
11:
5:
373:
371:
363:
362:
357:
352:
347:
337:
336:
331:
330:
301:
256:
230:
229:
227:
224:
201:Super Étendard
166:
163:
158:Main article:
155:
152:
147:Main article:
144:
141:
133:
130:
125:Main article:
122:
121:Gun-based CIWS
119:
114:
111:
94:
91:
87:ground effects
69:
66:
57:
54:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
372:
361:
360:Naval warfare
358:
356:
355:Missile types
353:
351:
348:
346:
343:
342:
340:
319:
312:
305:
302:
297:
291:
277:on 2006-08-20
273:
266:
260:
257:
246:on 2012-05-05
245:
241:
235:
232:
225:
223:
221:
217:
216:R-360 Neptune
213:
209:
208:
202:
198:
197:Iran–Iraq War
194:
193:
187:
186:
180:
179:Falklands War
176:
172:
164:
161:
153:
150:
142:
139:
131:
128:
120:
118:
112:
110:
108:
104:
103:software bugs
100:
93:Disadvantages
92:
90:
88:
84:
80:
76:
75:radar clutter
67:
65:
63:
55:
53:
51:
47:
43:
39:
32:
27:
22:
321:. Retrieved
304:
279:. Retrieved
272:the original
259:
248:. Retrieved
244:the original
234:
206:
191:
184:
169:French-made
168:
116:
96:
71:
59:
38:Sea skimming
37:
36:
99:rogue waves
31:Blue Angels
350:Low flying
339:Categories
323:19 October
281:2006-08-10
250:2012-05-18
226:References
68:Advantages
29:A US Navy
19:See also:
207:Sheffield
185:Sheffield
175:Argentina
290:cite web
177:in the
171:Exocet
56:Method
314:(PDF)
275:(PDF)
268:(PDF)
192:Stark
143:Chaff
46:radar
325:2022
296:link
205:HMS
190:USS
183:HMS
154:ECM
341::
316:.
292:}}
288:{{
222:.
101:,
89:.
62:ft
48:,
327:.
298:)
284:.
253:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
