Atari 2600 - Knowledge

1248:(1982) are among the most successful with at least one and four million copies sold, respectively. In 1980, Atari attempted to block the sale of the Activision cartridges, accusing the four of intellectual property infringement. The two companies settled out of court, with Activision agreeing to pay Atari a licensing fee for their games. This made Activision the first third-party video game developer and established the licensing model that continues to be used by console manufacturers for game development. 1623: 1761: 2291: 929: 1747: 1047: 56: 1007:

was done by James Asher and Douglas Hardy. Hardy had been an engineer for Fairchild and helped in the initial design of the Channel F cartridges, but he quit to join Atari in 1976. The interior of the cartridge that Asher and Hardy designed was sufficiently different to avoid patent conflicts, but the exterior components were directly influenced by the Channel F to help work around the static electricity concerns.

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routed through the TIA to the connected television. All six console switches on the front panel. Production of the unit was moved to Taiwan in 1978, where a less thick internal metal shielding was used and thinner plastic was used for the casing, reducing the system's weight. These two versions are commonly referred to as "Heavy Sixers" and "Light Sixers" respectively, referencing the six front switches.

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interesting artwork with implications of dynamic movement intended to engage the player's imagination while staying true to the gameplay. Spohn's style became a standard for Atari when bringing in assistant artists, including Susan Jaekel, Rick Guidice, John Enright, and Steve Hendricks. Spohn and Hendricks were the largest contributors to the covers in the Atari 2600 library.

8564: 6407: 2121: 3643: 1071: 1305:(1981), which was bundled with every ColecoVision console. Coleco gained about 17% of the hardware market in 1982 compared to Atari's 58%. With third parties competing for market share, Atari worked to maintain dominance in the market by acquiring licenses for popular arcade games and other properties to make games from. 902:, who had separately developed debugging software and hardware for MOS, and had developed the JOLT Computer for testing the 6502, which Peddle suggested would be useful for Atari and Cyan to use while developing their system. Milner was able to demonstrate a proof-of-concept for a programmable console by implementing 1693:, but does not provide all the buttons of a native controller. Third-party controllers include Wico's Command Control joystick. Later, the CX42 Remote Control Joysticks, similar in appearance but using wireless technology, were released, together with a receiver whose wires could be inserted in the controller jacks. 1801:

1982, to coincide with the release of the Atari 5200, Atari rebranded the console as the "Atari 2600", a name first used on a version of the four-switch model without woodgrain, giving it an all-black appearance. This all-black model is commonly referred to by fans as the "Vader" model, due to its resemblance to

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In 1980, the difficulty switches were moved to the back of the console, leaving four switches on the front and replacing the previous all lowercase font for the switch labels to fully capitalized wording. Otherwise, these four-switch consoles look nearly identical to the earlier six-switch models. In

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Atari was still recovering from its 1974 financial woes and needed additional capital to fully enter the home console market, though Bushnell was wary of being beholden to outside financial sources. Atari obtained smaller investments through 1975, but not at the scale it needed, and began considering

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pins—13 instead of 16. The designers of the Atari 2600 selected an inexpensive cartridge interface that has one fewer address pins than the 13 allowed by the 6507, further reducing the already limited addressable memory from 8 KB (2 = 8,192) to 4 KB (2 = 4,096). This was believed to be sufficient as

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finish, and the cartridges must be "idiot proof, child proof and effective in resisting potential static problems in a living room environment". Landrum recommended it include four to five dedicated games in addition to the cartridges, but this was dropped in the final designs. The cartridge design

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The top bezel of the console originally had six switches: power, TV type selection (color or black-and-white), game selection, left and right player difficulty, and game reset. The difficulty switches were moved to the back of the bezel in later versions of the console. The back bezel also included

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In 1978, Atari sold only 550,000 of the 800,000 systems manufactured. This required further financial support from Warner to cover losses. Bushnell pushed the Warner Board of Directors to start working on "Stella 2", as he grew concerned that rising competition and aging tech specs of the VCS would

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whose co-founder, Bob Schreiner, was a friend of Peddle. In October 1975, Atari informed the market that it was moving forward with MOS. The Motorola sales team had already told its management that the Atari deal was finalized, and Motorola management was livid. They announced a lawsuit against MOS

1539:(TIA) chip in the VCS to handle the graphics and conversion to a television signal. It provides a single-color, 20-bit background register that covers the left half of the screen (each bit represents 4 adjacent pixels) and is either repeated or reflected on the right side. There are 5 single-color 1066:

with plans for retail release in October. The announcement was purportedly delayed to wait out the terms of the Magnavox patent lawsuit settlement, which would have given Magnavox all technical information on any of Atari's products announced between June 1, 1976, and June 1, 1977. However, Atari

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Atari determined that box art featuring only descriptions of the game and screenshots would not be sufficient to sell games in retail stores, since most games were based on abstract principles and screenshots give little information. Atari outsourced box art to Cliff Spohn, who created visually

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plastic for the casing as to give the impression of weight from what was mostly an empty shell inside. The initial Sunnyvale batch had also included potential mounts for an internal speaker system on the casing, though the speakers were found to be too expensive to include and instead sound was

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Warner Communications issued revised earnings guidance in December 1982 to its shareholders, having expected a 50% year-to-year growth but now only expecting 10–15% due to declining sales at Atari. Coupled with the oversaturated home game market, Atari's weakened position led investors to start

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Many early VCS titles were able to display in both monochrome (black and white) and full color through the use of the "TV type" switch on the console. This allowed the VCS games to function on both monochrome and color televisions. However, beginning around the rebranding from "VCS" to "2600",

1578:"; the actual game logic runs when the television beam is outside of the visible area of the screen. Early games for the system use the same visuals for pairs of scan lines, giving a lower vertical resolution, to allow more time for the next row of graphics to be prepared. Later games, such as 810:

integrated onto the circuit board, permanently confining the whole console to only one game. The increasing competition increased the risk, as Atari had found with past arcade games and again with dedicated home consoles. Both platforms are built from integrating discrete electro-mechanical

1915:, the 2600 was supported with new games and television commercials promoting "The fun is back!". Atari released several minor stylistic variations: the "large rainbow" (shown), "short rainbow", and an all-black version sold only in Ireland. Later European versions include a joypad. 1385:

released a redesigned model of the 2600 in 1986, supported by an ad campaign touting a price of "under 50 bucks". With a large library of cartridges and a low price point, the 2600 continued to sell into the late 1980s. Atari released the last batch of games in 1989–90 including

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render the console obsolete. However, the board stayed committed to the VCS and ignored Bushnell's advice, leading to his departure from Atari in 1979. Atari sold about 600,000 VCS systems in 1979, bringing the installed base to a little over 1.3 million.

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cartridges and over 1 million VCS systems in 1980, nearly doubling the install base to over 2 million, and then an estimated 3.1 million VCS systems in 1981. By 1982, 10 million consoles had been sold in the United States, while its best-selling game was

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By 1982, the Atari 2600 was the dominant game system in North America. Poor decisions by Atari management damaged both the system and company's reputation, most notably the release of two highly anticipated games for the 2600: a port of the arcade game

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brought in Atari's game developers to provide input on features. There are significant limitations in the 6507, the TIA, and other components, so the programmers creatively optimized their games to maximize the console. The console lacks a

1876:(which became the dominant console in Japan), and it did not gain a significant share of the market. Sears previously released the 2800 in the US during late 1982 as the Sears Video Arcade II, which came packaged with two controllers and 1499: 1704:. The similar, but simpler, CX23 Kid's Controller was released later for a series of games aimed at a younger audience. The CX22 Trak-Ball controller was announced in January 1983 and is compatible with the Atari 8-bit computers. 794:

gave rise to a number of competitors to the growing arcade game market. The competition along with other missteps by Atari led to financial problems in 1974, though recovering by the end of the year. By 1975, Atari had released a

1574:, and as the display is output to the television, the program can change colors, sprite positions, and background settings. The careful timing required to sync the code to the screen on the part of the programmer was labeled " 1117:(1975). Atari sold between 350,000 and 400,000 Atari VCS units during 1977, attributed to the delay in shipping the units and consumers' unfamiliarity with a swappable-cartridge console that is not dedicated to only one game. 2321:

The 2600 was so successful in the late 1970s and early 1980s that "Atari" was a synonym for the console in mainstream media and for video games in general. Jay Miner directed the creation of the successors to the 2600's TIA

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for the cartridge's ROM chip, however, leaving only 12 address lines for the chip's game program. Thus, without special "hardware tricks" built into the cartridge, an Atari 2600 game can occupy a maximum address space of 4

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that claimed the burial contained millions of unsold cartridges, the site was excavated in 2014, confirming reports from former Atari executives that only about 700,000 cartridges had actually been buried. Atari reported a

1835:, which later produced 2600 cartridges. Sears released several models of the VCS as the Sears Video Arcade series starting in 1977. The final Sears-specific model was the Video Arcade II, released during the fall of 1982. 5568: 3479: 842:

capable of playing Atari's current arcade offerings. The programmable microprocessors would make a console's design significantly simpler and more powerful than any dedicated single-game unit. However, the cost

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television sets produced in the late 1970s and early 1980s, which commonly lack auxiliary video inputs to receive audio and video from another device. Therefore, to connect to a TV, the console generates a

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Ernkvist, Mirko (2008). "Down many times, but still playing the game: Creative destruction and industry crashes in the early video game industry 1971–1986". In Gratzer, Karl; Stiefel, Dieter (eds.).

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support for black and white display modes diminished greatly, with most releases during this period only displaying in color and the TV type switch serving no function. Other later titles, such as

4230:, p. 26 The cartridge connector's 24 pins are allocated to one supply-voltage line, two ground lines, 8 data lines, and 13 address lines. The uppermost address line is used as a so-called 1199:. To standardize naming, the VCS was renamed to the "Atari 2600 Video Computer System", or "Atari 2600", derived from the manufacture part number CX2600. By 1982, the 2600 cost Atari about 1883:

Designed by engineer Joe Tilly, the 2800 has four controller ports instead of the two of the 2600. The controllers are an all-in one design using a combination of an 8-direction digital

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Warner, wary of supporting its failing Atari division, started looking for buyers in 1984. Warner sold most of the assets of Atari's counsumer electronics and home computer divisions to

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included ex-Atari programmers. Mattel and Coleco, each already producing its own more advanced console, created simplified versions of their existing games for the 2600. Mattel used the

1238:, formed by Crane, Whitehead, and Miller in 1979, started developing third-party VCS games using their knowledge of VCS design and programming tricks, and began releasing games in 1980. 4673: 4194: 5089: 5183: 1507:(1982) has more advanced graphics than the games the VCS launched with. The black bar on the left provides extra time for the program to prepare graphics between each scanline. 8638: 2357:, which cited its remarkable role behind both the first video game boom and the video game crash of 1983, and called it "the console that our entire industry is built upon". 5027: 1319:, a game programmed in about six weeks. Atari produced an estimated four million cartridges, but the game was poorly reviewed, and only about 1.5 million units were sold. 7708: 3684: 1177:

magazine has about 3 million VCS sales in 1981, about 5.5 million in 1982, as well as a total of over 12 million VCS systems and an estimated 120 million cartridges sold.

5560: 819: (equivalent to about $ 566,000 in 2023) plus time to complete, but the final product only had about a three-month shelf life until becoming outdated by competition. 5122: 4435: 3489: 2946: 3675:

Gallager, Scott; Ho Park, Seung (February 2002). "Innovation and Competition in Standard-Based Industries: A Historical Analysis of the U.S. Home Video Game Market".

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Sears released versions of Atari's games with Tele-Games branding, usually with different titles. Three games were produced by Atari for Sears as exclusive releases:

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In addition to third-party game development, Atari also received the first major threat to its hardware dominance from the ColecoVision. Coleco had a license from

8643: 5599: 4115: 1998:. It uses a recreated chip based on original 2600 hardware, and is compatible with original 2600 controllers. It can be modified to play original 2600 cartridges. 1972: 5305: 3390: 2467: 7296: 4417: 1038:

which was enough to fast-track Stella. By 1977, development had advanced enough to brand it the "Atari Video Computer System" (VCS) and start developing games.

3038: 1891:, designed by John Amber. The 2800's case design departed from the 2600, using a wedge shape with non-protruding switches. The case style is the basis for the 3520: 4798: 3412: 1912: 1374: 544: 3937: 2046: 1330:

In September 1983, Atari sent 14 truckloads of unsold Atari 2600 cartridges and other equipment to a landfill in the New Mexico desert, later labeled the

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Over two days, MOS and Cyan engineers sketched out a 6502-based console design by Meyer and Milner's specifications. Financial models showed that even at

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chips for each region's television formats, which require games to be developed and published separately for each region. All modes are 160 pixels wide.

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The Atari 2800 is the Japanese version of the 2600 released in October 1983. It is the first Japan-specific release of a 2600, though companies like

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arcade game appeared in 1978. The original is in black and white with a colored overlay, and the home version is in color. In 1980, Atari released

8648: 8343: 7644: 7639: 7516: 7442: 7427: 7422: 7412: 7402: 7382: 5891: 4613: 4020: 2179:, released in 1980, is the first VCS game to have more than one million copies sold—eventually doubling that within a year and totaling more than 1953: 1315: 1251:

Activision's success led to the establishment of other third-party VCS game developers following Activision's model in the early 1980s, including

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The Atari VCS launched in 1977 with nine games on 2 KB cartridges. Atari ported many of their arcade games to the system, and the VCS versions of

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loss reported in the second quarter. By mid-1984, software development for the 2600 had essentially stopped except that of Atari and Activision.

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who had been doing his own testing on the 6502. Decuir began debugging the first prototype designed by Mayer and Milner, which gained the

4903: 8043: 7394: 4706: 4933: 4855: 4522: 1949:, announced in 1984 and released in 1986, is the official successor to the Atari 2600 and is backward compatible with 2600 cartridges. 1937:

The circa-1982 Atari 3200 was a backwards compatible 2600 successor with "more memory, higher resolution graphics and improved sound".

5251: 4881: 4552: 2749: 2717: 944: 5175: 8633: 8507: 7694: 7592: 7289: 5789: 4082: 3905: 3614: 3126: 3072: 3008: 2910: 2521: 1181: 3174: 2557: 8543: 7329: 5019: 4824: 1852: 1327:. Many of the third-party developers formed prior to 1983 were closed, and Mattel and Coleco left the video game market by 1985. 1002:, to determine the consumer requirements for the console. In his final report, Landrum suggested a living room aesthetic, with a 871:

at the Wescon trade show in San Francisco. Mayer and Milner attended, and met with the leader of the team that created the chip,

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launch game. After less than a year, the CX10 joystick was replaced with the CX40 model designed by James C. Asher. Because the

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in the 2600. Though their internal silicon was identical, the 6507 was cheaper than the 6502 because its package included fewer

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of such chips was far outside the range that their market would tolerate. Atari had opened negotiations to use Motorola's new

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use the standard paddle controllers. Atari, Inc. was the only developer for the first few years, releasing dozens of games.

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in Japan in 1979 under the name "Cassette TV Game", but did not sell as well as Epoch's own Cassette Vision system in 1981.

806:, the only other major producer of home consoles at the time. Atari engineers recognized, however, the limitation of custom 4740: 2977: 8038: 5332: 2593: 1873: 1378: 1188:

by 1984. In France, where the VCS released in 1982, the system sold 600,000 units by 1989. The console was distributed by

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illustrated by Cliff Spohn, were aimed to capture the player's imagination and obviate the low fidelity of game graphics.

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has numerous technical and aesthetic flaws, but nevertheless more than 7 million copies were sold. Heading into the 1982

875:. They proposed using the 6502 in a game console, and offered to discuss it further at Cyan's facilities after the show. 8369: 8339: 7670: 7512: 7507: 7282: 7133: 6517: 6468: 6447: 6117: 5946: 3604: 3453: 2257: 2222: 2030:(2023) is a replica of the 2600 and 20% smaller. The 2600+ includes support for original Atari 2600 and 7800 cartridges. 1586: 1536: 1491: 960: 243: 5591: 5537: 5297: 4106: 3777: 1651:(CX30). Driving controllers, which are similar to paddle controllers but can be continuously rotated, shipped with the 994:

Alongside the electronics development, Bushnell brought in Gene Landrum, a consultant who had just prior consulted for

955:-level design of the graphics interface to build upon. A second prototype was completed by March 1976 with the help of 8439: 8424: 8086: 7650: 6811: 6741: 6072: 5905: 4410: 3380: 3263: 3218: 2360:

In November 2021, the current incarnation of Atari announced three 2600 games to be published under "Atari XP" label:

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mode provides more vertical scanlines, with 228 visible lines per screen, but drawn at 50 Hz and only 13 colors.

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raping a bound Native American woman. Atari sued American Multiple Industries in court over the release of the game.

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Atari VCS units had been sold worldwide. The final Atari-licensed release is the PAL-only version of the arcade game

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The second VCS model has lighter plastic molding and shielding, and a more angular shape, than the 1977 launch model.

3512: 3028: 1027:. In mid-1976, Fairchild announced the Channel F, planned for release later that year, beating Atari to the market. 8554: 7997: 7607: 6909: 6454: 6426: 5803: 2077: 1653: 1567: 1540: 4790: 1911:) with the ability to run a large collection of games. Released after the video game crash of 1983, and after the 1067:

encountered production problems during its first batch, and its testing was complicated by the use of cartridges.

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7,271,844 in 1982. 684,569 in 1983. 37,063 in 1986. 61,685 in 1987. 3,885 in 1988. 34,374 in 1989. 2,166 in 1990.

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electronics company founded by Steve Mayer and Larry Emmons, both former colleagues of Bushnell and Dabney from

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with significantly more advanced visuals and gameplay than the system was designed for, such as Activision's

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became industry standards, 2600 joysticks and some other peripherals work with later systems, including the

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Arceneaux, Noah (February 19, 2010). "Review Article: Game theories, technologies and techniques of play".

3952: 838:, Cyan's engineers, led by Mayer and Ron Milner, had envisioned a home console powered by new programmable 551:. Production of the Atari 2600 ended in 1992, with an estimated 30 million units sold across its lifetime. 7577: 6942: 6846: 6720: 6650: 6629: 6496: 6461: 6433: 5863: 3825: 3118: 2295: 2189: 2065: 2020: 1310: 662: 509: 5206: 3088: 2700: 1903:

The cost-reduced 1986 model, sometimes referred to as the "2600 Jr.", has a smaller form factor with an

8248: 8147: 7908: 7852: 7660: 7353: 7336: 7113: 6594: 6482: 6137: 5898: 5824: 2331: 2165: 2154: 2149:. These artists generally conferred with the programmer to learn about the game before drawing the art. 2145: 2095: 1678: 1414: 1012: 607: 420: 412: 5712: 4605: 4012: 1132:. This is the first officially licensed arcade conversion for a home console. Atari sold 1.25 million 7918: 7675: 7238: 7002: 6902: 6874: 6734: 6713: 6699: 6622: 6545: 6531: 6132: 6087: 5919: 5363: 5267: 4042: 2876: 2440: 1563: 1471: 1240: 963:(TIA) to send graphics and audio to a television. The second prototype included a TIA, a 6507, and a 463: 300: 5626: 4907: 4574: 4361: 3891: 3065:

They Create Worlds: The Story of the People and Companies That Shaped the Video Game Industry, Vol I

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The design of the Japan-only Atari 2800 was previously used in the US for the Sears Video Arcade II.

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The first VCS bundle has two types of controllers: a joystick (part number CX10) and pair of rotary

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The CX2000, with integrated joystick controllers, was a redesign based on human factor analysis by

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Perry, Tekla; Wallich, Paul (March 1983). "Design case history: The Atari Video Computer System".

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Perry, Tekla; Wallich, Paul (March 1983). "Design case history: the Atari Video Computer System".

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Atari introduced the CX50 Keyboard Controller in June 1978 along with two games that require it:

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became the 2600's highest-selling game, but was panned for being inferior to the arcade version.

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As part of the deal, Atari wanted a second source of the chipset. Peddle and Paivinen suggested

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brand name for its cartridges. Third-party games accounted for half of VCS game sales by 1982.

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77, a clone of the Atari 2600 that plays original cartridges instead of preinstalled games.

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and requires games to instruct the system to generate graphics in synchronization with the

381:. Atari rebranded the VCS as the Atari 2600 in November 1982, alongside the release of the 8329: 8068: 7903: 7758: 7582: 7497: 7487: 7274: 7258: 7184: 7045: 6657: 6372: 6361: 6238: 6190: 6184: 6077: 5981: 5971: 5870: 5144: 4368: 2902: 2858: 2848: 2553: 2195: 2134: 1984: 1746: 1575: 1517: 1260: 354: 7623: 5660: 4072: 2525: 1323:

pulling funds out of video games, beginning a cascade of disastrous effects known as the

991:" to perform other functions while the electron gun scans outside of the visible screen. 2706: 55: 8445: 8415: 8400: 8291: 7982: 7880: 7123: 6839: 6272: 6067: 5831: 5775: 3887: 3182: 2548: 2211: 2101: 2053: 2051:

In 1977, nine games were released on cartridge to accompany the launch of the console:

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had distributed the 2600 in Japan previously. The 2800 was released a short time after

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shipped with special "driving controllers", which are like paddles but rotate freely.

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After more than 14 years on the market, 2600 production ended in 1992, along with the

516:, were factors in ending Atari's relevance in the console market, contributing to the 8602: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8170: 8142: 8015: 7954: 7587: 7531: 7521: 7263: 7088: 6489: 6142: 6092: 6057: 5687: 5298:"Nerdly Pleasures: The Forgotten Switch : The Atari 2600's B&W/Color Switch" 5240: 5148: 5117: 4318: 3484: 3325: 2765: 2323: 1976: 1957: 1846: 1708: 1686: 1173: 1020: 964: 848: 467: 430:

are in color while the arcade originals have monochrome graphics. The system's first

343: 211: 113: 5702: 5503: 5439: 8592: 8405: 8364: 8175: 7857: 7806: 7796: 7791: 7768: 7753: 7655: 7492: 7472: 7348: 7154: 7138: 7093: 7078: 7057: 7040: 6573: 6566: 6209: 6052: 5991: 5884: 5385: 4820: 4384: 4189: 4137: 4077: 3306: 2941: 2353:, in 2007. In 2009, the Atari 2600 was named the number two console of all time by 2238: 2214:

technique between two 4K segments. Some later releases, including Atari's ports of

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The all-black model that first used the Atari 2600 name (released in November 1982)

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under Tramiel released a revised, low-cost 2600 model, and the backward-compatible

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The initial production of the VCS was made in Sunnyvale during 1977, using thick

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From 1980, the VCS has only four front switches and a capital-letters logotype.

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to seek a programmable home system. The first inexpensive microprocessors from

8359: 8324: 8225: 7931: 7885: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7597: 7482: 7467: 7212: 7083: 7035: 7030: 7025: 7020: 6853: 6818: 6769: 6755: 6162: 6157: 6082: 6006: 5941: 5912: 3982: 3773: 2851: 2346: 2335: 1995: 1946: 1924: 1904: 1892: 1475: 1410: 1252: 1235: 1196: 1003: 952: 775: 631: 536: 513: 459: 382: 310: 4310: 3936:. pp. Late City Final Edition, Section D, Page 1, Column 6, 1115 words. 3338: 3271: 3226: 2826: 2813: 1825:

under the latter's Tele-Games brand, which started in 1975 with the original

1369:

The North American video game market did not recover until about 1986, after

1362:, though Warner retained Atari's arcade business. Tramiel was a proponent of 8476: 8410: 8197: 8078: 7969: 7959: 7895: 7811: 7207: 6965: 6762: 6382: 6377: 6231: 6147: 6047: 5976: 5810: 5667: 5328: 5084: 3448: 3258: 3213: 3033: 2781: 2598: 2228: 2139: 2083: 1865: 1832: 1712: 1571: 1445: 1284: 1189: 1163: 1157: 1098: 987:(CRT) as it scans across rows on the screen. The programmers found ways to " 971: 956: 909: 796: 7686: 1498: 512:

season and was similarly disparaged. Both games, and a glut of third-party

46: 2766:"MOS 6502 the second of a low cost high performance microprocessor family" 2242:, began using the TV type switch for gameplay functions, such as pausing. 1609:

format, is limited to 8 colors, each with only a single brightness level.

1417:. In Europe, last stocks of the 2600 were sold until Summer/Fall of 1995. 523:

Warner sold the assets of Atari's consumer electronics division to former

8523: 8461: 8420: 8053: 8030: 7992: 7987: 7926: 7118: 6804: 6797: 6790: 6783: 6608: 6580: 6356: 6328: 6152: 6042: 5966: 5961: 5856: 5529: 4961: 4736: 4641: 2002: 1884: 1869: 1682: 1503: 1370: 1296: 1276: 1264: 1016: 948: 916: 803: 596: 540: 480: 404: 351: 1707:

There were two attempts to turn the Atari 2600 into a keyboard-equipped

1343:

loss for 1983 as a whole, and continued to lose money into 1984, with a

951:"Stella" after the brand of Decuir's bicycle. This prototype included a 788:. While Atari continued to develop new arcade games in following years, 8379: 8301: 8296: 8211: 8180: 8165: 8101: 7829: 7801: 7536: 7179: 5996: 5211: 4670:"The Sears Tele-Games Video Arcade (1977) and the Coleco Gemini (1982)" 3606:

Encyclopedia of Video Games: The Culture, Technology, and Art of Gaming

2636: 2216: 1256: 490: 474:

consoles. Games grew to use four or more times the storage size of the

6406: 4274:"Racing the Beam: How Atari 2600's Crazy Hardware Changed Game Design" 3692: 3001:

The encyclopedia of consoles, handhelds & home computers 1972–2005

2903:"Racing the Beam: How Atari 2600's Crazy Hardware Changed Game Design" 1994:(2005) contains 40 games, with four additional programs unlocked by a 1752:

Sears rebranded the VCS as the "Video Arcade" for its Tele-Games line.

1030:

By October 1976, Warner and Atari agreed to the purchase of Atari for

403:

in late 1975 made this feasible. The console was prototyped under the

7946: 7936: 7844: 7778: 6587: 5956: 5951: 3444:"A History of Gaming Platforms: Atari 2600 Video Computer System/VCS" 3162:. Episode 4. Scott West Productions. August 10, 2003. 23 minutes in. 2006: 1965: 1907:-like appearance. It was advertised as a budget gaming system (under 1280: 1087: (equivalent to about $ 1,000 in 2023), with two joysticks and a 882:, the 6502 would be too expensive, and Peddle offered them a planned 140: 131: 122: 5561:"Atari 2600 Gets Three New Releases, 28 Years After Discontinuation" 2840:

Oral History of Chuck Peddle. Computer History Museum X7180.2014

1093:

cartridge; eight additional games were sold separately. Most of the

8502: 8486: 8481: 8435: 8278: 8063: 8020: 7821: 7725: 6727: 6295: 6016: 6011: 2327: 2289: 2119: 1960:

have been released since the lifespan of the original Atari 2600:

1822: 1674: 1606: 1602: 1594: 1532:), using a special switch box to act as the television's antenna. 1529: 1497: 1268: 1125: 1070: 1069: 1053: 1045: 927: 831: 435: 411:. Lacking funding to complete the project, Bushnell sold Atari to 374: 149: 3480:"Activisionaries: How Four Programmers Changed The Game Industry" 2143:

series, was commissioned for one cover, the arcade conversion of

8235: 8157: 8124: 7973: 6983: 6692: 6685: 6678: 5986: 5440:"When Two Tribes Go to War: A History of Video Game Controversy" 4458:"AtariAge – Atari 2600 – Controllers – Remote Control Joysticks" 2245:

Two Atari-published games, both from the system's peak in 1982,

1880:. Around 30 specially branded games were released for the 2800. 1827: 1590: 1521: 1467: 1366:, and halted all new 2600 game development soon after the sale. 1097:

were based on arcade games developed by Atari or its subsidiary

790: 780: 296: 7690: 7278: 6268: 5722: 5080:"How Atari Box Art Turned 8-bit Games Into Virtual Wonderlands" 4385:"A History of WCI Games / Atari / Atari Games / Atari Holdings" 2814:"Atari Video Computer System: Bring Entertainment Stories Home" 2415: 2413: 1171:

Atari 2600 machines were sold by 1982. A March 1983 article in

1011:

a sale to a larger firm by early 1976. Atari was introduced to

8207: 8185: 8134: 8058: 8007: 5592:"Atari's New Collectible Game Cartridges Off To A Rocky Start" 3707:

Master of the Game: Steve Ross and the Creation of Time Warner

2372:. These were previously included in Atari Flashback consoles. 2354: 1666: 1598: 1525: 5718: 5642: 5176:"Atari bankruptcy: Remembering the 2600, 7 bestselling games" 2842:

https://www.computerhistory.org/collections/catalog/102739938

1711:: Atari's never-released CX3000 "Graduate" keyboard, and the 1593:

mode provides 192 visible lines per screen, drawn at 60

1459:

was only 2 KB. Later games circumvented this limitation with

1195:

In 1982, Atari launched its second programmable console, the

5020:"Atari 2600+ sees its future in retro gaming | CNN Business" 1983:

the 2600 with ten games inside an Atari-style joystick with

1551:, which share the same colors as the players; and a 1-pixel 1155:

units during 1982, according to a November 1983 article in

4172:. No. 62. EGM Media, LLC. September 1994. p. 18. 1913:

North American launch of the Nintendo Entertainment System

1520:

signal compatible with the regional television standards (

3389:(in French). No. 67. December 1989. pp. 126–8. 2937:"The Untold Story Of The Invention Of The Game Cartridge" 2587: 2585: 2583: 2581: 2579: 2577: 2575: 811:

components into circuits, rather than programmed as on a

6264: 4488:"AtariAge – Atari 2600 – Controllers – Kid's Controller" 3133:

10 million – number of Atari 2600 consoles sold by 1982.

2253:, are cited as factors in the video game crash of 1983. 2210:(1981) is the first game for the system to use 8K via a 2016:

can download and emulate 2600 games via an online store.

815:. Therefore, development of a console had cost at least 392:, but their development cost and limited lifespan drove 3768:

Mikkelson, Barbara; Mikkelson, David P (May 10, 2011).

3549:. Vol. 2, no. 13. August 4, 1980. p. 1. 3361:. Vol. 2, no. 23. January 1984. pp. 46–7 3207:

Hubner, John; Kistner, William F. (November 28, 1983).

4930:"Atari 2600 fans get the revival console they deserve" 3473: 3471: 2625: 2623: 2621: 2202:

Each early VCS game is in a 2K ROM. Later games, like

2199:

arcade games, released in 1981, were also major hits.

1511:

The Atari 2600 was designed to be compatible with the

1207: (equivalent to $ 390 in 2023). The company spent 1062:

The unit was showcased on June 4, 1977, at the Summer

30:"Atari VCS" redirects here. For the 2021 console, see 8552: 5050:"Video Games Console Library Atari VCS Launch Titles" 2930: 2928: 1927:

was a version of the 2600 with wireless controllers.

1895:, which was redesigned for the 7800 by Barney Huang. 894:. Cyan and MOS negotiated the 6507 and RIOT chips at 3022: 3020: 2124:

Cover art for Atari's games, such as this cover for

1313:

season, Atari had placed high sales expectations on

71:

Atari Video Computer System (prior to November 1982)

8516: 8495: 8454: 8393: 8352: 8317: 8310: 8277: 8234: 8206: 8156: 8133: 8100: 8077: 8029: 8006: 7968: 7945: 7917: 7894: 7866: 7843: 7820: 7777: 7724: 7616: 7555: 7460: 7451: 7393: 7317: 7251: 7221: 7200: 7193: 7167: 7147: 7106: 7066: 6975: 6941: 6919: 6414: 6337: 6309: 6302: 6218: 6171: 6105: 6025: 5929: 5841: 5765: 5756: 4733:"Atari 2600 – Sears – Picture Label Variation" 4436:"Gamertell Review: Wico's Command Control Joystick" 3442:Barton, Matt; Loguidice, Bill (February 28, 2008). 2776:(9). IEEE Computer Society: 38–39. September 1975. 1780:

The 1986 cost-reduced version, nicknamed "2600 Jr."

1128:to develop a VCS conversion of its 1978 arcade hit 458:. The popularity of the VCS led to the founding of 306: 292: 273: 249: 239: 231: 217: 207: 199: 184: 173: 165: 105: 95: 85: 75: 65: 5659: 5239: 4185:"10 most influential games consoles – in pictures" 3685:IEEE Technology and Engineering Management Society 3353:"EG Goes Continental: Europe Joins the Game World" 2705: 2699: 2693: 2691: 2689: 2687: 2685: 2683: 2681: 2679: 1597:, with 16 colors, each at 8 levels of brightness. 1482:the controller ports, TV output, and power input. 5149:"Adventure for the Atari 2600 Video Game Console" 4726: 4724: 3202: 3200: 3067:(1 ed.). CRC Press. pp. 458, 466, 518. 2677: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2669: 2667: 2665: 2663: 2661: 2659: 2522:"Info about cart sizes and bankswitching methods" 1585:Regional releases of the Atari 2600 use modified 5662:Racing the Beam: The Atari Video Computer System 5073: 5071: 4073:"Where every home game turns out to be a winter" 3029:"Atari: The Golden Years – A History, 1978–1981" 2187:to drive console sales. Versions of Atari's own 1083:The Atari VCS was launched in September 1977 at 886:, a cost-reduced version of the 6502, and MOS's 7593:Palmtex Portable Videogame System / Super Micro 3574:"Atari attempts to gobble software competition" 2896: 2894: 1180:In Europe, the Atari VCS sold 125,000 units in 543:that led the recovery of the industry with its 4762: 4760: 4758: 4348: 4256: 4244: 4227: 4215: 3983:"Atari 2600 1986 Commercial 'The Fun is Back'" 2807: 2805: 2803: 2419: 2226:, are 16K cartridges. One of the final games, 450:, also released in 1980, was one of the first 342:-based hardware and games stored on swappable 8039:Family Computer/Nintendo Entertainment System 7702: 7290: 6280: 5734: 3748: 3746: 3254:"Atari: From Starting Black to Auction Block" 932:The first Stella prototype on display at the 8: 361:controllers, and a game cartridge—initially 39: 5504:"The Atari 2600 makes the Toy Hall of Fame" 5471:"Atari and the deep history of video games" 4693: 4691: 3753:Crawford, Chris (1991). "The Atari Years". 3721:"IGN: Top 10 Best-Selling Atari 2600 Games" 3677:IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management 2852:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=enHF9lMseP8 2047:List of best-selling Atari 2600 video games 8639:Products and services discontinued in 1992 8314: 7709: 7695: 7687: 7457: 7297: 7283: 7275: 7197: 7144: 7063: 6916: 6405: 6306: 6287: 6273: 6265: 5762: 5741: 5727: 5719: 5625:Tim Lapetino (2016). "Industrial Design". 4378: 4376: 3644:"Competitors Claim Role in Warner Setback" 2464:"On Game Design: A History of Video Games" 558: 54: 45: 38: 5658:Montfort, Nick & Bogost, Ian (2009). 4330: 4328: 4138:"Atari Benelux Timeline – Atarimuseum.nl" 3803:. Södertörns högskola. pp. 161–191. 3209:"The Industry: What went wrong at Atari?" 2825: 2433:"A Brief History of Game Console Warfare" 1968:includes 127 games in an enlarged joypad. 1685:. The CX40 joystick can be used with the 1478:, and the state of the game environment. 784:, released in 1972, the first successful 454:and contains the first widely recognized 3321:"Technology: The games that aliens play" 3143: 3141: 3058: 3056: 2515: 2513: 2511: 2387: 2385: 2168:, and the first home game with a hidden 1299:to develop a version of the arcade game 8559: 8344:1292 Advanced Programmable Video System 7517:1292 Advanced Programmable Video System 5540:from the original on September 29, 2011 5174:Kevin Day, Patrick (January 22, 2013). 4999:from the original on September 16, 2024 4743:from the original on September 29, 2015 4616:from the original on September 11, 2018 4575:"The Spectravideo "Compumate" Keyboard" 4545:"The Atari "Graduate" Computer CX-3000" 4197:from the original on September 17, 2018 4107:"Video Games, Once Zapped, In Comeback" 3940:from the original on November 18, 2016. 3919: 3917: 3858:"Atari's Buried E.T. Games Up for Sale" 3780:from the original on September 11, 2012 3580:. Vol. 3, no. 31. p. 1. 2735: 2733: 2731: 2729: 2606:from the original on September 12, 2018 2409: 2381: 1203:to make and was sold for an average of 1151:propelled worldwide Atari VCS sales to 1023:'s patents that were the basis for the 908:, an arcade game by Atari's subsidiary 8629:Computer-related introductions in 1977 5602:from the original on November 28, 2021 5571:from the original on November 28, 2021 5356:"The Atari 2600 Video Computer System" 5207:"The video games boom has yet to come" 5125:from the original on November 13, 2020 5078:Webster, Andrew (September 19, 2013). 4705:. Sears. December 8, 1982. p. 9. 4668:Grasso, Michael (September 19, 2017). 4585:from the original on November 26, 2019 4104:Pollack, Andrew (September 27, 1986). 3523:from the original on December 20, 2016 3114:Guinness World Records Gamer's Edition 2788:from the original on February 24, 2021 2698:Goldberg, Marty; Vendel, Curt (2012). 2470:from the original on November 24, 2007 350:in 1976. The VCS was bundled with two 8644:Second-generation video game consoles 5510:from the original on December 8, 2015 5392:from the original on December 7, 2008 5386:"AGH – Third Party Profile: Mystique" 5308:from the original on January 28, 2024 5155:from the original on October 25, 2007 5111:Wanserski, Nick (February 22, 2017). 4904:"The Atari 3200: Super-Stella/Sylvia" 4884:from the original on January 17, 2013 4468:from the original on October 11, 2017 4423:from the original on October 9, 2022. 4267: 4265: 3868:from the original on January 18, 2021 3837:from the original on February 9, 2017 3623:from the original on October 20, 2023 3584:from the original on October 20, 2023 3553:from the original on October 20, 2023 3393:from the original on December 8, 2021 3233:from the original on October 20, 2023 3041:from the original on October 10, 2018 2560:from the original on January 14, 2019 2341:The Atari 2600 was inducted into the 778:in 1972. Its first major product was 669: 7: 5030:from the original on October 1, 2023 4858:from the original on August 27, 2022 4827:from the original on October 6, 2007 4525:from the original on August 28, 2018 4183:Stewart, Keith (February 24, 2017). 4085:from the original on October 3, 2021 3993:from the original on August 17, 2019 3801:History of Insolvancy and Bankruptcy 3642:Rosenberg, Ron (December 11, 1982). 3609:. Vol. 2. ABC-CLIO. p. 6. 3329:. Vol. 88, no. 1232–1233. 1562:to avoid the cost of the associated 1215:to manufacture each cartridge, plus 988: 898:a pair. MOS also introduced Cyan to 5559:Gardner, Matt (November 17, 2021). 5502:Farhad Manjoo (November 10, 2007). 5483:from the original on April 16, 2009 5219:from the original on April 14, 2021 5092:from the original on April 19, 2021 5056:from the original on August 8, 2017 5018:Nam, Michael (September 30, 2023). 4957:"Atari VCS is now available to buy" 4936:from the original on August 5, 2017 4709:from the original on April 17, 2023 4606:"You Can Judge a 2600 By Its Cover" 4555:from the original on April 30, 2015 4286:from the original on July 12, 2014. 3893:The Ultimate History of Video Games 3755:The Journal of Computer Game Design 3252:Bisson, Gisselle (August 6, 1984). 2980:from the original on March 10, 2021 2949:from the original on April 13, 2019 2630:Goldberg, Marty (January 4, 2008). 2549:"Nolan Busnell is Back in the Game" 2490:"Image of box with Pac-Man sticker" 2462:Weesner, Jason (January 11, 2007). 2023:(2023) contains 130 games built-in. 1831:. This is unrelated to the company 1358:, in July 1984 in a deal valued at 1227: (equivalent to $ 60 in 2023). 673:Rebranding to Atari 2600 (November) 5335:from the original on July 25, 2012 5205:Hutcheon, Stephen (June 7, 1983). 5186:from the original on June 16, 2013 4969:from the original on June 15, 2021 4801:from the original on July 15, 2020 4676:from the original on July 22, 2020 4649:from the original on July 26, 2020 4335:Wright, Steve (December 3, 1979), 3731:from the original on July 26, 2011 3719:Buchanan, Levi (August 26, 2008). 3572:John Markoff (December 21, 1981). 3423:from the original on July 18, 2023 3383:[War in the Living Room]. 3333:. December 18, 1980. p. 782. 2935:Edwards, Benj (January 22, 2015). 2913:from the original on July 27, 2010 2818:IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine 2592:Fulton, Steve (November 6, 2007). 2183:cartridges by 1983. It became the 1558:The system was designed without a 945:University of California, Berkeley 330:Released in September 1977 as the 180: (equivalent to $ 960 in 2023) 25: 5590:Fahey, Mike (November 17, 2021). 5450:from the original on July 9, 2009 5278:from the original on May 20, 2018 4989:"Atari Flashback 12 Gold Console" 4498:from the original on May 18, 2019 4391:from the original on May 25, 2018 4144:from the original on May 16, 2023 4118:from the original on June 6, 2021 4053:from the original on May 20, 2018 4023:from the original on May 20, 2018 3963:from the original on May 10, 2023 3478:Reeves, Ben (February 26, 2013). 3101:. September 2007. pp. 24–33. 3027:Fulton, Steve (August 21, 2008). 2875:. Atarimuseum.com. Archived from 2594:"The History of Atari: 1971–1977" 2496:from the original on May 29, 2008 2266:Mystique Presents Swedish Erotica 1223:for advertising, wholesaling for 970:As the TIA's design was refined, 388:Atari was successful at creating 253: 60:Four-switch VCS model (1980–1982) 8654:Discontinued video game consoles 8586: 8574: 8562: 5415:. Classic Gaming. Archived from 5329:"Classic 1UP.Com's Essential 50" 4411:"United States Patent 4,349,708" 4272:Kohler, Chris (March 13, 2009). 3953:"Here are ColecoVision's jewels" 3924:Sange, David E. (July 3, 1984). 3543:"Atari Sues to k.o. Competition" 2901:Kohler, Chris (March 19, 2009). 2742:Commodore: A company on the edge 1941:Related hardware and recreations 1773: 1759: 1745: 1731: 1633: 1621: 1167:magazine article says more than 959:, who created a chip called the 7013: 5703:A history of the Atari VCS/2600 5469:Edgers, Geoff (March 8, 2009). 4955:Bonifac, Igor (June 15, 2021). 4637:"Atari 2600 Catalog: Telegames" 4604:Beaudoin, Dave (May 31, 2016). 3951:Holyoak, Craig (May 30, 1984). 3927:"Warner Sells Atari To Tramiel" 3158:"The Agony & The Ecstasy". 3089:"The Definitive Space Invaders" 2968:Goll, Steve (October 1, 1984). 2861:time index: 0:59:10 and 1:19:24 2334:released in 1979 and later the 2300:Smithsonian American Art Museum 2280:General George Armstrong Custer 2274:, was protested by women's and 1034:. Warner provided an estimated 996:Fairchild Camera and Instrument 346:, a format first used with the 155: 8649:65xx-based video game consoles 8385:View-Master Interactive Vision 4906:. AtarL Museum. Archived from 4434:Hruschak, PJ (April 1, 2008). 3856:Poeter, Damon (May 31, 2014). 2547:Chafkin, Max (April 1, 2009). 2175:Rick Maurer's port of Taito's 1973:Atari Classics 10-in-1 TV Game 1124:Atari obtained a license from 939:By December 1975, Atari hired 1: 4878:"The Atari CX-2000 Prototype" 4848:"Atari 2600 Jr. | Atari 2600" 4081:. March 6, 1986. p. 15. 3173:Vendel, Curt (May 28, 2009). 2439:. May 9, 2007. Archived from 2264:games for the 2600 under the 2232:(1990), doubled this to 32K. 1379:Nintendo Entertainment System 549:Nintendo Entertainment System 508:was rushed to market for the 8370:Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy 7508:Gakken Compact Vision TV Boy 6118:Television Interface Adaptor 5947:American Multiple Industries 3262:. Vol. 6, no. 32. 3217:. Vol. 5, no. 48. 2258:American Multiple Industries 1719:which was released in 1983. 1537:Television Interface Adaptor 1492:Television Interface Adaptor 1436:The Atari 2600's CPU is the 1184:during 1980, and 450,000 in 1079:, the pack-in game at launch 961:Television Interface Adaptor 822:By 1974, Atari had acquired 452:action-adventure video games 244:Television Interface Adaptor 8440:3DO Interactive Multiplayer 8425:3DO Interactive Multiplayer 8087:3DO Interactive Multiplayer 7568:Children's Discovery System 4519:"Atari 8-Bit Computers FAQ" 3652:. p. 1. Archived from 3513:"The History Of Activision" 3264:InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. 3219:InfoWorld Media Group, Inc. 2278:groups because it depicted 2268:label. The most notorious, 2206:, have 4K. The VCS port of 770:Atari, Inc. was founded by 464:third-party game developers 434:was the home conversion of 407:Stella by Atari subsidiary 332:Atari Video Computer System 8670: 7608:Epoch Game Pocket Computer 7563:Milton Bradley Microvision 4821:"2600 Consoles and Clones" 4349:Montfort & Bogost 2009 4257:Montfort & Bogost 2009 4245:Montfort & Bogost 2009 4228:Montfort & Bogost 2009 4216:Montfort & Bogost 2009 4164:"When Pac Ruled the Earth" 3299:10.1109/MSPEC.1983.6369841 3149:Cartridge Sales Since 1980 2708:Atari Inc: Business is Fun 2420:Montfort & Bogost 2009 2330:—which are central to the 2247:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial 2137:, a concept artist on the 2044: 2038: 1489: 1424: 1316:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial 660:First bank-switched game: 497:E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial 326:developed and produced by 29: 8541: 7876:Commodore 64 Games System 7636: 7624:Nintendo Game & Watch 6403: 6253: 4337:Stella Programmer's Guide 4169:Electronic Gaming Monthly 3770:"Buried Atari Cartridges" 3331:Reed Business Information 3063:Smith, Alexander (2019). 2873:"The Atari VCS Prototype" 2812:Decuir, Joe (July 2015). 2632:"The 2600 Story – Part I" 2343:National Toy Hall of Fame 2152:An Atari VCS port of the 1932:Henry Dreyfuss Associates 1161:magazine. An August 1984 1064:Consumer Electronics Show 943:, a recent graduate from 760: 755: 742: 737: 732: 727: 719: 714: 703: 693: 656: 637: 626: 621: 613: 602: 591: 580: 575: 564: 531:in 1984; in 1986 the new 466:and competition from the 53: 44: 8634:Home video game consoles 7718:Home video game consoles 7645:Third generation → 7640:← First generation 5530:"Atari 2600 is number 2" 4311:10.1177/1461444809350996 3826:"Atari Parts Are Dumped" 3221:pp. 151–158 (157). 3003:. GAMEPLAN. p. 27. 2999:Forster, Winnie (2005). 2827:10.1109/MCE.2015.2421572 2041:List of Atari 2600 games 2014:Atari VCS (2021 console) 1325:video game crash of 1983 900:Microcomputer Associates 855:MOS Technology 6502/6507 786:coin-operated video game 698:Video game crash of 1983 518:video game crash of 1983 32:Atari VCS (2021 console) 8044:Super Famicom/Super NES 8016:PC Engine/TurboGrafx-16 7325:Home video game console 6245:Atari video game burial 5713:Hardware and prototypes 5246:. Syngress Publishing. 4880:. www.atarimuseum.com. 4769:"The Atari 2800 System" 4299:New Media & Society 3386:Science & Vie Micro 2782:10.1109/C-M.1975.219074 2740:Bagnall, Brian (2011). 2021:Atari Flashback 12 Gold 1474:for scratch space, the 1356:Commodore International 1332:Atari video game burial 1231:Third-party development 934:Computer History Museum 746:Final game from Atari: 723:Release of US$ 50 model 560:Atari VCS/2600 timeline 379:Tele-Games Video Arcade 377:sold the system as the 324:home video game console 203:30 million (as of 2004) 90:Home video game console 27:Home video game console 7578:Entex Adventure Vision 7134:Transputer Workstation 6943:Software and utilities 4672:. We Are the Mutants. 4416:. September 14, 1982. 3833:. September 28, 1983. 3381:"Guerre Dans Le Salon" 3119:Guinness World Records 2857:June 11, 2021, at the 2847:June 11, 2021, at the 2520:Horton, Kevin (1996). 2318: 2296:The Art of Video Games 2129: 1508: 1080: 1059: 1051: 936: 357:, a conjoined pair of 7909:Super Cassette Vision 7853:Coleco Telstar Arcade 7498:Epoch Cassette Vision 7438:Eighth (2012–present) 7337:Handheld game console 7208:825 80-Column Printer 7114:Atari 8-bit computers 6138:Starpath Supercharger 5708:Inside the Atari 2600 5645:on September 12, 2017 4791:"Atari 7800 and 2600" 4367:July 7, 2011, at the 3603:Mark P. Wolf (2012). 2970:"When The Magic Goes" 2332:Atari 8-bit computers 2293: 2260:produced a number of 2166:action-adventure game 2123: 1919:Unreleased prototypes 1679:Atari 8-bit computers 1605:mode, also a 50 1566:. The background and 1501: 1415:Atari 8-bit computers 1334:. Long considered an 1147:copies sold by 1990. 1073: 1057: 1049: 1013:Warner Communications 931: 608:Warner Communications 413:Warner Communications 7443:Ninth (2020–present) 6088:Howard Scott Warshaw 5619:General bibliography 4517:Current, Michael D. 4383:Current, Michael A. 3121:. 2008. p. 24. 2528:on February 23, 2021 1954:retro-style consoles 1817:Atari continued its 1535:Atari developed the 1466:The console has 128 1291:Decline and redesign 802:, competing against 8335:Fairchild Channel F 7573:Entex Select-A-Game 7503:Fairchild Channel F 7433:Seventh (2005–2017) 7306:Video game consoles 7234:Atari joystick port 6976:Video game consoles 6197:Atari Greatest Hits 6172:Emulation and ports 6123:Atari joystick port 6113:Atari 2600 hardware 5715:at the Atari Museum 5366:on January 18, 2013 5238:Grand, Joe (2004). 4910:on January 18, 2013 4610:Digital Game Museum 3656:on November 7, 2012 3511:Flemming, Jeffrey. 3492:on January 27, 2021 3417:amp.theguardian.com 3185:on December 6, 2010 2879:on January 17, 2013 2644:on October 13, 2013 2351:Rochester, New York 1853:Submarine Commander 1813:Sears Video Arcade 1659:Atari joystick port 1543:: two 8-pixel wide 1440:, a version of the 1438:MOS Technology 6507 1427:Atari 2600 hardware 1111:(1974) and Atari's 1105:was based on Kee's 924:Building the system 884:6507 microprocessor 865:6502 microprocessor 859:In September 1975, 851:in future systems. 617:Launch of Atari VCS 561: 348:Fairchild Channel F 301:Atari Video Pinball 225:MOS Technology 6507 41: 8176:Mega Drive/Genesis 7603:Romtec Colorvision 7547:VTech CreatiVision 7418:Fourth (1987–2004) 7408:Second (1976–1992) 7213:1020 Color Printer 7168:Portable computers 7107:Personal computers 6749:Return of the Jedi 6504:Cloak & Dagger 5438:Gonzalez, Lauren. 5413:"Custer's Revenge" 5304:. March 22, 2015. 5272:www.atarimania.com 4440:Technologytell.com 4112:The New York Times 3933:The New York Times 3898:Three Rivers Press 3831:The New York Times 3099:Imagine Publishing 2319: 2130: 1975:, manufactured by 1821:relationship with 1809:of the same name. 1649:paddle controllers 1570:apply to a single 1509: 1444:, running at 1.19 1381:in North America. 1364:personal computers 1279:. The founding of 1182:the United Kingdom 1081: 1060: 1052: 1042:Launch and success 967:slot and adapter. 937: 813:mainframe computer 559: 432:killer application 390:arcade video games 338:), it popularized 235:128 bytes RAM 174:Introductory price 18:Sears Video Arcade 8550: 8549: 8537: 8536: 8467:EVO Smart Console 7787:Super Vision 8000 7684: 7683: 7632: 7631: 7542:Super Vision 8000 7428:Sixth (1998–2013) 7423:Fifth (1993–2006) 7413:Third (1983–2003) 7403:First (1972–1980) 7361:Dedicated console 7310:second generation 7272: 7271: 7247: 7246: 7163: 7162: 7102: 7101: 6997:Atari Video Music 6937: 6936: 6401: 6400: 6388:Nightdive Studios 6352:Atari Interactive 6323:Atari Corporation 6262: 6261: 6101: 6100: 5677:978-0-262-01257-7 5638:978-1-5241-0103-9 5419:on April 16, 2009 4932:. June 14, 2017. 4731:Yarusso, Albert. 4635:Yarusso, Albert. 4446:on April 3, 2016. 4362:"TIA color chart" 4247:, pp. 25–26. 3959:. pp. 4 WV. 3810:978-91-89315-94-5 3693:10.1109/17.985749 3293:(3): 45, 50, 51. 2744:. Variant Press. 1992:Atari Flashback 2 1887:and a 270-degree 1383:Atari Corporation 1354:, the founder of 998:for its upcoming 768: 767: 707:Sale of Atari to 606:Sale of Atari to 533:Atari Corporation 316: 315: 275:Best-selling game 16:(Redirected from 8661: 8591: 8590: 8579: 8578: 8567: 8566: 8565: 8558: 8340:Interton VC 4000 8315: 8110:Magnavox Odyssey 7711: 7704: 7697: 7688: 7513:Interton VC 4000 7458: 7299: 7292: 7285: 7276: 7198: 7145: 7064: 6959:Atari Calculator 6917: 6882:Tournament Table 6448:Atari Basketball 6441:Asteroids Deluxe 6409: 6368:Cyan Engineering 6307: 6289: 6282: 6275: 6266: 6219:Related articles 6033:Steve Cartwright 5763: 5743: 5736: 5729: 5720: 5692: 5681: 5665: 5654: 5652: 5650: 5641:. 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Cheese 6339: 6333: 6298: 6293: 6263: 6258: 6249: 6239:Racing the Beam 6214: 6191:Atari Flashback 6185:Atari Anthology 6167: 6097: 6078:Warren Robinett 6021: 5982:Parker Brothers 5972:Games by Apollo 5925: 5871:Missile Command 5837: 5752: 5747: 5699: 5684: 5678: 5657: 5648: 5646: 5639: 5624: 5621: 5616: 5615: 5605: 5603: 5589: 5588: 5584: 5574: 5572: 5558: 5557: 5553: 5543: 5541: 5528: 5527: 5523: 5513: 5511: 5501: 5500: 5496: 5486: 5484: 5468: 5467: 5463: 5453: 5451: 5437: 5436: 5432: 5422: 5420: 5410: 5409: 5405: 5395: 5393: 5388:. AtariHQ.com. 5384: 5383: 5379: 5369: 5367: 5353: 5352: 5348: 5338: 5336: 5326: 5325: 5321: 5311: 5309: 5296: 5295: 5291: 5281: 5279: 5266: 5265: 5261: 5254: 5237: 5236: 5232: 5222: 5220: 5204: 5203: 5199: 5189: 5187: 5173: 5172: 5168: 5158: 5156: 5143: 5142: 5138: 5128: 5126: 5110: 5109: 5105: 5095: 5093: 5077: 5076: 5069: 5059: 5057: 5048: 5047: 5043: 5033: 5031: 5017: 5016: 5012: 5002: 5000: 4993:AtGames E-Store 4987: 4986: 4982: 4972: 4970: 4954: 4953: 4949: 4939: 4937: 4928: 4927: 4923: 4913: 4911: 4902: 4901: 4897: 4887: 4885: 4876: 4875: 4871: 4861: 4859: 4845: 4844: 4840: 4830: 4828: 4819: 4818: 4814: 4804: 4802: 4789: 4788: 4784: 4773:atarimuseum.com 4766: 4765: 4756: 4746: 4744: 4730: 4729: 4722: 4712: 4710: 4697: 4696: 4689: 4679: 4677: 4667: 4666: 4662: 4652: 4650: 4634: 4633: 4629: 4619: 4617: 4603: 4602: 4598: 4588: 4586: 4573: 4572: 4568: 4558: 4556: 4543: 4542: 4538: 4528: 4526: 4516: 4515: 4511: 4501: 4499: 4486: 4485: 4481: 4471: 4469: 4456: 4455: 4451: 4433: 4432: 4428: 4420: 4413: 4409: 4408: 4404: 4394: 4392: 4382: 4381: 4374: 4369:Wayback Machine 4359: 4355: 4347: 4343: 4334: 4333: 4326: 4296: 4295: 4291: 4271: 4270: 4263: 4255: 4251: 4243: 4239: 4226: 4222: 4214: 4210: 4200: 4198: 4182: 4181: 4177: 4162: 4161: 4157: 4147: 4145: 4136: 4135: 4131: 4121: 4119: 4103: 4102: 4098: 4088: 4086: 4071: 4070: 4066: 4056: 4054: 4041: 4040: 4036: 4026: 4024: 4011: 4010: 4006: 3996: 3994: 3981: 3980: 3976: 3966: 3964: 3950: 3949: 3945: 3923: 3922: 3915: 3908: 3886: 3885: 3881: 3871: 3869: 3855: 3854: 3850: 3840: 3838: 3823: 3822: 3818: 3811: 3798: 3797: 3793: 3783: 3781: 3767: 3766: 3762: 3752: 3751: 3744: 3734: 3732: 3718: 3717: 3713: 3704: 3700: 3674: 3673: 3669: 3659: 3657: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3626: 3624: 3617: 3602: 3601: 3597: 3587: 3585: 3571: 3570: 3566: 3556: 3554: 3541: 3540: 3536: 3526: 3524: 3510: 3509: 3505: 3495: 3493: 3477: 3476: 3469: 3459: 3457: 3456:on May 13, 2014 3441: 3440: 3436: 3426: 3424: 3411: 3410: 3406: 3396: 3394: 3379: 3378: 3374: 3364: 3362: 3351: 3350: 3346: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3284: 3283: 3279: 3251: 3250: 3246: 3236: 3234: 3206: 3205: 3198: 3188: 3186: 3172: 3171: 3167: 3160:Once Upon Atari 3157: 3147: 3146: 3139: 3129: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3097:. 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1638: 1630: 1629: 1626: 1615: 1576:racing the beam 1518:radio frequency 1494: 1488: 1434: 1429: 1423: 1397: 1359: 1344: 1340: 1293: 1261:Games by Apollo 1233: 1224: 1220: 1216: 1212: 1208: 1204: 1200: 1168: 1152: 1144: 1101:: for example, 1084: 1044: 1035: 1031: 926: 920:the next week. 912:, on the JOLT. 895: 879: 868: 857: 844: 840:microprocessors 816: 764:Discontinuation 584:Acquisition of 557: 438:'s arcade game 299: 297:Atari Home Pong 285: 227:@ 1.19 MHz 191: 189: 177: 161: 148: 139: 130: 121: 118:September 1977 112: 66: 61: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8667: 8665: 8657: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8624:Atari consoles 8621: 8616: 8611: 8601: 8600: 8596: 8595: 8583: 8571: 8548: 8547: 8542: 8539: 8538: 8535: 8534: 8532: 8531: 8526: 8520: 8518: 8514: 8513: 8511: 8510: 8505: 8499: 8497: 8493: 8492: 8490: 8489: 8484: 8479: 8474: 8469: 8464: 8458: 8456: 8452: 8451: 8449: 8448: 8443: 8433: 8428: 8418: 8416:FM Towns Marty 8413: 8408: 8403: 8401:Amstrad GX4000 8397: 8395: 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6341: 6335: 6334: 6332: 6331: 6326: 6320: 6313: 6311: 6304: 6300: 6299: 6294: 6292: 6291: 6284: 6277: 6269: 6260: 6259: 6254: 6251: 6250: 6248: 6247: 6242: 6235: 6228: 6226:Homebrew games 6222: 6220: 6216: 6215: 6213: 6212: 6207: 6200: 6193: 6188: 6181: 6175: 6173: 6169: 6168: 6166: 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6133:XG-1 light gun 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6102: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6068:Carla Meninsky 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6029: 6027: 6023: 6022: 6020: 6019: 6014: 6009: 6004: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5979: 5974: 5969: 5964: 5959: 5954: 5949: 5944: 5939: 5933: 5931: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5923: 5916: 5909: 5902: 5895: 5888: 5881: 5878:Space Invaders 5874: 5867: 5860: 5853: 5845: 5843: 5839: 5838: 5836: 5835: 5832:Video Olympics 5828: 5821: 5814: 5807: 5800: 5793: 5786: 5779: 5776:Air-Sea Battle 5771: 5769: 5760: 5754: 5753: 5748: 5746: 5745: 5738: 5731: 5723: 5717: 5716: 5710: 5705: 5698: 5697:External links 5695: 5694: 5693: 5682: 5676: 5655: 5637: 5620: 5617: 5614: 5613: 5582: 5551: 5521: 5494: 5461: 5430: 5403: 5377: 5354:Vendel, Curt. 5346: 5319: 5289: 5259: 5253:978-1932266832 5252: 5230: 5197: 5166: 5136: 5103: 5067: 5041: 5010: 4980: 4947: 4921: 4895: 4869: 4852:retroplace.com 4838: 4812: 4782: 4767:Vendel, Curt. 4754: 4720: 4687: 4660: 4627: 4596: 4566: 4536: 4509: 4479: 4449: 4426: 4402: 4372: 4353: 4341: 4324: 4305:(1): 161–166. 4289: 4261: 4249: 4237: 4220: 4208: 4175: 4155: 4129: 4096: 4064: 4034: 4013:"Secret Quest" 4004: 3974: 3943: 3913: 3906: 3879: 3848: 3816: 3809: 3791: 3760: 3757:. Vol. 5. 3742: 3711: 3698: 3667: 3634: 3615: 3595: 3564: 3534: 3503: 3467: 3434: 3404: 3372: 3344: 3312: 3277: 3244: 3196: 3165: 3137: 3127: 3104: 3080: 3073: 3052: 3016: 3009: 2991: 2960: 2924: 2890: 2863: 2833: 2799: 2757: 2751:978-0973864960 2750: 2725: 2719:978-0985597405 2718: 2655: 2617: 2571: 2539: 2507: 2481: 2454: 2443:on May 9, 2007 2424: 2422:, p. 137. 2408: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2394: 2393: 2380: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2308:Space Invaders 2287: 2284: 2212:bank switching 2204:Space Invaders 2177:Space Invaders 2115:Video Olympics 2102:Video Olympics 2054:Air-Sea Battle 2039:Main article: 2036: 2033: 2032: 2031: 2024: 2017: 2010: 2005:announced the 1999: 1988: 1969: 1942: 1939: 1920: 1917: 1900: 1897: 1878:Space Invaders 1861: 1858: 1814: 1811: 1789: 1786: 1779: 1772: 1771: 1770: 1765: 1758: 1757: 1756: 1751: 1744: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1730: 1729: 1728: 1727: 1726: 1724: 1723:Console models 1721: 1639: 1632: 1631: 1627: 1620: 1619: 1618: 1617: 1616: 1614: 1611: 1490:Main article: 1487: 1484: 1461:bank switching 1450:memory-address 1433: 1430: 1425:Main article: 1422: 1419: 1292: 1289: 1232: 1229: 1134:Space Invaders 1130:Space Invaders 1043: 1040: 925: 922: 861:MOS Technology 856: 853: 772:Nolan Bushnell 766: 765: 762: 758: 757: 753: 752: 744: 740: 739: 735: 734: 730: 729: 725: 724: 721: 717: 716: 712: 711: 705: 701: 700: 695: 691: 690: 675: 674: 671: 667: 666: 658: 654: 653: 644:Space Invaders 639: 635: 634: 628: 624: 623: 619: 618: 615: 611: 610: 604: 600: 599: 593: 589: 588: 582: 578: 577: 573: 572: 566: 556: 553: 441:Space Invaders 401:MOS Technology 397:Nolan Bushnell 344:ROM cartridges 340:microprocessor 314: 313: 308: 304: 303: 294: 290: 289: 277: 271: 270: 269: 268: 265: 262: 259: 256: 251: 247: 246: 241: 237: 236: 233: 229: 228: 221: 215: 214: 209: 205: 204: 201: 197: 196: 186: 182: 181: 175: 171: 170: 167: 163: 162: 160: 159: 154:October 1983 ( 146: 145:September 1983 137: 128: 119: 109: 107: 103: 102: 97: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 77: 73: 72: 69: 63: 62: 59: 51: 50: 26: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8666: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8606: 8604: 8594: 8589: 8584: 8582: 8577: 8572: 8570: 8560: 8556: 8545: 8540: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8522: 8521: 8519: 8515: 8509: 8508:Steam Machine 8506: 8504: 8501: 8500: 8498: 8494: 8488: 8485: 8483: 8480: 8478: 8475: 8473: 8470: 8468: 8465: 8463: 8460: 8459: 8457: 8453: 8447: 8444: 8441: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8426: 8422: 8419: 8417: 8414: 8412: 8409: 8407: 8404: 8402: 8399: 8398: 8396: 8392: 8386: 8383: 8381: 8378: 8376: 8373: 8371: 8368: 8366: 8363: 8361: 8358: 8357: 8355: 8351: 8345: 8341: 8338: 8336: 8333: 8331: 8328: 8326: 8323: 8322: 8320: 8316: 8313: 8309: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8284: 8282: 8280: 8276: 8270: 8269:PlayStation 5 8267: 8265: 8264:PlayStation 4 8262: 8260: 8259:PlayStation 3 8257: 8255: 8254:PlayStation 2 8252: 8250: 8247: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8237: 8233: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8218: 8216: 8213: 8209: 8205: 8199: 8196: 8194: 8191: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8178: 8177: 8174: 8172: 8171:Master System 8169: 8167: 8164: 8163: 8161: 8159: 8155: 8149: 8146: 8144: 8143:RCA Studio II 8141: 8140: 8138: 8136: 8132: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8113: 8111: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8099: 8093: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8084: 8082: 8080: 8076: 8070: 8067: 8065: 8062: 8060: 8057: 8055: 8052: 8050: 8047: 8045: 8042: 8040: 8037: 8036: 8034: 8032: 8028: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8013: 8011: 8009: 8005: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7980: 7978: 7975: 7971: 7967: 7961: 7958: 7956: 7955:Intellivision 7953: 7952: 7950: 7948: 7944: 7938: 7935: 7933: 7930: 7928: 7925: 7924: 7922: 7920: 7916: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7901: 7899: 7897: 7893: 7887: 7884: 7882: 7879: 7877: 7874: 7873: 7871: 7869: 7865: 7859: 7856: 7854: 7851: 7850: 7848: 7846: 7842: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7827: 7825: 7823: 7819: 7813: 7810: 7808: 7805: 7803: 7800: 7798: 7795: 7793: 7790: 7788: 7785: 7784: 7782: 7780: 7776: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7731: 7729: 7727: 7723: 7719: 7712: 7707: 7705: 7700: 7698: 7693: 7692: 7689: 7677: 7674: 7672: 7669: 7667: 7664: 7662: 7659: 7657: 7654: 7652: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7641: 7635: 7625: 7622: 7621: 7619: 7615: 7609: 7606: 7604: 7601: 7599: 7596: 7594: 7591: 7589: 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7569: 7566: 7564: 7561: 7560: 7558: 7554: 7548: 7545: 7543: 7540: 7538: 7535: 7533: 7532:RCA Studio II 7530: 7528: 7525: 7523: 7522:Intellivision 7520: 7518: 7514: 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7484: 7481: 7479: 7476: 7474: 7471: 7469: 7466: 7465: 7463: 7459: 7456: 7450: 7444: 7441: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7429: 7426: 7424: 7421: 7419: 7416: 7414: 7411: 7409: 7406: 7404: 7401: 7400: 7398: 7396: 7392: 7384: 7381: 7380: 7379: 7378:Retro console 7376: 7374: 7371: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7362: 7359: 7355: 7352: 7351: 7350: 7347: 7343: 7340: 7339: 7338: 7335: 7331: 7328: 7327: 7326: 7323: 7322: 7320: 7316: 7311: 7307: 7300: 7295: 7293: 7288: 7286: 7281: 7280: 7277: 7265: 7264:Intellivision 7262: 7260: 7257: 7256: 7254: 7250: 7240: 7237: 7235: 7232: 7230: 7229:CX40 joystick 7227: 7226: 7224: 7220: 7214: 7211: 7209: 7206: 7205: 7203: 7199: 7196: 7192: 7186: 7183: 7181: 7178: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7170: 7166: 7156: 7153: 7152: 7150: 7146: 7140: 7137: 7135: 7132: 7130: 7127: 7125: 7122: 7120: 7117: 7115: 7112: 7111: 7109: 7105: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7085: 7082: 7080: 7077: 7075: 7072: 7071: 7069: 7065: 7059: 7056: 7054: 7051: 7047: 7044: 7043: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7034: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7019: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7010: 7007: 7005: 7004: 7003:Video Pinball 7000: 6998: 6995: 6993: 6992: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6981: 6980: 6978: 6974: 6968: 6967: 6963: 6961: 6960: 6956: 6954: 6953: 6949: 6948: 6946: 6944: 6940: 6930: 6929: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6918: 6912: 6911: 6907: 6905: 6904: 6903:Video Pinball 6900: 6898: 6897: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6886: 6884: 6883: 6879: 6877: 6876: 6872: 6870: 6869: 6865: 6863: 6862: 6858: 6856: 6855: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6844: 6842: 6841: 6837: 6835: 6834: 6830: 6828: 6827: 6823: 6821: 6820: 6816: 6814: 6813: 6809: 6807: 6806: 6802: 6800: 6799: 6795: 6793: 6792: 6788: 6786: 6785: 6781: 6779: 6778: 6774: 6772: 6771: 6767: 6765: 6764: 6760: 6758: 6757: 6753: 6751: 6750: 6746: 6744: 6743: 6739: 6737: 6736: 6732: 6730: 6729: 6725: 6723: 6722: 6718: 6716: 6715: 6711: 6709: 6708: 6704: 6702: 6701: 6697: 6695: 6694: 6690: 6688: 6687: 6683: 6681: 6680: 6676: 6674: 6673: 6669: 6667: 6666: 6662: 6660: 6659: 6655: 6653: 6652: 6648: 6646: 6645: 6641: 6639: 6638: 6634: 6632: 6631: 6627: 6625: 6624: 6620: 6618: 6617: 6613: 6611: 6610: 6606: 6604: 6603: 6599: 6597: 6596: 6592: 6590: 6589: 6585: 6583: 6582: 6578: 6576: 6575: 6571: 6569: 6568: 6564: 6562: 6561: 6557: 6555: 6554: 6550: 6548: 6547: 6543: 6541: 6540: 6536: 6534: 6533: 6529: 6527: 6526: 6522: 6520: 6519: 6515: 6513: 6512: 6508: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6499: 6498: 6494: 6492: 6491: 6490:Canyon Bomber 6487: 6485: 6484: 6480: 6478: 6477: 6473: 6471: 6470: 6466: 6464: 6463: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6452: 6450: 6449: 6445: 6443: 6442: 6438: 6436: 6435: 6431: 6429: 6428: 6427:Anti-Aircraft 6424: 6423: 6421: 6419: 6413: 6408: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6363: 6360: 6358: 6355: 6353: 6350: 6348: 6345: 6344: 6342: 6340:and spin-offs 6336: 6330: 6327: 6324: 6321: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6308: 6305: 6301: 6297: 6290: 6285: 6283: 6278: 6276: 6271: 6270: 6267: 6257: 6252: 6246: 6243: 6241: 6240: 6236: 6234: 6233: 6229: 6227: 6224: 6223: 6221: 6217: 6211: 6208: 6206: 6205: 6201: 6199: 6198: 6194: 6192: 6189: 6187: 6186: 6182: 6180: 6177: 6176: 6174: 6170: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6143:Coleco Gemini 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6128:CX40 joystick 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6116: 6114: 6111: 6110: 6108: 6104: 6094: 6093:Bob Whitehead 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6058:Garry Kitchen 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6036: 6034: 6031: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6018: 6015: 6013: 6010: 6008: 6005: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5978: 5975: 5973: 5970: 5968: 5965: 5963: 5960: 5958: 5955: 5953: 5950: 5948: 5945: 5943: 5940: 5938: 5935: 5934: 5932: 5928: 5922: 5921: 5917: 5915: 5914: 5910: 5908: 5907: 5903: 5901: 5900: 5896: 5894: 5893: 5889: 5887: 5886: 5882: 5880: 5879: 5875: 5873: 5872: 5868: 5866: 5865: 5861: 5859: 5858: 5854: 5852: 5851: 5847: 5846: 5844: 5840: 5834: 5833: 5829: 5827: 5826: 5822: 5820: 5819: 5815: 5813: 5812: 5808: 5806: 5805: 5801: 5799: 5798: 5794: 5792: 5791: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5780: 5778: 5777: 5773: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5764: 5761: 5759: 5755: 5751: 5744: 5739: 5737: 5732: 5730: 5725: 5724: 5721: 5714: 5711: 5709: 5706: 5704: 5701: 5700: 5696: 5690: 5689: 5688:IEEE Spectrum 5683: 5679: 5673: 5669: 5664: 5663: 5656: 5649:September 11, 5644: 5640: 5634: 5630: 5629: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5601: 5597: 5593: 5586: 5583: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5555: 5552: 5544:September 22, 5539: 5535: 5531: 5525: 5522: 5509: 5505: 5498: 5495: 5482: 5478: 5477: 5472: 5465: 5462: 5449: 5446:. p. 3. 5445: 5441: 5434: 5431: 5418: 5414: 5407: 5404: 5391: 5387: 5381: 5378: 5365: 5361: 5357: 5350: 5347: 5334: 5330: 5323: 5320: 5307: 5303: 5299: 5293: 5290: 5277: 5273: 5269: 5263: 5260: 5255: 5249: 5244: 5243: 5234: 5231: 5218: 5214: 5213: 5208: 5201: 5198: 5185: 5181: 5177: 5170: 5167: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5140: 5137: 5124: 5120: 5119: 5118:The A.V. Club 5114: 5107: 5104: 5091: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5074: 5072: 5068: 5055: 5051: 5045: 5042: 5029: 5025: 5021: 5014: 5011: 5003:September 11, 4998: 4994: 4990: 4984: 4981: 4968: 4964: 4963: 4958: 4951: 4948: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4922: 4909: 4905: 4899: 4896: 4883: 4879: 4873: 4870: 4857: 4853: 4849: 4842: 4839: 4826: 4822: 4816: 4813: 4800: 4796: 4795:Sears Catalog 4792: 4786: 4783: 4778: 4774: 4770: 4763: 4761: 4759: 4755: 4742: 4738: 4734: 4727: 4725: 4721: 4708: 4704: 4700: 4694: 4692: 4688: 4675: 4671: 4664: 4661: 4648: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4631: 4628: 4620:September 11, 4615: 4611: 4607: 4600: 4597: 4584: 4580: 4576: 4570: 4567: 4554: 4550: 4546: 4540: 4537: 4524: 4520: 4513: 4510: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4483: 4480: 4467: 4463: 4459: 4453: 4450: 4445: 4441: 4437: 4430: 4427: 4419: 4412: 4406: 4403: 4390: 4386: 4379: 4377: 4373: 4370: 4366: 4363: 4357: 4354: 4350: 4345: 4342: 4338: 4331: 4329: 4325: 4320: 4316: 4312: 4308: 4304: 4300: 4293: 4290: 4285: 4281: 4280: 4275: 4268: 4266: 4262: 4259:, p. 88. 4258: 4253: 4250: 4246: 4241: 4238: 4233: 4229: 4224: 4221: 4218:, p. 25. 4217: 4212: 4209: 4201:September 17, 4196: 4192: 4191: 4186: 4179: 4176: 4171: 4170: 4165: 4159: 4156: 4143: 4139: 4133: 4130: 4117: 4113: 4108: 4100: 4097: 4084: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4068: 4065: 4052: 4048: 4044: 4038: 4035: 4022: 4018: 4014: 4008: 4005: 3992: 3988: 3984: 3978: 3975: 3962: 3958: 3954: 3947: 3944: 3939: 3935: 3934: 3928: 3920: 3918: 3914: 3909: 3907:0-7615-3643-4 3903: 3899: 3895: 3894: 3889: 3883: 3880: 3872:September 29, 3867: 3863: 3859: 3852: 3849: 3836: 3832: 3827: 3820: 3817: 3812: 3806: 3802: 3795: 3792: 3784:September 10, 3779: 3775: 3771: 3764: 3761: 3756: 3749: 3747: 3743: 3735:September 21, 3730: 3726: 3722: 3715: 3712: 3709:, pp. 179–180 3708: 3702: 3699: 3694: 3690: 3686: 3682: 3678: 3671: 3668: 3655: 3651: 3650: 3645: 3638: 3635: 3622: 3618: 3616:9780313379369 3612: 3608: 3607: 3599: 3596: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3568: 3565: 3552: 3548: 3544: 3538: 3535: 3522: 3518: 3514: 3507: 3504: 3491: 3487: 3486: 3485:Game Informer 3481: 3474: 3472: 3468: 3460:September 11, 3455: 3451: 3450: 3445: 3438: 3435: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3408: 3405: 3392: 3388: 3387: 3382: 3376: 3373: 3360: 3359: 3354: 3348: 3345: 3340: 3336: 3332: 3328: 3327: 3326:New Scientist 3322: 3316: 3313: 3308: 3304: 3300: 3296: 3292: 3288: 3287:IEEE Spectrum 3281: 3278: 3273: 3269: 3265: 3261: 3260: 3255: 3248: 3245: 3232: 3228: 3224: 3220: 3216: 3215: 3210: 3203: 3201: 3197: 3184: 3180: 3176: 3169: 3166: 3161: 3154: 3150: 3144: 3142: 3138: 3134: 3130: 3128:1-904994-21-0 3124: 3120: 3116: 3115: 3108: 3105: 3100: 3096: 3095: 3090: 3084: 3081: 3076: 3074:9781138389908 3070: 3066: 3059: 3057: 3053: 3045:September 11, 3040: 3036: 3035: 3030: 3023: 3021: 3017: 3012: 3010:3-00-015359-4 3006: 3002: 2995: 2992: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2964: 2961: 2948: 2944: 2943: 2938: 2931: 2929: 2925: 2912: 2908: 2904: 2897: 2895: 2891: 2878: 2874: 2871:Curt Vendel. 2867: 2864: 2860: 2856: 2853: 2850: 2846: 2843: 2837: 2834: 2828: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2808: 2806: 2804: 2800: 2792:September 28, 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2767: 2761: 2758: 2753: 2747: 2743: 2736: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2726: 2721: 2715: 2710: 2709: 2702: 2694: 2692: 2690: 2688: 2686: 2684: 2682: 2680: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2670: 2668: 2666: 2664: 2662: 2660: 2656: 2648:September 11, 2643: 2639: 2638: 2633: 2626: 2624: 2622: 2618: 2610:September 11, 2605: 2601: 2600: 2595: 2588: 2586: 2584: 2582: 2580: 2578: 2576: 2572: 2564:September 11, 2559: 2556: 2555: 2550: 2543: 2540: 2527: 2523: 2516: 2514: 2512: 2508: 2495: 2491: 2485: 2482: 2469: 2465: 2458: 2455: 2442: 2438: 2434: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2416: 2414: 2410: 2403: 2398: 2388: 2386: 2382: 2375: 2373: 2371: 2367: 2363: 2358: 2356: 2352: 2348: 2344: 2339: 2337: 2333: 2329: 2325: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2297: 2292: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2277: 2273: 2272: 2267: 2263: 2259: 2254: 2252: 2248: 2243: 2241: 2240: 2233: 2231: 2230: 2225: 2224: 2219: 2218: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2198: 2197: 2192: 2191: 2186: 2178: 2173: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2162: 2157: 2156: 2150: 2148: 2147: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2127: 2122: 2118: 2116: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2103: 2098: 2097: 2092: 2091: 2086: 2085: 2080: 2079: 2074: 2073: 2068: 2067: 2062: 2061: 2056: 2055: 2048: 2042: 2034: 2029: 2025: 2022: 2018: 2015: 2011: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1977:Jakks Pacific 1974: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1961: 1959: 1958:microconsoles 1955: 1950: 1948: 1940: 1938: 1935: 1933: 1928: 1926: 1918: 1916: 1914: 1906: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1879: 1875: 1871: 1867: 1859: 1857: 1855: 1854: 1849: 1848: 1847:Stellar Track 1843: 1842: 1836: 1834: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1812: 1810: 1808: 1806: 1798: 1795: 1787: 1776: 1762: 1748: 1734: 1722: 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1709:home computer 1705: 1703: 1699: 1694: 1692: 1688: 1687:Master System 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1664: 1663:CX40 joystick 1660: 1656: 1655: 1650: 1640:CX40 joystick 1636: 1624: 1612: 1610: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1596: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1556: 1554: 1550: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1533: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1514: 1506: 1505: 1500: 1496: 1493: 1485: 1483: 1479: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1457: 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1431: 1428: 1420: 1418: 1416: 1412: 1407: 1405: 1404: 1395: 1391: 1390: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1365: 1360:$ 240 million 1357: 1353: 1348: 1345:$ 425 million 1341:$ 536 million 1337: 1333: 1328: 1326: 1320: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1308: 1304: 1303: 1298: 1290: 1288: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1237: 1230: 1228: 1198: 1193: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1178: 1176: 1175: 1174:IEEE Spectrum 1166: 1165: 1160: 1159: 1150: 1142: 1141: 1135: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1118: 1116: 1115: 1110: 1109: 1104: 1100: 1096: 1092: 1091: 1078: 1077: 1072: 1068: 1065: 1056: 1048: 1041: 1039: 1036:$ 120 million 1028: 1026: 1022: 1021:Ralph H. Baer 1018: 1014: 1008: 1005: 1001: 997: 992: 990: 989:race the beam 986: 982: 978: 973: 968: 966: 965:ROM cartridge 962: 958: 954: 950: 946: 942: 935: 930: 923: 921: 918: 913: 911: 907: 906: 901: 893: 889: 885: 876: 874: 866: 862: 854: 852: 850: 841: 837: 833: 829: 825: 820: 814: 809: 805: 801: 799: 793: 792: 787: 783: 782: 777: 773: 763: 759: 754: 751: 750: 745: 741: 736: 731: 726: 722: 718: 713: 710: 706: 702: 699: 696: 692: 689: 688: 683: 682: 677: 676: 672: 668: 665: 664: 659: 655: 652: 651: 646: 645: 640: 636: 633: 630:Formation of 629: 625: 620: 616: 612: 609: 605: 601: 598: 595:Debut of the 594: 590: 587: 583: 579: 574: 571: 568:Formation of 567: 563: 554: 552: 550: 546: 542: 539:, but it was 538: 534: 530: 526: 521: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 498: 493: 492: 485: 483: 482: 477: 473: 469: 468:Intellivision 465: 461: 457: 453: 449: 448: 443: 442: 437: 433: 429: 428: 423: 422: 416: 414: 410: 406: 402: 398: 395: 391: 386: 384: 380: 376: 372: 371: 366: 365: 360: 356: 353: 349: 345: 341: 337: 333: 329: 325: 321: 312: 309: 305: 302: 298: 295: 291: 283: 282: 278: 276: 272: 266: 263: 260: 257: 254: 252: 248: 245: 242: 238: 234: 230: 226: 222: 220: 216: 213: 212:ROM cartridge 210: 206: 202: 198: 187: 183: 176: 172: 168: 164: 157: 151: 147: 142: 138: 133: 129: 124: 120: 115: 111: 110: 108: 104: 101: 98: 94: 91: 88: 84: 81: 78: 74: 70: 67:Also known as 64: 57: 52: 48: 43: 37: 33: 19: 8406:Apple Pippin 8365:Arcadia 2001 8287:CreatiVision 7858:ColecoVision 7807:Apple Pippin 7733: 7676:Manufacturer 7493:ColecoVision 7477: 7473:Arcadia 2001 7349:Microconsole 7008: 7001: 6989: 6982: 6964: 6957: 6950: 6926: 6908: 6901: 6894: 6887: 6880: 6873: 6866: 6859: 6852: 6845: 6838: 6831: 6826:Steeplechase 6824: 6817: 6810: 6803: 6796: 6789: 6782: 6775: 6768: 6761: 6754: 6747: 6740: 6733: 6726: 6719: 6712: 6705: 6698: 6693:Pong Doubles 6691: 6684: 6677: 6670: 6665:Night Driver 6663: 6656: 6649: 6642: 6637:Lunar Lander 6635: 6628: 6621: 6614: 6607: 6600: 6593: 6586: 6579: 6574:Gran Trak 20 6572: 6567:Gran Trak 10 6565: 6558: 6551: 6544: 6537: 6530: 6523: 6516: 6509: 6502: 6495: 6488: 6481: 6474: 6467: 6460: 6453: 6446: 6439: 6432: 6425: 6338:Subsidiaries 6303:Corporations 6237: 6230: 6202: 6195: 6183: 6053:Larry Kaplan 5992:Spectravideo 5918: 5911: 5904: 5897: 5890: 5885:Demon Attack 5883: 5876: 5869: 5862: 5855: 5848: 5830: 5823: 5818:Street Racer 5816: 5809: 5802: 5795: 5788: 5781: 5774: 5749: 5686: 5661: 5647:. Retrieved 5643:the original 5631:. Dynamite. 5628:Art of Atari 5627: 5606:November 28, 5604:. Retrieved 5595: 5585: 5575:November 28, 5573:. Retrieved 5564: 5554: 5542:. Retrieved 5533: 5524: 5514:November 29, 5512:. Retrieved 5497: 5485:. Retrieved 5474: 5464: 5452:. Retrieved 5443: 5433: 5421:. Retrieved 5417:the original 5411:Fragmaster. 5406: 5394:. Retrieved 5380: 5370:November 13, 5368:. Retrieved 5364:the original 5359: 5349: 5337:. Retrieved 5322: 5310:. Retrieved 5301: 5292: 5280:. Retrieved 5271: 5262: 5241: 5233: 5223:February 22, 5221:. Retrieved 5210: 5200: 5188:. Retrieved 5180:Hero Complex 5179: 5169: 5157:. Retrieved 5139: 5127:. Retrieved 5116: 5106: 5094:. Retrieved 5083: 5060:September 8, 5058:. Retrieved 5044: 5032:. Retrieved 5023: 5013: 5001:. Retrieved 4992: 4983: 4971:. Retrieved 4960: 4950: 4938:. Retrieved 4924: 4912:. Retrieved 4908:the original 4898: 4888:February 18, 4886:. Retrieved 4872: 4860:. Retrieved 4851: 4846:retroplace. 4841: 4829:. Retrieved 4815: 4803:. Retrieved 4794: 4785: 4777:the original 4772: 4745:. Retrieved 4711:. Retrieved 4703:Daily Record 4702: 4678:. Retrieved 4663: 4651:. Retrieved 4640: 4630: 4618:. Retrieved 4609: 4599: 4587:. Retrieved 4579:Atari Museum 4578: 4569: 4557:. Retrieved 4549:Atari Museum 4548: 4539: 4527:. Retrieved 4512: 4502:February 18, 4500:. Retrieved 4492:atariage.com 4491: 4482: 4472:February 18, 4470:. Retrieved 4462:atariage.com 4461: 4452: 4444:the original 4439: 4429: 4405: 4393:. Retrieved 4356: 4344: 4336: 4302: 4298: 4292: 4277: 4252: 4240: 4223: 4211: 4199:. Retrieved 4190:The Guardian 4188: 4178: 4167: 4158: 4146:. Retrieved 4132: 4120:. Retrieved 4111: 4099: 4087:. Retrieved 4078:The Guardian 4076: 4067: 4055:. Retrieved 4046: 4037: 4025:. Retrieved 4016: 4007: 3995:. Retrieved 3986: 3977: 3965:. Retrieved 3957:Deseret News 3956: 3946: 3931: 3892: 3888:Kent, Steven 3882: 3870:. Retrieved 3861: 3851: 3839:. Retrieved 3830: 3819: 3800: 3794: 3782:. 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Retrieved 2526:the original 2500:September 4, 2498:. Retrieved 2484: 2474:November 13, 2472:. Retrieved 2457: 2445:. Retrieved 2441:the original 2437:BusinessWeek 2436: 2427: 2369: 2365: 2362:Yars' Return 2361: 2359: 2340: 2320: 2315: 2311: 2307: 2303: 2269: 2265: 2262:pornographic 2255: 2250: 2246: 2244: 2239:Secret Quest 2237: 2234: 2227: 2221: 2215: 2207: 2203: 2201: 2194: 2188: 2176: 2174: 2164:, the first 2159: 2153: 2151: 2144: 2138: 2131: 2125: 2114: 2111:Street Racer 2110: 2106: 2100: 2094: 2090:Street Racer 2088: 2082: 2076: 2070: 2064: 2058: 2052: 2050: 1951: 1944: 1936: 1929: 1922: 1902: 1882: 1877: 1863: 1851: 1845: 1841:Steeplechase 1839: 1837: 1826: 1816: 1804: 1799: 1791: 1717:Spectravideo 1715:keyboard by 1706: 1701: 1697: 1695: 1691:Sega Genesis 1671:Commodore 64 1652: 1646: 1584: 1579: 1560:frame buffer 1557: 1552: 1548: 1547:; two 1 bit 1544: 1534: 1510: 1502: 1495: 1480: 1465: 1454: 1435: 1408: 1401: 1393: 1389:Secret Quest 1387: 1368: 1352:Jack Tramiel 1349: 1336:urban legend 1329: 1321: 1314: 1306: 1300: 1294: 1250: 1245: 1239: 1234: 1194: 1186:West Germany 1179: 1172: 1162: 1156: 1148: 1138: 1133: 1129: 1123: 1119: 1112: 1106: 1102: 1095:launch games 1088: 1082: 1074: 1061: 1032:$ 28 million 1029: 1009: 993: 981:electron gun 969: 938: 914: 903: 892:input/output 877: 873:Chuck Peddle 863:debuted the 858: 835: 828:Grass Valley 821: 800:home console 797: 789: 779: 769: 747: 709:Jack Tramiel 685: 679: 661: 648: 642: 529:Jack Tramiel 522: 505: 501: 495: 489: 486: 479: 476:launch games 472:ColecoVision 470:and, later, 445: 439: 427:Night Driver 425: 419: 417: 387: 378: 368: 362: 335: 331: 319: 317: 288:(as of 1990) 279: 185:Discontinued 106:Release date 76:Manufacturer 36: 8581:Electronics 8569:Video games 8529:Evercade VS 8446:Super A'Can 8431:LaserActive 8411:CPS Changer 8375:RDI Halcyon 8249:PlayStation 8240:PlayStation 8092:Panasonic Q 8049:Nintendo 64 7927:Leapster TV 7835:Casio Loopy 7395:Generations 7194:Peripherals 6991:Stunt Cycle 6952:Atari BASIC 6889:Triple Hunt 6833:Stunt Cycle 6644:Major Havoc 6616:Jet Fighter 6476:Black Widow 6364:(1977–1980) 6347:Atari Games 6325:(1984–1996) 6319:(1972–1992) 6317:Atari, Inc. 6210:Atari 2600+ 6204:Atari Vault 6073:Alan Miller 6063:David Lubar 6038:David Crane 6026:Programmers 6002:Tigervision 5937:Atari, Inc. 5842:Bestselling 5339:November 8, 5331:. 1UP.Com. 5312:January 27, 5159:October 11, 5034:October 20, 4360:Atari 2600 4232:chip select 4122:November 2, 4047:Atari Mania 4043:"Fatal Run" 4017:Atari Mania 3967:January 10, 3862:PC Magazine 3397:December 8, 3365:December 2, 3237:December 1, 3175:"Site News" 3153:Atari Corp. 3094:Retro Gamer 2701:"Chapter 5" 2447:October 13, 2366:Aquaventure 2028:Atari 2600+ 1860:Atari 2800 1794:polystyrene 1698:Codebreaker 1628:CX30 paddle 1613:Controllers 1375:1985 launch 1302:Donkey Kong 1244:(1981) and 1114:Jet Fighter 977:framebuffer 678:Release of 641:Release of 570:Atari, Inc. 545:1985 launch 355:controllers 328:Atari, Inc. 293:Predecessor 80:Atari, Inc. 8619:1980s toys 8614:1970s toys 8609:Atari 2600 8603:Categories 8360:Action Max 8325:APF-MP1000 8226:Neo Geo CD 7932:ClickStart 7886:Amiga CD32 7764:VCS (2021) 7744:Atari 7800 7739:Atari 5200 7734:Atari 2600 7598:Digi Casse 7483:Atari 5200 7478:Atari 2600 7468:APF-MP1000 7454:generation 7148:Prototypes 7074:Game Brain 7067:Prototypes 7053:VCS (2021) 6920:Prototypes 6896:Ultra Tank 6854:Super Pong 6819:Starship 1 6777:Space Race 6770:Space Duel 6756:Shark Jaws 6707:Quadrapong 6553:Food Fight 6539:Fire Truck 6469:Battlezone 6163:Atari 7800 6158:Atari 2700 6083:Carol Shaw 6007:U.S. Games 5942:Activision 5930:Publishers 5913:River Raid 5783:Basic Math 5750:Atari 2600 4940:August 20, 4862:August 27, 4747:October 7, 4699:"Sears Ad" 4653:August 31, 4089:October 3, 3774:Snopes.com 2399:References 2347:The Strong 2336:Atari 5200 2185:killer app 2170:Easter egg 2060:Basic Math 2045:See also: 1996:cheat code 1947:Atari 7800 1925:Atari 2700 1905:Atari 7800 1899:1986 model 1893:Atari 7800 1476:call stack 1411:Atari 7800 1398:20 million 1253:U.S. Games 1236:Activision 1197:Atari 5200 1169:15 million 1153:12 million 1004:wood grain 953:breadboard 941:Joe Decuir 776:Ted Dabney 632:Activision 537:Atari 7800 514:shovelware 462:and other 460:Activision 456:Easter egg 383:Atari 5200 367:and later 320:Atari 2600 311:Atari 5200 200:Units sold 178:US$ 189.95 156:Atari 2800 96:Generation 40:Atari 2600 8477:Hyperscan 8472:Game Wave 8198:Dreamcast 8115:Odyssey 2 8079:Panasonic 7970:Microsoft 7960:HyperScan 7868:Commodore 7812:Terebikko 7759:Flashback 7617:Dedicated 7583:3D Gamate 7527:Odyssey 2 7185:Portfolio 6984:Home Pong 6966:Atari DOS 6847:Super Bug 6812:Star Wars 6763:Sky Diver 6742:Red Baron 6721:Quiz Show 6651:Millipede 6630:Liberator 6525:Destroyer 6497:Centipede 6462:Avalanche 6434:Asteroids 6383:MobyGames 6378:Kee Games 6232:Atari Age 6148:CompuMate 6048:Rob Fulop 5977:M Network 5906:Adventure 5864:Asteroids 5811:Star Ship 5790:Blackjack 5668:MIT Press 5487:April 13, 5085:The Verge 4831:August 2, 4713:April 17, 4559:April 22, 4319:220595570 3687:: 67–82. 3627:March 30, 3588:March 30, 3578:InfoWorld 3557:March 30, 3547:InfoWorld 3517:Gamasutra 3449:Gamasutra 3339:0262-4079 3272:0199-6649 3259:InfoWorld 3227:0199-6649 3214:InfoWorld 3034:Gamasutra 2917:August 9, 2883:March 30, 2820:: 59–66. 2599:Gamasutra 2404:Citations 2338:console. 2229:Fatal Run 2208:Asteroids 2190:Asteroids 2181:6 million 2161:Adventure 2140:Star Wars 2084:Star Ship 2066:Blackjack 2001:In 2017, 1952:Multiple 1833:Telegames 1807:character 1805:Star Wars 1713:CompuMate 1572:scan line 1406:in 1990. 1394:Fatal Run 1285:M Network 1190:Epoch Co. 1164:InfoWorld 1158:InfoWorld 1145:8 million 1099:Kee Games 1000:Channel F 972:Al Alcorn 957:Jay Miner 910:Kee Games 890:chip for 845:$ 100–300 817:$ 100,000 663:Asteroids 650:Adventure 525:Commodore 447:Adventure 444:in 1980. 415:in 1976. 336:Atari VCS 307:Successor 286:8 million 267:Trak-Ball 169:1977–1992 8524:Polymega 8462:DISCover 8421:Goldstar 8292:Socrates 8148:RCA Nuon 8054:GameCube 8031:Nintendo 7993:Xbox One 7988:Xbox 360 7919:LeapFrog 7661:Services 7651:Emulator 7556:Handheld 7201:Printers 7124:MEGA STE 7119:Atari ST 6910:Warlords 6805:Sprint 8 6798:Sprint 4 6791:Sprint 2 6784:Sprint 1 6679:Pin-Pong 6609:Indy 800 6595:I, Robot 6581:Gravitar 6483:Breakout 6357:AtariAge 6329:Atari SA 6256:Category 6153:GameLine 6106:Hardware 6043:Tod Frye 5967:Data Age 5962:CommaVid 5899:Atlantis 5857:Pitfall! 5825:Surround 5804:Indy 500 5600:Archived 5569:Archived 5538:Archived 5508:Archived 5481:Archived 5448:Archived 5444:GameSpot 5390:Archived 5333:Archived 5306:Archived 5276:Archived 5217:Archived 5190:June 27, 5184:Archived 5153:Archived 5129:April 4, 5123:Archived 5096:April 4, 5090:Archived 5054:Archived 5028:Archived 4997:Archived 4973:June 15, 4967:Archived 4962:Engadget 4934:Archived 4882:Archived 4856:Archived 4825:Archived 4799:Archived 4797:. 1988. 4741:Archived 4737:AtariAge 4707:Archived 4680:July 22, 4674:Archived 4647:Archived 4642:AtariAge 4614:Archived 4589:June 23, 4583:Archived 4553:Archived 4523:Archived 4496:Archived 4466:Archived 4418:Archived 4389:Archived 4365:Archived 4284:Archived 4195:Archived 4142:Archived 4116:Archived 4083:Archived 4051:Archived 4021:Archived 3991:Archived 3961:Archived 3938:Archived 3890:(2001). 3866:Archived 3835:Archived 3778:Archived 3729:Archived 3660:March 6, 3621:Archived 3582:Archived 3551:Archived 3521:Archived 3496:April 2, 3427:July 18, 3421:Archived 3391:Archived 3231:Archived 3039:Archived 2984:April 2, 2978:Archived 2953:April 9, 2947:Archived 2911:Archived 2855:Archived 2845:Archived 2786:Archived 2770:Computer 2604:Archived 2558:Archived 2494:Archived 2468:Archived 2370:Saboteur 2312:Pitfall! 2155:Breakout 2146:Vanguard 2107:Indy 500 2096:Surround 2078:Indy 500 2003:Hyperkin 1981:emulates 1885:joystick 1870:Nintendo 1683:Atari ST 1654:Indy 500 1580:Pitfall! 1549:missiles 1504:Pitfall! 1486:Graphics 1421:Hardware 1371:Nintendo 1297:Nintendo 1277:CommaVid 1273:Mystique 1265:Data Age 1246:Pitfall! 1143:at over 1017:Magnavox 949:codename 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