803:. The airborne spores from mushrooms reach levels comparable to those of mold and pollens. The levels of mushroom respiratory allergy are as high as 30 percent of those with allergic disorder, but it is believed to be less than 1 percent of food allergies. Heavy rainfall (which increases fungal spore release) is associated with increased hospital admissions of children with asthma. A study in New Zealand found that 22 percent of patients with respiratory allergic disorders tested positive for basidiospores allergies. Mushroom spore allergies can cause either immediate allergic symptomatology or delayed allergic reactions. Those with asthma are more likely to have immediate allergic reactions and those with allergic rhinitis are more likely to have delayed allergic responses. A study found that 27 percent of patients were allergic to basidiomycete mycelia extracts and 32 percent were allergic to basidiospore extracts, thus demonstrating the high incidence of fungal sensitisation in individuals with suspected allergies. It has been found that of basidiomycete cap, mycelia, and spore extracts that spore extracts are the most reliable extract for diagnosing basidiomycete allergy.
766:, protease allergens cleave the same sensor proteins that evolved to detect proteases produced by the parasitic worms. Additionally, a new report on seasonal allergies called "Extreme allergies and Global Warming", have found that many allergy triggers are worsening due to climate change. 16 states in the United States were named as "Allergen Hotspots" for large increases in allergenic tree pollen if global warming pollution keeps increasing. Therefore, researchers on this report claimed that global warming is bad news for millions of asthmatics in the United States whose asthma attacks are triggered by seasonal allergies. Indeed, seasonal allergies are one of the main triggers for asthma, along with colds or flu, cigarette smoke and exercise. In Canada, for example, up to 75% of asthmatics also have seasonal allergies.
786:(RAST) or the more recent enzyme allergosorbent tests (EAST), implemented to detect high levels of allergen-specific IgE in response to particular allergens. Although blood tests are less accurate than the skin tests, they can be performed on patients unable to undergo skin testing. Imaging tests can be useful to detect sinusitis in people who have chronic rhinitis, and they can work when other test results are ambiguous. There is also nasal endoscopy, wherein a tube is inserted through the nose with a small camera to view the passageways and examine any irregularities in the nose structure. Endoscopy can be used for some cases of chronic or unresponsive seasonal rhinitis.
741:
allergens like pollen. When an allergen enters the body of an individual that is predisposed to allergies, it triggers an immune reaction and the production of antibodies. These allergen antibodies migrate to mast cells lining the nose, eyes, and lungs. When an allergen drifts into the nose more than once, mast cells release a slew of chemicals or histamines that irritate and inflame the moist membranes lining the nose and produce the symptoms of an allergic reaction: scratchy throat, itching, sneezing and watery eyes. Some symptoms that differentiate allergies from a cold include:
235:
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apples, grapes, peaches, celery, and apricots, produce severe itching in the ears and throat. The cypress pollen allergy brings a cross reactivity between diverse species like olive, privet, ash and
Russian olive tree pollen allergens. In some rural areas, there is another form of seasonal grass allergy, combining airborne particles of pollen mixed with mold. Recent research has suggested that humans might develop allergies as a defense to fight off parasites. According to Yale University Immunologist
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recommend the treatment to follow. 2 tests have to be done in order to determine the cause: a blood test and a skin test. Allergists do skin tests in one of two ways: either dropping some purified liquid of the allergen onto the skin and pricking the area with a small needle; or injecting a small amount of allergen under the skin.
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treatment involves administering doses of allergens to accustom the body to induce specific long-term tolerance. Allergy immunotherapy can be administered orally (as sublingual tablets or sublingual drops), or by injections under the skin (subcutaneous). Immunotherapy contains a small amount of the
193:
by changing a skin cell's configuration so that it is no longer recognized by the immune system as part of the body. Various trees and wood products such as paper, cardboard, MDF etc. can also cause mild to severe allergy symptoms through touch or inhalation of sawdust such as asthma and skin rash.
161:
recognizes nine foods as major food allergens: peanuts, tree nuts, eggs, milk, shellfish, fish, wheat, soy, and most recently sesame, as well as sulfites (chemical-based, often found in flavors and colors in foods) at 10ppm and over. In other countries, due to differences in the genetic profiles of
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Among seasonal allergies, there are some allergens that fuse together and produce a new type of allergy. For instance, grass pollen allergens cross-react with food allergy proteins in vegetables such as onion, lettuce, carrots, celery, and corn. Besides, the cousins of birch pollen allergens, like
969:
Ladders are also used for egg and milk allergies as a home-based therapy mainly for children. Such methods cited in the UK involve the gradual introduction of the allergen in a cooked form where the protein allergenicity has been reduced to become less potent. By reintroducing the allergen from a
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Alternative tools are available to identify seasonal allergies, such as laboratory tests, imaging tests, and nasal endoscopy. In the laboratory tests, the doctor will take a nasal smear and it will be examined microscopically for factors that may indicate a cause: increased numbers of eosinophils
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Based on the symptoms seen on the patient, the answers given in terms of symptom evaluation and a physical exam, doctors can make a diagnosis to identify if the patient has a seasonal allergy. After performing the diagnosis, the doctor is able to tell the main cause of the allergic reaction and
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If both parents have had allergies in the past, there is a 66% chance for the individual to experience seasonal allergies, and the risk lowers to 60% if just one parent has had allergies. The immune system also has strong influence on seasonal allergies, because it reacts differently to diverse
197:
An allergic reaction can be caused by any form of direct contact with the allergen—consuming food or drink one is sensitive to (ingestion), breathing in pollen, perfume or pet dander (inhalation), or brushing a body part against an allergy-causing plant (direct contact). Other common causes of
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were described as being possible airborne allergens and were linked to asthma in 1969. Basidiospores are the dominant airborne fungal allergens. Fungal allergies are associated with seasonal asthma. They are considered to be a major source of airborne allergens. The basidospore family include
970:
fully cooked, usually baked, state research suggests that a tolerance can emerge to certain egg and milk allergies under the supervision of a dietitian or specialist. The suitability of this treatment is debated between UK and North
American experts.
678:
Seasonal allergy symptoms are commonly experienced during specific parts of the year, usually during spring, summer or fall when certain trees or grasses pollinate. This depends on the kind of tree or grass. For instance, some trees such as
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1605:
896:. However, these antihistamines may cause extreme drowsiness, therefore, people are advised to not operate heavy machinery or drive while taking this kind of medication. Other side effects include dry
162:
their citizens and different levels of exposure to specific foods, the official allergen lists will vary. Canada recognizes all nine of the allergens recognized by the US as well as mustard. The
1375:"Cross-reactive N-glycans of Api g 5, a high molecular weight glycoprotein allergen from celery, are required for immunoglobulin E binding and activation of effector cells from allergic patients"
2542:
1613:
2095:
Santilli J, Rockwell WJ, Collins RP (September 1985). "The significance of the spores of the
Basidiomycetes (mushrooms and their allies) in bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis".
955:. Some of their side-effects include drowsiness. For eye symptoms, it is important to first bath the eyes with plain eyewashes to reduce the irritation. People should not wear
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2333:
2198:
1935:
1900:
Horner WE, Lopez M, Salvaggio JE, Lehrer SB (1991). "Basidiomycete allergy: identification and characterization of an important allergen from
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to the person experiencing anaphylaxis, which suppresses the body's overreaction to the allergen, and allows for the patient to be transported to a medical facility.
2784:
Bloom KA, Huang FR, Bencharitiwong R, Bardina L, Ross A, Sampson HA, et al. (December 2014). "Effect of heat treatment on milk and egg proteins allergenicity".
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Overtvelt L. et al. Immune mechanisms of allergen-specific sublingual immunotherapy. Revue française d'allergologie et d'immunologie clinique. 2006; 46: 713–720.
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Rosmilah M, Shahnaz M, Patel G, Lock J, Rahman D, Masita A, et al. (December 2008). "Characterization of major allergens of royal jelly Apis mellifera".
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79:
Sensitivities vary widely from one person (or from one animal) to another. A very broad range of substances can be allergens to sensitive individuals.
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Lopez M, Butcher BT, Salvaggio JE, Olson JA, Reed MA, McCants ML, et al. (1985). "Basidiomycete allergy: what is the best source of antigen?".
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Sprenger JD, Altman LC, O'Neil CE, Ayars GH, Butcher BT, Lehrer SB (December 1988). "Prevalence of basidiospore allergy in the
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skin lesions. Children who are born during autumn months (during fungal spore season) are more likely to develop asthmatic symptoms later in life.
3136:
2966:
Venter C, Meyer R, Ebisawa M, Athanasopoulou P, Mack DP (January 2022). Eigenmann PA (ed.). "Food allergen ladders: A need for standardization".
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is a predominant air-borne allergen affecting up to 22 percent of patients with respiratory allergies. Some fungal air-borne allergens such as
2572:
2163:
Weissman DN, Halmepuro L, Salvaggio JE, Lehrer SB (1987). "Antigenic/allergenic analysis of basidiomycete cap, mycelia, and spore extracts".
1057:
779:(white blood cells), which indicates an allergic condition. If there is a high count of eosinophils, an allergic condition might be present.
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714:, which includes watering and itchy eyes. Also an initial tickle on the roof of the mouth or in the back of the throat may be experienced.
1696:
1635:
190:
3129:
2212:
Liengswangwong V, Salvaggio JE, Lyon FL, Lehrer SB (May 1987). "Basidiospore allergens: determination of optimal extraction methods".
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Grass allergy is generally linked to hay fever because their symptoms and causes are somehow similar to each other. Symptoms include
2670:
3475:
2870:"Primary care as a setting for introducing milk using the milk ladder in children with IgE-mediated cow's milk protein allergy"
1492:
1412:
1127:"Revised Labelling Regulations for Food Allergens, Gluten Sources and Sulphites (Amendments to the Food and Drug Regulations)"
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76:. In atopic individuals, non-parasitic antigens stimulate inappropriate IgE production, leading to type I hypersensitivity.
3413:
3564:
2637:
2124:"Basidiomycete mycelia and spore-allergen extracts: skin test reactivity in adults with symptoms of respiratory allergy"
158:
91:
72:. However, some individuals may respond to many common environmental antigens. This hereditary predisposition is called
1208:
dos Santos-Pinto JR, dos Santos LD, Arcuri HA, da Silva
Menegasso AR, Pêgo PN, Santos KS, et al. (January 2015).
913:
861:
1514:
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1729:
783:
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Stephen E, Raftery AE, Dowding P (August 1990). "Forecasting spore concentrations: a time series approach".
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to help relieve a stuffy nose and they can stop the itching and sneezing. Some over-the-counter options are
711:
57:
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Hasnain SM, Wilson JD, Newhook FJ, Segedin BP (May 1985). "Allergy to basidiospores: immunologic studies".
1348:
3606:
3501:
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3155:
2025:
Khot A, Burn R, Evans N, Lenney W, Storr J (July 1988). "Biometeorological triggers in childhood asthma".
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962:
314:
234:
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3282:
2821:"The influence of the time and temperature of heat treatment on the allergenicity of egg white proteins"
2735:"Canadian food ladders for dietary advancement in children with IgE-mediated allergy to milk and/or egg"
2615:
2454:"Coprinus comatus (shaggy cap) is a potential source of aeroallergen that may provoke atopic dermatitis"
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1929:
1024:
820:
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Zamith-Miranda D, Fox EG, Monteiro AP, Gama D, Poublan LE, de Araujo AF, et al. (September 2018).
838:
3616:
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3309:
3233:
3044:"Dietary Advancement Therapy Using Milk and Egg Ladders Among Children With a History of Anaphylaxis"
3003:"Dietary Advancement Therapy Using Milk and Egg Ladders Among Children With a History of Anaphylaxis"
2694:"Dietary Advancement Therapy Using Milk and Egg Ladders Among Children With a History of Anaphylaxis"
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68:(IgE) responses. Most humans mount significant Immunoglobulin E responses only as a defense against
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Cronin C, McGinley AM, Flores L, McKiernan A, Velasco R, O'B Hourihane J, et al. (July 2023).
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Bublin M, Radauer C, Wilson IB, Kraft D, Scheiner O, Breiteneder H, et al. (September 2003).
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Chomyn A, Chan ES, Yeung J, Vander Leek TK, Williams BA, Soller L, et al. (August 2021).
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Harley KG, Macher JM, Lipsett M, Duramad P, Holland NT, Prager SS, et al. (April 2009).
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2495:"Fungi and pollen exposure in the first months of life and risk of early childhood wheezing"
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Gallagher A, Cronin C, Heng TA, McKiernan A, Tobin C, Flores L, et al. (August 2024).
3001:
Gallagher A, Cronin C, Heng TA, McKiernan A, Tobin C, Flores L, et al. (August 2024).
2692:
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1808:
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Another laboratory test is the blood test for IgE (immunoglobulin production), such as the
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3408:
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409:
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Also, depending on the season, the symptoms may be more severe and people may experience
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Hasnain SM, Wilson JD, Newhook FJ (May 1985). "Fungal allergy and respiratory disease".
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30:
This article is about the antigen. For the Irish-registered pharmaceutical company, see
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1210:"B-cell linear epitopes mapping of antigen-5 allergen from Polybia paulista wasp venom"
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In Canada, 8% of children attending allergy clinics were found to be allergic to
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Lehrer SB, Lopez M, Butcher BT, Olson J, Reed M, Salvaggio JE (September 1986).
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989:
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211:
186:
98:
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are significant airborne spores. Other significant fungal allergens include
807:
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Fischer B, Yawalkar N, Brander KA, Pichler WJ, Helbling A (October 1999).
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2011:
1970:
1921:
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936:
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31:
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53:
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2310:
2255:
Tarlo SM, Bell B, Srinivasan J, Dolovich J, Hargreave FE (July 1979).
2176:
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994:
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27:
Type of antigen that produces an abnormally vigorous immune response
1552:
1156:
725:, and irritability. A few people even become depressed, lose their
1312:
Journal of
Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases
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of miscellaneous plant pollens. Pollens are very common allergens.
86:
73:
61:
2638:"Allergy Shots (Subcutaneous Immunotherapy) | Allergy Treatment"
655:
608:
575:
544:
462:
382:
291:
199:
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are normally the first option. They may be taken together with
218:. An extremely serious form of an allergic reaction is called
3106:
2398:
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684:
680:
453:
387:
274:
207:
249:
In addition to foreign proteins found in foreign serum (from
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3048:
The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. In Practice
3007:
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2698:
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1251:"The allergic response mediated by fire ant venom proteins"
3116:
1107:. U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). 10 January 2023
222:. One form of treatment is the administration of sterile
908:, confusion, and light-headedness. There is also a newer
2919:"Home-based graded exposure to egg to treat egg allergy"
2612:"Oral Immunotherapy (OIT) in Practice - FoodAllergy.org"
2298:
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2165:
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1902:
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114:
Allergens can be found in a variety of sources, such as
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2917:
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1308:"Hymenoptera venom review focusing on Apis mellifera"
41:
is an otherwise harmless substance that triggers an
3534:
3492:
3434:
3335:
3265:
3173:
3166:
2573:"Non-Sedating or Anti-Drowsy Antihistamine Tablets"
154:are the cause of serious allergies in many people.
1161:Food Allergy Research and Resource Program (FARRP)
757:These symptoms usually last longer than 7–10 days.
733:may also become congested, some people experience
3107:SDAP — Structural database of allergenic proteins
1048:Goldsby RA, Kindt TJ, Kuby J, Osborne BA (2003).
751:Sneezes occurring in rapid and several sequences.
729:, or have problems sleeping. Moreover, since the
966:substance that triggers the allergic reactions.
935:is pseudoephedrine and its side-effects include
189:, which causes the skin rash condition known as
2427:Asian Pacific Journal of Allergy and Immunology
695:, timothy and orchard pollinate in the summer.
691:pollinate in the spring, while grasses such as
3087:"General information on allergy and allergens"
2458:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
2332:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
2261:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
2197:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
2128:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
1951:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
1934:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 (
1895:
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1214:The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology
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8:
1515:"Seasonal allergies: Something to sneeze at"
1347:Solensky R. Phillips EJ, Feldweg AM (eds.).
1105:Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
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1052:(5th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman.
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1751:Gregory PH, Hirst JM (September 1952).
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943:, and difficulty urinating. Some other
799:mushrooms, rusts, smuts, brackets, and
2325:
2190:
1927:
1131:Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA)
912:that are generally classified as the "
748:Mucous secretions are runny and clear.
130:. Food allergies are not as common as
52:In technical terms, an allergen is an
1575:"Parasites behind seasonal allergies"
1525:from the original on 2 September 2010
7:
1636:"Asthma and Allergies: The Symptoms"
1415:from the original on 4 January 2007.
2819:Shin M, Han Y, Ahn K (March 2013).
959:during episodes of conjunctivitis.
910:second generation of antihistamines
191:urushiol-induced contact dermatitis
3091:Health On the Net (HON) Foundation
2923:Clinical and Translational Allergy
2874:Clinical and Translational Allergy
2673:from the original on 22 April 2010
2553:from the original on 15 April 2010
2226:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1987.tb02003.x
2039:10.1111/j.1365-2222.1988.tb02882.x
2003:10.1111/j.1398-9995.1988.tb02037.x
1701:Merck Manuals Professional Edition
1545:"Seasonal Allergies: What to know"
1495:from the original on 12 April 2010
322:(also found naturally in numerous
25:
1454:"Seasonal Allergy — What to Know"
1157:"Food Allergens - European Union"
880:. In the case of nasal symptoms,
848:are associated with worsening of
56:that is capable of stimulating a
3584:
3572:
2968:Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
2786:Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
1163:. University of Nebraska–Lincoln
916:" or anti-drowsy, which include
2070:The New Zealand Medical Journal
1845:The New Zealand Medical Journal
1325:10.1590/S1678-91992003000200002
1189:from the original on 2 May 2014
3471:Immunoglobulin class switching
2614:. 3 March 2024. Archived from
482:Top 5 allergens discovered in
166:additionally recognizes other
1:
2579:. New Zealand. Archived from
2471:10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70295-2
1822:10.1016/s0140-6736(69)92441-6
1183:"Wood Allergies and Toxicity"
2274:10.1016/0091-6749(79)90082-4
2141:10.1016/0091-6749(86)90036-9
1963:10.1016/0091-6749(88)90146-7
1604:Weinmann A (14 April 2010).
862:over-the-counter medications
754:Itchy throat, ears and nose.
257:, common allergens include:
159:Food and Drug Administration
2314:(inactive 18 August 2024).
2179:(inactive 18 August 2024).
1916:(inactive 18 August 2024).
1726:New York Times Health Guide
914:non-sedating antihistamines
3633:
3300:Polyclonal B cell response
3061:10.1016/j.jaip.2024.04.057
3020:10.1016/j.jaip.2024.04.057
2752:10.1186/s13223-021-00583-w
2711:10.1016/j.jaip.2024.04.057
2547:Physician's Desk Reference
1275:10.1038/s41598-018-32327-z
1227:10.1016/j.jaci.2014.07.006
241:
29:
168:gluten-containing cereals
134:, but some foods such as
2837:10.4168/aair.2013.5.2.96
1640:Asthma Society of Canada
784:radioallergosorbent test
2511:10.1136/thx.2007.090241
712:allergic conjunctivitis
58:type-I hypersensitivity
3414:Tolerance in pregnancy
3156:adaptive immune system
963:Allergen immunotherapy
239:
181:, a resin produced by
170:as well as celery and
111:
95:
3449:Somatic hypermutation
3283:Polyclonal antibodies
3278:Monoclonal antibodies
3117:Allergen Nomenclature
1392:10.1096/fj.02-0872fje
1185:. The Wood Database.
1025:Oral allergy syndrome
821:Calvatia cyathiformis
238:Common food allergens
237:
101:
90:
3466:Junctional diversity
3234:Antigen presentation
2543:"Seasonal Allergies"
1666:"Seasonal Allergies"
1646:on 17 September 2010
1485:"Seasonal Allergies"
1075:Tropical Biomedicine
878:alternative medicine
198:serious allergy are
177:Another allergen is
110:are common allergens
70:parasitic infections
64:individuals through
3461:V(D)J recombination
3444:Affinity maturation
3196:Antigenic variation
2464:(4 Pt 1): 836–841.
2361:1990IJBm...34...87S
2134:(3 Pt 1): 478–485.
1769:1952Natur.170..414G
1732:on 4 September 2010
1722:"Allergic Rhinitis"
1585:on 8 September 2010
1267:2018NatSR...814427Z
1137:on 22 February 2011
933:nasal decongestants
870:nasal decongestants
860:Treatment includes
836:families. In India
812:Pleurotus ostreatus
3112:Allergome Database
2935:10.1002/clt2.12068
2886:10.1002/clt2.12286
2369:10.1007/BF01093452
1986:"Mushroom allergy"
1255:Scientific Reports
904:, difficulty with
900:, blurred vision,
810:, a basidiospore.
665:Alstonia scholaris
593:Artemisia vulgaris
251:blood transfusions
240:
157:The United States
112:
96:
3560:
3559:
3488:
3487:
3238:professional APCs
2980:10.1111/pai.13714
2798:10.1111/pai.12283
2577:Hayfever Pharmacy
2400:Annals of Allergy
2311:10.1159/000233775
2177:10.1159/000234398
2097:Annals of Allergy
1914:10.1159/000235403
1872:Annals of Allergy
1816:(7612): 131–133.
1385:(12): 1697–1699.
1059:978-0-7167-4947-9
1015:List of allergies
1010:Immunodiagnostics
599:Chenopodium album
244:List of allergens
43:allergic reaction
16:(Redirected from
3624:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3577:
3576:
3568:
3454:Clonal selection
3426:Immune privilege
3421:Immunodeficiency
3376:Cross-reactivity
3366:Hypersensitivity
3171:
3146:
3139:
3132:
3123:
3098:
3097:on 6 March 2017.
3093:. Archived from
3074:
3073:
3063:
3054:(8): 2135–2143.
3039:
3033:
3032:
3022:
3013:(8): 2135–2143.
2998:
2992:
2991:
2963:
2957:
2956:
2946:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2897:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2816:
2810:
2809:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2764:
2754:
2730:
2724:
2723:
2713:
2704:(8): 2135–2143.
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2678:
2659:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2583:on 11 April 2010
2569:
2563:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2539:
2533:
2532:
2522:
2490:
2484:
2483:
2473:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2422:
2416:
2415:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2344:
2338:
2337:
2331:
2323:
2313:
2304:(1–2): 169–170.
2293:
2287:
2286:
2276:
2252:
2246:
2245:
2214:Clinical Allergy
2209:
2203:
2202:
2196:
2188:
2160:
2154:
2153:
2143:
2119:
2113:
2112:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2076:(779): 393–396.
2065:
2059:
2058:
2027:Clinical Allergy
2022:
2016:
2015:
2005:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1957:(6): 1076–1080.
1946:
1940:
1939:
1933:
1925:
1908:(1–4): 359–361.
1897:
1888:
1887:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1851:(778): 342–346.
1840:
1834:
1833:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1780:
1778:10.1038/170414a0
1748:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1728:. Archived from
1718:
1712:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1692:
1686:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1672:. Archived from
1662:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1651:
1642:. Archived from
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1616:on 6 August 2010
1612:. Archived from
1601:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1581:. Archived from
1571:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1560:
1555:on 14 April 2010
1551:. Archived from
1549:Seasonal Allergy
1541:
1535:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1511:
1505:
1504:
1502:
1500:
1489:The Merck Manual
1480:
1474:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1464:on 14 April 2010
1460:. Archived from
1458:Seasonal Allergy
1450:
1444:
1443:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1394:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1361:
1359:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1327:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1286:
1246:
1240:
1239:
1229:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1179:
1173:
1172:
1170:
1168:
1153:
1147:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1133:. Archived from
1123:
1117:
1116:
1114:
1112:
1101:"Food Allergies"
1097:
1091:
1090:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1045:
845:Coprinus comatus
839:Fomes pectinatus
764:Ruslan Medzhitov
261:Animal products
132:food sensitivity
106:, its feces and
66:immunoglobulin E
21:
18:Seasonal allergy
3632:
3631:
3627:
3626:
3625:
3623:
3622:
3621:
3597:
3596:
3595:
3585:
3583:
3571:
3563:
3561:
3556:
3530:
3484:
3430:
3409:Clonal deletion
3337:
3331:
3261:
3162:
3150:
3085:
3082:
3077:
3041:
3040:
3036:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2818:
2817:
2813:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2732:
2731:
2727:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2676:
2674:
2663:"Allergy shots"
2661:
2660:
2656:
2646:
2644:
2636:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2618:on 3 March 2024
2610:
2609:
2605:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2571:
2570:
2566:
2556:
2554:
2541:
2540:
2536:
2492:
2491:
2487:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2424:
2423:
2419:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2346:
2345:
2341:
2324:
2295:
2294:
2290:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2189:
2162:
2161:
2157:
2121:
2120:
2116:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2024:
2023:
2019:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1926:
1899:
1898:
1891:
1869:
1868:
1864:
1842:
1841:
1837:
1807:
1806:
1802:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1735:
1733:
1720:
1719:
1715:
1705:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1679:
1677:
1664:
1663:
1659:
1649:
1647:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1617:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1588:
1586:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1558:
1556:
1543:
1542:
1538:
1528:
1526:
1513:
1512:
1508:
1498:
1496:
1482:
1481:
1477:
1467:
1465:
1452:
1451:
1447:
1425:
1424:
1420:
1372:
1371:
1367:
1357:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1341:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1248:
1247:
1243:
1207:
1206:
1202:
1192:
1190:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1166:
1164:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1140:
1138:
1125:
1124:
1120:
1110:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1094:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1060:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1038:
976:
886:pseudoephedrine
858:
792:
772:
702:, which causes
676:
671:
269:Allergy to cats
246:
232:
104:house dust mite
85:
47:immune response
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3630:
3628:
3620:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3599:
3598:
3594:
3593:
3581:
3558:
3557:
3555:
3554:
3549:
3544:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3511:
3510:
3509:
3498:
3496:
3490:
3489:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3440:
3438:
3436:Immunogenetics
3432:
3431:
3429:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3417:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3384:
3383:
3381:Co-stimulation
3378:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3353:
3348:
3341:
3339:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3322:Immune complex
3318:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3269:
3267:
3263:
3262:
3260:
3259:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3242:Dendritic cell
3230:
3229:
3224:
3223:
3222:
3220:Conformational
3217:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3177:
3175:
3168:
3164:
3163:
3151:
3149:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3126:
3120:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3081:
3080:External links
3078:
3076:
3075:
3034:
2993:
2958:
2909:
2860:
2811:
2792:(8): 740–746.
2776:
2725:
2684:
2654:
2629:
2603:
2594:
2564:
2534:
2505:(4): 353–358.
2485:
2444:
2417:
2406:(5): 385–392.
2390:
2339:
2288:
2247:
2220:(3): 191–198.
2204:
2155:
2114:
2103:(3): 469–471.
2087:
2060:
2033:(4): 351–358.
2017:
1976:
1941:
1889:
1878:(4): 306–310.
1862:
1835:
1800:
1743:
1713:
1687:
1676:on 16 May 2010
1657:
1627:
1596:
1566:
1536:
1506:
1475:
1445:
1418:
1365:
1339:
1298:
1241:
1220:(1): 264–267.
1200:
1174:
1148:
1118:
1092:
1081:(3): 243–251.
1065:
1058:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1005:Hypoallergenic
1002:
1000:Eggshell skull
997:
992:
987:
982:
975:
972:
957:contact lenses
931:An example of
882:antihistamines
866:antihistamines
857:
854:
791:
788:
771:
768:
759:
758:
755:
752:
749:
746:
675:
672:
670:
669:
668:
667:
606:
573:
549:
548:
547:
542:
534:
533:
532:
527:
519:
518:
517:
511:
505:
499:
496:Balsam of Peru
493:
490:nickel sulfate
480:
474:
473:
472:
466:
460:
446:
445:
444:
439:
438:
437:
432:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
401:
400:
395:
390:
385:
375:
374:
373:
362:
352:
343:
329:
328:
327:
317:
312:
302:
301:
300:
294:
289:
281:
272:
247:
242:Main article:
231:
228:
164:European Union
84:
81:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3629:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:Immune system
3605:
3604:
3602:
3592:
3582:
3580:
3575:
3570:
3566:
3553:
3550:
3548:
3545:
3543:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3533:
3527:
3524:
3520:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3512:
3508:
3505:
3504:
3503:
3500:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3491:
3481:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3446:
3445:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3437:
3433:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3404:Clonal anergy
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3390:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3379:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3352:
3349:
3347:
3343:
3342:
3340:
3334:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3293:Microantibody
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3275:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3225:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3208:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3179:
3178:
3176:
3172:
3169:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3154:
3147:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3128:
3127:
3124:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3083:
3079:
3071:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3053:
3049:
3045:
3038:
3035:
3030:
3026:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3004:
2997:
2994:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2974:(1): e13714.
2973:
2969:
2962:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2932:
2929:(8): e12068.
2928:
2924:
2920:
2913:
2910:
2905:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2880:(7): e12286.
2879:
2875:
2871:
2864:
2861:
2856:
2852:
2847:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2831:(2): 96–101.
2830:
2826:
2822:
2815:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2688:
2685:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2658:
2655:
2643:
2639:
2633:
2630:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2582:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2565:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2538:
2535:
2530:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2463:
2459:
2455:
2448:
2445:
2440:
2436:
2432:
2428:
2421:
2418:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2394:
2391:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2343:
2340:
2335:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2299:
2292:
2289:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2251:
2248:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2208:
2205:
2200:
2194:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2156:
2151:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2118:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2091:
2088:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2064:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1980:
1977:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1945:
1942:
1937:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1894:
1890:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1866:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1836:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1770:
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3351:Autoimmunity
3336:Immunity vs.
3288:Autoantibody
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3095:the original
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315:sulfonamides
248:
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3617:Allergology
3494:Lymphocytes
3153:Lymphocytic
2667:Mayo Clinic
1996:(1): 1–10.
1670:Kids Health
1579:ABC Science
1141:28 February
1111:23 December
1020:Nose filter
953:Ipratropium
826:aspergillus
484:patch tests
465:sting venom
372:, egg-plant
357:(typically
320:salicylates
224:epinephrine
220:anaphylaxis
128:royal jelly
118:excretion,
3612:Immunology
3601:Categories
3535:Substances
3399:Peripheral
3387:Inaction:
3266:Antibodies
3247:Macrophage
3160:complement
2433:(1): 1–7.
1050:Immunology
1036:References
990:Bioaerosol
949:Azelastine
922:loratadine
918:cetirizine
850:eczematous
834:penicillin
830:alternaria
708:runny nose
310:penicillin
212:penicillin
187:poison oak
183:poison ivy
126:, or even
3552:Cytolysin
3542:Cytokines
3389:Tolerance
3338:tolerance
3257:Immunogen
2745:(1): 83.
1736:31 August
1680:31 August
1650:31 August
1620:31 August
1589:31 August
1559:31 August
1529:31 August
1334:1678-9199
985:Asthmagen
906:urination
856:Treatment
808:Ganoderma
801:puffballs
770:Diagnosis
745:No fever.
735:headaches
557:hay fever
502:fragrance
425:tree nuts
299:excretion
297:dust mite
284:cockroach
152:shellfish
116:dust mite
3591:Medicine
3502:Cellular
3346:Immunity
3344:Action:
3327:Paratope
3315:Idiotype
3305:Allotype
3273:Antibody
3227:Mimotope
3191:Allergen
3174:Antigens
3167:Lymphoid
3070:38729302
3029:38729302
2988:34882843
2953:34667590
2904:37488730
2895:10351366
2855:23450247
2806:25251921
2771:34353372
2720:38729302
2671:Archived
2551:Archived
2529:19240083
2480:10518829
2439:10403002
2385:30836940
2242:45338948
2055:27600549
1787:12993181
1523:Archived
1519:CBS News
1493:Archived
1440:19470301
1413:Archived
1409:22253513
1401:12958180
1353:UpToDate
1293:30258210
1236:25129676
1193:24 April
1187:Archived
1087:19287364
974:See also
937:insomnia
890:Benadryl
794:In 1952
727:appetite
723:wheezing
719:coughing
704:sneezing
700:rhinitis
674:Seasonal
644:Platanus
630:Aesculus
625:hornbeam
584:plantago
567:ryegrass
530:chromium
516:(10.0%).
514:neomycin
469:mosquito
398:soybeans
341:celeriac
255:vaccines
210:stings,
204:fire ant
179:urushiol
83:Examples
39:allergen
32:Allergan
3579:Biology
3565:Portals
3547:Opsonin
3526:NK cell
3514:Humoral
3394:Central
3361:Allergy
3310:Isotype
3210:Epitope
3181:Antigen
2944:8506942
2846:3579098
2762:8340453
2677:9 April
2647:3 March
2622:3 March
2587:9 April
2557:9 April
2520:3882001
2412:2035901
2377:2228299
2357:Bibcode
2320:4008070
2234:3608137
2185:3623711
2150:3760405
2109:4037433
2082:3857522
2047:3416418
2012:3278649
1990:Allergy
1971:3204251
1922:1937899
1884:2705657
1857:3858721
1830:4183245
1795:4205965
1765:Bibcode
1499:9 April
1468:9 April
1358:25 June
1284:6158280
1263:Bibcode
1167:23 June
731:sinuses
693:Bermuda
580:ragweed
553:pollens
521:Metals
498:(11.9%)
492:(19.0%)
435:almonds
410:seafood
393:peanuts
378:legumes
370:pumpkin
359:albumen
265:Fel d 1
148:seafood
136:peanuts
54:antigen
3519:B cell
3507:T cell
3252:B cell
3215:Linear
3203:Hapten
3068:
3027:
2986:
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1793:
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1757:Nature
1706:1 June
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1399:
1332:
1291:
1281:
1234:
1085:
1056:
995:Eczema
980:Asthma
924:, and
894:Tavist
876:, and
818:, and
790:Fungal
706:and a
687:, and
639:poplar
635:willow
604:sorrel
588:nettle
551:Plant
536:Other
525:nickel
478:spores
456:sting
430:pecans
415:sesame
337:celery
324:fruits
279:dander
253:) and
230:Common
214:, and
140:legume
124:dander
122:, pet
120:pollen
108:chitin
62:atopic
2381:S2CID
2238:S2CID
2051:S2CID
1791:S2CID
1405:S2CID
1318:(2).
1030:Toxin
898:mouth
689:maple
650:Tilia
621:hazel
617:alder
613:birch
609:trees
576:weeds
563:grass
540:latex
476:Mold
471:bites
458:venom
442:wheat
383:beans
365:fruit
350:maize
332:Foods
305:Drugs
287:calyx
216:latex
172:lupin
74:atopy
3158:and
3066:PMID
3025:PMID
2984:PMID
2949:PMID
2900:PMID
2851:PMID
2802:PMID
2767:PMID
2716:PMID
2679:2010
2649:2024
2624:2024
2589:2010
2559:2010
2525:PMID
2476:PMID
2435:PMID
2408:PMID
2373:PMID
2334:link
2316:PMID
2279:PMID
2230:PMID
2199:link
2181:PMID
2146:PMID
2105:PMID
2078:PMID
2043:PMID
2008:PMID
1967:PMID
1936:link
1918:PMID
1880:PMID
1853:PMID
1826:PMID
1783:PMID
1738:2010
1708:2022
1682:2010
1652:2010
1622:2010
1591:2010
1561:2010
1531:2010
1501:2010
1470:2010
1436:PMID
1397:PMID
1360:2019
1330:ISSN
1289:PMID
1232:PMID
1195:2014
1169:2024
1143:2011
1113:2023
1083:PMID
1054:ISBN
951:and
892:and
828:and
656:Olea
545:wood
463:wasp
405:milk
388:peas
355:eggs
346:corn
339:and
292:wool
277:and
206:and
200:wasp
185:and
150:and
144:nuts
102:The
3480:HLA
3476:MHC
3056:doi
3015:doi
2976:doi
2939:PMC
2931:doi
2890:PMC
2882:doi
2841:PMC
2833:doi
2794:doi
2757:PMC
2747:doi
2706:doi
2515:PMC
2507:doi
2466:doi
2462:104
2365:doi
2306:doi
2269:doi
2222:doi
2173:doi
2136:doi
2035:doi
1998:doi
1959:doi
1910:doi
1818:doi
1773:doi
1761:170
1387:doi
1320:doi
1279:PMC
1271:doi
1222:doi
1218:135
685:elm
681:oak
454:bee
420:soy
348:or
275:fur
208:bee
142:),
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