269:
281:
261:
20:
324:, its largest well-preserved tracts. Most of the remaining forest is located in the province of Misiones, with about 11,230 km. In Paraguay, there are 11,523 km, which represent only 13.5% of the original coverage.
659:
59:
or membranaceous adult leaves. The degree of deciduousness, i.e. leaf loss, is dependent on the intensity and duration of basically two reasons: minimum and maximum temperatures and
292:
of the
Atlantic Forest that is in the worst state of conservation. The largest tract (about 471,204 km) of seasonal semideciduous forest was part of the
735:
327:
In Brazil, the situation is more critical. For a fragment to be considered large and to harbour significant species of the biome, such as large
181:
94:
According to
Rodrigues (1999), the seasonal semideciduous forest (IBGE, 1993) corresponds approximately to the following designations:
43:, it is caused by a double climatic seasonality: a season of intense summer rains followed by a period of drought. It is composed of
74:, region of the third plateau, where it presents different types of soil. It is also widely distributed in the southern portion of
401:
293:
268:
440:
280:
754:
660:"Fitossociologia de um remanescente de mata sobre tabuleiros no norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro (Mata do Carvão)"
531:
313:
372:
774:
352:
336:
312:. In Brazil, only 2.7% (about 7,716 km) of the original vegetation cover remains, which can be found in
764:
317:
156:
200:
339:, the only fragment that has an area larger than this is the Morro do Diabo State Park. In the state of
177:
343:, this type of vegetation has been reduced by 4.26% (about 2,102.75 km) of its original coverage.
496:
Kuhlmann, E (1956). "Os tipos de vegetação do Brasil: elementos para↵uma classificação fisionômica".
297:
264:
Side view, in the background, of a remnant of
Interior Atlantic Forest in Santa Fé do Sul, São Paulo.
769:
152:
79:
128:
687:
75:
273:
260:
607:
Fitogeografia brasileira : classificação fisionômico - ecológica da vegetação neotropical
340:
309:
173:
71:
759:
478:
321:
83:
48:
32:
19:
23:
Aerial view of the seasonal semideciduous forest in Morro do Diabo State Park, São Paulo.
620:
Leitão Filho, H.F. (1982). "Aspectos taxonômicos das florestas do Estado de São Paulo".
517:
Os grandes clímaces do Brasil: 1-considerações sobre os tipos vegetativos da região sul
241:
199:
Some authors also indicate a fifth type, the coastal seasonal semideciduous forest (or
371:
Pereira, Benedito Alísio da Silva; Venturoli, Fábio; Carvalho, Fabricio Alvim (2011).
748:
421:
60:
44:
248:
166:
161:
140:
There is an IBGE (2012) altimetric division to delimit study regions, which is:
56:
737:Árvores da floresta estacional semidecidual: guia de identificação de espécies
305:
640:
592:
As florestas da América do Sul: ecologia, composição e importância econômica
289:
227:
220:
64:
52:
707:
482:
107:
tropical seasonal rain forest of the south-central plateau (Veloso, 1962);
301:
234:
188:
145:
641:"Fitogeografia e estrutura das florestas estacionais deciduais no Brasi"
203:), present along the east coast of Brazil, mainly between the states of
192:
122:
submontane seasonal semideciduous forest (Veloso and Góes Filho, 1982);
36:
125:
semideciduous latifolia forest or plateau forest (Leitão Filho, 1982);
35:
biome (Inland
Atlantic Forest), but is also found occasionally in the
332:
328:
40:
279:
267:
259:
204:
176:
to Paraná, entering the inland states, on the plateaus and in the
335:), it needs to be at least 10,000 hectares (100 km). In the
113:
sub-caducifolia or tropical seasonal forest (Andrade-Lima, 1966);
519:. Vol. 60 (1 ed.). Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz.
477:. Rio de Janeiro: Typ. da Directoria do Servio de Estatistica.
296:(or Selva Paranaense) ecoregion. It extended from northwestern
144:
alluvial seasonal semideciduous forest: most frequent in the
734:
Ramos, V. S.; Franco, G. A. D. C.; Siqueira, M. F. (2008).
104:
tropical semideciduous broadleaved forest (Kuhlmann, 1956);
86:, being called alluvial seasonal semideciduous forest.
532:"Nota prévia sobre a divisão fitogeográfica do Brasil"
187:
montane seasonal semideciduous forest: small area in
373:"FLORESTAS ESTACIONAIS NO CERRADO: UMA VISÃO GERAL"
284:
Interior of the forest, Santa Fé do Sul, São Paulo.
70:The vegetation is located in the north and west of
47:with leaf buds that are protected from drought by
423:A vegetação de Piracicaba e municípios do entorno
571:Eiten, G. "A vegetação do Estado de São Paulo".
110:mesophytic semideciduous forest (Rizzini, 1963);
658:Silva, Guilherme C. da; Nascimento, Marcelo T.
215:Main Amazonian genera of Brazilian origin are:
172:submontane seasonal semideciduous forest: from
605:Veloso, Henrique P.; Goés Filho, Luiz (1982).
573:Boletim do Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo
8:
151:lowland seasonal semideciduous forest: from
119:subtropical foliated forests (Hueck, 1972);
116:semideciduous plateau forest (Eiten, 1970);
98:subtropical rain forest (Wettstein, 1904);
67:trees in the forest as a whole is 20-50%.
639:Soares Filho, Avaldo de Oliveira (2012).
409:(2 ed.). Rio de Janeiro: IBGE. 2012.
288:The Inland Atlantic Forest is one of the
31:is a vegetation type that belongs to the
498:Anais da Associação Geográfica do Brasil
78:, interspersed between fields up to the
18:
688:"A ECORREGIÃO FLORESTAS DO ALTO PARANÁ"
363:
460:Aspectos da vegetação do sul do Brasil
403:Manual técnico da vegetação brasileira
682:
680:
159:, characterized by the African genus
7:
708:"RESULTADOS POR TIPO FITOGEOGRÁFICO"
396:
394:
392:
390:
420:Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro (1999).
101:inland rain forests (Campos, 1912);
14:
539:Revista Brasileira de Geografia
63:deficiency. The percentage of
1:
441:"Mapa de vegetação do Brasil"
29:seasonal semideciduous forest
294:Alto Paraná Atlantic Forests
55:or hairs), having deciduous
560:. Atlas nacional do Brasil.
473:Campos, Gonzaga de (1912).
458:Wettstein, Richard (1970).
791:
622:Silvicultura em São Paulo
314:Morro do Diabo State Park
353:Seasonal tropical forest
272:Interior of the forest,
515:Veloso, H. P. (1962).
483:10.5962/bhl.title.4325
285:
277:
265:
82:, where it appears in
24:
429:(189 ed.). IPEF.
337:interior of São Paulo
283:
271:
263:
39:. Typical of central
22:
590:Hueck, Kurt (1972).
318:Iguaçu National Park
207:and Rio de Janeiro.
667:Revista brasil. Bot
377:Pesq. Agropec. Trop
201:Mata dos Tabuleiros
153:Rio Grande do Norte
286:
278:
266:
76:Mato Grosso do Sul
25:
755:Forests of Brazil
556:Andrade-Lima, D.
341:Rio Grande do Sul
782:
741:
722:
721:
719:
718:
704:
698:
697:
695:
694:
684:
675:
674:
664:
655:
649:
648:
636:
630:
629:
617:
611:
610:
602:
596:
595:
587:
581:
580:
568:
562:
561:
553:
547:
546:
536:
527:
521:
520:
512:
506:
505:
493:
487:
486:
470:
464:
463:
455:
449:
448:
437:
431:
430:
428:
417:
411:
410:
408:
398:
385:
384:
368:
322:Turvo State Park
300:to southeastern
165:, including the
84:riparian forests
790:
789:
785:
784:
783:
781:
780:
779:
775:Atlantic Forest
745:
744:
733:
730:
725:
716:
714:
706:
705:
701:
692:
690:
686:
685:
678:
662:
657:
656:
652:
638:
637:
633:
619:
618:
614:
604:
603:
599:
589:
588:
584:
570:
569:
565:
555:
554:
550:
534:
530:Rizzini, C. T.
529:
528:
524:
514:
513:
509:
495:
494:
490:
475:Mappa florestal
472:
471:
467:
457:
456:
452:
439:
438:
434:
426:
419:
418:
414:
406:
400:
399:
388:
370:
369:
365:
361:
349:
274:Santa Fé do Sul
258:
213:
138:
92:
33:Atlantic Forest
17:
12:
11:
5:
788:
786:
778:
777:
772:
767:
765:Tropical flora
762:
757:
747:
746:
743:
742:
729:
726:
724:
723:
699:
676:
650:
631:
612:
597:
582:
563:
548:
522:
507:
488:
465:
450:
432:
412:
386:
362:
360:
357:
356:
355:
348:
345:
257:
254:
253:
252:
245:
242:Parapiptadenia
238:
231:
224:
212:
209:
197:
196:
185:
174:Espírito Santo
170:
157:Rio de Janeiro
149:
137:
134:
133:
132:
126:
123:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
102:
99:
91:
88:
57:sclerophyllous
16:Type of forest
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
787:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
752:
750:
739:
738:
732:
731:
727:
713:
709:
703:
700:
689:
683:
681:
677:
672:
668:
661:
654:
651:
646:
642:
635:
632:
628:(1): 197–206.
627:
623:
616:
613:
608:
601:
598:
593:
586:
583:
578:
574:
567:
564:
559:
552:
549:
544:
540:
533:
526:
523:
518:
511:
508:
504:(1): 133–180.
503:
499:
492:
489:
484:
480:
476:
469:
466:
462:. E. Blücher.
461:
454:
451:
446:
442:
436:
433:
425:
424:
416:
413:
405:
404:
397:
395:
393:
391:
387:
383:(3): 446–455.
382:
378:
374:
367:
364:
358:
354:
351:
350:
346:
344:
342:
338:
334:
330:
325:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
282:
275:
270:
262:
255:
251:
250:
246:
244:
243:
239:
237:
236:
232:
230:
229:
225:
223:
222:
218:
217:
216:
210:
208:
206:
202:
194:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
171:
168:
164:
163:
158:
154:
150:
147:
143:
142:
141:
135:
130:
127:
124:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
95:
89:
87:
85:
81:
80:21st parallel
77:
73:
68:
66:
62:
61:water balance
58:
54:
50:
46:
45:phanerophytes
42:
38:
34:
30:
21:
736:
728:Bibliography
715:. Retrieved
711:
702:
691:. Retrieved
670:
666:
653:
644:
634:
625:
621:
615:
606:
600:
591:
585:
576:
572:
566:
557:
551:
542:
538:
525:
516:
510:
501:
497:
491:
474:
468:
459:
453:
444:
435:
422:
415:
402:
380:
376:
366:
326:
308:province of
287:
276:, São Paulo.
256:Preservation
247:
240:
233:
226:
219:
214:
198:
160:
139:
129:Mata de Cipó
93:
69:
28:
26:
673:(1): 51–62.
579:(1): 1–147.
249:Peltophorum
178:Mantiqueira
162:Caesalpinia
90:Terminology
770:Ecoregions
749:Categories
717:2012-03-29
693:2012-03-27
545:(1): 3–64.
359:References
331:(like the
290:ecoregions
184:mountains;
167:brazilwood
136:Categories
53:cataphylls
558:Vegetação
306:Argentine
298:São Paulo
228:Cariniana
221:Astronium
65:deciduous
740:. EDUSP.
347:See also
310:Misiones
304:and the
302:Paraguay
235:Lecythis
189:Itatiaia
146:Pantanal
760:Forests
609:. IBGE.
447:. 1992.
329:mammals
193:Roraima
37:Cerrado
594:. UNB.
333:jaguar
182:Órgãos
72:Paraná
49:scales
41:Brazil
663:(PDF)
535:(PDF)
427:(PDF)
407:(PDF)
211:Flora
205:Bahia
169:tree;
712:UFSM
645:UEFS
445:IBGE
320:and
191:and
180:and
27:The
479:doi
155:to
751::
710:.
679:^
671:24
669:.
665:.
643:.
626:16
624:.
575:.
543:25
541:.
537:.
500:.
443:.
389:^
381:41
379:.
375:.
316:,
720:.
696:.
647:.
577:7
502:8
485:.
481::
195:;
148:;
131:.
51:(
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