370:. After this, 120 Portuguese soldiers fled with Seble Wongel to the region of Tigray. Gelawdewos originally left Semien but rejoined his mother in October 1542. He then marched to Tigray and collected the remaining 120 Portuguese troops. Starting from 17 November 1542, Gelawdewos' combined Ethiopian-Portuguese forces defeated the Adal-Ottoman armies several times and killed several key leaders before finally killing Imam Ahmed and subsequently routing the Muslim army at the
255:. While it is not clear if Seble Wongel actually came from Gojjam, it has been suggested that these later claims do not contradict 16th-century chronicles that record Seble Wongel as coming from outside the Ethiopian realm of direct control, as Gojjam enjoyed a high degree of autonomy at the time, and possibly not all of the area was Christian.
316:
She was all covered to the ground with silk with a large flowing cloak, and some men bore a silk canopy that covered her and the mule to the ground, with an opening in front for her to see through. She was clothed in very thin white Indian cloth and a burnoose of black satin, with flowers and fringes
381:
The eldest son of Bati del
Wambara and Imam Ahmed was captured at Wayna Daga, and Seble Wongel used him to barter for the life of her son Menas, who had been held captive by the Adal for five years. Through her influence, as well as that of Bati del Wambara, a prisoner exchange was conducted, and
354:
and his
Portuguese to return to their country as Seble Wongel had deceived him. Due to ever decreasing supplies and their opponents refusal to attack, CristĂłvĂŁo da Gama arranged his forces with the queen at the center and, in the morning of Tuesday April 4, 1542, they began to march towards their
311:
attempted to capture it via siege the previous year, "not out of desire for the treasures that were in it, for there were none there and he knew it well, but to get the Queen into his hands, whom he much desired, as she is very beautiful." Castanhoso provided a further description of the Queen:
284:. From 1529 to 1543, the Adal swept through Ethiopian lands, leading almost to the destruction of the state. In 1539, Seble Wongel's mother was killed when the Adalites attacked the region, and the eldest of Seble Wongel's sons, Fiqtor, was killed in battle by the forces of
355:
enemy. The
Adalites were defeated, with Gragn himself gravely wounded, and Seble's Ethiopian forces reportedly slew the Moors "as if they had been sheep". While in pursuit, the Queen had a tent pitched, her and her women bandaging the wounded with their own
337:
having known of them. However, Gama was concerned that if he marched around this Muslim-held strongpoint, the local peasantry would be disappointed and stop providing supplies for his troops. The
Portuguese pitched their camp the day before
232:. and her mother was named Yodit which literally means "Jewess" or "Judith". Chronicles written in the 16th century imply that she was neither a member of the traditional nobility nor any group integrated with the
240:, meaning that her marriage was a major dynastic and political alliance. By contrast with previous emperors, Seble Wongel was the only wife, which won Lebna Dengel praise from contemporary Christian writers.
197:. To differentiate the two famous women, people sometimes refer to the earlier empress as Seble Wongel "Teleq" (the great) or "Kedamawit" (the first), while the modern figure is referred to with the suffixes
390:
Menas established the kingdom's base in the region of
Mengiste Semayat, and Seble Wongel left with him in 1559. By 1563, Seble Wongel had made her official residence in this region at Kidane Mehret church.
346:, the queen arrived to their rear. She was placed in the center of the camp, which was properly arranged to await for the "Moors" as it occupied a hillock "near the stream of Afgol" (Afgol Ghiorghis,
662:
The
Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1541-1543, as Narrated by Castanhoso With Some Contemporary Letters, the Short Account of Bermudez, and Certain Extracts from Correa, p.48(3) (2017)
653:
The
Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1541-1543, as Narrated by Castanhoso With Some Contemporary Letters, the Short Account of Bermudez, and Certain Extracts from Correa, p.47 (2017)
644:
The
Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1541-1543, as Narrated by Castanhoso With Some Contemporary Letters, the Short Account of Bermudez, and Certain Extracts from Correa, p.47 (2017)
626:
The
Portuguese Expedition to Abyssinia in 1541-1543, as Narrated by Castanhoso With Some Contemporary Letters, the Short Account of Bermudez, and Certain Extracts from Correa, p.54 (2017)
39:
317:
of very fine gold, like a cloak her head dressed in the
Portuguese manner, and so muffled in a very fine cloth that only her eyes could be seen.
923:
893:
480:
913:
484:, in the historical battle "Christopher da Gama's Expedition" based on the Ethiopian-Adal War, incorrectly called Sabla Wengel in-game.
174:
49:
928:
784:
918:
366:-Adal army several times, the Portuguese suffering a defeat against a much larger force supported by thousands of Ottoman
938:
247:, though this association with the region may stem from the fact that she later settled there. The 20th-century record
908:
903:
898:
732:
334:
308:
293:
19:
This article is about the 16th century Ethiopian Empress of Lebna Dengel. For the wife of the uncrowned emperor
359:
and crying tears of joy as they had been afraid. After the victory, Seble Wongel sent out spies in disguise.
351:
300:
264:
182:
830:
Addis Ababa University Institute of Ethiopian Studies XVII International Conference of Ethiopian Studies
350:?), the best site on the plain. Gragn, after seeing the outnumbered Christian forces, offered to allow
933:
888:
371:
322:
202:
330:
237:
854:
194:
24:
536:
Tekletsadiq Makuria, The history of Ethiopia from Emperor Lebna Dengel to Emperor Tewdros p.198
780:
439:
289:
139:
123:
846:
375:
837:
Molvaer, Reidulf K. (1998). "The Tragedy of Emperor Libne-Dingil of Ethiopia (1508-1540)".
797:
The Chronicle of King Gälawdewos (1540–1559): A Critical Edition with Annotated Translation
343:
229:
806:
325:, arguing that Gama should wait until her son Emperor Gelawdewos could march north from
363:
281:
825:
882:
858:
347:
445:
270:
251:
by Aleqa Tekle Iyesus suggests that Seble Wongel was a descendant of Äžara Ĺ um from
233:
178:
116:
339:
304:
222:
453:
418:
274:
131:
808:
The Portuguese expedition to Abyssinia in 1541-1543 as narrated by Castanhoso
429:
367:
850:
401:
356:
243:
Popular tradition from the 18th century onwards holds that she came from
225:
777:
Asma Giyorgis and His Work: History of the Galla and the Kingdom of Ĺ awa
193:
Seble Wongel is frequently confused with the 20th-century noblewoman,
181:. She is well-known as a key political and military figure during the
252:
244:
303:
first came across the Queen while she was on top of the mountain of
795:
326:
285:
278:
362:
In 1542, after their forces had fought and defeated the Muslim
299:
According to the Portuguese chronicler Miguel de Castanhoso,
307:. The mountain was said to have been heavily fortified as
277:
were marked by wars between the Ethiopian Empire and the
744:
The youngest son according to Asma Giyorgis 1987, p.151.
544:
542:
378:, escaped with 40 Turkish soldiers and 300 horsemen.
832:. Addis Ababa: HAL archives-ouvertes. pp. 2–30.
805:
Castanhoso, Miguel de (1902). Whiteway, R.S. (ed.).
321:
Queen Seble Wongel advised against attacking at the
160:
122:
112:
104:
96:
92:
84:
76:
68:
63:
55:
48:
32:
185:, as well as the reigns of her sons and grandson.
826:"Sabla WangĂŞl,the queen of the Kingdom of Heaven"
16:Empress of Ethiopia and wife of Emperor Dawit II
872:: from the fourteenth to the eighteenth century
314:
8:
868:A survey of historical heritages in Gondar
707:
29:
695:
683:
671:
374:on 21 February 1543. Imam Ahmed's wife,
719:
596:
572:
548:
524:
500:
493:
584:
560:
512:
481:Age of Empires III: Definitive Edition
7:
288:Uthman. The same year, another son,
236:kingdom under the authority of the
14:
794:Beyene, Solomon Gebreyes (2016).
731:Captured and killed by forces of
779:. Stuttgart: F. Steiner Verlag.
382:Menas was returned to Ethiopia.
1:
924:Women in 16th-century warfare
894:Empresses consort of Ethiopia
800:(PhD). University of Hamburg.
866:Nurhusien, Muhammed (2017).
468:Taodra, or possibly Theodora
914:Ethiopian women in politics
874:(MA). University of Gondar.
775:Asma Giyorgis, Ato (1987).
173:(died 4 December 1567) was
955:
762:Not listed in all records.
753:Not listed in all records.
421:(1572 – 17 September 1632)
262:
221:Seble Wongel was from the
18:
839:Northeast African Studies
456:(c. 1521 – 23 March 1559)
404:(1496 – 2 September 1540)
37:
824:Margaux, Herman (2009).
478:Seble Wongel appears in
177:through her marriage to
811:. London: Redford Press
448:(1550 – 4 October 1597)
319:
851:10.1353/nas.1998.0011
919:African women in war
432:(d. 24 October 1604)
385:
249:The Goggam Chronicle
939:Mothers of emperors
929:Abyssinian–Adal War
201:, derived from her
175:Empress of Ethiopia
50:Empress of Ethiopia
473:In popular culture
273:and his successor
265:Ethiopian–Adal War
259:Ethiopian–Adal War
195:Sabla Wangel Hailu
183:Ethiopian–Adal War
25:Sabla Wangel Hailu
909:1540s in Ethiopia
904:1530s in Ethiopia
899:Solomonic dynasty
708:Castanhoso (1902)
352:CristĂłvĂŁo da Gama
323:Battle of Baçente
301:CristĂłvĂŁo da Gama
238:Ethiopian Emperor
209:(the second), or
168:
167:
946:
875:
862:
833:
820:
818:
816:
801:
790:
763:
760:
754:
751:
745:
742:
736:
729:
723:
717:
711:
710:, p. xxxiv.
705:
699:
696:Nurhusien (2017)
693:
687:
686:, p. 57–62.
684:Nurhusien (2017)
681:
675:
672:Nurhusien (2017)
669:
663:
660:
654:
651:
645:
642:
636:
635:Whiteway, p. 32.
633:
627:
624:
618:
615:
609:
606:
600:
594:
588:
582:
576:
570:
564:
563:, p. 45–46.
558:
552:
546:
537:
534:
528:
522:
516:
510:
504:
498:
465:Welette-Qiddusan
412:Yaqob (d. 1558)
409:Fiqtor (d. 1539)
376:Bati del Wambara
292:was captured by
150:Welette-Qiddusan
30:
954:
953:
949:
948:
947:
945:
944:
943:
879:
878:
865:
836:
823:
814:
812:
804:
793:
787:
774:
771:
766:
761:
757:
752:
748:
743:
739:
730:
726:
718:
714:
706:
702:
694:
690:
682:
678:
670:
666:
661:
657:
652:
648:
643:
639:
634:
630:
625:
621:
616:
612:
607:
603:
595:
591:
583:
579:
571:
567:
559:
555:
547:
540:
535:
531:
523:
519:
511:
507:
499:
495:
491:
475:
462:Sabana-Giyorgis
426:Lesana Krestos
397:
388:
344:Battle of Jarte
267:
261:
219:
191:
156:
147:Sabana-Giyorgis
108:4 December 1567
64:Dowager Empress
59:pre-1518 – 1540
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
952:
950:
942:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
881:
880:
877:
876:
863:
834:
821:
802:
791:
785:
770:
767:
765:
764:
755:
746:
737:
724:
720:Margaux (2009)
712:
700:
688:
676:
664:
655:
646:
637:
628:
619:
617:Whiteway p. 18
610:
608:Whiteway p. 15
601:
597:Molvaer (1998)
589:
577:
573:Margaux (2009)
565:
553:
549:Margaux (2009)
538:
529:
525:Margaux (2009)
517:
515:, p. 184.
505:
492:
490:
487:
486:
485:
474:
471:
470:
469:
466:
463:
460:
459:Amata-Giyorgis
457:
451:
450:
449:
437:
436:
435:
434:
433:
424:
423:
422:
410:
406:
405:
396:
393:
387:
384:
282:Adal Sultanate
260:
257:
218:
215:
213:(the little).
190:
187:
166:
165:
162:
158:
157:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:Amata-Giyorgis
142:
137:
134:
128:
126:
120:
119:
114:
110:
109:
106:
102:
101:
98:
94:
93:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
78:
74:
73:
70:
66:
65:
61:
60:
57:
53:
52:
46:
45:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
951:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
886:
884:
873:
869:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
835:
831:
827:
822:
810:
809:
803:
799:
798:
792:
788:
782:
778:
773:
772:
768:
759:
756:
750:
747:
741:
738:
734:
728:
725:
722:, p. 11.
721:
716:
713:
709:
704:
701:
698:, p. 62.
697:
692:
689:
685:
680:
677:
674:, p. 57.
673:
668:
665:
659:
656:
650:
647:
641:
638:
632:
629:
623:
620:
614:
611:
605:
602:
599:, p. 34.
598:
593:
590:
587:, p. 31.
586:
585:Beyene (2016)
581:
578:
575:, p. 12.
574:
569:
566:
562:
561:Beyene (2016)
557:
554:
551:, p. 13.
550:
545:
543:
539:
533:
530:
527:, p. 27.
526:
521:
518:
514:
513:Beyene (2016)
509:
506:
502:
497:
494:
488:
483:
482:
477:
476:
472:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
447:
444:
443:
441:
438:
431:
428:
427:
425:
420:
417:
416:
414:
413:
411:
408:
407:
403:
399:
398:
394:
392:
383:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
353:
349:
345:
342:prior to the
341:
336:
332:
329:and join the
328:
324:
318:
313:
310:
306:
302:
297:
295:
291:
287:
283:
280:
276:
272:
269:The reign of
266:
258:
256:
254:
250:
246:
241:
239:
235:
231:
227:
224:
216:
214:
212:
208:
204:
200:
196:
188:
186:
184:
180:
176:
172:
163:
159:
152:
149:
146:
143:
141:
138:
135:
133:
130:
129:
127:
125:
121:
118:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
62:
58:
54:
51:
47:
44:
43:
42:
36:
31:
26:
22:
871:
870:Zuria Woreda
867:
845:(2): 23–46.
842:
838:
829:
813:. Retrieved
807:
796:
776:
758:
749:
740:
727:
715:
703:
691:
679:
667:
658:
649:
640:
631:
622:
613:
604:
592:
580:
568:
556:
532:
520:
508:
501:Margaux 2009
496:
479:
446:Sarsa Dengel
402:Lebna Dengel
389:
386:Menas' reign
380:
361:
320:
315:
298:
271:Lebna Dengel
268:
248:
242:
220:
210:
206:
198:
192:
179:Lebna Dengel
171:Seble Wongel
170:
169:
117:Lebna Dengel
100:Wenag Mogasa
80:Na'od Mogasa
40:
38:
33:Seble Wongel
20:
934:Beta Israel
889:1567 deaths
340:Palm Sunday
335:Ahmed Gragn
305:Debre Dammo
223:Beta Israel
88:Adimas Moas
77:Predecessor
23:Iyasu, see
883:Categories
786:3515037160
769:References
733:Imam Ahmad
454:Gelawdewos
442:(d. 1563)
419:Susenyos I
415:Fasilides
372:Wayna Daga
368:musketeers
331:Portuguese
309:Imam Ahmed
294:Imam Ahmed
275:Gelawdewos
263:See also:
132:Gelawdewos
859:143584847
430:Za Dengel
400:Husband:
234:Christian
205:'s name,
85:Successor
72:1540–1563
357:headgear
226:nobility
207:Dagmawit
815:11 June
364:Ottoman
333:due to
211:Tinishi
113:Husband
857:
783:
395:Family
348:Tigray
279:Muslim
253:Enemay
245:Gojjam
230:Semien
203:father
161:Mother
153:Taodra
69:Tenure
56:Tenure
855:S2CID
489:Notes
440:Menas
327:Shewa
290:Menas
286:Garad
199:Hailu
164:Yodit
140:Menas
136:Yaqob
124:Issue
41:Itege
817:2020
781:ISBN
217:Life
189:Name
105:Died
97:Born
847:doi
228:of
21:Lij
885::
853:.
841:.
828:.
541:^
296:.
861:.
849::
843:5
819:.
789:.
735:.
503:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.