509:. Polygynous males are usually more successful than monogamous males because breeding with multiple females increases their number of offspring. Males arrive earlier than females at breeding sites to establish territories and the ones defending territories with more nesting sites and food usually attract more females. Males are also the ones building the nests. They build multiple nests which serve for nesting, as dormitories and as decoys for predators. The females will then add a lining of grass, sedge and feathers to the nest she chooses. Nests are round globes of dried grass with a round opening on the side. They are usually built in grasses and sedges about one or two feet above ground or shallow water. Females usually lay seven eggs but it can vary from one to ten eggs which she incubates for 12–16 days. The eggs are oval shaped with no markings and measure on average 16 by 12 mm (0.63 by 0.47 in). The young
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mates. They sing both during the day and the night. While males usually sing to attract females, they can also engage in countersinging, where a male will respond to another male's song. A male will usually answer the other male with a different song type and frequently change song types during the interaction. Both males also usually sing faster during countersinging. It is hypothesized that they do so to send the maximum amount of stimuli to the listener whether it be a male or a potential mate.
31:
84:
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This large variation results from the tendency of North
American sedge wrens to move often. North American sedge wrens are nomadic breeders compared to their sedentary central and South American relatives. They breed where moist meadows and grasslands are available and they may not return to the same locations the next year if conditions are not right. Furthermore, adult birds may switch locations after raising their first
59:
517:. The females do most of the parental care and feeding whilst the males continue to build nests and display for other females. However, males will also occasionally feed the young. The young leave the nest after 11–16 days. Some early breeding females can also have a second brood later in the season.
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and in Iowa where they were previously absent in early summer. It is however not actually known if these birds bred somewhere else before. There are several hypotheses to explain this potential second migration. One hypothesis is that these birds are coming from the northern part of their range where
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Songs usually last 1.5 to 2 seconds and start with 3 to 4 high notes or staccato chips followed by a series of thrills. While both male and females can produce calls, only the males sing. Males sing from late winter to early spring on non-breeding grounds and throughout the breeding season to attract
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migrants. They leave their wintering grounds between early April and mid-May and usually arrive at their breeding grounds between mid-April and mid-May. They will typically leave their breeding grounds when frost reduces significantly the abundance of insects. They depart anywhere from August in the
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in the same location. Another similar hypothesis is that these birds come from various locations where the environmental conditions changed and were no longer suitable for raising a second brood. A final hypothesis is that males that were not able to breed at their previous location relocate to the
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During the breeding season they are found in the southern half of
Alberta and Saskatchewan and in southern Ontario and Quebec in Canada and in the United States, west of the Appalachians, from the Canadian border to Missouri and northern Arkansas. During migration and winter they are found from the
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Sedge wrens improvise their songs rather than learning them from other birds. Lab and field observations demonstrated that males had large ranges of individually unique songs and that their songs were poor imitations of the same template songs. There was also very little song sharing among males.
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to go to wetter areas. There is thus a lot of movement and mixing of populations and birds rarely have the same neighbor twice. Therefore, there is no selection for a precise imitation of the neighboring birds and variations arise in the males' songs. Moreover, because their songs vary so much
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of the beak is brown while the lower mandible is yellow. They have pink legs and feet. Juveniles are overall similar to adults but have less streaking on the head and nape and their chest is paler than adults. The sedge wren can be differentiated from the similar
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During the breeding season, sedge wrens generally occupy meadows and wet grasslands. They can however live in wetter areas such as marshes and dryer habitat such as dry prairies. They prefer areas with dense and tall grasses and sedges to build their nests.
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1005:
Manci, Karen M.; Rusch, Donald H. (1988). "Indices to distribution and abundance of some inconspicuous waterbirds on
Horicon Marsh (Indices de Distribución y Abundancia de Aves Inconspicuas de Área Anegadiza Horicon)".
482:
There is some evidence that some sedge wrens may go through a second migration during the breeding season to breed at a second location. Sedge wrens were observed arriving and breeding from mid to late summer in the
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During winter, migratory sedge wrens can be found in a variety of habitat as long as there are sufficient insects to eat. For example, they can be found in pine savannas, dry prairies, meadows, marshes, and bogs.
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232:. It is widely distributed in North America. It is often found in wet grasslands and meadows where it nests in the tall grasses and sedges and feeds on insects. The sedge wren was formerly considered as
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naturally, it decreases the overall variation over large geographic scales and wrens from all over North
America can communicate with each other regardless of which population they came from.
1688:
417:
1708:
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Taylor, Walter
Kingsley; Crawford, Robert L.; Kershner, Mark; Gravel, Sandy (1983). "House wren migration compared with other wrens: an emphasis on Florida".
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1128:
Brooks, Matthew E.; Stouffer, Philip C. (2011). "Interspecific variation in habitat preferences of grassland birds wintering in southern pine savannas".
333:. They have a white throat and belly with pale buff on the side. Their beak is long and slender. and measures on average 6.77 to 6.95 mm The upper
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The sedge wren is a relatively small wren that measures 10 to 12 cm (3.9 to 4.7 in), weighs 7 to 10 g (0.25 to 0.35 oz) and has a
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836:
Robert, Michel; Jobin, Benoît; Latendresse, Claudie; Giguère, Sylvain; Shaffer, François (2009). "Habitat use by Sedge Wrens in
Southern Québec".
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northern part of their range to the end of
October in the central states to arrive in their wintering grounds starting in early September.
626:
Museum
Heineanum : Verzeichniss der ornithologischen Sammlung des Oberamtmann Ferdinand Heine, auf Gut St. Burchard vor Halberstadt
329:
and brown irises. Their rump is orange and tail is tawny brown bared with black. Wings are tawny brown bared with black, white and pale
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Robbins, Mark B.; Nyári, Árpád S. (2014). "Canada to Tierra del Fuego: species limits and historical biogeography of the Sedge Wren (
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Sedge wren forage on the ground for insects and spiders. They eat many types of insects such as moths, flies and grasshoppers.
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but males are slightly larger. Their head and back are tawny brown streaked with black and white. They have a pale
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The sedge wren was formerly known as the short-billed marsh wren but was renamed to better distinguish it from the
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central plains. They will then wait for the arrival of females that are relocating and try to breed with them.
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Life histories of North
American nuthatches, wrens, thrashers and their allies;order Passeriformes
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1063:. Fargo, North Dakota: Tri-College University Center for Environmental Studies. pp. 95–99.
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of 4.1 to 4.6 cm (1.6 to 1.8 in). Wingspan ranges from 4.7-5.5 in (12-14 cm).
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687:"Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens & gnatcatchers"
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609:. Vol. 9. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 391.
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920:"Evidence of dual breeding ranges for the Sedge Wren in the Central Great Plains"
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1261:"The ecology of song improvisation as illustrated by North American Sedge Wrens"
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Butler, Adam B.; Martin, James A.; Palmer, William E.; Carroll, John P. (2009).
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1176:"Winter use of South Florida dry prairie by two declining grassland passerines"
629:(in German). Vol. 1. Halberstadt: In Commission bei R. Frantz. p. 77.
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776:"Sedge Wren Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology"
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Johann
Andreas Naumann's Naturgeschichte der Vögel Deutschlands
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Kroodsma, D.E.; Liu, W.C.; Goodwin, E.; Bedell, P.A. (1999).
1050:"Seasonal phenology and habitat selection of the Sedge Wren
1303:"Nocturnal migration in Illinois: different points of view"
1061:
Proceedings of the Ninth North American Prairie Conference
589:. Vol. 3. Leipzig: G. Fleischer. Table facing p. 724.
345:) by its smaller size, streaked crown and different song.
969:"Nests, territories, and reproduction of Sedge Wrens (
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southern half of Arkansas down to Texas and Florida.
810:
Sibley Field Guide to Birds of Eastern North America
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1222:"Complex singing behaviors among Cistothorus wrens"
559:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103887005A104216001.en
488:shorter summers prevents them from having a second
1684:Native birds of the Plains-Midwest (United States)
1048:Schramm, P.; Schramm, D.S.; Johnson, S.G. (1986).
1371:"Polygynous breeding of Short-Billed Marsh Wrens"
892:. Washington: U.S. Government. pp. 265–276.
393:
812:. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. pp. 302–303.
1689:Native birds of the Northeastern United States
1423:- USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
752:"Sedge Wren - | Birds of North America Online"
8:
288:. They were split based on the results of a
1220:Kroodsma, Donald E.; Verner, Jared (1978).
292:study published in 2014. The sedge wren is
276:was introduced by the German ornithologist
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1081:"Studies of the Short-Billed Marsh Wren (
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1709:Taxa named by Johann Friedrich Naumann
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603:; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1960).
1674:Native birds of the Canadian Prairies
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1659:IUCN Red List least concern species
545:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
485:Central Plains of the United States
425:Listen to Sedge wren on xeno-canto
14:
1079:Walkinshaw, Lawrence H. (1935).
1054:in a restored tallgrass prairie"
606:Check-list of Birds of the World
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318:Females and males have the same
280:in 1850. The sedge wren and the
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888:Bent, Arthur Cleveland (1948).
685:; Donsker, David, eds. (2017).
534:BirdLife International (2016).
1679:Native birds of Eastern Canada
240:of central and South America.
1:
1369:Crawford, Richard D. (1977).
1130:Wilson Journal of Ornithology
838:Wilson Journal of Ornithology
646:Wilson Journal of Ornithology
366:Sedge wren in tall vegetation
1417:- Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1337:Journal of Field Ornithology
1008:Journal of Field Ornithology
413:Example of Sedge wren song:
252:by the German ornithologist
1301:Graber, Richard R. (1968).
691:World Bird List Version 7.3
224:) is a small and secretive
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1439:- Internet Bird Collection
967:Burns, Jeffrey T. (1982).
552:: e.T103887005A104216001.
581:Naumann, Johann Friedrich
284:were formerly treated as
267:is Carolina. The current
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79:Scientific classification
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28:
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1437:Videos, photos and sound
1202:10.1525/cond.2009.080080
1193:10.1525/cond.2009.080080
918:Bedell, Paul A. (1996).
898:2027/uiug.30112101597810
349:Distribution and habitat
254:Johann Friedrich Naumann
1704:Birds described in 1823
478:Dual breeding migration
236:with the non-migratory
1694:Birds of South America
1433:; (includes range map)
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343:(Cistothorus palustris
290:molecular phylogenetic
1669:Birds of the Americas
1636:Cistothorus-stellaris
1508:Cistothorus stellaris
1478:Cistothorus stellaris
1083:Cistothorus stellaris
1052:Cistothorus platensis
971:Cistothorus platensis
780:www.allaboutbirds.org
642:Cistothorus platensis
538:Cistothorus stellaris
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261:Troglodytes stellaris
221:Cistothorus stellaris
188:Cistothorus stellaris
1390:10.1093/auk/94.2.359
1421:Identification tips
808:Sibley, DA (2016).
248:The sedge wren was
228:bird in the family
49:Conservation status
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256:in 1823 under the
40:Prairie State Park
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1470:Taxon identifiers
819:978-0-307-95791-7
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1085:) in Michigan"
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1605:NatureServe
1579:iNaturalist
1502:Wikispecies
756:birdsna.org
697:29 December
683:Gill, Frank
601:Mayr, Ernst
565:12 November
327:supercilium
307:Description
286:conspecific
273:Cistothorus
234:conspecific
157:Cistothorus
42:, Missouri
24:Sedge wren
1653:Categories
1631:Xeno-canto
1623:sedge-wren
1180:The Condor
785:2020-09-28
761:2017-10-06
521:References
511:hatchlings
507:monogamous
503:polygynous
340:marsh wren
313:wing-chord
301:marsh wren
282:grass wren
238:grass wren
216:sedge wren
1610:2.1216384
1597:103887005
1535:103887005
1493:Q22575825
515:altricial
471:nocturnal
461:Migration
294:monotypic
250:described
226:passerine
164:Species:
102:Kingdom:
96:Eukaryota
1530:BirdLife
1487:Wikidata
1150:23033484
866:84147758
858:20616906
666:86234438
623:(1850).
583:(1823).
384:Behavior
335:mandible
244:Taxonomy
142:Family:
116:Chordata
112:Phylum:
106:Animalia
92:Domain:
69:IUCN 3.1
1571:8930925
1558:sedwre1
1545:sedwre1
1517:Avibase
1445:- VIREO
1398:4085101
1378:The Auk
1349:4512783
1322:4159682
1288:4089372
1268:The Auk
1241:4085357
1229:The Auk
1158:5253039
1112:4077509
1092:The Auk
1020:4513297
992:4161644
939:4163643
371:Habitat
320:plumage
198:, 1823)
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1394:JSTOR
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862:S2CID
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662:S2CID
490:brood
446:brood
269:genus
1618:ODNR
1592:IUCN
1566:GBIF
1429:for
814:ISBN
699:2017
644:)".
567:2021
550:2016
513:are
469:and
453:Diet
331:buff
324:buff
214:The
126:Aves
1386:doi
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