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326:"The Three Mystic Apes" (Sambiki Saru) were described as "the attendants of Saruta Hito no Mikoto or Kōshin, the God of the Roads". The Kōshin festival was held on the 60th day of the calendar. It has been suggested that during the Kōshin festival, according to old beliefs, one's bad deeds might be reported to heaven "unless avoidance actions were taken…". It has been theorized that the three Mystic Apes, Not Seeing, Hearing, or Speaking, may have been the "things that one has done wrong in the last 59 days".
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The opposite version of the three wise monkeys can also be found. In this case, one monkey holds its hands to its eyes to focus vision, the second monkey cups its hands around its ears to improve hearing, and the third monkey holds its hands to its mouth like a bullhorn. Another modern interpretation
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226:(from the 3rd century BCE), which reads: " makes his eyes not want to see what is not right, makes his ears not want to hear what is not right, makes his mouth not want to speak what is not right, and makes his heart not want to deliberate over what is not right" (
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189:’s Code of Conduct, using the monkey as a way to depict man’s life cycle. There are a total of eight panels, and the iconic three wise monkeys picture comes from panel 2. The philosophy, however, probably originally came to Japan with a
214:(from 4th to 2nd century BCE), that reads: "Look not at what is contrary to propriety; listen not to what is contrary to propriety; speak not what is contrary to propriety; make no movement which is contrary to propriety" (
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There are at least two divergent interpretations of the maxim: in
Buddhist tradition, it is about avoiding evil thoughts and deeds. In the West, however, it is often interpreted as dealing with impropriety by
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religion. The monkey is believed to be the messenger of the Hie Shinto shrines, which also have connections with Tendai
Buddhism. There are even important festivals that are celebrated during the
424:. The monkey may be shown crossing its arms or covering its genitals. Yet another variation has the fourth monkey hold its nose to avoid a stench and has been dubbed "smell no evil" accordingly.
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influence. It was founded by Tendai
Buddhist monks in the late 10th century. A considerable number of stone monuments can be found all over the eastern part of Japan around
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living in everyone's body. The Sanshi keep track of the good deeds and particularly the bad deeds of the person they inhabit. Every 60 days, on the night called
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Just as there is disagreement about the origin of the phrase, there are differing explanations of the meaning of "see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil".
308:"monkey" used in compounds. Thus the saying (which does not include any specific reference to "evil") can also be interpreted as referring to three monkeys.
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Though the teaching had nothing to do with monkeys, the concept of the three monkeys originated from a simple play on words. The saying in
Japanese is
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The proverb and the image are often used to refer to a lack of moral responsibility on the part of people who refuse to acknowledge impropriety,
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The three wise monkeys, and the associated proverb, are known throughout Asia and outside Asia. They have been a motif in pictures, such as the
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that the most significant examples are presented. The Kōshin belief or practice is a
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A. W. Smith, Folklore, Vol. 104, No. ½ pp. 144–150 "On the
Ambiguity of the Three Wise Monkeys"
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The shrine at Nikko is a Shinto shrine, and the monkey is an extremely important being in the
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Planet of the Apes
Revisited: The Behind-The Scenes Story of the Classic Science Fiction Saga
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In
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1068:. Translated by Eric L. Hutton. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 8.
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1194:(1st ed.). New York: Thomas Dunne Books/St. Martin's Griffin. p. 71.
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The
Origins of English Words: A Discursive Dictionary of Indo-European Roots
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Tōshō-gū shrine stable. The “Wise monkeys” panel is the second from left.
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39:"See no evil hear no evil" redirects here. For the 1989 comedy film, see
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Humata, Hukhta, Hvarshta, "good thoughts, good words, good deeds" in
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Sculpture of four monkeys, the fourth monkey is covering its genitals
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Pictorial maxim, embodying "see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil"
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Transactions and proceedings of the Japan
Society, London, Volume 1
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The three monkeys are depicted in the trial scene in the 1968 film
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The maxim inspired an award-winning 2008 Turkish film by director
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Random House Dictionary of America's Popular Proverbs and Sayings
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Oldest reference to the correct monkey names in English. Source:
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567:. Gandhi's statue also inspired a 2008 artwork by Subodh Gupta,
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Three wise monkeys variation : "Hear, see, speak only good"
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is "Hear, see, and speak out loud for what you stand for".
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is a 17th-century carving over a door of a stable of the
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Outside Japan the monkeys' names are sometimes given as
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Archer Taylor, "Audi, Vidi, Tace" and the three monkeys
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not to see, say or hear the bad deeds of a person. The
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is a negative conjugation on the three verbs, matching
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A World War II poster directed at participants in the
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According to other accounts, the monkeys caused the
32:"Sanzaru" redirects here. For the game company, see
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1186:Russo, Joe; Landsman, Larry; Gross, Edward (2001).
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1104:"How about monkey see, monkey DON'T do next time?"
593:quipped about a meeting of former US Presidents: "
842:. Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner and Co. p. 98.
1155:"QMA unveils Gandhi's 'Three Monkeys' at Katara"
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821:Midwestern Journal of Language and Folklore
169:The source that popularized this pictorial
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490:Learn how and when to remove this message
1417:See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil
185:, and are believed to have incorporated
115:), "does not speak", covering his mouth.
76:see no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil
18:See no evil, hear no evil, speak no evil
1327:More Information compiled by Collectors
1083:. London, New York: J. Lane. p. 10
874:Pornpimol Kanchanalak (21 April 2011).
809:
605:: see no evil, hear no evil and evil."
197:legend, from China in the 8th century (
637:representations of the monkeys in the
103:), "does not hear", covering his ears
7:
472:adding citations to reliable sources
239:Kōshin scroll with the three monkeys
91:), "does not see", covering his eyes
229:使目非是無欲見也，使耳非是無欲聞也，使口非是無欲言也，使心非是無欲慮也
1316:Information compiled by collectors
1128:NATARAJAN, NARGIS (2 April 2023).
922:Oldest reference of the incorrect
517:(Japanese woodblock printings) by
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981:Shipley, Joseph Twadell (2001).
836:Japan Society of London (1893).
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281:) "see not, hear not, speak not"
41:See No Evil, Hear No Evil (film)
760:: Right speech and right action
459:needs additional citations for
263:. During the later part of the
1473:Metaphors referring to monkeys
1102:Tom Oleson (29 October 2011).
228:
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50:The three wise monkeys at the
1:
1279:(second ed.). New York:
1275:Titelman, Gregory Y. (2000).
1163:. 28 May 2012. Archived from
153:, a common species in Japan.
1216:"Liberties;Let Dole Be Dole"
859:Glimpses of unfamiliar Japan
220:); the other is in the book
1311:Collector's picture gallery
772:, prohibition of gossip in
589:In a spoof of this saying,
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906:"Mikazaru - Google Search"
882:. Thailand. Archived from
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1259:SPEAK-NO-EVIL MONKEY ‹🙊›
1066:Xunzi - The Complete Text
931:Anderson, Isabel (1920).
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272:mizaru, kikazaru, iwazaru
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78:". The three monkeys are
66:are a Japanese pictorial
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1255:HEAR-NO-EVIL MONKEY ‹🙉›
1081:"Legend in Japanese Art"
989:Johns Hopkins University
956:. Brooke House. p.
926:in Google Books. Source:
1251:SEE-NO-EVIL MONKEY ‹🙈›
1079:Joly, Henri L. (1908).
953:The Trivia Encyclopedia
950:Worth, Fred L. (1974).
779:Manasa, vacha, karmana
570:Gandhi's Three Monkeys
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384:Meaning of the proverb
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422:Analects of Confucius
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211:Analects of Confucius
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1508:Mythological monkeys
1043:, "Vol. 312". pages
937:. Page. p. 379.
758:Noble Eightfold Path
700:SPEAK-NO-EVIL MONKEY
468:improve this article
255:origins and ancient
1488:Mammals in religion
1483:Animals in Buddhism
1407:Lesser of two evils
1321:Monkey(saru)-Kōshin
1108:Winnipeg Free Press
861:, volume 2, p. 127.
680:HEAR-NO-EVIL MONKEY
582:. In an example of
440:Cultural influences
217:非禮勿視，非禮勿聽，非禮勿言，非禮勿動
132:turning a blind eye
934:The spell of Japan
660:SEE-NO-EVIL MONKEY
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886:on 28 August 2015
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