314:. While their Boer counterparts did not join the advance, the Swazi reportedly massacred the settlement, including the women and children - whose brains were dashed against rocks. Johannes Dinkoanyane survived the assault, though, he was mortally wounded and died on 16 July 1876. His last words were reportedly: "I am going to die. I am thankful I do not die by the hands of these cowardly Boers, but by the hand of a black and courageous nation like myself..." - whereupon he instructed his brother, Sekhukhune, to study the Bible; and thereafter Johannes died.
247:
40:
417:, the native peoples apparently fled from their settlement immediately. This, however, appears not to have deterred the commando from hunting them down and murdering them all. Though some of the victims were shot by the Boers; Abel Erasmus' was also constituted of a number of allied natives at the time, who reportedly used
501:
On the night of 13 August, 1882, Sekhukhune, was assassinated by
Mampuru. Mampuru claimed that he was the rightful king and accused Sekhukhune of usurping the throne following the death of their father, Sekwati. Fearing arrest, Mampuru fled and sought refuge initially with Chief Marishane (Masemola)
354:
diamond fields, including the likes of Gunn of Gunn, Alfred
Aylward, Knapp, Woodford, Rubus, Adolf Kuhneisen, Dr. James Edward Ashton, Otto von Streitencron, George Eckersley, Bailey, Captain Reidel and others from America, Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, Austria and other European countries. In
317:
Apparently infuriated by the perceived cowardice of the Boers; the Swazi abandoned the front and returned home - and so, on 2 August 1876, Sekhukhune managed to defeat the
Transvaal army. Subsequently, the Boers retreated - notwithstanding President Burgers' appeal that he would rather be shot than
513:
When the
Pretoria Boers demanded that Nyabela surrender Mampuru for trial on charges of murder, Nyabela refused, stating that Mampuru was under his protection. This disagreement led to a war between Nyabela and the Boers, which lasted for approximately nine months. Eventually, Nyabela surrendered,
384:
had originally encountered three women, and the child was, in fact, a baby. Despite the protests of the author of the letter, Von
Schlickmann's mercenaries had opened fire immediately upon encountering the group - reportedly shooting off the head of one of the women - and thereafter kidnapping the
421:
to perpetrate the majority of the slaughter. These native allies, identified simply as 'Boer
Kaffirs' were probably Swazi forces loyal to the Boers and/or Bapedi forces loyal to chief Mampuru. One of the Boers, who had accompanied the Krugerpos commando and witnessed the massacre and kidnapping,
278:
Sekhukhune was born in 1814 to King
Sekwati and Thorometjane Phala. Originally named Matsebe (Matsebe was Sekwati's brother through their father Thulare I, in honor of his brother named his son Matsebe), he earned the nickname Sekhukhune due to his exceptional role in battles against the Boers.
359:
were instead issued with promissory notes, and each volunteer was promised to receive two thousand acres of land in
Sekhukhune's territory. The volunteers were also expected to reimburse themselves by robbing whatever they could from the natives. Probably as a consequence hereof - the
557:“… We hear this morning … of the death of one of the bravest of our former enemies, the Chief Sekhukhune… The news carries us some years back to the time when the name of Sekhukhune was a name of dread, first to the Dutch and then to the English Colonists of the Transvaal and Natal…”.
1331:"General Foreign News.; the Kafir War in South Africa. the Attack on the Transvaal Province by Secocoeni--the Government Unprepared--Apprehensions of Attack from the Zulu King Cetewayo--Fighting the Gaikas Under Sandill--the Frontier Very Restless"
521:
On 23 January, 1884, Marishane was sentenced to seven years imprisonment for providing temporary refuge to
Mampuru and inciting unrest. Following his release, Marishane returned to his village, Marishane (Mooifontein), where he later died.
325:
On 4 September 1876, President Thomas François
Burgers presented the Volksraad with a scheme to hire mercenary services in order to harry Sekhukhune's Bapedi. The Volksraad approved of the scheme and thus hired the services of the
385:
surviving two women and baby. Von Schlickmann then followed-up the execution by raiding and massacring a nearby native settlement - in all probability the same settlement where the aforesaid captives had been kidnapped from. The
234:
or Leolo Mountains, which he fortified. To strengthen his kingdom and guard against European colonization, he had his young subjects work in white mines and on farms so that their salaries could be used to buy guns from the
389:
reportedly took no prisoners - opting, instead, to slit the necks of any survivors. Conrad Von Schlickmann was killed on 17 November 1876 during a Bapedi ambush, but the Bapedi were also repulsed. The leadership of the
525:
Nyabela received a death sentence, which was later commuted to life imprisonment on 22 September, 1883. Mampuru, convicted of murder and rebellion, was executed by hanging in Pretoria prison on 22 November, 1883.
379:
kidnapped two women and a 'child' near a native settlement at Steelpoort, Conrad Von Schlickman then ordered the execution of both the women and the 'child'. According to a letter from one of the volunteers, the
422:
subsequently complained of these crimes to Sir Henry Barkly. Barkly, in turn, wrote of these allegations in protest to President Thomas François Burgers; whom he petitioned to punish the Boer war criminals.
265:
until 1881. After a return to his kingdom, he was fatally stabbed by an assassin (Mampuru II and his henchmen) in 1882, at Manoge. The assassins are presumed to have been sent by his brother and competitor,
457:
Although the British had first condemned the Transvaal war against Sekhukhune, it was continued after the annexation. In 1878 and 1879 three British attacks were successfully repelled until
481:
was signed, which stipulated in Article 23 that Sekhukhune would be released. Because his capital had been burned to the ground, he left for a place called Manoge, where he was assisted by
1390:"Bapedi Marote Mamone v Commission on Traditional Leadership Disputes and Claims and Others (40404/2008) [2012] ZAGPPHC 209; [2012] 4 All SA 544 (GNP) (21 September 2012)"
786:"Bapedi Marote Mamone v Commission on Traditional Leadership Disputes and Claims and Others (40404/2008) [2012] ZAGPPHC 209; [2012] 4 All SA 544 (GNP) (21 September 2012)"
682:"Bapedi Marote Mamone v Commission on Traditional Leadership Disputes and Claims and Others (40404/2008) [2012] ZAGPPHC 209; [2012] 4 All SA 544 (GNP) (21 September 2012)"
553:, which at the time was not known to report on the deaths of African leaders, published an article on 30 August 1882, acknowledging his resistance against the Boers and the British:
584:
Sekhukhune I had many children apart from his heir Morwamoche II, he fathered Seraki, Kgobalale, Kgwerane, Kgetjepe, Moruthane and more of others who were lost in the battle field.
310:
of Swazi warriors spearheaded an assault on a Bapedi fortified settlement, which was futilely defended by Johannes Dinkoanyane, Sekhukhune's half-brother and a Lutheran convert of
282:
Over time, the name Sekhukhune gradually replaced his birth name, Matsebe, as it became synonymous with his remarkable achievements and leadership during conflicts with the Boers.
220:
and heir apparent with the support of his Matuba regiment. Despite his victory, Sekhukhune adhered to the serota tradition and allowed Mampuru to peacefully leave the
1535:
1573:
1588:
633:
1608:
1330:
185:, more commonly known as the Bapedi (Pedi people), from 21 September 1861 until his assassination on 13 August 1882 by his rival and half-brother,
1583:
939:
458:
1506:
1242:
1040:
820:
720:
529:
Thus concluded one of the most tumultuous political and military careers in South Africa's history, marking the demise of the Marota Empire.
285:
Throughout his life, Sekhukhune's legacy remained intertwined with the Pedi history, leaving a lasting impact on their collective identity.
368:
493:, who claimed to be the lawful king. Mampuru was captured by the Boers, tried for murder and hanged in Pretoria in 21 November 1883.
338:- Conrad Von Schlickmann. Von Schlickman was reputedly closely connected with the German Establishment and had fought under Otto von
537:
After his death, Bopedi (Pedi kingdom) was divided into small powerless units conducted by the native commissioners. His grandson
570:
1618:
1603:
258:. The second war, against the British and Swazi in 1879 in what became known as the Sekhukhune Wars, was less successful.
170:
1519:
Contested Cultural Heritage in the Limpopo Province of South Africa: the case study of the Statue of King Nghunghunyani
1362:
Delius, Peter; Rüther, Kirsten (2010). "J.A. Winter – Visionary or Mercenary? A Missionary Life in Colonial Context".
1543:
409:' in October 1876 - arguably not the first time that some Boers were in breach of the anti-slavery provisions of the
713:
An Investigation into the origin and meaning of South African mountain and river names: a historico-linguistic study
708:'n Ondersoek na die oorsprong en betekenis van Suid-Afrikaanse berg- en riviername: 'n histories-taalkundige studie
299:
486:
1598:
318:
see his men desert him. Nevertheless, Burgers joined the Boer retreat to Steelpoort, where a fort was built -
254:
Sekhukhune fought two notable wars. The first war was successfully fought in 1876, against the ZAR and their
515:
507:
1429:"The Anglo-Boer South African War: Sekhukhune II goes on the offensive in the Eastern Transvaal, 1899-1902"
1209:
Cetywayo and his white neighbours ; or, remarks on recent events in Zululand, Natal, and the Transvaal
1076:
Cetywayo and his white neighbours ; or, remarks on recent events in Zululand, Natal, and the Transvaal
1059:
Cetywayo and his white neighbours ; or, remarks on recent events in Zululand, Natal, and the Transvaal
542:
482:
430:
216:, on 20 September 1861, Sekhukhune successfully defended his right to the throne against his half-brother
206:
194:
1568:
1173:"Citywayo and his white neighbours; or, remarks on. recent events in Zululand, natal, and the transvaal"
988:"Citywayo and his white neighbours; or, remarks on. recent events in Zululand, natal, and the transvaal"
906:"Citywayo and his white neighbours; or, remarks on. recent events in Zululand, natal, and the transvaal"
872:"Citywayo and his white neighbours; or, remarks on. recent events in Zululand, natal, and the transvaal"
410:
236:
433:. The Boers inability to subdue Sekhukhune and the Bapedi led to the departure of Burgers in favour of
812:
The land belongs to us: the Pedi polity, the Boers and the British in the nineteenth-century Transvaal
514:
and Mampuru was handed over to the Pretoria Boers. Marishane, Nyabela, and Mampuru faced trial in the
1593:
1578:
442:
405:
of Krugerpos, was accused for 'treacherously killing forty or fifty friendly natives, men and women,
225:
478:
343:
1079:. University of California Libraries. London : Kegan Paul, Trench, Trübner. pp. 120–121.
1613:
853:
836:
Delius, Peter; RĂĽther, Kirsten (2013). "The King, the Missionary and the Missionary's Daughter".
426:
311:
1502:
1440:
1338:
1238:
1188:
1036:
1003:
921:
887:
816:
716:
461:
defeated Sekhukhune in November 1879 with an army of 2,000 British soldiers, Boers and 10,000
339:
129:
1428:
1212:. University of California Libraries. London : Kegan Paul, Trench, TrĂĽbner. p. 121.
1062:. University of California Libraries. London : Kegan Paul, Trench, TrĂĽbner. p. 120.
1522:
1371:
1230:
1180:
1028:
995:
913:
879:
845:
562:
549:
438:
303:
228:, and Kgoloko. Sekhukhune married Legoadi IV in 1862, and lived on a mountain, now known as
1282:
1283:"'Sekukuni [sic] & Family' | Online Collection | National Army Museum, London"
465:. On 2 December 1879, Sekhukhune was captured and on 9 December 1879 he was imprisoned in
446:
351:
1389:
1156:
1091:
785:
681:
578:
202:
1413:
1107:
963:
736:
246:
39:
1562:
857:
603:
538:
414:
406:
88:
1207:
1131:
1074:
1057:
541:
in an effort to rebuild the Bapedi kingdom launched an unsuccessful war against the
462:
402:
372:
255:
190:
1375:
849:
810:
706:
1184:
999:
917:
883:
613:
434:
221:
182:
48:
1172:
987:
905:
871:
1307:"THE SEKUKUNI WARS PART II - South African Military History Society - Journal"
1224:
1022:
658:"THE SEKUKUNI WARS PART II - South African Military History Society - Journal"
608:
598:
503:
490:
319:
267:
240:
217:
186:
1444:
1342:
1306:
1258:
1234:
1192:
1032:
1007:
925:
891:
763:
657:
398:
335:
189:. As the Pedi paramount leader he was faced with political challenges from
466:
262:
17:
1226:
Life and Correspondence of Sir Bartle Frere, Bart., G.C.B., F.R.S., etc
1024:
Life and Correspondence of Sir Bartle Frere, Bart., G.C.B., F.R.S., etc
593:
574:
545:. The defeat marked the end of Pedi resistance against foreign forces.
418:
331:
213:
152:
139:
77:
1526:
1259:"South African Military History Society - Journal- THE SEKUKUNI WARS"
306:) declared war against Sekhukhune and the Bapedi. On 14 July 1876 an
181:(Matsebe; circa 1814 – 13 August 1882) was the paramount King of the
1161:. University of California. London, John Murray. pp. 176–177.
1096:. University of California. London, John Murray. pp. 176–177.
245:
489:. On 13 August 1882, Sekhukhune was murdered by his half-brother
497:
Assassination of Sekhukhune and the Decline of the Marota Empire
307:
113:
401:
were also reported on by Sir Henry Barkly. Abel Erasmus, the
58:
21 September 1861 – 13 August 1882
437:
and the British annexation of the South African Republic (
715:] (in Afrikaans). Cape Town: Tafelberg. p. 187.
577:
was named after him in 2000; the area is also known as
425:
On 16 February 1877, the Boers and Bapedi, mediated by
394:
was then taken over by Alfred Aylward, a Fenian rebel.
355:
lieu of any salary or supplies from the Volksraad, the
1414:"King Sekhukhune | South African History Online"
350:
primarily recruited from Europeans immigrants at the
224:
territory. His other known siblings were; Legolwana,
229:
166:
158:
148:
138:
128:
120:
109:
99:
95:
83:
73:
54:
46:
32:
634:"Freedom Park - Lest We Forget! - King Sekhukhune"
153:Sekwati I (Younger brother of Maripane Thobejane)
78:Sekwati I (younger brother of Maripane Thobejane)
1132:"Aylward, Alfred | Dictionary of Irish Biography"
940:"Our Story No 6: Sekhukhune, the great Pedi king"
1229:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 176–177.
1108:"King Sekhukhune | South African History Online"
964:"King Sekhukhune | South African History Online"
774:(5). The South African Military History Society.
330:, which were constituted under the command of a
1158:The life and correspondence of Sir Bartle Frere
1093:The life and correspondence of Sir Bartle Frere
555:
250:King Sekhukhune and family, between 1878-1879.
8:
1027:. Cambridge University Press. p. 176.
205:, and considerable social change caused by
1536:"King Sekhukhune I colourfully remembered"
38:
29:
1433:Southern Journal for Contemporary History
1206:Haggard, H. Rider (Henry Rider) (1896).
1073:Haggard, H. Rider (Henry Rider) (1896).
1056:Haggard, H. Rider (Henry Rider) (1896).
1461:
625:
1499:Sekhukhune: Greatest of the Pedi Kings
7:
1179:. s6-VI (157): 124–132. 1882-12-30.
994:. s6-VI (157): 547–548. 1882-12-30.
912:. s6-VI (157): 547–548. 1882-12-30.
878:. s6-VI (157): 118–119. 1882-12-30.
375:reported with horror how, after the
1574:1870s in the South African Republic
838:Journal of Southern African Studies
212:Following the death of his father,
1534:Motseo, Thapelo (22 August 2018).
445:, secretary for native affairs of
25:
1589:African resistance to colonialism
300:President Thomas François Burgers
193:(Boer settlers), the independent
1364:South African Historical Journal
571:Sekhukhune District Municipality
1609:People of the Sekukuni Campaign
1517:Mabale, Dolphin (18 May 2017).
815:. Heinemann. pp. 251–252.
302:of the South African Republic (
1584:19th-century murdered monarchs
1223:Martineau, John (2012-06-14).
1021:Martineau, John (2012-06-14).
413:. Upon sight of Abel Erasmus'
1:
407:and carrying off the children
1376:10.1080/02582473.2010.493005
850:10.1080/03057070.2013.824769
741:South African History Online
171:African Traditional Religion
1521:(MA). University of Venda.
429:, signed a peace treaty at
261:Sekhukhune was detained in
199:Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek
1635:
762:Kinsey, H.W. (June 1973).
705:Du Plessis, E. J. (1973).
1185:10.1093/nq/s6-vi.157.547d
1000:10.1093/nq/s6-vi.157.547d
918:10.1093/nq/s6-vi.157.547d
884:10.1093/nq/s6-vi.157.547d
487:Berlin Missionary Society
392:Lydenburg Volunteer Corps
387:Lydenburg Volunteer Corps
382:Lydenburg Volunteer Corps
377:Lydenburg Volunteer Corps
364:were notoriously brutal.
362:Lydenburg Volunteer Corps
357:Lydenburg Volunteer Corps
348:Lydenburg Volunteer Corps
328:Lydenburg Volunteer Corps
37:
1235:10.1017/cbo9781139343954
1155:Martineau, John (1895).
1090:Martineau, John (1895).
1033:10.1017/cbo9781139343954
768:Military History Journal
485:, a missionary from the
443:Sir Theophilus Shepstone
371:dated 18 December 1876;
243:, as well as livestock.
1501:. Heritage Publishers.
1497:Gemmell, David (2014).
1427:Malunga, Felix (2000).
230:
1619:South African Republic
809:Delius, Peter (1984).
567:
543:South African Republic
516:Pretoria Supreme Court
483:Johannes August Winter
477:On 3 August 1881, the
441:) on 12 April 1877 by
251:
207:Christian missionaries
195:South African Republic
1604:Northern Sotho people
1540:sekhukhunetimes.co.za
1480:historically spelled
1311:samilitaryhistory.org
1263:samilitaryhistory.org
662:samilitaryhistory.org
638:www.freedompark.co.za
453:Second Sekhukhune War
411:Sand River Convention
249:
1287:collection.nam.ac.uk
1112:www.sahistory.org.za
968:www.sahistory.org.za
294:First Sekhukhune War
226:Johannes Dinkwanyane
87:Kgoloko (regent for
764:"The Sekukuni Wars"
479:Pretoria Convention
459:Sir Garnet Wolseley
344:Franco-Prussian War
1468:sometimes spelled
1335:The New York Times
743:. 13 February 2018
506:, the king of the
427:Alexander Merensky
397:Simultaneous Boer
334:ex-soldier turned
312:Alexander Merensky
252:
162:Thorometjane Phala
27:King of the Bapedi
1508:978-0-992-22883-5
1244:978-1-108-05185-9
1177:Notes and Queries
1042:978-1-108-05185-9
992:Notes and Queries
910:Notes and Queries
876:Notes and Queries
822:978-0-435-94050-8
737:"King Sekhukhune"
722:978-0-624-00273-4
367:In a despatch to
176:
175:
16:(Redirected from
1626:
1555:
1553:
1551:
1542:. Archived from
1530:
1512:
1484:
1478:
1472:
1466:
1449:
1448:
1424:
1418:
1417:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1400:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1349:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1317:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1293:
1279:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1269:
1255:
1249:
1248:
1220:
1214:
1213:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1169:
1163:
1162:
1152:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1142:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1119:
1118:
1104:
1098:
1097:
1087:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1018:
1012:
1011:
984:
978:
977:
975:
974:
960:
954:
953:
951:
950:
936:
930:
929:
902:
896:
895:
868:
862:
861:
833:
827:
826:
806:
800:
799:
797:
796:
782:
776:
775:
759:
753:
752:
750:
748:
733:
727:
726:
702:
696:
695:
693:
692:
678:
672:
671:
669:
668:
654:
648:
647:
645:
644:
630:
575:Limpopo Province
565:
563:The London Times
550:The London Times
373:Sir Henry Barkly
298:On 16 May 1876,
233:
115:
69:
67:
63:
42:
30:
21:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1624:
1623:
1599:Bapedi monarchy
1559:
1558:
1549:
1547:
1546:on 6 March 2019
1533:
1516:
1509:
1496:
1493:
1491:Further reading
1488:
1487:
1479:
1475:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1452:
1426:
1425:
1421:
1412:
1411:
1407:
1398:
1396:
1388:
1387:
1383:
1361:
1360:
1356:
1347:
1345:
1329:
1328:
1324:
1315:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1300:
1291:
1289:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1267:
1265:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1245:
1222:
1221:
1217:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1154:
1153:
1149:
1140:
1138:
1130:
1129:
1125:
1116:
1114:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1089:
1088:
1084:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1055:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1020:
1019:
1015:
986:
985:
981:
972:
970:
962:
961:
957:
948:
946:
938:
937:
933:
904:
903:
899:
870:
869:
865:
835:
834:
830:
823:
808:
807:
803:
794:
792:
784:
783:
779:
761:
760:
756:
746:
744:
735:
734:
730:
723:
704:
703:
699:
690:
688:
680:
679:
675:
666:
664:
656:
655:
651:
642:
640:
632:
631:
627:
622:
590:
566:
561:
535:
502:and later with
499:
475:
455:
352:Griqualand West
296:
291:
289:Sekhukhune Wars
276:
104:
65:
61:
59:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1632:
1630:
1622:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1531:
1514:
1507:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1485:
1473:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1450:
1419:
1405:
1394:www.saflii.org
1381:
1354:
1337:. 1878-04-12.
1322:
1298:
1274:
1250:
1243:
1215:
1198:
1164:
1147:
1123:
1099:
1082:
1065:
1048:
1041:
1013:
979:
955:
931:
897:
863:
844:(3): 597–614.
828:
821:
801:
790:www.saflii.org
777:
754:
728:
721:
697:
686:www.saflii.org
673:
649:
624:
623:
621:
618:
617:
616:
611:
606:
601:
596:
589:
586:
579:Sekhukhuneland
559:
534:
531:
498:
495:
474:
471:
454:
451:
369:Lord Carnarvon
295:
292:
290:
287:
275:
272:
203:British Empire
174:
173:
168:
164:
163:
160:
156:
155:
150:
146:
145:
142:
136:
135:
134:Morwamotshe II
132:
126:
125:
122:
118:
117:
116:(aged 68)
114:13 August 1882
111:
107:
106:
105:1814-August-13
101:
97:
96:
93:
92:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
56:
52:
51:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1631:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1515:
1510:
1504:
1500:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1465:
1462:
1455:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1358:
1355:
1344:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1326:
1323:
1312:
1308:
1302:
1299:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1275:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1251:
1246:
1240:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1210:
1202:
1199:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1165:
1160:
1159:
1151:
1148:
1137:
1133:
1127:
1124:
1113:
1109:
1103:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1086:
1083:
1078:
1077:
1069:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1052:
1049:
1044:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
983:
980:
969:
965:
959:
956:
945:
941:
935:
932:
927:
923:
919:
915:
911:
907:
901:
898:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
867:
864:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
832:
829:
824:
818:
814:
813:
805:
802:
791:
787:
781:
778:
773:
769:
765:
758:
755:
742:
738:
732:
729:
724:
718:
714:
710:
709:
701:
698:
687:
683:
677:
674:
663:
659:
653:
650:
639:
635:
629:
626:
619:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
604:Sekhukhune II
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
587:
585:
582:
580:
576:
572:
564:
558:
554:
552:
551:
546:
544:
540:
539:Sekhukhune II
532:
530:
527:
523:
519:
517:
511:
509:
505:
496:
494:
492:
488:
484:
480:
472:
470:
468:
464:
460:
452:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
423:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
388:
383:
378:
374:
370:
365:
363:
358:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
323:
321:
315:
313:
309:
305:
301:
293:
288:
286:
283:
280:
273:
271:
269:
264:
259:
257:
248:
244:
242:
238:
232:
227:
223:
219:
215:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
172:
169:
165:
161:
157:
154:
151:
147:
143:
141:
137:
133:
131:
127:
123:
119:
112:
108:
102:
98:
94:
90:
89:Sekhukhune II
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
57:
53:
50:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
1569:1810s births
1548:. Retrieved
1544:the original
1539:
1518:
1498:
1481:
1476:
1469:
1464:
1439:(2): 57–78.
1436:
1432:
1422:
1408:
1397:. Retrieved
1393:
1384:
1367:
1363:
1357:
1346:. Retrieved
1334:
1325:
1314:. Retrieved
1310:
1301:
1290:. Retrieved
1286:
1277:
1266:. Retrieved
1262:
1253:
1225:
1218:
1208:
1201:
1176:
1167:
1157:
1150:
1139:. Retrieved
1135:
1126:
1115:. Retrieved
1111:
1102:
1092:
1085:
1075:
1068:
1058:
1051:
1023:
1016:
991:
982:
971:. Retrieved
967:
958:
947:. Retrieved
943:
934:
909:
900:
875:
866:
841:
837:
831:
811:
804:
793:. Retrieved
789:
780:
771:
767:
757:
745:. Retrieved
740:
731:
712:
707:
700:
689:. Retrieved
685:
676:
665:. Retrieved
661:
652:
641:. Retrieved
637:
628:
583:
568:
556:
548:
547:
536:
528:
524:
520:
512:
500:
476:
456:
424:
403:field-cornet
396:
391:
386:
381:
376:
366:
361:
356:
347:
327:
324:
316:
297:
284:
281:
277:
260:
256:Swazi allies
253:
214:King Sekwati
211:
198:
191:Voortrekkers
179:Sekhukhune I
178:
177:
47:King of the
33:Sekhukhune I
1594:Fratricides
1579:1882 deaths
614:Pedi people
435:Paul Kruger
241:Delagoa Bay
231:Thaba Leolo
74:Predecessor
1563:Categories
1399:2020-08-12
1370:(2): 312.
1348:2020-08-23
1316:2020-08-12
1292:2020-08-12
1268:2020-08-12
1141:2022-10-10
1136:www.dib.ie
1117:2022-10-10
973:2022-10-10
949:2023-07-26
795:2020-08-08
691:2020-09-04
667:2020-09-04
643:2023-07-26
620:References
599:Mampuru II
491:Mampuru II
431:Botshabelo
399:war crimes
274:Early life
268:Mampuru II
237:Portuguese
218:Mampuru II
187:Mampuru II
124:Legoadi IV
66:1882-08-13
62:1861-09-21
1614:Transvaal
1527:11602/692
1482:Secocoeni
1456:Footnotes
1445:2415-0509
1343:0362-4331
1193:1471-6941
1008:1471-6941
926:1471-6941
892:1471-6941
858:143487212
473:Aftermath
439:Transvaal
336:mercenary
320:Krugerpos
304:Transvaal
84:Successor
1470:Sekukuni
588:See also
560:—
467:Pretoria
419:assegais
415:commando
340:Bismarck
332:Prussian
263:Pretoria
197:(Dutch:
167:Religion
144:Maroteng
64: –
18:Sekukuni
1550:4 March
747:4 March
609:Nyabela
594:Sekwati
508:Ndebele
504:Nyabela
342:in the
201:), the
103:Matsebe
60: (
49:Bapedi
1505:
1443:
1341:
1241:
1191:
1039:
1006:
944:News24
924:
890:
856:
819:
719:
533:Legacy
463:Swazis
346:. The
222:Bapedi
183:Marota
159:Mother
149:Father
121:Spouse
854:S2CID
711:[
447:Natal
140:House
130:Issue
55:Reign
1552:2019
1503:ISBN
1441:ISSN
1339:ISSN
1239:ISBN
1189:ISSN
1037:ISBN
1004:ISSN
922:ISSN
888:ISSN
817:ISBN
749:2019
717:ISBN
569:The
308:impi
110:Died
100:Born
1523:hdl
1372:doi
1231:doi
1181:doi
1029:doi
996:doi
914:doi
880:doi
846:doi
573:in
239:in
1565::
1538:.
1437:25
1435:.
1431:.
1392:.
1368:62
1366:.
1333:.
1309:.
1285:.
1261:.
1237:.
1187:.
1175:.
1134:.
1110:.
1035:.
1002:.
990:.
966:.
942:.
920:.
908:.
886:.
874:.
852:.
842:39
840:.
788:.
770:.
766:.
739:.
684:.
660:.
636:.
581:.
518:.
510:.
469:.
449:.
322:.
270:.
209:.
1554:.
1529:.
1525::
1513:.
1511:.
1447:.
1416:.
1402:.
1378:.
1374::
1351:.
1319:.
1295:.
1271:.
1247:.
1233::
1195:.
1183::
1144:.
1120:.
1045:.
1031::
1010:.
998::
976:.
952:.
928:.
916::
894:.
882::
860:.
848::
825:.
798:.
772:2
751:.
725:.
694:.
670:.
646:.
91:)
68:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
