369:. Kim Mi-Ryoung (2013) notes that these sound shifts still show variations among different speakers, suggesting that the transition is still ongoing. Cho Sung-hye (2017) examined 141 Seoul dialect speakers, and concluded that these pitch changes were originally initiated by females born in the 1950s, and has almost reached completion in the speech of those born in the 1990s. On the other hand, Choi Ji-youn et al. (2020) disagree with the suggestion that the consonant distinction shifting away from voice onset time is due to the introduction of tonal features, and instead proposes that it is a
459:) can have influence from both regions, due to contact with people from both regions through fishing and trade. However, due to the division of Korea and the mass migration of people from southern provinces during and after the 1970s, this regional difference is now almost nonexistent among most modern day Gyeonggi locals and is only noticeable in the speech of elderly locals of Gyeonggi, with traces of this being displayed among some middle aged Gyeonggi locals (especially those from rural backgrounds or whose families originally came from
583:
393:
The general form can be found in speeches by nearly all broadcast news anchors these days. This variation may lie in between the conservative and the modified forms. This accent may be used for recordings of Korean language listening comprehension tests to high school students and is considered to be
401:
This variation has emerged in public since the early 1990s. Even a few young broadcast news anchors may speak with some features of this accent nowadays, especially when they present in entertainment programs rather than radio news. The most notable characteristic of this form is that the pitch goes
272:
More recently, Gyeonggi dialect has seen increased use in online contexts, in turn leading to the majority of young
Koreans' use of the dialect, regardless of their regional affiliation. The prolific use of online communication channels is expected to lead to a wider adoption of Gyeonggi dialect, in
668:
Even some persons, living in Seoul or its suburbs, of those social classes (including South Korean high-rank officials or police commissioners, politicians, and so on) may have local accents, because there had been a huge domestic migration into Seoul throughout South Korean modern history. A good
381:
The Seoul accent can be divided into three variations: conservative, general, and modified. The conservative form is often found in those who have been born or have lived in Seoul before the industrialization in the 1970s (i.e. old natives of Seoul). To some people, this can slightly sound like a
397:
The last variation is usually spoken by younger generations (including teenagers) and lower-class middle-aged people in the Seoul
Metropolitan Area. Some middle and upper-class people in Seoul may speak with this accent due to lack of 'rigid' lingual education policies.
430:), influence from the Hwanghae/Pyongan dialect can be displayed in the pronunciation of 겠(kes) as 갔(kas) or the use of vocabulary like 무유(muyu, radish) and 켠(kyun, corner/side) instead of 무(mu) and 편(pyeon). Meanwhile, southern Gyeonggi locals (such as in
394:
the standard/formal South Korean accent. Hence, news anchors and reporters who have mastered this dialect for their profession are considered to be South Korea's most grammatically/linguistically accurate, precise, and eloquent citizens.
442:
of the
Chungcheong dialect in words like 고기(gogi) and 옮기다(olmgida), which become 괴기(gwaegi) and 욂기다(oelmkida) or the use of vocabulary like 졸(jol) and 바우(bau) for 부추(buchu) and 바위(bawi). Coastal regions (most notably in
289:
are merged for young speakers and vowel length is not distinguished consistently, if at all. Among young speakers or in informal contexts, the postpositions
547:
Kim, Mi-Ryoung (2013). "Tonogenesis in contemporary Korean with special reference to the onset-tone interaction and the loss of a consonant opposition".
700:
865:
845:
353:
A 2013 study by Kang Yoon-jung and Han Sung-woo, which compared voice recordings of Seoul speech from 1935 and 2005, found that in recent years,
860:
386:. Older broadcast recordings (especially those from the 1980s at least) can also be typical examples of this accent. The accent used in the
814:
840:
501:
520:
Kang, Yoonjung; Han, Sungwoo (September 2013). "Tonogenesis in early
Contemporary Seoul Korean: A longitudinal case study".
693:
346:(-냐?). They also use unique intonations slightly different from those used by broadcast news readers. The informal ending
855:
242:
69:
466:
One linguistic difference between northern and southern
Gyeonggi that still exists today is the shortening of '거야' (
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241:, as well as the basis of the standardized form of the language in the country. It is mainly concentrated in the
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Traditionally, there was some variation in the speech of
Gyeonggi locals from north and south of the
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accents find offensive or irritating. The pitch-up feature is due to influence by migrants from the
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438:) were displayed to have some influence from the Chungcheong/Yeongseo dialects by following the
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North Korean accent. Good examples can be found in speeches of a Seoul-born famous singer,
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829:
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390:, a government-made film-based news media, may be a humorous version of this accent.
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to that of pitch change, and suggests that the Seoul dialect is currently undergoing
673:, who stuck to his own Gyeongsang accent rather than converting to the Seoul accent.
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350:(-어) is also used quite commonly in both Seoul dialect questions and sentences.
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335:(삼춘), as are some other words spelt with 'ㅗ' in standard Korean (사돈-사둔, 정도-정두)
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17:
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361:(ㅍㅊㅌㅋ) and fortis consonants (ㅃㅉㄸㄲ) were shifting from a distinction via
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301:(-고, "and then") and their derivatives tend to be pronounced with
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up at the end of a sentence, which many people who speak with
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Choi, Jiyoun; Kim, Sahyang; Cho, Taehong (October 22, 2020).
584:"Development of pitch contrast and Seoul Korean intonation"
790:
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478:). This feature is prevalent in the South, around
549:The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America
410:region into Seoul during the industrialization.
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8:
593:. University of Pennsylvania. Archived from
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472:a suffix used for emphasis or in a question
325:(-여) on the Internet in informal contexts.
701:
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29:
669:example can be found in former president
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338:Young Seoul dialect speakers tend to end
27:Prestige dialect of Korean in South Korea
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331:(삼촌, "uncle") is usually pronounced as
434:, which historically was once part of
422:. In Northern regions, especially in
313:(-구). The sentence-final verb ending
273:lieu of distinct, regional dialects.
133:
7:
321:, which is sometimes transcribed as
25:
257:. It is also spoken in parts of
371:prosodically conditioned change
866:Korean language in South Korea
846:Korean language in North Korea
502:South Korean standard language
317:tends to be pronounced with a
225:
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1:
861:Culture of Gyeonggi Province
637:10.1371/journal.pone.0240682
534:10.1016/j.lingua.2013.06.002
243:Seoul National Capital Area
70:Seoul National Capital Area
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582:Cho, Sunghye (Jan 2017).
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841:Languages of South Korea
414:Geographic subdivisions
340:interrogative sentences
265:, as well as among the
455:and southern areas of
146:South Gyeonggi dialect
143:North Gyeonggi dialect
597:on October 29, 2020.
436:Chungcheong Province
377:Variations in accent
359:aspirated consonants
627:2020PLoSO..1540682C
561:2013ASAJ..133.3570K
856:Culture of Incheon
497:Dialects of Korean
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822:
569:10.1121/1.4806535
461:Gyeonggi Province
342:(questions) with
255:Gyeonggi Province
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140:Old Seoul dialect
82:Gyeonggi Province
16:(Redirected from
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355:lenis consonants
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149:Yeongseo dialect
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45:경기 방언/서울 사투리/서울말
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198:ko-u-sd-kr11
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729:Chungcheong
474:), to '거' (
388:Daehan News
367:tonogenesis
259:North Korea
239:South Korea
226:서울 사투리; 서울말
213::
60:North Korea
56:South Korea
830:Categories
747:Gyeongsang
508:References
432:Pyeongtaek
404:Gyeongsang
384:Lee Mun-se
803:Koryo-mar
777:P'yŏng'an
738:Yeongdong
528:: 62–74.
420:Han River
309:(-루) and
229:) of the
178:Glottolog
166:ISO 639-3
809:Zainichi
805:(Russia)
791:Diaspora
762:Hwanghae
757:Hamgyŏng
752:Gyeonggi
741:Yeongseo
656:33091043
614:PLOS ONE
486:See also
424:Kaeseong
357:(ㅂㅈㄷㄱ),
185:seou1239
135:Dialects
122:Gyeonggi
107:Koreanic
90:Yeongseo
33:Gyeonggi
811:(Japan)
647:7580931
622:Bibcode
557:Bibcode
449:Siheung
445:Incheon
333:samchun
329:Samchon
263:Kaesong
251:Incheon
233:is the
117:Central
86:Kaesong
78:Incheon
782:Yukjin
772:Jeolla
654:
644:
522:Lingua
440:umlaut
408:Jeolla
305:(-두),
253:, and
211:Korean
112:Korean
66:Region
798:China
721:Korea
587:(PDF)
480:Suwon
468:geoya
453:Gimpo
344:-nya?
319:schwa
247:Seoul
219:) or
216:경기 방언
74:Seoul
38:Seoul
767:Jeju
652:PMID
426:and
323:-yeo
285:and
205:The
193:IETF
80:and
642:PMC
632:doi
565:doi
553:133
530:doi
526:134
476:geo
463:).
348:-eo
315:-yo
311:-gu
307:-ru
303:-du
299:-go
295:-ro
291:-do
269:.
237:in
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