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by impairing processing efficiency. There are three functions associated with this theory. The inhibition function prevents stimuli unrelated to a task and responses from disrupting performance. The shifting function is used to allocate attention to the stimuli that are most relevant to the task. The updating function is used to update and monitor information in working memory. There are three main hypotheses associated with attentional control theory. First, the efficiency of the central executive is impaired by anxiety. Second, anxiety impairs the inhibition function, and third, anxiety impairs the shifting function. Studies related to attentional control and performance take two differing approaches. Specifically, research on attentional capture has two modes: voluntary and reflexive. The voluntary mode is a top down approach where attention is shifted according to high-level cognitive processes. The reflexive mode is a bottom up approach where attention shifts involuntarily based on a stimulus's attention attracting properties. These modes are important to understanding how attentional control works.
250:, and attention difficulties following a stroke. Individuals respond quicker and have stronger overall executive control when they have low levels of anxiety and depression. Weak attentional control is also thought to increase chances of developing a psychopathological condition, as these individuals have disrupted threat processing and magnified emotional responses to threat. More researchers are accounting for attentional control in studies that might not necessarily focus on attention by having participants fill out an Attentional Control Scale (ACS) or a Cognitive Attentional Syndrome-1 (CAS1), both of which are self-reporting questionnaires that measure attentional focus and shifting. Researchers suggest that people should use experimental and longitudinal designs to address the relationship between ACS, emotional functioning, CAS, and attention to threat. This is due to the increasing problematic occurrences experts are seeing in the field regarding attentional control in relation to other mental illnesses.
117:(fMRI). While some research designs focus specifically on one aspect of attention (such as executive control), others experiments view several areas, which examine interactions between the alerting, orienting, and executive control networks. More recently, the Attention Network Test (ANT), designed by Fan and Posner, has been used to obtain efficiency measures of the three networks, and allow their relationships to be examined. It was designed as a behavioural task simple enough to obtain data from children, patients, and animals. The task requires participants to quickly respond to cues given on a computer screen, while having their attention fixated on a center target.
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area in the brain responsible for exchanging information between gray matter areas. Gray matter tissue in the central nervous system enables individuals to interact with the world and carry out highly skilled functions. Studies reveal that individuals who engage in physical activity increase the cortical volume of gray matter later in life, preventing age-related atrophy and promoting attentional control. However, because most individuals' brains undergo pathological changes after the age of 80 or develop cardiac disease, neuron loss occurs and the brain volume decreases.
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object detection. These tasks were done before and after an 8-week mindfulness based stress reduction course (MBSR), and were compared to a control group. There were no significant differences between the groups, meaning that the MBSR course did not affect attentional control. However, an active randomized controlled trial showed that a mobile-based mindfulness app with extensive self-assessment features may have long-term benefits for attentional control in healthy participants. Mindfulness influences non-directed attention and other things like emotional well-being.
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non-object based things like motion. When directing attention to a feature like motion, neuronal activity increases in areas specific for the feature. When visually searching for a non-spatial feature or a perceptual feature, selectively enhancing the sensitivity to that specific feature plays a role in directing attention. When people are told to look for motion, then motion will capture their attention, but attention is not captured by motion if they are told to look for color.
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groups---low and high span attentional control ability groups. They listened to two word lists read simultaneously by a male and a female voice and were told to ignore the male voice. Their name was read by the "ignored" male voice. Low span people were more likely to hear their name compared to high span people. This result suggests that people with lower attentional control ability have more trouble inhibiting information from the surrounding environment.
39:
31:
357:. Working memory capacity has been studied to understand how memory functions. The ability to predict the effectiveness of someone's working memory capacity comes from attentional control mechanisms. These mechanisms help with the regulation of goals, behavior, and outside distractions, which are all important for effective learning.
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interference can cause such cognitive processes to decrease. In recent years, attentional control therapies have been used to improve attentional control in patients who suffer from PTSD. More recently, yoga and meditation were found to positivity affect attentional control in patients who have experienced PTSD.
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A major contributor to age-related decreased attentional control includes the weight of the brain. Several studies conclude that the brain experiences rapid weight loss after the age of 60. This loss of brain weight results from a decrease in cerebral white matter and gray matter. White matter is the
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thought that it was functionally silent during the first year of life. Similarly, early research suggested that infants aged one year or younger are completely passive in the allocation of their attention, and have no capacity to choose what they pay attention to and what they ignore. This is shown,
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meditation training can significantly improve visuo-spatial processing, working memory and executive functioning. However, research has shown mixed results surrounding whether mindfulness effects attentional control directly. Participants did tasks of sustained attention, inhibition, switching, and
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Attentional control theory focuses on anxiety and cognitive performance. The assumption of this theory is that the effects of anxiety on attentional control are key to understanding the relationship between anxiety and performance. In general, anxiety inhibits attentional control on a specific task
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to override their current focus. This interference can be caused by many different factors, but it is most commonly triggered by emotional cues, particularly the emotion of fear. Attention is considered a gateway function to advanced cognitive processes such as memory and learning, and attentional
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Some studies of aging and cognition focus on working memory processes and declines in attentional control. One study used fMRI measures during a Stroop task comparing neural activity of attentional control in younger (21–27 years) and older participants (60–75 years). Conditions included increased
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Attention problems are also characteristic of anxiety disorders like PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress
Disorder). A recent review revealed that 61.2% of current studies found that participants who experienced PTSD suffered from significant attentional control problems. These problems caused by PTSD can
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mature, children's capacity to exercise attentional control increases, although attentional control abilities remain much poorer in children than they do in adults. Some children show impaired development of attentional control abilities, thought to arise from the relatively slower development of
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operates mainly on three different representations: location , feature, and object-based. The spatial separation between two objects has an effect on attention. People can selectively pay attention to one of two objects in the same general location. Research has also been done on attention to
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competition and increased conflict. Results showed evidence of decreases in responsiveness in brain areas associated with attentional control for the older group. This result suggests that older people may have decreases in their ability to utilize attentional control in their everyday lives.
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approaches to development, particular importance has been attached to attentional control, since it is thought to be a domain-general process that may influence the subsequent acquisition of other skills in other areas. The ability to regulate and direct attention releases the child from the
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is the phenomenon that a person hears his or her name even when not attending to the conversation. To study this, a screening measure for attentional control was given that tested a person's ability to keep track of words while also doing math problems. Participants were separated into two
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lead to the development of an attentional bias, which causes a person to process emotionally negative information preferentially over emotionally positive information. Patients who suffer from PTSD commonly struggle to concentrate on certain tasks for longer periods of time, allowing
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findings show changes in brain activity correlated with the shift in spatial attention to the various stimuli. Behavioral studies have also shown that when a person knows where a stimulus is likely to appear, their attention can shift to it more rapidly and process it better.
105:), orientation (information from sensory input), and executive control (resolving conflict). These three networks have been studied using experimental designs involving adults, children, and monkeys, with and without abnormalities of attention. Research designs include the
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studies of the brain and behavioral observations, visual attention can be moved independently of moving eye position. Studies have had participants fixate their eyes on a central point and measured brain activity as stimuli were presented outside the visual
230:(ADHD), "a disorder with persistent age-inappropriate symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that are sufficient to cause impairment in major life activities". Low attentional control is also common in individuals with
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Miyake, A.; Priedman, N.; Emerson, M.; Witzki, A.; Howerter, A. (2000). "The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "frontal lobe" tasks: A latent variable analysis".
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target. Other research has suggested, however, that even very young infants do have some capacity to exercise control over their allocation of attention, albeit in a much more limited sense.
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Studies have shown that there is a high probability that those with low attentional control also experience other mental conditions. Low attentional control is more common among those with
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Disrupted attentional control has been noted not just in the early development of conditions for which the core deficit is related to attention such as ADHD, but also in conditions such as
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approaches, cognitive systems interact over developmental time as certain cognitive faculties are required for the subsequent acquisition of other faculties in other areas.
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faculties develop separately according to genetically predetermined maturational timetables. Prominent authors who take a modular approach to cognitive development include
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constraints of only responding to environmental events, and means they are able to actively guide their attention towards the information-rich areas key for
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for example, in the phenomenon of 'sticky fixation', whereby infants are incapable of disengaging their attention from a particularly
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199:. Several groups have also reported impaired attentional control early in development in children from lower
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appear to be disrupted across so many different disorder groups remains, however, poorly understood.
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approaches to cognitive development. According to these approaches, which are known as
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1091:
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1001:
991:
843:
763:
753:
228:attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
484:
46:, ignoring the other people around them
2899:10.1146/annurev.neuro.26.041002.131039
2166:Personality and Individual Differences
1816:Personality and Individual Differences
1043:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.02.006
592:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2010.12.001
2332:Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy
1839:
1837:
1191:
1189:
329:have instead advocated taking a more
317:. In contrast, other authors such as
7:
2492:Journal of Cognition and Development
1325:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.03.034
34:A person concentrating on their work
549:10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325
115:functional magnetic resonance image
3090:Journal of Experimental Psychology
2978:Journal of Experimental Psychology
2768:Baldauf D, Desimone R (Mar 2014).
2623:Robinson-Riegler, Bridget (2011).
1371:Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics
669:"Disgust, Morality, and Attention"
667:Markman, Art (11 September 2012).
301:-like process, according to which
25:
3017:Psychonomic Bulletin & Review
1647:Durham, N.C. (24 February 2000).
1590:Journal of Educational Psychology
869:Infant Behavior & Development
695:Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
626:Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience
73:areas of the brain including the
3069:Neuroscience Exploring the Brain
2543:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2008.01250.x
2468:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2010.01013.x
2428:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2007.00567.x
1850:Journal of Neuroscience Research
1440:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.02051.x
1172:10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01615.x
1967:10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.05.009
1508:Infant Behavior and Development
2856:10.1146/annurev.psych.48.1.269
2208:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.629
1080:Archives of General Psychiatry
836:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.337
742:Behavioral and Brain Functions
53:, colloquially referred to as
1:
3058:The Neuroscience of Attention
2829:The Neuroscience of Attention
1919:10.1016/j.janxdis.2013.10.001
1555:10.1016/S0010-9452(08)70497-0
943:10.1016/s0065-2407(06)80010-8
789:Developmental Neuropsychology
537:Annual Review of Neuroscience
2669:10.1016/j.neuron.2008.09.010
2574:McVay, J.; Kane, M. (2009).
2294:10.1016/j.concog.2010.03.014
1907:Journal of Anxiety Disorders
1520:10.1016/j.infbeh.2007.12.003
1214:10.1016/j.suronc.2009.11.011
881:10.1016/0163-6383(93)80001-o
93:General overview of research
2282:Consciousness and Cognition
896:Developmental Psychobiology
824:Annual Review of Psychology
499:Developmental Psychobiology
409:affect spatial focusing of
222:Relevance to mental illness
3615:
3056:Mangun, George R. (2012).
2938:10.1037/0096-1523.20.2.317
2827:Mangun, George R. (2012).
2178:10.1016/j.paid.2010.08.019
1828:10.1016/j.paid.2012.03.017
707:10.1162/089892902317361886
638:10.1162/089892902317361886
381:
378:Spatial focus of attention
361:Visual attentional control
124:
77:, attentional control and
2504:10.1080/15248370802022696
2251:10.1017/S0033291709991747
2081:10.1037/1528-3542.7.2.336
2024:10.1186/s12888-018-1650-x
1485:10.1111/1467-6494.7106009
1093:10.1001/archpsyc.63.5.540
801:10.1207/s15326942dn3101_2
365:Our brains have distinct
344:Amongst authors who take
75:anterior cingulate cortex
3599:Mindfulness (psychology)
2797:10.1126/science.1247003
2737:10.1126/science.1171402
1768:Behavioral Neuroscience
993:10.1073/pnas.0402680101
319:Annette Karmiloff-Smith
3594:Cognitive neuroscience
3551:Video editing software
3525:Post-classical editing
2239:Psychological Medicine
2135:10.1006/cogp.1999.0734
1954:Experimental Neurology
1473:Journal of Personality
1129:10.1006/brcg.2001.1501
384:Object based attention
47:
35:
3520:Soviet montage theory
2455:Developmental Science
2416:Developmental Science
2412:"Neuroconstructivism"
1312:Neurobiology of Aging
908:10.1002/dev.420280504
755:10.1186/1744-9081-4-9
452:Executive dysfunction
447:Dysexecutive syndrome
442:Delayed gratification
423:cocktail party effect
41:
33:
3540:Linear video editing
2113:Cognitive Psychology
355:language acquisition
201:socioeconomic status
175:Abnormal development
79:attentional shifting
3177:Attentional control
2887:Annu. Rev. Neurosci
2788:2014Sci...344..424B
2729:2009Sci...324.1207G
2723:(5931): 1207–1210.
2449:Scerif, G. (2010).
457:Executive functions
346:neuroconstructivist
339:neuroconstructivist
236:Alzheimer's disease
216:executive functions
208:executive functions
83:executive functions
51:Attentional control
18:Selective attention
3545:Non-linear editing
3515:Continuity editing
3030:10.3758/bf03196169
2844:Annu. Rev. Psychol
2365:JMIR Mental Health
2196:Annu. Rev. Psychol
1249:Brain and Behavior
417:Auditory alertness
281:Even four days of
256:intrusive thoughts
48:
36:
3581:
3580:
3566:Real-time editing
3530:In-camera editing
3467:Establishing shot
3378:Shot/reverse shot
3356:
3355:
3223:Multiple exposure
2782:(6182): 424–427.
2634:978-0-205-05006-2
2531:Child Development
1960:(Pt B): 153–167.
1863:10.1002/jnr.25177
1383:10.1586/ern.11.39
1261:10.1002/brb3.1407
1202:Surgical Oncology
1037:(11): 2037–2078.
986:(21): 8174–8179.
511:10.1002/dev.20350
462:Flow (psychology)
335:dynamical systems
197:Williams syndrome
16:(Redirected from
3606:
3244:
3228:Optical illusion
3146:
3139:
3132:
3123:
3113:
3102:10.1037/a0024669
3096:(5): 1643–1648.
3084:
3072:
3061:
3043:
3042:
3032:
3008:
3002:
3001:
2990:10.1037/a0024669
2984:(5): 1643–1648.
2973:
2967:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2839:
2833:
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2799:
2765:
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2700:
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2592:10.1037/a0014104
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2356:
2350:
2349:
2347:
2323:
2314:
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2277:
2271:
2270:
2245:(8): 1239–1252.
2234:
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2191:
2182:
2181:
2161:
2155:
2154:
2128:
2107:
2101:
2100:
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2044:
2026:
2002:
1996:
1995:
1969:
1945:
1939:
1938:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1865:
1856:(7): 1068–1085.
1841:
1832:
1831:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1791:
1780:10.1037/a0026227
1759:
1753:
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1731:10.1037/a0029932
1710:
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1687:10.1037/a0022058
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1644:
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1602:10.1037/a0016738
1581:
1575:
1574:
1538:
1532:
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1503:
1497:
1496:
1479:(6): 1113–1143.
1468:
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1394:
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1054:
1031:Neuropsychologia
1022:
1016:
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690:
684:
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681:
679:
673:Ulterior Motives
664:
658:
657:
621:
612:
611:
586:(6): 1435–1445.
580:Neuropsychologia
575:
569:
568:
532:
523:
522:
494:
311:Elizabeth Spelke
21:
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3613:
3609:
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3584:
3583:
3582:
3577:
3556:Offline editing
3503:
3482:External rhythm
3477:Internal rhythm
3460:Kuleshov effect
3443:
3434:180-degree rule
3422:
3391:
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3321:
3273:
3242:
3191:
3172:Synchronization
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3050:Further reading
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2126:10.1.1.485.1953
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1675:Neuropsychology
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1392:1854/LU-2084124
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3561:Online editing
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3439:30-degree rule
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3218:Points of view
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3118:External links
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3023:(2): 331–335.
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2662:(4): 709–719.
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2075:(2): 336–353.
2056:
2011:BMC Psychiatry
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1549:(6): 672–685.
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1434:(5): 637–642.
1414:
1377:(4): 557–563.
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1255:(10): e01407.
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240:social anxiety
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212:working memory
210:tasks such as
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3535:Video editing
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2371:(1): e10844.
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101:(maintaining
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55:concentration
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3413:Slow cutting
3387:Flashforward
3373:Contrast cut
3361:Storytelling
3333:Fast cutting
3233:Split screen
3187:Parallel cut
3176:
3167:Choreography
3153:Film editing
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1653:ScienceDaily
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1596:(1): 43–53.
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1252:
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676:. Retrieved
672:
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629:
625:
583:
579:
573:
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536:
502:
498:
472:Self control
467:Frontal lobe
420:
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343:
323:Mark Johnson
293:
280:
271:
263:Applications
252:
225:
205:
178:
169:
165:
152:
135:
111:flanker task
96:
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50:
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3312:Slow motion
3278:Timelapsing
3182:Master shot
2893:: 611–647.
2850:: 269–297.
2202:: 629–651.
1318:: S20–S28.
937:: 283–322.
830:: 337–367.
331:interactive
327:Linda Smith
307:Jerry Fodor
283:mindfulness
277:Mindfulness
268:Performance
121:Development
107:Stroop task
3588:Categories
3238:Transition
2679:2066/71012
1658:20 October
1292:2023-10-18
1287:2304682979
1117:Brain Cogn
678:21 October
479:References
382:See also:
248:depression
203:families.
125:See also:
63:endogenous
3472:Long take
3408:Cross cut
3403:Smash cut
3383:Flashback
3295:Axial cut
3264:Long shot
3259:Match cut
3247:Insertion
3196:Technique
2512:144512803
2121:CiteSeerX
2033:1471-244X
2017:(1): 72.
1976:0014-4886
1927:0887-6185
1888:257077649
1872:0360-4012
1409:207221148
1334:0197-4580
1222:0960-7404
1166:: 89–94.
543:: 25–42.
437:Attention
411:attention
371:attention
367:attention
303:cognitive
149:Childhood
103:awareness
99:alertness
67:executive
59:attention
3348:Supercut
3307:Dissolve
3290:Jump cut
3254:Dialogue
3110:21767051
3039:11495122
2998:21767051
2907:15217345
2814:34728448
2806:24763592
2755:19478185
2696:19010227
2688:19038226
2610:19210090
2561:19236397
2477:20977552
2436:17181703
2397:30622094
2310:17661562
2302:20363650
2259:19941676
2216:11148320
2151:10096387
2143:10945922
2097:33462708
2089:17516812
2051:29566652
1984:27178007
1935:24291395
1880:36807926
1798:22122146
1749:22963595
1695:21417533
1620:20411025
1571:14128174
1563:17710820
1528:18294695
1493:14633060
1458:19298466
1401:21469928
1352:24952993
1283:ProQuest
1279:31512413
1230:20004566
1180:15935419
1137:12139955
1102:16651511
1061:16580701
1012:15148381
961:17120808
854:11148309
809:17305436
774:18269768
748:(1): 9.
723:12681459
715:11970796
654:12681459
646:11970796
600:21185321
519:18973175
430:See also
395:fixation
351:learning
290:Learning
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2552:2780017
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1992:2937082
1789:3235713
1740:3516492
1611:2856933
1449:3272379
1343:4094356
1270:6790327
1145:2283825
1052:1513793
916:7672460
845:1808/94
765:2265730
608:5429116
565:2995749
557:2183676
397:point.
295:Modular
189:preterm
185:anxiety
162:Elderly
153:As the
143:salient
132:Infancy
71:frontal
3492:B-roll
3396:Action
3317:Prelap
3269:Insert
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246:, and
181:autism
3547:(NLE)
3326:Other
3203:Clues
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2868:S2CID
2810:S2CID
2692:S2CID
2508:S2CID
2306:S2CID
2263:S2CID
2224:45005
2220:S2CID
2147:S2CID
2093:S2CID
1988:S2CID
1884:S2CID
1567:S2CID
1405:S2CID
1176:S2CID
1141:S2CID
719:S2CID
650:S2CID
604:S2CID
561:S2CID
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2994:PMID
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1980:PMID
1972:ISSN
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1616:PMID
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553:PMID
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421:The
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313:and
195:and
183:and
109:and
3285:Cut
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