173:. Patients suffering from FTLD offer information on the biological complexity involved in generating self-conscious emotions. With the use of a startle experiment (where patients and control participants are exposed to an unexpected and loud sound) it has been shown that sufferers of FTLD show and experience the basic negative emotions expected to be attached to the startling sounds. However they show significantly less signs of experiencing self-conscious emotions compared to control groups. This is due to an inhibition of
1074:
1068:
142:
their own actions. If the individual decides that they have caused a situation to occur, they then must decide if the situation was a success or a failure based on the social norms they have accrued, then attach the appropriate self-conscious feeling (Weiner, 1986). This is a complex cognitive skill,
129:
Emotions such as joy, fear and sadness can all be gathered reliantly on just a person’s face. However self-conscious emotions heavily involve the body in addition to the face (Darwin, 1965). This means that when humans are attempting to learn self-conscious emotions, they have more to tend to, making
229:
changes not just the person’s mood but their body language. In this situation the individual gives out non-verbal signs of submission and this is generally more likely to be greeted with forgiveness. This has been shown in a study where actors knocked over a supermarket shelve (Semin & Manstead,
180:
The ability to show basic emotions while lacking the ability to perform the more complex self-conscious emotions demonstrates that self-conscious emotions are biologically harder to perform than average emotions. FTLD patients tend to struggle in social situations (Sturm & Rosen, 2006). This is
259:
Caution should be taken with regards to these studies. While the findings are becoming more robust, the number of different variables involved will make it hard to ever come to a conclusion on the subject of poor behaviour being caused by these deficiencies. The difficulty being the hardship of
247:
Initially, self-conscious emotions were looked upon as troublesome and all part of an internal fight. However, views on this have now changed. There is a strong link between the ability of an individual to regulate their behaviour in an appropriate manner and problems with their self-conscious
78:
Self-conscious emotions have been shown to have social benefits. These include areas such as reinforcing social behaviors and reparation of social errors. There is also possible research suggesting that a lack of self-conscious emotion is a contributing cause of bad behaviour.
209:. Performing well in situations while keeping to social norms can elicit pride. This feels good so therefore encourages the behaviour to be repeated. Equally performing in a situation while not sticking to the social norms can leave individuals feeling
47:
During the second year of life, new emotions begin to emerge when children gain the understanding that they themselves are entities distinct from other people and begin to develop a sense of self. These emotions include:
1555:
213:. This feels bad and is generally avoided in the future. An example of this is a study (Brown, 1970) where participants were shown to choose avoiding feelings of embarrassment over financial gains.
238:
have found to be easier to see in females and
African-Americans, than compared to male and Caucasian targets (Keltner, 1995). This is due to social learnings from previous generations.
205:
Self-conscious emotions are seen to promote social harmony in different ways. The first is its ability to reinforce social norms. It does this in a very similar way to that of
325:
Semin, G. R., & Manstead, A. S. R. (1982). The social implications of embarrassment displays and restitution behavior. European
Journal of Social Psychology, 12, 367–377.
322:
Keltner, D. (1995). Signs of appeasement: Evidence for the distinct displaysof embarrassment, amusement, and shame. Journal of
Personalityand Social Psychology, 68, 441–454.
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Tracy, J. L., & Robins, R. W. (2004). Keeping the self in self-conscious emotions: Further arguments for a theoretical model. Psychological
Inquiry, 15(2), 171-177.
151:
As stated, self-conscious emotions are complex and harder to learn than basic emotions such as happiness or fear. This premise also has biological backing.
248:
emotions. A school was able to list a set of boys who were classified as ‘prone to aggression and delinquent behaviour’. When these boys sat an interactive
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Sturm, V., E. & Rosen, H., J. (2006). Self-conscious emotion deficits in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Retrieve from the web, 11th Jan 2010.
362:
189:
Acquiring the ability to perform self-conscious emotions may be relatively difficult, but does bring benefits. The main benefits being those of
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Darwin, C., R. (1965). The expression of the emotions in man and animals. Chicago: University of
Chicago Press. (Original work publish 1872).
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Brown, B. R. (1970). Face-saving following experimentally induced embarrassment. Journal of
Experimental Social Psychology, 4, 107–122.
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creating the proper environment within a lab where self-conscious emotions would not only occur, but could be adequately measured.
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252:, they scored higher on scores of anger compared with the normal boys at the school. They also scored lower in feelings of
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1982). Those that acted embarrassed were received more favorably than those who reacted in a neutral fashion.
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Self-conscious emotions are among the latter of emotions to develop. Two reasons are at the cause of this:
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Due to the nature of these emotions, they can only begin to form once an individual has the capacity to
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Self-conscious emotions enable social healing. When an individual makes a social error, feelings of
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Weiner, B. (1986). An atrributional theory of motivation and emotion. New York: Springer-Verlag.
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that relate to our sense of self and our consciousness of others' reactions to us.
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again linked with their inability to perform self-conscious emotions adequately.
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They have five distinct features that differentiate them from other emotions:
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that attacks the brain selectively in the frontal lobe, temporal lobe and
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32:
24:
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Interactions between the emotional and executive brain systems
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Do not have distinct universally recognized facial expressions
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http://brain.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/129/9/2508
177:
caused by the damaged brain (Sturm & Rosen, 2006).
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1081:
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826:
165:Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a
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96:Facilitate attainment of complex social goals
8:
1130:
969:
960:
727:
1629:indicate emotion names in foreign languages
693:
363:
349:
341:
7:
14:
161:Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
155:Frontotemporal lobar degeneration
1072:
1066:
93:Emerge later than basic emotions
143:one that takes time to master.
130:the emotions harder to grasp.
1:
1581:Social emotional development
827:
1663:
158:
118:
1624:
1064:
167:neurodegenerative disease
1514:in virtual communication
285:Psychological repression
275:Developmental psychology
90:and self representation
17:Self-conscious emotions
1131:
970:
961:
952:
728:
694:
147:Biological complexity
1551:Group affective tone
207:operant conditioning
1604:constructed emotion
1274:functional accounts
305:Thought suppression
102:Cognitively complex
35:, are a variety of
1504:in decision-making
745:(sense of purpose)
290:Self-consciousness
1634:
1633:
1221:Appeal to emotion
999:Social connection
256:(Keltner, 1995).
125:Facial expression
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1609:discrete emotion
1509:in the workplace
1405:Empathy quotient
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1561:Jealousy in art
1304:in conversation
1226:Amygdala hijack
1139:
1077:
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1051:sense of wonder
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185:Social benefits
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37:social emotions
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5:
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1614:somatic marker
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1586:Stoic passions
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1534:social sharing
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1467:thought method
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1432:lateralization
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1259:classification
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979:Sentimentality
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815:at first sight
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553:Disappointment
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280:Moral emotions
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243:Poor behaviour
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217:Social healing
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201:Social harmony
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195:social healing
191:social harmony
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134:Self-awareness
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88:self-awareness
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1368:dysregulation
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1169:in psychology
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1154:consciousness
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963:Schadenfreude
959:
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829:Mono no aware
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681:Joie de vivre
678:
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650:Gratification
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578:Embarrassment
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516:
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483:Belongingness
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254:embarrassment
251:
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236:embarrassment
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227:embarrassment
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175:embarrassment
172:
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140:self-evaluate
133:
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121:Body language
115:Body language
114:
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73:Embarrassment
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42:
40:
38:
34:
30:
29:embarrassment
26:
22:
18:
1626:
1566:Meta-emotion
1523:
1479:Emotionality
1452:responsivity
1400:and bullying
1395:intelligence
1205:Affectivity
1189:neuroscience
1159:in education
742:
703:Homesickness
679:
605:Enthrallment
590:Emotion work
453:Anticipation
258:
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220:
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179:
164:
150:
139:
137:
128:
110:
81:
77:
46:
16:
15:
1494:and culture
1299:recognition
1284:homeostatic
1184:forecasting
1133:Weltschmerz
1106:Misanthropy
883:grandiosity
765:Inspiration
755:Infatuation
723:Humiliation
645:Frustration
518:Contentment
295:Self-esteem
211:embarrassed
107:Development
43:Description
1571:Pathognomy
1472:well-being
1388:and gender
1383:expression
1378:exhaustion
1363:detachment
1348:competence
1329:Emotional
1311:regulation
1294:perception
1289:in animals
1239:and memory
1175:Affective
1083:Worldviews
945:melancholy
930:Resentment
800:Loneliness
775:Irritation
760:Insecurity
750:Indulgence
625:Excitement
610:Enthusiasm
543:Depression
503:Confidence
498:Compassion
473:Attraction
398:Admiration
393:Acceptance
311:References
234:Levels of
159:See also:
119:See also:
19:, such as
1599:appraisal
1539:sociology
1490:Emotions
1462:symbiosis
1447:reasoning
1417:isolation
1358:contagion
1343:blackmail
1269:expressed
1264:evolution
1254:and sleep
1244:and music
1179:computing
1126:Reclusion
1121:Pessimism
1096:Defeatism
1026:Suffering
972:Sehnsucht
915:Rejection
866:self-pity
841:Nostalgia
810:limerence
780:Isolation
718:Hostility
675:Happiness
655:Gratitude
600:Emptiness
583:vicarious
533:Curiosity
508:Confusion
448:Annoyance
428:Amusement
418:Agitation
413:Affection
408:Aesthetic
403:Adoration
300:Self-pity
270:Attention
1641:Category
1457:security
1437:literacy
1422:lability
1412:intimacy
1353:conflict
1333:aperture
1230:Emotion
1214:negative
1209:positive
1199:spectrum
1164:measures
1116:Optimism
1111:Nihilism
1101:Fatalism
1091:Cynicism
1036:Sympathy
1031:Surprise
873:Pleasure
795:Kindness
785:Jealousy
770:Interest
737:Hysteria
620:Euphoria
563:Distrust
513:Contempt
493:Calmness
385:Emotions
372:Emotions
264:See also
171:amygdala
86:Require
1647:Emotion
1627:Italics
1590:Theory
1546:Feeling
1499:history
1484:bounded
1442:prosody
1249:and sex
1234:and art
1194:science
1150:Affect
1144:Related
1019:chronic
994:Shyness
954:Saudade
940:Sadness
935:Revenge
925:Remorse
856:Passion
846:Outrage
836:Neglect
696:Hiraeth
595:Empathy
573:Ecstasy
558:Disgust
528:Cruelty
523:Courage
488:Boredom
468:Arousal
458:Anxiety
443:Anguish
250:IQ test
1594:affect
1576:Pathos
1529:social
1373:eating
1046:Wonder
1014:Stress
1004:Sorrow
920:Relief
910:Regret
898:vanity
893:insult
888:hubris
743:Ikigai
713:Horror
689:Hatred
548:Desire
538:Defeat
463:Apathy
31:, and
1519:moral
1427:labor
1279:group
1058:Worry
1041:Trust
1009:Spite
989:Shock
984:Shame
878:Pride
851:Panic
730:Hygge
670:Guilt
665:Grief
660:Greed
630:Faith
568:Doubt
438:Angst
433:Anger
423:Agony
223:guilt
63:Guilt
58:Pride
53:Shame
33:pride
25:shame
21:guilt
1338:bias
1323:work
905:Rage
861:Pity
822:Lust
805:Love
708:Hope
640:Flow
635:Fear
615:Envy
376:list
193:and
123:and
68:Envy
790:Joy
478:Awe
225:or
1643::
197:.
27:,
23:,
378:)
374:(
364:e
357:t
350:v
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