28:
210:
locality. The metamorphic rocks include garnet and clinopyroxene-bearing granulite, hornblende and plagioclase amphibolite, epidote, and greenschist facies sediments that include cherts, marbles, and quartzites. Although there have been many theories about the pressure-temperature environment of these metamorphic soles, Cowan et al. suggest that the formational temperatures and pressure of the metamorphic being 770-900 degrees celsius and 11-13 kbar respectively are representative of a subduction zone that was present before the emplacement of the ophiolite.
260:: The oceanic lithosphere over thrust continental lithosphere (Fig. 3). Figure 3-A, older than 101 to 95 Ma the mid-ocean ridge is spreading and the oceanic lithosphere subducted under both continental lithosphere. The Samail Ophiolite initial place is marked on the right oceanic lithosphere. Figure 3-B, from 95 to 87 Ma the mid-ocean ridge stopped spreading and the intra-oceanic thrusting started. Where the left oceanic lithosphere subducted under the right oceanic lithosphere with the Samail Ophiolite, which are
36:
284:
299:
252:
under the continental lithosphere on the right while the other side is overriding the oceanic lithosphere on the left. Also, that is where the proto Semail
Ophiolite and volcanism starts to form a volcanic arc. Figure 2-B, from 95 to 87 Ma the mid-ocean ridge is spreading and a volcanic arc has
209:
There are two locations where the metamorphic core of the ophiolite are exposed. These locations occur at the
Sumeini Window and the Wadi Tayyin. The Sumeini Window is located in northern Oman at the base of the ophiolite. The Wadi Tayyin is located in southwestern Oman near the classic Green Pool
164:
units. The allochthonous units, from low to high structurally, are the
Sumeini group, the Hawasina complex, the Haybi complex, the Ophiolite, and the Batinah complex. From the Sumeini group to the Haybi Complex make up the
129:. This includes layers from the Earth's upper mantle, along with cumulate rocks, gabbros, sheeted dike complexes, and volcanic sequences, providing a vertical profile of oceanic lithosphere. It is primarily made of
253:
formed. Figure 2-C, from 87 to 76 Ma the mid-ocean ridge is spreading and the ocean lithosphere being pushed and over thrust the continental lithosphere by the help of the volcanic arc.
268:
facies conditions at the base of the Samail
Ophiolite. Figure 3-C, from 87 to 76 Ma the Samail Ophiolite overthrusts the continental lithosphere and is emplaced onto the
357:
673:
226:: A seven to 20 km thick ophiolitic terrane could slide onto a continental margin. This requires an elevated source region, which presents difficulties.
283:
523:
Hacker, Bradley R. (April 1991). "The Role Of
Deformation In The Formation Of Metamorphic Gradients: Ridge Subduction Beneath The Oman Ophiolite".
201:
sediments came from beneath the ophiolite during late-stage extensional faulting and then slid into the ophiolite late in the emplacement history.
496:
563:"Structure of the metamorphic sole to the Oman Ophiolite, Sumeini Window and Wadi Tayyin: implications for ophiolite obduction processes"
658:
298:
473:
668:
218:
There are three different models that may explain how the Samail
Ophiolite could form and overthrust a continental margin:
27:
643:
95:
provides insight into the dynamics of oceanic crust formation and the tectonic processes involved in the creation of
483:. Geological Society of America, Special Paper. Vol. 438. Geological Society of America. pp. 191–222.
683:
663:
126:
607:
532:
438:
190:
157:
60:
52:
429:
Wilson, H. Hugh (July 2000). "The Age Of The
Hawasina And Other Problems Of Oman Mountain Geology".
678:
276:-facies conditions at the base of the Samail Ophiolite. This model is more supported by geologists.
261:
326:
623:
454:
351:
198:
405:
110:
crust that was thrust over continental crust due to the convergence of the
African and Eurasian
31:
Arabian Plate map with Samail
Ophiolite location on the eastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula
492:
166:
130:
106:
period, approximately 95 million years ago, the Samail
Ophiolite represents a fragment of the
88:
64:
35:
615:
540:
484:
446:
332:
125:
It covers an area of around 100,000 square kilometers, and is a complete and well-preserved
562:
242:
111:
103:
76:
611:
536:
442:
241:
and a passive continental margin (Fig. 2). Figure 2-A, older than 101 to 95 Ma the
450:
652:
458:
96:
72:
68:
627:
238:
107:
80:
373:"Significance of the evaporite occurrences in the Hawasina Window, Oman Mountains"
273:
265:
246:
174:
153:
17:
488:
249:
178:
170:
161:
119:
84:
234:
149:
115:
92:
593:
591:
578:
Verhandelingen Koninklijk Nederlands Geologisch Mijnbouwkundidg Genootschap
371:Ágoston Sasvári; Tamás Pocsai; László Csontos; Gizella B. Árgyelán (2008).
474:"Suprasubduction-zone ophiolites: Is there really an ophiolite conundrum?"
372:
118:, makes it a site for studying the processes of oceanic crust formation,
336:
182:
173:. The ophiolite formed in the Late Cretaceous and consists of a basal
544:
156:. After that the thrust sheets are from low to high structurally: the
619:
269:
186:
134:
598:
Oxburgh, E. R. (1972). "Flake Tectonics and Continental Collision".
34:
26:
644:
Samail Ophiolite Detachment and Emplacement:Mechanisms and Timing
194:
67:. It is one of the world's largest and best-exposed segments of
56:
399:
397:
395:
393:
391:
389:
481:
Ophiolites, Arcs, and Batholiths: A Tribute to Cliff Hopson
237:
of an arc-trench gap ophiolite due to the collision of a
576:"Reinhardt BM 1974 Geology of the Oman mountains".
197:(0.5–2.0 km). The Batinah complex containing
148:The Arabian continental margin formed in the early
169:with an age range from Middle Triassic to Late
328:Deep Carbon Observatory: A Decade of Discovery
518:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
8:
472:Rodney V. Metcalf; John W. Shervais (2008).
39:Close-up view of a section of the ophiolite.
479:. In Wright, J.E.; Shervais, J.W. (eds.).
356:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
317:
279:
140:) content ranging from 45–77 wt%.
114:. This geological phenomenon, known as
349:
7:
556:
554:
674:Geology of the United Arab Emirates
451:10.1111/j.1747-5457.2000.tb01023.x
25:
325:Deep Carbon Observatory (2019).
297:
282:
1:
406:"Ophiolites a natural wonder"
431:Journal of Petroleum Geology
404:Jan Schreurs; John Millson.
245:is spreading and the ocean
700:
659:Cretaceous System of Asia
181:tectonic (8–12 km),
272:, which are accreted at
669:Geology of Saudi Arabia
380:MOL Scientific Magazine
152:and possibly the late
51:, is a large, ancient
40:
32:
489:10.1130/2008.2438(07)
291:suprasupduction model
231:suprasubduction model
224:gravity sliding model
193:(1–1.5 km), and
127:stratigraphic section
38:
30:
61:United Arab Emirates
53:geological formation
47:, also known as the
612:1972Natur.239..202O
537:1991Tecto..10..455H
443:2000JPetG..23..345W
189:(0.5–6.5 km),
144:Geologic formations
337:10.17863/CAM.44064
331:. Washington, DC.
199:continental margin
177:sole (150–200 m),
102:Formed during the
41:
33:
606:(5369): 202–204.
545:10.1029/90TC02779
498:978-0-8137-2438-6
167:continental slope
122:, and obduction.
89:continental crust
79:from the Earth's
65:Arabian Peninsula
16:(Redirected from
691:
632:
631:
620:10.1038/239202a0
595:
586:
585:
573:
567:
566:
558:
549:
548:
520:
503:
502:
478:
469:
463:
462:
426:
420:
419:
417:
415:
410:
401:
384:
383:
377:
368:
362:
361:
355:
347:
345:
343:
322:
301:
286:
205:Metamorphic Sole
77:ultramafic rocks
49:Semail Ophiolite
45:Samail Ophiolite
21:
18:Semail Ophiolite
699:
698:
694:
693:
692:
690:
689:
688:
684:Hajar Mountains
664:Geology of Oman
649:
648:
640:
635:
597:
596:
589:
575:
574:
570:
560:
559:
552:
522:
521:
506:
499:
476:
471:
470:
466:
428:
427:
423:
413:
411:
408:
403:
402:
387:
375:
370:
369:
365:
348:
341:
339:
324:
323:
319:
315:
308:
306:obducting model
302:
293:
287:
258:obducting model
243:mid-ocean ridge
216:
207:
185:peridotite and
160:units, and the
146:
138:
112:tectonic plates
108:Tethyan Oceanic
104:Late Cretaceous
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
697:
695:
687:
686:
681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
651:
650:
647:
646:
639:
638:External links
636:
634:
633:
587:
568:
550:
531:(2): 455–473.
504:
497:
464:
437:(3): 345–362.
421:
385:
363:
316:
314:
311:
310:
309:
303:
296:
294:
288:
281:
278:
277:
254:
227:
215:
212:
206:
203:
145:
142:
136:
131:silicate rocks
73:volcanic rocks
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
696:
685:
682:
680:
677:
675:
672:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
656:
654:
645:
642:
641:
637:
629:
625:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
594:
592:
588:
583:
579:
572:
569:
564:
557:
555:
551:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
505:
500:
494:
490:
486:
482:
475:
468:
465:
460:
456:
452:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
425:
422:
407:
400:
398:
396:
394:
392:
390:
386:
381:
374:
367:
364:
359:
353:
338:
334:
330:
329:
321:
318:
312:
307:
300:
295:
292:
285:
280:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
248:
244:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:
221:
220:
219:
213:
211:
204:
202:
200:
196:
192:
191:sheeted dikes
188:
184:
180:
176:
172:
168:
163:
162:allochthonous
159:
158:autochthonous
155:
151:
143:
141:
139:
132:
128:
123:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
70:
69:oceanic crust
66:
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
37:
29:
19:
603:
599:
581:
577:
571:
561:Cowan, R.J.
528:
524:
480:
467:
434:
430:
424:
412:. Retrieved
379:
366:
340:. Retrieved
327:
320:
305:
290:
257:
239:volcanic arc
230:
223:
217:
208:
147:
124:
101:
97:ocean basins
81:upper mantle
48:
44:
42:
342:13 December
304:Fig 3: The
289:Fig 2: The
274:greenschist
266:amphibolite
247:lithosphere
175:metamorphic
154:Proterozoic
679:Ophiolites
653:Categories
414:10 October
313:References
179:peridotite
171:Cretaceous
120:subduction
85:overthrust
71:, made of
525:Tectonics
459:128840838
352:cite book
250:subducted
235:obduction
214:Formation
150:Paleozoic
116:obduction
93:ophiolite
87:onto the
83:that was
382:: 87–92.
262:accreted
59:and the
628:4186536
608:Bibcode
533:Bibcode
439:Bibcode
183:igneous
91:. This
63:in the
626:
600:Nature
584:: 423.
495:
457:
270:craton
233:: The
187:gabbro
133:with (
624:S2CID
477:(PDF)
455:S2CID
409:(PDF)
376:(PDF)
195:lavas
493:ISBN
416:2013
358:link
344:2019
256:The
229:The
222:The
75:and
57:Oman
43:The
616:doi
604:239
541:doi
485:doi
447:doi
333:doi
264:at
135:SiO
55:in
655::
622:.
614:.
602:.
590:^
582:31
580:.
553:^
539:.
529:10
527:.
507:^
491:.
453:.
445:.
435:23
433:.
388:^
378:.
354:}}
350:{{
99:.
630:.
618::
610::
565:.
547:.
543::
535::
501:.
487::
461:.
449::
441::
418:.
360:)
346:.
335::
137:2
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
