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collision between players. They define such collision sports as being where: "athletes purposely hit or collide with each other or with inanimate objects (including the ground) with great force", while in limited-contact sports such impacts are often "infrequent and inadvertent". While contact sports are considered the most high risk for injury, in some sports being a major feature (such as boxing or other martial arts), limited-contact and noncontact sports are not without risk as injury or contact may come about as a result of a fall or collision with the playing area, or a piece of
31:
57:, while others are incidental such as when shielding the ball or contesting an aerial challenge. As the types of contact between players is not equal between all sports they define the types of contact that is deemed acceptable and fall within the laws of the game, while outlawing other types of physical contact that might be considered expressly dangerous or risky such as a
53:. Contact may come about as the result of intentional or incidental actions by the players in the course of play. This is in contrast to noncontact sports where players often have no opportunity to make contact with each other and the laws of the game may expressly forbid contact. In contact sports some forms of contact are encouraged as a critical aspect of the game such as
829:
200:), athletes purposely hit or collide with each other or with inanimate objects (including the ground) with great force. In contact sports (e.g. basketball), athletes routinely make contact with each other or with inanimate objects but usually with less force than in collision sports. In limited-contact sports (e.g.
873:
There has been an increasing medical, academic, and media focus on sports involving rapid contact in the late 20th to early 21st century and their relationship with sports injuries. Several sports' governing bodies began changing their rules in order to decrease the incidence of serious injuries and
101:
and taekwondo where competitors are allowed to attempt to knock out an opponent through strikes to the head or otherwise bringing the opponent to the floor. Full contact rules differentiate from other forms of the same sports that may otherwise restrict blows to the head and the use of elbows or
96:
Some definitions of contact sports, particularly martial arts, have the concept of full contact, semi-contact and noncontact (or other definitions) for both training and competitive sparring. Some categories of contact may or may not be combined with other methods of scoring, but full contact is
80:
Contact sports are categorised by the
American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) into three main categories: contact, limited-contact and noncontact. In attempting to define relative risk for competitors in sports the AAP have further defined contact sports as containing some element of intentional
224:
A full contact sport is primarily any combat sport that allows the competitor to attempt to knock-out or otherwise defeat their opponent by physically incapacitating them. Examples of this would include most professional martial arts such as
399:
As defined by the AAP, and also considered collision sports. The AAP notes
Martial arts can be subclassified as judo, jujitsu, karate, kung fu, and tae kwon do; some forms are contact sports and others are limited-contact sports.
117:) which attempt to replace tackling and other forms of contact with alternative methods of interacting with an opponent, such as removing a flag from a belt worn by the opponent or outlawing specific actions entirely such as in
359:
is forbidden. Some semi-contact sports use a point system to determine the winner and use extensive protective gear to protect the athletes from injury. Examples of semi-contact sports include
520:
As defined by the AAP. The AAP notes
Martial arts can be subclassified as judo, jujitsu, karate, kung fu, and tae kwon do; some forms are contact sports and others are limited-contact sports.
106:
and require a of change equipment, alter or omit rules, and are generally differentiated from contact sports by their explicit intent of defeating an opponent in physical combat.
355:
and containing physical contact between the combatants simulating full-power techniques. The techniques are restricted to limited power, and rendering the opponent
890:
Protocol in 2011, banning concussed players from re-entering the same game in which they were injured in order to reduce the risk of further injury and damage.
237:. Defeating an opponent generally takes place using in isolation or combination actions such as striking and grappling depending on the rules of the sport.
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generally considered to include the potential for victory by knockout or submission depending on the form of combat. An example of this is
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where physical contact between competitors, or their environment, is an integral part of the game. For example,
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avoid lawsuits. In some countries, new laws have been passed, particularly in regard to concussions.
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73:. Where there is a limit as to how much contact is acceptable most sports have a mechanism to call a
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and squash), contact with other athletes or with inanimate objects is infrequent or inadvertent.
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859:. Some sports are also played on soft ground and have padding on physical obstacles, such as
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905:, "...the result of suffering multiple concussions playing rugby three times in six days."
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1143:"Precompetition injury and subsequent tournament performance in full-contact taekwondo"
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by the referee, umpire or similar official when an offence is deemed to have occurred.
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or even a piece of protective wear worn by a teammate or opposition player.
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Some contact sports have limited-contact or noncontact variations (such as
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policy statement was revised in 2008 to include the following definition:
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uses the term contact sport and collision sport to refer to sports like
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At the professional level, America's professional football league, the
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157:. The term limited-contact sport is used to refer to sports such as
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As a result of the risk of injury, some sports require the use of
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715:
467:
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46:
29:
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was passed after the death of a young
Canadian female athlete.
979:"Recommendations for Participation in Competitive Sports"
866:
Most contact sports require any male players to wear a
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1022:
1020:
1018:
1016:
1014:
973:
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65:, or against the spirit of the game such as striking
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1031:"Medical conditions affecting sports participation"
102:knees. Such full contact sports may be defined as
27:Sport involving physical contact between players
196:, ice hockey, American football, lacrosse, and
190:
169:, and the term noncontact sport to sports like
1076:. World Fighting Martial Arts Federation. 2019
1259:"Youth Football Safety and Injury Prevention"
8:
1141:Michael Feehan and Anna E Waller* (1995).
1168:
1158:
1046:
994:
375:that incorporate contact rules sparring,
1123:. World Martial Arts Championships. 2015
1097:. World Martial Arts Championships. 2019
1068:
1066:
967:
853:American football protective equipment
944:From a Martial Art to a Martial Sport
855:or the gloves and helmets needed for
7:
1195:The origins of full-contact sparring
129:Current medical terminology in the
1121:"WMAC Contact Levels Summary v2.5"
25:
925:Laws of the Game (disambiguation)
381:historical European martial arts
1283:"Concussion Game Day Checklist"
1074:"Rules for Full-Contact Sanda"
996:10.1080/00913847.1988.11709513
186:American Academy of Pediatrics
1:
233:and some forms of Karate and
870:to protect their genitalia.
813:Sports injury and prevention
85:, such as being struck by a
1354:
816:
513:
217:
192:In collision sports (e.g.
339:Semi-contact martial arts
214:Full-contact martial arts
36:Australian rules football
946:. Taylor & Francis.
884:National Football League
675:As defined by the AAP.
580:Football, flag or touch
71:unsportsmanlike conduct
1048:10.1542/peds.2008-0080
903:second-impact syndrome
844:
510:Limited-contact sports
206:
143:professional wrestling
38:
1228:Forms versus sparring
1160:10.1136/bjsm.29.4.258
831:
33:
1225:Moenig, Udo (2015).
1192:Moenig, Udo (2015).
989:(5): 737–739. 1988.
942:Moenig, Udo (2015).
920:Fouls and misconduct
878:Concussion protocols
849:protective equipment
625:Cross-country skiing
406:Association football
893:In Canada in 2018,
550:Whitewater kayaking
546:Whitewater canoeing
373:Korean martial arts
317:Full Contact Karate
255:Brazilian jiu-jitsu
99:full contact karate
1336:Sports terminology
886:, implemented The
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345:semi-contact sport
270:Mixed martial arts
227:Mixed Martial Arts
83:sporting equipment
39:
857:underwater hockey
841:ice hockey helmet
446:American football
441:Canadian football
315:Various forms of
139:American football
115:American football
51:gridiron football
16:(Redirected from
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901:died in 2013 of
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379:, some types of
119:walking football
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43:contact sport
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1294:. Retrieved
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1266:. Retrieved
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1242:. Retrieved
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1220:
1209:. Retrieved
1194:
1187:
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1146:
1136:
1125:. Retrieved
1099:. Retrieved
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1078:. Retrieved
1041:(4): 841–8.
1038:
1034:
986:
982:
943:
936:Bibliography
892:
881:
872:
865:
846:
837:David Backes
791:Table tennis
781:Scuba diving
766:Rope jumping
756:Race walking
746:Orienteering
721:Field events
686:Bodybuilding
674:
630:Water skiing
595:Martial arts
575:Floor hockey
560:Field events
519:
488:Snowboarding
463:Martial arts
431:Field hockey
416:Cheerleading
398:
349:combat sport
344:
342:
280:Pradal serey
242:martial arts
239:
223:
220:Combat sport
191:
183:
155:roller derby
128:
125:Nomenclature
108:
95:
87:hockey stick
79:
63:spear tackle
42:
40:
34:A tackle in
18:Semi-contact
915:Blood sport
895:Rowan's Law
702:(flatwater)
660:Windsurfing
605:Ice skating
600:Racquetball
483:Ski jumping
357:unconscious
59:high tackle
1292:. Oct 2022
1268:2022-11-02
1244:2023-07-09
1211:2023-07-09
1127:2023-07-09
1101:2023-07-09
1080:2023-07-09
1035:Pediatrics
983:Pediatrics
962:References
888:Concussion
861:goal posts
671:Noncontact
650:Volleyball
570:Pole vault
531:Basketball
514:See also:
498:Water polo
453:Gymnastics
436:Ice hockey
371:, various
351:involving
332:Kickboxing
147:ice hockey
824:Equipment
681:Badminton
565:High jump
541:Bicycling
503:Wrestling
389:taekwondo
327:Wrestling
301:Taekwondo
275:Muay Thai
244:include:
235:Taekwondo
171:badminton
69:or other
1330:Category
1296:23 March
1263:NFL FLAG
1057:18381550
1005:27403556
909:See also
786:Swimming
736:Shot-put
700:kayaking
696:Canoeing
640:Softball
585:Handball
536:Baseball
458:Lacrosse
353:striking
311:Taekkyon
202:softball
179:swimming
167:handball
163:baseball
151:lacrosse
91:football
55:tackling
1290:NFL.com
1179:8808541
1170:1332238
835:player
776:Sailing
771:Running
761:Riflery
731:Javelin
711:Curling
691:Bowling
664:surfing
555:Fencing
385:fencing
322:Vovinam
265:Lethwei
175:running
45:is any
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1055:
1003:
950:
796:Tennis
726:Discus
706:Rowing
645:Squash
620:Skiing
421:Diving
411:Boxing
361:karate
295:Savate
250:Boxing
231:Boxing
209:Grades
194:boxing
159:soccer
1286:(PDF)
839:with
801:Track
716:Dance
473:Rugby
468:Rodeo
377:kendo
369:Kenpo
290:Sanda
285:Sambo
198:rodeo
135:rugby
47:sport
1298:2023
1233:ISBN
1200:ISBN
1175:PMID
1147:BJSM
1053:PMID
1001:PMID
948:ISBN
741:Golf
387:and
306:Sumo
260:Judo
184:The
177:and
165:and
153:and
113:for
75:foul
1165:PMC
1155:doi
1043:doi
1039:121
991:doi
698:or
662:or
548:or
363:,
89:or
61:or
1332::
1314:.
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1198:.
1173:.
1163:.
1151:29
1149:.
1145:.
1110:^
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987:81
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1181:.
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1083:.
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843:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
