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Following the election, the seven bankers became the main power behind
Russian politics and economy. Between 1996 and 2000 they gained control over the most valuable state enterprises in the natural resource and metal sectors and unofficially manipulated Yeltsin and his decisions. According to Boris
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newspaper, in a 14 November 1996 article titled "Semibankirschina as a New
Russian Variation of Semiboyarschina". He wrote that "they control the access to budget money and basically all investment opportunities inside the country. They own the gigantic information resource of the major TV channels.
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in Russia. Khodorkovsky lost his business as well as freedom in 2003, while
Berezovsky and Gusinsky left Russia in 2000. Smolensky still owns significant companies, but lost his political influence. Vinogradov died in 2008. On 23 March 2013, Berezovsky was found dead at his home, Titness Park, at
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461:— should strike a "political compromise" in order to prevent "the economical collapse." It contained eight tips that described the position of business elites. The letter was called "a provocation" by the Communists and thus ignored.
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in which he said that seven businessmen were de facto ruling the country. He named a fairly random list — whomever he could recall at the time. I was listed together with
Fridman; there was one representative of each group there".
69:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge (XXG).
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summarized it, "the formula of victory: attracting the expert resources + dominating in the information field + blocking the competitor's moves + dominating in mass media + dominating in elites." The main analyst of the
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who played an important role in the political and economic spheres of the
Russian Federation between 1996 and 2000. In spite of their internal conflicts, members of the group worked together in order to re-elect
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who owned the majority of
Russian media resources and who decided to promote Boris Yeltsin every way possible. Since Yeltsin was highly unpopular by that time, with only 3—8% support, a complex technology of
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Yet the following years saw a quick demise of most of the seven bankers and the rise of the new generation of "manageable" Russian oligarchy. Khodorkovsky, Berezovsky and
Gusinsky turned into
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They form the
President's opinion. Those who didn't want to walk along them were either strangled or left the circle." Slightly over a year later, Fadin was killed in a car accident.
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to describe the current political regime and to warn people of what he considered an organized crime syndicate that controlled the
President and 70% of all Russian money.
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After the plan failed, half of those oligarchs formed what became known as
Semibankirschina — a group of seven business moguls ironically named after the 17th century
555:. Boris Berezovsky and his associates claimed that it was him who single-handedly promoted Putin and insisted on his candidature as Prime Minister and President.
403:) was part of this group too. From then on, various sources featured different combinations of those eight names to describe the phenomenon of Semibankirschina.
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Known as an extremely "dirty" election campaign both inside and outside of Russia, it was discussed in detail in Gleb Pavlovsky's report
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Russia's Path from Gorbachev to Putin: The Demise of the Soviet System and the New Russia
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in an October 1996 interview; and in an article published on 14 November 1996 journalist
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Rewriting Russian History: Did Boris Yeltsin Steal the 1996 Presidential Election?
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Tennis Academy, named after the first President of Russia Boris Yeltsin
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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How Boris Berezovsky Made Vladimir Putin, and Putin Unmade Berezovsky
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and Yeltsin's right-hand man who granted access to him at any time.
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Boris Berezovsky: a tale of revenge, betrayal and feuds with Putin
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Medvedev Confessed: In 1996 Zyuganov Won the Presidential Election
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and suggested that two major candidates — Boris Yeltsin and the
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Semibankirschina as a New Russian Variation of Semiboyarschina
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President in 1996: Scenarios and Technologies of the Victory
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Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University named after Boris Yeltsin
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coined the term "semibankirshchina" as a takeoff on the
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to this template: there are already 926 articles in the
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The Return: Russia's Journey from Gorbachev to Medvedev
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official YouTube channel, October 6, 2015 (in Russian)
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have since claimed that Yeltsin's victory was hoaxed.
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The Piratization of Russia: Russian Reform Goes Awry
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a machine-translated version of the Russian article.
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Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR
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Freedom, Repression, and Private Property in Russia
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1103:Oil: Money, Politics and Power in the 21st Century
234:The seven businessmen were identified by oligarch
2281:The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in the New Russia
1169:Boris Berezovsky found dead at his Berkshire home
1081:Gorbachev: ‘I am ashamed by Putin and Medvedev’
321:also used this word in his critical 1998 essay
1213:Seven oligarchs who decided the fate of Russia
1189:Russia bows to the `rule of the seven bankers'
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104:accompanying your translation by providing an
49:Click for important translation instructions.
36:expand this article with text translated from
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742:Chazan, Guy; Thornhill, John (5 March 2015).
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1389:"Circling over Shannon" diplomatic incident
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613:Persistent State Weakness in the Global Age
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1354:State Committee on the State of Emergency
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16:Group of seven Russian business oligarchs
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1007:An Approach to the President's Victory
992:newspaper, April 24, 2006 (in Russian)
770:Schmouker, Olivier (9 December 2009).
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912:newspaper, March 5, 2002 (in Russian)
905:The Results of 10 Years of Capitalism
833:newspaper, June 23, 2003 (in Russian)
744:"Mikhail Fridman: The Alpha oligarch"
538:grew in popularity, substituting the
328:The identities of seven bankers are:
7:
1684:Boris Yeltsin. Retreat is Impossible
647:"British Paper Names Banking Clique"
2357:Jewish Museum and Tolerance Center
1916:1996 Russian presidential election
1663:Boris Yeltsin. Farewell to the Era
1522:Boris Yeltsin Presidential Library
1379:1993 Russian constitutional crisis
1203:The Russian Oligarchs of the 1990s
610:Bojicic-Dzelilovic, Vesna (2016).
229:1996 Russian presidential election
14:
1517:Boris Yeltsin Presidential Center
1306:Moscow City Committee of the CPSU
309:’s re-election campaign in 1996.
1850:History of Russia (1991–present)
1766:
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1610:Boris Yeltsin: From Dawn to Dusk
868:'s official website (in Russian)
677:Kotz, David; Weir, Fred (2007).
447:. The manifest was published in
215:, was a group of seven powerful
116:{{Translated|ru|Семибанкирщина}}
23:
2342:Russia–United Kingdom relations
1840:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1364:Dissolution of the Soviet Union
1219:, January 21, 2011 (in Russian)
517:Berezovsky, they acted through
2403:Boris Berezovsky (businessman)
2337:Russia–United States relations
799:Lloyd, John (8 October 2000).
443:) in an attempt to cancel the
114:You may also add the template
1:
1921:1998 Russian financial crisis
1628:Yeltsin: Three Days in August
801:"The Autumn Of the Oligarchs"
711:Goldman, Marshall I. (2003).
530:1998 Russian financial crisis
445:Presidential election of 1996
2362:Killing of Vladimir Petukhov
2287:List of Russian billionaires
1911:Petroleum industry in Russia
1670:Boris Yeltsin. Life and Fate
1572:Boris Yeltsin Volleyball Cup
941:https://petr-aven-books.com/
845:Journalist Andrei Fadin died
494:published shortly after. As
431:invited a group of thirteen
2317:Azerbaijan–Russia relations
1926:Russia under Vladimir Putin
1855:Presidency of Boris Yeltsin
1835:Economy of the Soviet Union
1589:Confession on a Given Theme
1494:Soskovets campaign strategy
567:, near Ascot in Berkshire.
269:
207:
170:
127:Knowledge (XXG):Translation
86:will aid in categorization.
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2393:Economic history of Russia
2352:Genesis Philanthropy Group
1469:1996 presidential election
1457:1991 presidential election
962:Cambridge University Press
925:Seven Bankers. Power Punch
772:"Qui est Mikhail Fridman?"
61:Machine translation, like
2423:Russian political phrases
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1384:Constitutional referendum
1349:Cabinet of Yeltsin–Gaidar
1316:28th Congress of the CPSU
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1207:San Jose State University
954:, Anna Arutunyan (2013).
441:Come Out of the Dead End!
258:
196:
156:
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38:the corresponding article
2332:Russia–Ukraine relations
2016:Viatcheslav Moshe Kantor
1557:Monument (Yekaterinburg)
1359:1991 Soviet coup attempt
1108:Grand Central Publishing
2327:Israel–Russia relations
2322:Cyprus–Russia relations
1860:Loans for shares scheme
1814:Privatization in Russia
1649:President of All Russia
1547:Street of Boris Yeltsin
1484:Loans for shares scheme
1321:Death and state funeral
1284:1st President of Russia
886:. New York: Free Press
587:Loans for shares scheme
523:privatization in Russia
125:For more guidance, see
1771:Category:Boris Yeltsin
1414:Monetary reform (1998)
1409:Monetary reform (1993)
866:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
862:Russia under Avalanche
435:to sign the so-called
323:Russia under Avalanche
319:Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
2011:Konstantin Kagalovsky
1603:Presidential Marathon
1419:1998 financial crisis
1033:The National Interest
473:was developed by the
439:(alternatively named
412:The age of Berezovsky
181:rule of seven bankers
98:copyright attribution
2418:Mikhail Khodorkovsky
2302:Liberalism in Russia
2066:Mikhael Mirilashvili
2031:Mikhail Khodorkovsky
1677:Boris Yeltsin. First
1434:Impeachment attempts
952:Vladimir Shlapentokh
346:Mikhail Khodorkovsky
2297:Ukrainian oligarchs
2131:Vladimir Vinogradov
2106:Alexander Smolensky
1750:← Mikhail Gorbachev
1635:Three August's Days
1423:1998 miners' strike
1344:Second inauguration
1238:ISBN 0-8129-3215-3.
1069:, February 24, 2012
1013:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
1004:Sergei Kartofanov.
842:Sergei Mitrofanov.
560:personae non gratae
497:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
487:released in 2003).
450:Nezavisimaya Gazeta
389:Alexander Smolensky
368:Vladimir Vinogradov
280:in 1610 during the
2046:Iskander Makhmudov
2001:Mikhail Gutseriyev
1883:Goskomimushchestvo
1596:Notes of President
1542:Boris Yeltsin Peak
1394:Elizabeth II visit
1374:Demographic crisis
1339:First inauguration
1088:, February 4, 2016
1025:Dimitri K. Simes.
521:— an architect of
471:crowd manipulation
437:Letter of Thirteen
220:business oligarchs
106:interlanguage link
2413:Vladimir Gusinsky
2388:Russian oligarchs
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2225:Novolipetsk Steel
2126:Viktor Vekselberg
2116:Gennady Timchenko
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2036:Alexander Knaster
1996:Vladimir Gusinsky
1951:Alexander Abramov
1889:Banking in Russia
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1452:Electoral history
1404:First Chechen War
1294:Life and politics
1232:Chrystia Freeland
1195:, August 29, 1998
1116:978-0-446-56354-3
1044:Viktor Martynuk.
892:978-1-4165-6071-5
864:, page 57 at the
655:. 5 November 1996
511:Mikhail Gorbachev
433:Russian oligarchs
374:Vladimir Gusinsky
288:The seven bankers
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2041:Alexey Kuzmichev
2021:Suleyman Kerimov
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1956:Roman Abramovich
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401:Rossiysky Kredit
391:– Bank Stolichny
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1991:Arcadi Gaydamak
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1961:Vagit Alekperov
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359:Mikhail Fridman
335:– United Bank,
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2189:Rosvodokanal
2159:Bank Menatep
2142:& groups
2006:Zarakh Iliev
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1478:Vote or lose
1235:
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1174:The Guardian
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777:Les Affaires
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259:семибоярщина
251:Seven Boyars
240:Andrei Fadin
233:
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188:
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165:Romanization
143:
102:edit summary
93:
73:
43:
35:
2367:Open Russia
2081:God Nisanov
2026:German Khan
1829:Perestroika
1566:Cholpon-Ata
1286:(1991–1999)
1110:, p. 94-97
780:(in French)
565:Sunninghill
541:New Russian
406:That's how
370:- Inkombank
243: [
2382:Categories
2250:SUAL Group
2169:Alfa Group
1821:Background
1736:(daughter)
1728:(daughter)
1642:Tsar Boris
1331:Presidency
1301:Birthplace
990:Kommersant
910:Kommersant
850:Kommersant
831:Kommersant
755:12 January
593:References
363:Alfa Group
40:in Russian
2173:Alfa-Bank
2140:Companies
1966:Petr Aven
1935:Oligarchs
1444:Elections
1098:Tom Bower
929:TV Tsentr
719:Routledge
685:Routledge
618:Routledge
455:Communist
408:Petr Aven
264:romanized
202:romanized
120:talk page
72:Consider
2273:See also
2195:Interros
1712:(mother)
1704:(father)
1562:Monument
1474:campaign
1462:campaign
1234:(2000):
1100:(2010).
1086:EurActiv
880:(2012).
812:30 March
784:31 March
659:29 March
571:See also
551:officer
535:oligarch
294:oligarch
292:Russian
96:provide
2200:Novatek
2149:Sibneft
1215:at the
1209:website
1205:at the
988:in the
927:at the
477:'s and
457:leader
423:History
337:Sibneft
266::
255:Russian
227:in the
217:Russian
204::
193:Russian
151:Russian
118:to the
100:in the
42:.
2245:Polyus
2230:Mechel
2215:Lukoil
2185:TNK-BP
2181:Altimo
1943:People
1720:(wife)
1694:Family
1114:
967:
890:
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691:
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211:), or
2255:Rusal
2164:Yukos
1620:Films
1581:Books
354:Yukos
247:]
63:DeepL
1866:Blat
1656:B.N.
1112:ISBN
1067:Time
965:ISBN
888:ISBN
814:2018
786:2018
757:2018
723:ISBN
689:ISBN
661:2018
622:ISBN
509:and
275:Tsar
187:The
94:must
92:You
56:View
2154:ORT
1191:at
1172:at
1154:at
1135:at
1084:at
1065:at
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1010:by
549:FSB
503:NTV
378:NTV
341:ORT
65:or
2384::
2187:·
2183:·
2179:·
2175:·
1480:))
1201:.
1129:.
997:^
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600:^
361:–
352:,
348:–
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245:ru
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