722:
1052:. In the immediate aftermath, a quaestor was sent to Sicily to look out for Roman interests but eventually, praetors were dispatched as well. The sources differ as to when sending a praetor became normal: Appian reports 241 BC; Solinus indicates 227 BC instead. Regardless, the change likely reflected Roman unease about Carthaginian power: quaestors could not command armies or fleets; praetors could and initially seem to have held largely garrison duties. This first province started a permanent shift in Roman thinking about
4469:
734:
1342:
158:
1855:
51:
2894:
1072:
provinces, the Roman commanders were initially not intended as administrators. However, the presence of the commander with forces sufficient to coerce compliance made him an obvious place to seek final judgement. A governor's legal jurisdiction thus grew from the demands of the provincial inhabitants for authoritative settlement of disputes.
2681:(in western Greece and southern Albania), Epirus was originally under the province of Macedonia. It was placed under Achaia in 27 BC except for its northernmost part, which remained part of Macedonia. It became a separate province under Trajan, sometime between 103 and 114 AD, and was renamed Epirus Nova (New Epirus) (imperial
1305:
had gone out of use by the end of the republic and was regardless in inferior status to a proconsul. More radically, Egypt (which was sufficiently powerful that a commander there could start a rebellion against the emperor) was commanded by an equestrian prefect, "a very low title indeed" as prefects
1090:
to try corruption cases; troubles with corruption and laws reacting to it continued through the republican era. By the end of the republic, a multitude of laws had been passed on how a governor would complete his task, requiring presence in the province, regulating how he could requisition goods from
1129:
While many of the provinces had been assigned to sitting praetors in the earlier part of the second century, with new praetorships created to fill empty provincial commands, by the start of the first century it had become uncommon for praetors to hold provincial commands during their formal annual
1326:
who were ex-consuls. The public provinces' governors normally served only one year; the imperial provinces' governors on the other hand normally served several years before rotating out. The extent to which the emperor exercised control over all the provinces increased during the imperial period:
1317:
Within the public and imperial provinces there also existed distinctions of rank. In the public provinces, the provinces of Africa and Asia were given only to ex-consuls; ex-praetors received the others. The imperial provinces eventually produced a three-tier system with prefects and procurators,
1236:
that year with his consular colleague month-by-month and announced the abolition of the triumvirate by the end of the year in accordance with promises to do so at the close of the civil wars. At the start of 27 BC, Augustus formally had a provincial command over all of Rome's provinces. That
1075:
In the absence of opportunities for conquest and with little oversight for their activities, many praetorian governors settled on extorting the provincials. This profiteering threatened Roman control by unnecessarily angering the province's subject populations and was regardless dishonourable. It
1071:
emerged, magistrates assigned to permanent provinces also came under pressures to achieve as much as possible during their terms. Whenever a military crisis occurred near some province, it was normally reassigned to one of the consuls; praetors were left with the garrison duties. In the permanent
1281:
but, due to their lack of an independent command, were unable to triumph and could be replaced by their superior (Augustus) at any time. These arrangements were likely based on the precedent of Pompey's proconsulship over the
Spanish provinces after 55 BC entirely through legates, while he
1247:
was complete. In return, at a carefully-managed meeting of the senate, he was given commands over Spain, Gaul, Syria, Cilicia, Cyprus, and Egypt to hold for ten years; these provinces contained 22 of the 28 extant Roman legions (over 80 per cent) and contained all prospective military theatres.
1099:
Prior to 123 BC, the senate assigned consular provinces as it wished, usually in its first meeting of the consular year. The specific provinces to be assigned were normally determined by lot or by mutual agreement among the commanders; only extraordinarily did the senate assign a command
1219:
an overlapping command over large portions of the
Mediterranean. The senate, which had long acted as a check on aristocratic ambitions, was unable to stop these immense commands, which culminated eventually with the reduction of the number of meaningfully-independent governors during the
1011:
in
Hispania was not accompanied by the creation of any regular administration of the area; indeed, even though two praetors were assigned to Hispania regularly from 196 BC, no systematic settlement of the region occurred for nearly thirty years and what administration occurred was
1306:
were normally low-ranking officers and equestrians were not normally part of the elite. In
Augustus' "second settlement" of 23 BC, he gave up his continual holding of the consulship in exchange for a general proconsulship – with a special dispensation from the law that nullified
2014:(central and part of northern France) province created in the territories in Gaul conquered by Julius Caesar; there is uncertainty as to whether it was created with Augustus’ first visit and the first census on Gaul or during Augustus’ visit in 16–13 (imperial proconsular province)
2368:), Augustus subdued its inhabitants, the Salassi, in 15 BC. It was incorporated into Raetia. The date of the creation of the province is uncertain. It is usually set at the date of Claudius' foundation of Forum Claudii Vallensium (Martigny), which became its capital (imperial
1470:(Record of Offices), a document dating from the early 5th century. Most data is drawn from this authentic imperial source, as the names of the areas governed and titles of the governors are given there. There are however debates about the source of some data recorded in the
1182:
In the late
Republican period, Roman authorities generally preferred that a majority of people in Rome's provinces venerated, respected, and worshipped gods from Rome proper and Roman Italy to an extent, alongside normal services done in honor of their "traditional" gods.
1058:. Instead of being a task of military expansion, it became a recurrent defensive assignment to oversee conquered territories. These defensive assignments, with few opportunities to gain glory, were less desirable and therefore became regularly assigned to the praetors.
1120:, as it was not always realistic for the senate to anticipate the theatres of war some six months in advance. Instead, the senate chose to assign consuls to permanent provinces near expected trouble spots. From 200 to 124 BC, only 22 per cent of recorded consular
1327:
Tiberius, for example, once reprimanded legates in the imperial provinces for failing to forward financial reports to the senate; by the reign of
Claudius, however, the senatorial provinces' proconsuls were regularly issued with orders directly from the emperor.
1170:. This innovation destabilised the system of assigning provincial commands, exacerbated internal political tensions, and later allowed ambitious politicians to assemble for themselves enormous commands which the senate would never have approved: the Pompeian
2797:
Many of the above provinces were under Roman military control or under the rule of Roman clients for a long time before being officially constituted as civil provinces. Only the date of the official formation of the province is marked above, not the date of
1201:
principle of annually-elected magistracies. This allowed the powerful men to amass disproportionate wealth and military power through their provincial commands, which was one of the major factors in the transition from a republic to an imperial
2269:), after the death of Ptolemy, the last king of Mauretania, in AD 40, his kingdom was annexed. It was begun by Caligula and was completed by Claudius with the defeat of the rebels. In AD 42 Claudius divided it into two provinces( imperial
1510:
made the next great changes in 534–536 by abolishing, in some provinces, the strict separation of civil and military authority that
Diocletian had established.This process was continued on a larger scale with the creation of extraordinary
2292:), it was incorporated into the empire in 16 BC. It was called a province, but it remained a client kingdom under the control of an imperial procurator. It was turned into a proper province during the reign of Claudius (41–54) (imperial
1449:, which was sometimes called 'New Rome' because it became the permanent seat of the government. In Italy itself, Rome had not been the imperial residence for some time and 286 Diocletian formally moved the seat of government to
1263:, as their commanders were still assigned by the senate on an annual basis consistent with tradition. Because no one man could command in practically all the border-regions of the empire at once, Augustus appointed subordinate
1000:
saw the
Macedonian province revived, the senate settled affairs in the region by abolishing Macedonia and replacing it with four client republics. Macedonia only came under direct Roman administration in the aftermath of the
3742:
1114:, which required the senate to select the consular provinces before the consular elections and made this announcement immune from tribunician veto. The law had the effect of, over time, abolishing the temporary
2443:(between France and Italy), in 14 BC it became a nominal prefecture which was run by the ruling dynasty of the Cotii. It was named after the king, Marcus Julius Cottius. It became a province in 63 (imperial
1134:
after the end of their term. The use of prorogation was due to an insufficient number of praetors, which was for two reasons: more provinces needed commands and the increased number of permanent jury courts
729:(31 BC – AD 14), showing the empire as of 31 BC in yellow, additions to 19 BC in dark green, additions in 9 BC in light green, and additions to AD 6 in pale green. Client states in mauve.
1282:
stayed in the vicinity of Rome. In contrast, the public provinces continued to be governed by proconsuls with formally independent commands. In only three of the public provinces were there any armies:
841:
rank, perhaps as a discouragement to senatorial ambition. That exception was unique but not contrary to Roman law, as Egypt was considered
Augustus's personal property, following the tradition of the
1209:
The senate attempted to push back against these commands in many instances: it preferred to break up any large war into multiple territorially separated commands; for similar reasons, it opposed the
4511:
7420:
2540:
created the necessity to create this province, which had been a military district in Gallia
Belgica when it was restricted to the west bank of the River Rhine (imperial proconsular province).
5644:
3613:, p. 370. Drogula also notes that appointing a person of such low status would mean that he would not have the support necessary among the elite to challenge the emperor successfully.
1237:
year, in his "first settlement", he ostentatiously returned his control of them and their attached armies to the senate, likely by declaring that the task assigned to him either by the
3673:, pp. 347–48, noting also that Tiberius regularly remitted embassies from cities in the senatorial provinces to the senate to allow it "an illusion of its traditional functions".
70:
7400:
131:
1061:
Only around 180 BC did provinces take on a more geographically defined position when a border was established to separate the two commanders assigned to Hispania on the river
961:. In the middle and late republican authors like Plautus, Terence, and Cicero, the word referred something akin to a modern ministerial portfolio: "when... the senate assigned
2139:), Conquered in 28 BC, originally it was a military district under the province of Macedonia. The first mention of a provincial governor was for 6 AD, at the beginning of the
2079:; there is uncertainty as to whether it was created with Augustus’ first visit and the first census on Gaul or during Augustus' visit in 16–13 (imperial proconsular province)
708:
2559:, and part of Germany west of the Rhine) originally a military district under Gallia Belgica, created when Germania Superior was created (imperial proconsular province).
1019:
In the middle republic, the administration of a territory – whether taxation or jurisdictrion – had basically no relationship with whether that place was assigned as a
4504:
4208:
931:, during the middle republic, referred not to a territory, but to a task assigned to a Roman magistrate. That task might require using the military command powers of
1386:. Each of these four defended and administered a quarter of the empire. In the 290s, Diocletian divided the empire anew into almost a hundred provinces, including
5637:
3787:
1042:
The acquisition of territories, however, through the middle republic created the recurrent task of defending and administering some place. The first "permanent"
6058:
4468:
1445:, whose holders generally rotated frequently, as in the usual magistracies but without a colleague. Constantine also created a new capital, named after him as
7415:
4497:
4179:
5667:
124:
6789:
5630:
2707:) seized from the Parthians and annexed by Trajan, who invaded the Parthian Empire in late 115. Given back to the Parthians by Hadrian in 118. In 198
1478:, and it seems clear that some of its own sources are earlier than others. Some scholars compare this with the list of military territories under the
1461:. During the 4th century, the administrative structure was modified several times, including repeated experiments with Eastern-Western co-emperors.
1232:
During his sixth and seventh consulships (28 and 27 BC), Augustus began a process which saw the republic return to "normality": he shared the
3692:
1930:(northern, central and eastern Spain), created with the reorganisation of the provinces in Hispania by Augustus (imperial proconsular province).
6695:
701:
305:
3871:
1972:
province in 11 BC, during the Pannonian War. It was dissolved and the new provinces of Dalmatia and Pannonia were created during the reign of
786:
For centuries, it was the largest administrative unit of the foreign possessions of ancient Rome. With the administrative reform initiated by
4149:
4002:
3973:
3889:
3725:
3366:
1960:
in 35–33 BC. Created as a senatorial province in 27 BC. Northern Pannonia was conquered during the Pannonian War (14–10 BC). Subdivided into
1673:
was bequeathed to Rome in 78 BC. However, it was not organised as a province. It was incorporated into the province of Creta et Cyrenae when
1174:
of 67 BC granted Pompey all land within 50 miles of the Mediterranean; Caesar's Gallic command that encompassed three normal provinces.
295:
117:
1301:
To make this monopolisation of military commands palatable, Augustus separated prestige from military importance and inverted it. The title
967:
to the various magistrates... what they were doing was more like allocating a portfolio than putting people in charge of geographic areas".
6909:
5947:
4201:
1964:(a new name for Illyria) and Pannonia, which were officially called Upper and Lower Illyricum respectively in 9 BC, towards the end of the
1163:
6914:
6342:
5846:
2937:
1210:
1065:. Later provinces, once campaigns were complete, were all largely defined geographically. Once this division of permanent and temporary
466:
6841:
6008:
5017:
3434:
1198:
1145:, but starting with the Spanish provinces and expanding by 167 BC, praetors were more commonly prorogued with the augmented rank
288:
271:
6727:
6675:
6584:
5166:
4087:
4066:
4045:
4026:
3930:
3752:
1519:
in the 640s, which replaced the older administrative arrangements entirely. Some scholars use the reorganization of the empire into
694:
266:
7441:
6864:
6804:
6764:
6670:
6648:
6432:
6087:
6082:
5753:
4114:
2957:
2947:
2942:
1076:
eventually drew a reaction from the senate, which reacted with laws to rein in the governors. After initial experimentation with
283:
1658:(Gaul on this same side of the Alps, in northern Italy). It was annexed following attacks on the allied Greek city of Massalia (
1141:), each of which had a praetor as president, exacerbated this issue. Praetors during the second century were normally prorogued
6929:
6690:
5854:
5591:
4842:
4194:
981:
276:
2759:
into these two units in the north and the south respectively. Imperial provinces (proconsular and propraetorial respectively).
1900:
in 30 BC. It was the first imperial province in that it was Augustus' own domain as the Egyptians recognised him as their new
988:
but the republic did not annex the kingdom, even as Macedonia was continuously assigned until 205 BC with the end of the
7371:
6924:
6173:
6104:
4910:
4834:
4823:
3470:
1741:(to the east) were added to the small Roman possessions in Cilicia. Cilicia came fully under Roman control at the end of the
1437:
Although the Caesars were soon eliminated from the picture, the four administrative resorts were restored in 318 by Emperor
4575:
established after 584. After massive territorial losses in the 7th century, the remaining provinces were superseded by the
1314:, which gave him priority over the ordinary governors of the public provinces, allowing him to interfere in their affairs.
7223:
6298:
4977:
4611:
721:
7041:
6848:
6660:
6638:
6198:
6075:
5914:
5414:
4520:
4413:
3422:
2809:
2748:
2700:
1269:
681:
3715:
7446:
6784:
6529:
4897:
4291:
2213:
1916:
1581:; along the southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula; part of the territories taken over from the Carthaginians in the
1082:
2303:; Claudius initiated the invasion of Britannia. Up to AD 60, the Romans controlled the area south of a line from the
1310:
within the city of Rome – over the imperial provinces. He also gave himself, through the senate, a general grant of
1162:, who had an allied tribune introduce a law transferring to him the already-taken province of Numidia (then held by
1158:
Also important was the assertion of popular authority over the assignment of provincial commands. This started with
6899:
6410:
5998:
4398:
1949:
1945:
in Spain), created with the reorganisation of the provinces in Hispania by Augustus (imperial proconsular province)
1588:
1520:
1291:
1287:
1255:
and the remaining provinces, largely demilitarised and confined to the older republican conquests, became known as
479:
4489:
2722:, Trajan suppressed a revolt by Assyrians in Mesopotamia and created the province. Hadrian relinquished it in 118.
7099:
7071:
6889:
6653:
6405:
6018:
5094:
5036:
4847:
4321:
2752:
2462:
2353:(Thrace, north-eastern Greece, south-eastern Bulgaria and European Turkey), it was annexed by Claudius (imperial
2315:
conquered the north of England and Scotland. Scotland was then abandoned (imperial proconsular province). In 197
1961:
1107:
544:
246:
90:
3835:
7104:
6869:
6210:
5887:
5434:
5419:
5243:
4972:
4919:
4915:
4877:
4809:
4630:
4458:
4448:
4331:
4296:
4276:
4256:
2733:
2719:
2515:
2488:
2018:
1761:
1722:
1542:
810:(from AD 293), the largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside
148:
2711:
conquered a small area in the north and named it Mesopotamia. It was attacked twice by the Persians (imperial
2791:
in the territory of the former Moesia Superior after his evacuation of Dacia Trajana beyond the River Danube.
7151:
6712:
6572:
6550:
6315:
5907:
5654:
5238:
5185:
5122:
4962:
4952:
4781:
4751:
4403:
4388:
4326:
4241:
4231:
3285:
2952:
2643:
2262:
2221:
1912:
1784:
1598:
1438:
1283:
582:
100:
1434:
of Rome (and later Constantinople) were exempt from this, and were directly subordinated to the tetrarchs.
7228:
7064:
7059:
6589:
6427:
6327:
6063:
5983:
5444:
4887:
4771:
4376:
4236:
3758:
2932:
2756:
2567:
2473:
2312:
1923:
1885:
1715:
1442:
80:
790:, it became a third level administrative subdivision of the Roman Empire, or rather a subdivision of the
7324:
6560:
6244:
6228:
6188:
6178:
6013:
5877:
5859:
5705:
5459:
5228:
5041:
4967:
4560:
4271:
2850:
2243:
1742:
1693:
1620:
1399:
1137:
1002:
993:
795:
4882:
4082:. Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 564–98.
1834:
separated. It was legally merged into the administrative unit of Roman Italy in 42 BC by the triumvir
7291:
6183:
5743:
5597:
5114:
4766:
4598:
4568:
4408:
4301:
2737:
2235:
2033:
1556:
1486:
1395:
1376:
997:
989:
224:
85:
65:
60:
42:
5622:
1795:
in 40 BC. The territory remained the direct part of the Roman Empire except for a brief period when
7299:
7136:
6794:
6722:
6417:
6375:
6263:
6193:
6168:
5955:
5902:
5715:
5710:
5603:
5558:
5376:
5366:
5028:
4857:
4804:
4799:
4572:
4306:
4281:
2912:
2899:
2833:
1867:
1729:
was created as a province in the sense of area of military command in 102 BC in a campaign against
1685:
1681:
1666:
359:
733:
7451:
7410:
7131:
7119:
7054:
7049:
6769:
6555:
6439:
6322:
6205:
6138:
6030:
5988:
5828:
5454:
5429:
5336:
5311:
5200:
5084:
4934:
4746:
4543:
4393:
4351:
4346:
4076:
Richardson, John (1992). "The administration of the empire". In Crook, John; et al. (eds.).
3899:
3781:
2858:
2773:, this kingdom (in northern Mesopotamia, in parts of today's Iraq, Syria and Turkey) was annexed.
2495:
2343:
2324:
2320:
2026:
2011:
1647:
1643:
1466:
1221:
846:
617:
256:
105:
95:
1341:
4186:
3008:
7173:
7161:
6809:
6799:
6422:
6400:
6305:
6269:
6163:
6050:
6040:
6025:
5882:
5815:
5581:
5288:
5278:
5273:
5177:
5147:
4944:
4794:
4685:
4675:
4650:
4645:
4478:
Italy was never constituted as a province, instead retaining a special juridical status until
4438:
4433:
4361:
4356:
4145:
4093:
4083:
4062:
4041:
4022:
3998:
3979:
3969:
3926:
3885:
3881:
3748:
3721:
3430:
3362:
2907:
2741:
2708:
2544:
2529:
2387:
2316:
2191:
2140:
2098:
1981:
1977:
1927:
1863:
1753:
1701:
1578:
1571:
1567:
1295:
1087:
874:
842:
536:
529:
332:
3426:
2003:; there is uncertainty as to whether it was created with Augustus’ first visit and the first
7218:
7016:
6579:
6485:
6238:
6122:
5993:
5973:
5937:
5810:
5720:
5517:
5512:
5469:
5424:
5331:
5076:
5066:
5056:
5004:
4741:
4733:
4366:
4336:
3877:
3277:
2917:
2605:
2406:
2195:
2117:
2094:
1655:
1582:
1499:
858:
838:
658:
652:
645:
631:
460:
439:
384:
369:
364:
349:
233:
75:
31:
1191:
The increasing practices of prorogation and statutorily-defined "super commands" driven by
7405:
7266:
6894:
6597:
6500:
6444:
6381:
6352:
6337:
6117:
6112:
6070:
6035:
5835:
5800:
5775:
5497:
5487:
5394:
5346:
5301:
5220:
5142:
5127:
5046:
4789:
4693:
4665:
4640:
4622:
4251:
3911:
2825:
2784:
2663:
2421:
2410:
2383:
2254:
with the defeat of the rebels. In AD 42, Claudius divided it into two provinces (imperial
2163:
2155:
2148:
2144:
2132:
1796:
1712:
1624:
1614:
1550:
1091:
provincial communities, limiting the number of years he could serve in the province, etc.
1049:
817:
During the republic and early empire, provinces were generally governed by politicians of
374:
1027:
at all and were not administered by Rome. The territorial province, called a "permanent"
4174:
2105:); created with the reorganisation of the provinces in Hispania by Augustus (senatorial
7198:
6737:
6705:
6567:
6505:
6495:
6490:
6310:
6144:
6094:
6045:
5738:
5507:
5502:
5492:
5439:
5384:
5195:
5089:
5061:
5051:
4929:
4718:
4713:
4670:
4660:
4341:
4261:
4122:
4012:
3717:
The 'Birth'of Italy: The Institutionalization of Italy as a Region, 3rd–1st Century BCE
3410:
3400:
and provincial assignment would also create the armies that brought down the republic".
2869:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2612:
2563:
2533:
2469:
2361:
2308:
2060:
1811:
1446:
1382:
1167:
1023:
by the senate. Rome would even intervene on territorial disputes which were part of no
902:
882:
780:
772:
750:
663:
610:
454:
429:
338:
186:
3925:. Cambridge Ancient History. Vol. 10 (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1559:; these two islands were taken over from the Carthaginians and annexed soon after the
7435:
6919:
6759:
6521:
6370:
6233:
6003:
5978:
5821:
5389:
5341:
5306:
5296:
5205:
4905:
4708:
4703:
4655:
4635:
4564:
4548:
4286:
4266:
4246:
3415:
2689:
2440:
2300:
2186:
and became province again after Agrippa's death in AD 44, enlarged by territories of
2179:
2076:
2000:
1897:
1776:
1560:
1546:
1431:
1421:
1336:
1244:
1131:
791:
559:
409:
177:
4180:
https://web.archive.org/web/20060409205643/http://www.ancientlibrary.com/smith-dgra/
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4576:
4311:
3693:"Note sull'«anzianità di servizio» nel lessico della legislazione imperiale romana"
2631:
2304:
2110:
1965:
1904:. Its proper initial name was Alexandrea et Aegyptus. It was governed by Augustus'
1871:
1749:
1689:
1516:
1159:
1062:
822:
818:
776:
764:
472:
424:
394:
320:
195:
7213:
2246:, the last king of Mauretania, in AD 40, his kingdom was annexed. It was begun by
976:
were for the purpose of waging war and to command an army. However, merely that a
7390:
Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in
4139:
4077:
4056:
4016:
3992:
3963:
3920:
7126:
6939:
6884:
6747:
6742:
6732:
6467:
6462:
6360:
6332:
5897:
5892:
5759:
5610:
5482:
5449:
5361:
5316:
5190:
5132:
4453:
4382:
4316:
3801:
2678:
2659:
2627:
2548:
2425:
2365:
2064:
1942:
1893:
1825:
1768:
1708:
1636:
1592:
1507:
1464:
Detailed information on the arrangements during this period is contained in the
1387:
1126:
were permanent provinces; between 122 and 53 BC, this rose to 60 per cent.
811:
768:
515:
157:
50:
4583:
and parts of Greece they survived under the themes until the early 9th century.
1818:) was occupied by Rome in the 220s BC and became considered geographically and
6826:
6365:
6220:
5919:
5477:
5321:
4723:
4552:
4479:
2889:
2877:
2866:
2593:
2428:), created as a protectorate by Augustus, it probably became a province under
2395:
2220:(later proconsular) province, created after the death of its last client king
2072:
1854:
1450:
1404:
1365:
1350:
980:
was assigned did not mean the Romans made that territory theirs. For example,
787:
596:
326:
206:
3983:
7245:
7203:
7178:
7036:
6991:
6879:
6821:
6643:
6392:
5263:
5152:
4761:
4756:
4371:
2927:
2597:
2511:
2499:
2458:
2339:
1992:
1973:
1934:
1738:
1670:
1659:
1512:
1458:
1410:
1391:
1370:
1346:
1239:
1203:
1147:
937:
but otherwise could even be a task assigned to a junior magistrates without
834:
807:
668:
638:
504:
486:
449:
7281:
7276:
4097:
3301:. Formally, the presidency of one of the permanent courts was in fact the
2007:
on Gaul or during Augustus' visit in 16–13 (imperial proconsular province)
7341:
7235:
7086:
7031:
7001:
6831:
6754:
6665:
6477:
6255:
5965:
5356:
5326:
5248:
4957:
4872:
4580:
2788:
2770:
2671:
2615:, formerly the Kingdom of Nabataea, it was annexed without resistance by
2537:
2507:
2484:
2285:
2251:
2247:
2183:
2136:
2022:
1957:
1938:
1889:
1835:
1820:
1651:
1628:
1524:
1426:
948:
933:
830:
829:. A later exception was the province of Egypt, which was incorporated by
826:
726:
603:
493:
404:
315:
213:
1791:(old Africa). Western Numidia was annexed and added to the province of
7336:
7261:
7091:
7081:
7021:
6934:
6904:
6836:
6717:
5929:
5730:
5553:
5409:
5268:
5210:
4867:
4862:
4852:
4428:
2922:
2693:
2639:
2589:
2556:
2480:
2391:
2350:
2289:
2281:
2277:
2266:
2239:
2199:
2187:
2167:
2068:
2037:
1953:
1901:
1830:
1800:
1772:
1757:
1726:
1606:
1602:
1416:
1374:(AD 284–305), with a western and an eastern senior emperor styled
1264:
952:
738:
589:
568:
419:
399:
2025:, Turkey), formerly a client kingdom, it was annexed by Augustus when
1380:, each seconded by a junior emperor (and designated successor) styled
7366:
7356:
7351:
7286:
7240:
7156:
7026:
7011:
7006:
6996:
6680:
6287:
5869:
5563:
4443:
4423:
4418:
2616:
2601:
2581:
2399:
2175:
2128:
2124:
2083:
2004:
1859:
1839:
1804:
1730:
1697:
1688:(in North-western Anatolia) was bequeathed to Rome by its last king,
1632:
1216:
624:
414:
7111:
5609: Affected (i.e. boundaries modified, abolished or renamed) by
1692:, in 74 BC. It was organised as a Roman province at the end of the
7361:
7346:
7331:
7208:
7193:
7183:
7168:
7146:
7141:
7076:
6874:
6816:
6700:
5258:
5253:
5233:
2635:
2585:
2552:
2503:
2414:
2335:
2171:
2102:
1853:
1815:
1734:
1674:
1610:
1454:
1340:
732:
720:
4973:
Numidia (divided as Cirtensis and Militiana during the Tetrarchy)
2566:
was annexed to Syria after the death of its last ruler, tetrarch
7188:
6454:
5792:
3682:
Nuovo Atlante Storico De Agostini, 1997, pp. 40–41. (In Italian)
2704:
2487:, were disestablished, and merged with the imperial province of
2429:
1996:
6968:
6620:
5682:
5665:
5626:
5542:
5002:
4596:
4532:
4493:
4190:
3965:
Commanders & command in the Roman republic and early empire
2127:(on the east and south bank of the River Danube part of modern
2109:
province). The name derives from Betis, the Latin name for the
1106:(outside of sortition). But in 123 or 122 BC, the tribune
6986:
3819:
Laffi, Umberto (1992). "La provincia della Gallia Cisalpina".
1995:(south-western France) province created in the territories in
1480:
1420:. The provinces in turn were grouped into (originally twelve)
575:
522:
27:
Major Roman administrative territorial entity outside of Italy
3940:
Bowman, Alan K. "Provincial administration and taxation". In
3396:, p. 311. "The use of populär legislation to manipulate
1515:
in the 580s and culminated with the adoption of the military
1251:
The provinces that were assigned to Augustus became known as
907:
887:
2532:(southern Germany) The push into southern Germany up to the
1224:
to three men and, with the end of the republic, to one man.
3465:
Eder, W (1993). "The Augustan principate as binding link".
3028:
3026:
1574:; part of the territories taken over from the Carthaginians
4567:. Empire permanently partitioned after 395. Exarchates of
4058:
Greek Terms for Roman Institutions: A Lexicon and Analysis
1915:(southern and central Greece), Augustus separated it from
1783:(new Africa) to distinguish it from the older province of
873:
had an equivalent in eastern, Greek-speaking parts of the
3546:
3544:
2692:, annexed by Trajan, who deposed its client king. In 118
1968:. Initially a senatorial province, it became an imperial
1646:(southern France); prior to its annexation it was called
1430:, who oversaw their affairs. Only the proconsuls and the
1080:
panels of inquest, various laws were passed, such as the
3744:
Beyond the Rubicon: Romans and Gauls in Republican Italy
3417:
Space, geography, and politics in the early Roman empire
3361:. Versailles, Kentucky: Sheridan Kentucky. p. 181.
3357:
Pearson, Patricia O'Connell; Holdren, John (May 2021).
2029:, its last king, died (imperial propraetorial province)
1390:. Their governors were hierarchically ranked, from the
2178:. Reverted to the status of client kingdom under king
2040:(30–25 BC), previously between 46–30 BC the province
1523:
in this period as one of the demarcations between the
1498:, with more mobile forces, and the later, even higher
3949:
Crook, J A. "Political history, 30 BC to AD 14". In
2476:
was deposed and Lesser Armenia was annexed to Syria.
2120:, lost after three Roman legions were routed in 9 AD
1779:
annexed Eastern Numidia and the new province called
1733:. The Romans controlled only a small area. In 74 BC
1700:, who incorporated the western part of the defeated
1613:); created after the destruction of Carthage in the
7254:
6979:
6857:
6631:
6540:
6514:
6476:
6453:
6391:
6351:
6286:
6254:
6219:
6154:
6131:
6103:
5964:
5946:
5928:
5868:
5845:
5791:
5766:
5752:
5729:
5693:
5468:
5375:
5287:
5219:
5176:
5165:
5113:
5075:
5027:
5016:
4943:
4896:
4833:
4822:
4780:
4732:
4684:
4621:
4610:
3968:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
2666:: Porolissensis, Apulensis and Malvensis (imperial
2483:, formed into three client kingdoms established by
3414:
2417:restored the Bosporan Kingdom as a client kingdom.
2075:, part of northern France and Germany west of the
1151:; by the end of the republic, all governors acted
877:. In the Greek language, a province was called an
779:. Each province was ruled by a Roman appointed as
3059:, pp. 564–565, citing, among others, Plaut.
2630:"Trajana" (the Romanian regions of south-eastern
1005:in 148 BC. Similarly, assignment of various
4217:
3003:
3001:
2999:
2997:
2465:was deposed and Commagene was annexed to Syria.
2432:when Alpes Cottiae became a province (imperial
2394:annexed, later incorporated in the province of
2202:in AD 135 and upgraded to proconsular province.
1858:The Roman Empire at its greatest extent, under
1527:and the Byzantine (or the Later Roman) period.
2995:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2977:
2646:(imperial proconsular province). Divided into
2604:were annexed to Syria after the death of king
2409:incorporated as part of the Roman province of
2044:, was abolished, and merged with the province
741:(125) showing the provinces as then organised.
5638:
5590:by the Eastern Empire in 534 as the separate
4505:
4202:
4079:The last age of the Roman Republic, 146–43 BC
3994:Imperium Romanum: politics and administration
1752:was annexed after the death of its last king
1484:, in charge of border garrisons on so-called
1130:term. Instead they generally took command as
771:that were controlled by the Romans under the
702:
125:
8:
4141:The Penguin historical atlas of ancient Rome
3870:Badian, Ernst (2012). "Provincia/Province".
2311:. Wales was finally subdued in 78. In 78–84
1166:), allowing Marius to assume command of the
1031:in the scholarship, emerged only gradually.
7416:List of administrative divisions by country
5613:'s administrative reorganization in 534–536
3302:
2162:, created after the deposition of ethnarch
2036:. The client kingdom of Numidia under king
1976:(69–79). In 107, Pannonia was divided into
1787:, created in 146 BC, which became known as
1745:(73–63 BC), reorganised by Pompey in 63 BC.
1492:
1472:
1192:
1121:
1115:
1101:
1066:
1053:
1043:
1006:
971:
962:
956:
942:
926:
758:
6976:
6965:
6628:
6617:
5690:
5679:
5675:
5662:
5645:
5631:
5623:
5539:
5173:
5024:
5013:
4999:
4830:
4618:
4607:
4593:
4529:
4512:
4498:
4490:
4209:
4195:
4187:
3919:Bowman, Alan K; et al., eds. (1996).
3786:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
3332:
3252:
3236:
3116:
3104:
3092:
3080:
3056:
3032:
2338:annexed by Claudius (in 74 AD merged with
709:
695:
143:
132:
118:
49:
38:
4547:. Provincial administration reformed and
2787:(most of Bulgaria and Serbia) created by
2514:which had been a part of the province of
2166:, formed initially from the territory of
1368:introduced a radical reform known as the
1267:for each of the provinces with the title
984:in 211 BC received Macedonia as his
4521:Late Roman and early Byzantine provinces
1635:), bequeathed to Rome by its last king,
1457:), while taking up residence himself in
1112:lex Sempronia de provinciis consularibus
951:and the civil jurisdiction of the urban
806:A province was the basic and, until the
4175:Map of the Roman Empire in the year 300
3950:
3941:
3882:10.1093/acrefore/9780199381135.013.5393
3774:Decline of the Roman republic: Volume 2
3634:
3622:
3610:
3598:
3586:
3562:
3550:
3535:
3519:
3495:
3483:
3393:
3381:
3344:
3328:
3316:
3264:
3248:
3224:
3212:
3200:
3188:
3176:
3164:
3152:
3140:
3128:
2973:
1016:and emerged from military necessities.
551:
503:
438:
383:
348:
304:
255:
168:
146:
41:
4018:The constitution of the Roman republic
3907:
3897:
3779:
3720:. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
3670:
3658:
3646:
3574:
3298:
2815:Primary sources for lists of provinces
2327:. Imperial provinces (proconsular and
2216:(central Anatolia – Turkey); imperial
1984:– imperial provinces (proconsular and
1048:was that of Sicily, created after the
3507:
3282:The praetorship in the Roman republic
3044:
2479:AD 72 – Western mountainous parts of
1243:creating the Triumvirate or that the
970:The first commanders dispatched with
763:) were the administrative regions of
7:
4218:Provinces of the early Roman Empire
1086:in 149 BC, which established a
941:: for example, the treasury was the
837:and was ruled by a governor of only
3842:(in Italian). Enciclopedia Italiana
2938:History of the Mediterranean region
1919:(senatorial propraetorial province)
1563:, in 238 BC and 237 BC respectively
2744:(imperial propraetorial province).
1322:who were ex-praetors, and legates
25:
2151:(imperial proconsular provinces).
1718:, creating the province of Syria.
1298:, only Africa retained a legion.
1197:political tactics undermined the
6433:Organized incorporated territory
4953:Africa proconsularis (Zeugitana)
4579:in c. 640–660, although in
4467:
4115:"Early imperial Roman provinces"
3922:The Augustan empire, 43 BC–AD 69
2958:Local government (ancient Roman)
2948:List of Graeco-Roman geographers
2943:Latin spelling and pronunciation
2892:
2658:. Divided into three provinces (
2143:. In 85 Moesia was divided into
1345:The new territorial division of
156:
7421:Slavic administrative divisions
4563:established after the death of
4160:Großer Atlas zur Weltgeschichte
3450:Hekster, Olivier; Kaizer, Ted.
1828:, but remained politically and
982:Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus
6970:Non-English terms or loanwords
6174:Direct-controlled municipality
4911:Flaminia et Picenum Annonarium
4835:Diocese of Suburbicarian Italy
3471:University of California Press
3359:World History: Our Human Story
3047:, pp. 81, 84–86, 138–139.
2642:), conquered by Trajan in the
1807:) as a client king (30–25 BC).
1570:; along the east coast of the
1549:and annexed at the end of the
1:
6299:Special administrative region
4978:Tripolitania (Roman province)
4556:
3714:Carlà-Uhink, Filippo (2017).
2362:Alpes Atrectianae et Poeninae
1756:and added to the province of
1650:(Gallia on the other side of
1545:(Sicily) taken over from the
1354:
897:), with a governor called an
794:(in turn subdivisions of the
6199:Mountain resort municipality
6076:Intermediate school district
6059:Educational service district
5915:Regional county municipality
3452:Frontiers in the Roman world
3423:University of Michigan Press
2820:Early Roman Empire provinces
2810:List of Late Roman provinces
2804:Provinces of the late empire
2755:, Septimius Severus divided
2696:restored this client kingdom
1270:legatus Augusti pro praetore
6530:Autonomous territorial unit
5586: Re-established after
4898:Diocese of Annonarian Italy
4144:. Penguin. pp. 74–75.
4021:. Oxford University Press.
3876:. Oxford University Press.
3747:. Oxford University Press.
3741:Williams, J. H. C. (2020).
3467:Between republic and empire
2844:Late Roman Empire provinces
1850:Provinces of the Principate
1760:, creating the province of
1245:war on Cleopatra and Antony
1083:lex Calpurnia de repetundis
7468:
6411:National capital territory
6132:Indian reserve/reservation
5999:Indian government district
5653:Designations for types of
4036:Loewenstein, Karl (1973).
2807:
2502:(reigned AD 69–79) merged
2067:south of the Rhine river,
1711:; Pompey deposed the last
1402:through those governed by
1334:
1164:Quintus Caecilius Metellus
908:
888:
865:comes from the Latin word
29:
7401:Autonomous administration
7388:
6975:
6964:
6627:
6616:
6406:Federal capital territory
6019:Non-metropolitan district
6009:Local government district
5689:
5678:
5674:
5661:
5576:
5559:Quaestura exercitus (536)
5549:
5538:
5012:
4998:
4606:
4592:
4539:
4528:
4476:
4465:
4227:
3307:of the praetor-president.
2670:provinces). Abandoned by
2386:(the eastern half of the
1908:, Alexandreae et Aegypti.
1654:) to distinguish it from
1490:, and the higher ranking
1199:republican constitutional
1108:Gaius Sempronius Gracchus
906:
886:
545:Senatus consultum ultimum
440:Extraordinary magistrates
91:Environmental determinism
6211:Specialized municipality
5888:Consolidated city-county
5435:Palaestina III Salutaris
4631:Alpes Poeninae et Graiae
4257:Alpes Graiae et Poeninae
3991:Lintott, Andrew (1993).
3823:(in Italian) (80): 5–23.
3649:, pp. 346, 369–370.
3319:, pp. 229–330, 341.
3179:, pp. 256–257, 263.
2580:AD 100 – Territories of
2398:(probably under Emperor
2048:, creating the province
149:Politics of ancient Rome
30:Not to be confused with
7442:Ancient Roman provinces
6573:Military exclusion zone
6551:Exclusive economic zone
6316:National capital region
5908:Non-metropolitan county
5655:administrative division
5602: Placed under the
4963:Mauretania Caesariensis
4782:Diocese of the Britains
4404:Mauretania Caesariensis
3286:Oxford University Press
2953:List of historical maps
2727:Under Septimius Severus
2472:, its last client king
2461:, its last client king
2319:divided Britannia into
2265:, (western and central
2263:Mauretania Caesariensis
737:The Roman Empire under
101:Quantitative revolution
6590:Self-administered zone
6428:Incorporated territory
6295:Administrative region
6064:Local service district
5984:Congressional district
5445:Phoenice II Libanensis
5148:Macedonia II Salutaris
4561:praetorian prefectures
4523:(4th–7th centuries AD)
4377:Hispania Tarraconensis
4138:Scarre, Chris (1995).
4055:Mason, Hugh J (1974).
4038:The Governance of Rome
3962:Drogula, Fred (2015).
3834:Aurigemma, Salvatore.
3303:
3063:, 156, 158, 474; Ter.
2933:History of cartography
2568:Aristobulus of Chalcis
2474:Aristobulus of Chalcis
2242:); after the death of
2160:procuratorial province
1924:Hispania Tarraconensis
1875:
1716:Philip II Philoromaeus
1591:was annexed after the
1493:
1473:
1443:praetorian prefectures
1424:, headed usually by a
1361:
1228:Early imperial period
1193:
1178:Late Republican period
1122:
1116:
1102:
1067:
1054:
1044:
1007:
972:
963:
957:
943:
927:
759:
754:
742:
730:
306:Political institutions
81:History of cartography
6561:Special economic zone
6245:Praetorian prefecture
6229:Autonomous prefecture
6189:Regional municipality
6179:District municipality
6014:Metropolitan district
5878:Administrative county
5860:Residential community
5706:Local government area
5167:Praetorian prefecture
5042:Noricum mediterraneum
5018:Praetorian prefecture
4968:Mauretania Sitifensis
4863:Picenum Suburbicarium
4824:Praetorian prefecture
4612:Praetorian prefecture
4559: 293. Permanent
3772:Long, George (1866).
2851:Laterculus Veronensis
2736:, was separated from
2250:and was completed by
2052:(except territory of
1952:, Augustus conquered
1870:are shaded pink, and
1857:
1842:'s unpublished acts (
1838:as a ratification of
1743:Third Mithridatic War
1694:Third Mithridatic War
1677:was annexed in 66 BC.
1494:Comites rei militaris
1344:
1335:Further information:
1138:quaestiones perpetuae
1003:Fourth Macedonian War
998:Third Macedonian Wars
821:rank, usually former
736:
724:
7152:Njësi administrative
6184:Neutral municipality
6123:Subdivision of India
5855:Autonomous community
5744:Metropolitan borough
5684:Common English terms
5598:Diocese of Illyricum
5592:Prefecture of Africa
5347:Galatia II Salutaris
5115:Diocese of Macedonia
5005:Eastern Roman Empire
4767:Mauretania Tingitana
4599:Western Roman Empire
4409:Mauretania Tingitana
4302:Corsica and Sardinia
4242:Africa proconsularis
4061:. Toronto: Hakkert.
3522:, p. 354; Aug.
3009:"Le province romane"
2738:Africa Proconsularis
2236:Mauretania Tingitana
2131:, the north part of
2050:Africa Proconsularis
2034:Africa Proconsularis
2010:27 BC or 16–13 BC –
1991:27 BC or 16–13 BC –
1892:after his defeat of
1868:senatorial provinces
1557:Sardinia and Corsica
1536:Republican provinces
1396:Africa Proconsularis
1331:Late imperial period
1261:senatorial provinces
1187:Transition to empire
990:First Macedonian War
796:imperial prefectures
385:Ordinary magistrates
86:Historical geography
43:History of geography
18:Senatorial provinces
6795:Autonomous republic
6723:Enclave and exclave
6622:Other English terms
6418:Dependent territory
6264:Autonomous province
6194:Resort municipality
6169:County municipality
5956:Overseas department
5903:Metropolitan county
5716:Unincorporated area
5604:Quaestura exercitus
5377:Diocese of the East
5367:Pontus Polemoniacus
5029:Diocese of Pannonia
4858:Lucania et Bruttium
4805:Maxima Caesariensis
4800:Flavia Caesariensis
4307:Crete and Cyrenaica
4282:Bithynia and Pontus
4125:on 26 December 2016
3808:. Vol. 41. 36.
3637:, pp. 360–363.
3625:, pp. 358–359.
3577:, pp. 346–347.
3565:, pp. 355–356.
3538:, pp. 354–355.
3335:, pp. 573–574.
3288:. pp. 626–627.
3267:, pp. 299–300.
3215:, pp. 279–281.
3203:, pp. 275–276.
3191:, pp. 266–268.
3167:, pp. 253–254.
3131:, pp. 242–245.
3095:, pp. 566–567.
2913:Classical antiquity
2900:Ancient Rome portal
2551:south of the River
2364:(between Italy and
1686:Kingdom of Bithynia
1667:Crete and Cyrenaica
1273:. These lieutenant
833:after the death of
725:Roman Empire under
7447:Historical regions
7411:Electoral district
6728:Federal dependency
6556:Free economic zone
6440:Overseas territory
6323:Development region
6206:Rural municipality
6139:Indian reservation
6031:Municipal district
5989:Electoral district
5829:Free imperial city
5455:Syria II Salutaris
5312:Armenian Satrapies
5085:Dacia Mediterranea
5007:(395–c. 640)
4935:Venetia et Histria
4843:Apulia et Calabria
4544:Notitia Dignitatum
4394:Lycia et Pamphylia
4372:Hispania Lusitania
4352:Gallia Narbonensis
4347:Gallia Lugdunensis
3953:, pp. 70–112.
3944:, pp. 344–70.
3836:"Gallia Cisalpina"
3589:, pp. 356–57.
3155:, pp. 250–51.
2859:Notitia dignitatum
2496:Lycia et Pamphylia
2344:Lycia et Pamphylia
2325:Britannia Inferior
2321:Britannia Superior
2012:Gallia Lugdunensis
1876:
1866:are shaded green,
1864:imperial provinces
1682:Bithynia et Pontus
1648:Gallia Transalpina
1644:Gallia Narbonensis
1467:Notitia Dignitatum
1439:Constantine I
1362:
1358: AD 300
1294:; after Augustus'
1253:imperial provinces
992:. Even though the
847:Hellenistic period
743:
731:
618:Triumvir monetalis
552:Titles and honours
106:Critical geography
96:Regional geography
7429:
7428:
7384:
7383:
7380:
7379:
6960:
6959:
6956:
6955:
6952:
6951:
6948:
6947:
6612:
6611:
6608:
6607:
6526:Territorial unit
6423:Federal territory
6401:Capital territory
6306:Autonomous region
6270:Overseas province
6164:City municipality
6055:Service district
6051:Sanitary district
6041:Regional district
6026:Military district
5883:Autonomous county
5816:Incorporated city
5620:
5619:
5582:Septem Provinciae
5572:
5571:
5544:Other territories
5534:
5533:
5530:
5529:
5526:
5525:
5317:Armenia III (536)
5289:Diocese of Pontus
5279:Phrygia Salutaris
5274:Phrygia Pacatiana
5178:Diocese of Thrace
5161:
5160:
4994:
4993:
4990:
4989:
4986:
4985:
4945:Diocese of Africa
4818:
4817:
4686:Diocese of Vienne
4676:Maxima Sequanorum
4588:
4587:
4487:
4486:
4439:Pannonia Superior
4434:Pannonia Inferior
4362:Germania Superior
4357:Germania Inferior
4221:
4151:978-0-14-051329-5
4004:978-0-415-09375-0
3975:978-1-4696-2314-6
3891:978-0-19-938113-5
3727:978-3-11-054478-7
3510:, pp. 76–77.
3368:978-1-60153-123-0
2908:Ancient geography
2799:
2742:Septimius Severus
2709:Septimius Severus
2545:Germania Inferior
2530:Germania Superior
2388:Kingdom of Pontus
2317:Septimius Severus
2099:Hispania Ulterior
1982:Pannonia Inferior
1978:Pannonia Superior
1928:Hispania Citerior
1874:are shaded gray.
1762:Cilicia et Cyprus
1754:Ptolemy of Cyprus
1704:into it in 63 BC.
1702:Kingdom of Pontus
1579:Hispania Ulterior
1572:Iberian Peninsula
1568:Hispania Citerior
1531:List of provinces
1441:, in the form of
1347:tetrarchic system
1222:triumviral period
875:Greco-Roman world
869:. The Latin term
853:Republican period
792:imperial dioceses
719:
718:
537:Quaestio perpetua
530:Senatus consultum
333:Roman citizenship
142:
141:
16:(Redirected from
7459:
7017:Regierungsbezirk
6977:
6966:
6629:
6618:
6580:Free speech zone
6486:Charter township
6239:Super-prefecture
6083:Special district
5994:Federal district
5974:Capital district
5938:Overseas country
5811:Independent city
5782:Imperial capital
5721:Unorganized area
5691:
5680:
5676:
5663:
5647:
5640:
5633:
5624:
5596: Later the
5580: Later the
5540:
5518:Thebais Inferior
5513:Thebais Superior
5470:Diocese of Egypt
5460:Theodorias (528)
5322:Armenia IV (536)
5174:
5077:Diocese of Dacia
5067:Valeria ripensis
5025:
5014:
5000:
4883:Tuscia et Umbria
4831:
4734:Diocese of Spain
4619:
4608:
4594:
4558:
4541:As found in the
4530:
4514:
4507:
4500:
4491:
4471:
4367:Hispania Baetica
4337:Gallia Aquitania
4219:
4211:
4204:
4197:
4188:
4163:
4155:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4121:. Archived from
4101:
4072:
4051:
4032:
4008:
3987:
3954:
3945:
3936:
3915:
3909:
3905:
3903:
3895:
3852:
3851:
3849:
3847:
3831:
3825:
3824:
3816:
3810:
3809:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3785:
3777:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3757:. Archived from
3738:
3732:
3731:
3711:
3705:
3704:
3702:
3700:
3689:
3683:
3680:
3674:
3668:
3662:
3656:
3650:
3644:
3638:
3632:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3596:
3590:
3584:
3578:
3572:
3566:
3560:
3554:
3548:
3539:
3533:
3527:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3499:
3493:
3487:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3462:
3456:
3455:
3447:
3441:
3440:
3420:
3407:
3401:
3391:
3385:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3354:
3348:
3342:
3336:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3308:
3306:
3296:
3290:
3289:
3278:Brennan, T Corey
3274:
3268:
3262:
3256:
3246:
3240:
3234:
3228:
3222:
3216:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3192:
3186:
3180:
3174:
3168:
3162:
3156:
3150:
3144:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3072:
3054:
3048:
3042:
3036:
3030:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3005:
2918:Early world maps
2902:
2897:
2896:
2895:
2796:
2606:Herod Agrippa II
2407:Bosporan Kingdom
2390:) together with
2284:, north-eastern
2196:Syria Palaestina
2118:Germania Antiqua
2095:Hispania Baetica
1888:, taken over by
1656:Gallia Cisalpina
1583:Second Punic War
1508:Justinian I
1501:magistri militum
1496:
1476:
1359:
1356:
1196:
1125:
1119:
1105:
1070:
1057:
1047:
1010:
975:
966:
960:
958:urbana provincia
946:
930:
912:
911:
910:
892:
891:
890:
762:
711:
704:
697:
653:Pontifex maximus
646:Princeps senatus
632:Magister militum
467:Consular tribune
461:Magister equitum
289:Augustan reforms
160:
144:
134:
127:
120:
76:Age of Discovery
53:
39:
32:Province of Rome
21:
7467:
7466:
7462:
7461:
7460:
7458:
7457:
7456:
7432:
7431:
7430:
7425:
7406:Census division
7376:
7250:
6971:
6944:
6895:Imperial Circle
6853:
6623:
6604:
6598:Free-trade zone
6536:
6510:
6501:Survey township
6472:
6449:
6445:Union territory
6387:
6382:Sovereign state
6347:
6338:Overseas region
6282:
6250:
6215:
6150:
6141:(United States)
6127:
6118:Police division
6113:Census division
6099:
6071:School district
6036:Police district
5960:
5942:
5924:
5864:
5841:
5836:Royal free city
5801:Autonomous city
5787:
5776:Federal capital
5762:
5748:
5725:
5685:
5670:
5657:
5651:
5621:
5616:
5568:
5545:
5522:
5498:Augustamnica II
5464:
5371:
5283:
5221:Diocese of Asia
5215:
5168:
5157:
5143:Macedonia Prima
5109:
5071:
5047:Noricum ripense
5019:
5008:
4982:
4939:
4892:
4825:
4814:
4776:
4728:
4694:Alpes Maritimae
4680:
4666:Lugdunensis III
4623:Diocese of Gaul
4613:
4602:
4601:(395–476)
4584:
4551:established by
4535:
4524:
4518:
4488:
4483:
4472:
4463:
4424:Moesia Superior
4419:Moesia Inferior
4252:Alpes Maritimae
4223:
4215:
4171:
4166:
4158:
4152:
4137:
4128:
4126:
4113:
4104:
4090:
4075:
4069:
4054:
4048:
4035:
4029:
4013:Lintott, Andrew
4011:
4005:
3990:
3976:
3961:
3948:
3939:
3933:
3918:
3906:
3896:
3892:
3869:
3860:
3855:
3845:
3843:
3840:www.treccani.it
3833:
3832:
3828:
3818:
3817:
3813:
3806:Historia Romana
3800:
3799:
3795:
3778:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3761:on 22 May 2020.
3755:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3728:
3713:
3712:
3708:
3698:
3696:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3677:
3669:
3665:
3657:
3653:
3645:
3641:
3633:
3629:
3621:
3617:
3609:
3605:
3597:
3593:
3585:
3581:
3573:
3569:
3561:
3557:
3549:
3542:
3534:
3530:
3518:
3514:
3506:
3502:
3494:
3490:
3482:
3478:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3437:
3411:Nicolet, Claude
3409:
3408:
3404:
3392:
3388:
3380:
3376:
3369:
3356:
3355:
3351:
3343:
3339:
3333:Richardson 1992
3331:, p. 304;
3327:
3323:
3315:
3311:
3297:
3293:
3276:
3275:
3271:
3263:
3259:
3253:Richardson 1992
3251:, p. 298;
3247:
3243:
3237:Richardson 1992
3235:
3231:
3223:
3219:
3211:
3207:
3199:
3195:
3187:
3183:
3175:
3171:
3163:
3159:
3151:
3147:
3139:
3135:
3127:
3123:
3117:Richardson 1992
3115:
3111:
3105:Richardson 1992
3103:
3099:
3093:Richardson 1992
3091:
3087:
3081:Richardson 1992
3079:
3075:
3057:Richardson 1992
3055:
3051:
3043:
3039:
3033:Richardson 1992
3031:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3007:
3006:
2975:
2971:
2966:
2898:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2846:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2806:
2785:Dacia Aureliana
2780:
2766:
2764:Under Caracalla
2729:
2664:Marcus Aurelius
2577:
2525:
2454:
2452:Under Vespasian
2422:Alpes Maritimae
2411:Moesia Inferior
2379:
2231:
2209:
2164:Herod Archelaus
2149:Moesia Inferior
2145:Moesia Superior
2133:North Macedonia
2054:Western Numidia
1881:
1852:
1625:Attalid kingdom
1623:, formerly the
1615:Third Punic War
1551:First Punic War
1538:
1533:
1357:
1339:
1333:
1230:
1189:
1180:
1097:
1088:permanent court
1050:First Punic War
1040:
923:
855:
845:of the earlier
804:
747:Roman provinces
715:
686:
682:Other countries
673:
542:
499:
434:
379:
344:
300:
277:Sullan republic
242:
238:
229:
220:
216:
209:
199:
190:
181:
151:
138:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7465:
7463:
7455:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7434:
7433:
7427:
7426:
7424:
7423:
7418:
7413:
7408:
7403:
7398:
7389:
7386:
7385:
7382:
7381:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7344:
7339:
7334:
7329:
7328:
7327:
7322:
7314:
7309:
7304:
7303:
7302:
7294:
7289:
7284:
7279:
7274:
7269:
7264:
7258:
7256:
7252:
7251:
7249:
7248:
7243:
7238:
7233:
7232:
7231:
7221:
7216:
7211:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7181:
7176:
7171:
7166:
7165:
7164:
7154:
7149:
7144:
7139:
7134:
7129:
7124:
7123:
7122:
7114:
7109:
7108:
7107:
7102:
7094:
7089:
7084:
7079:
7074:
7069:
7068:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7044:
7039:
7034:
7029:
7024:
7019:
7014:
7009:
7004:
6999:
6994:
6989:
6983:
6981:
6973:
6972:
6969:
6962:
6961:
6958:
6957:
6954:
6953:
6950:
6949:
6946:
6945:
6943:
6942:
6937:
6932:
6927:
6922:
6917:
6912:
6907:
6902:
6897:
6892:
6887:
6882:
6877:
6872:
6867:
6861:
6859:
6855:
6854:
6852:
6851:
6846:
6845:
6844:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6819:
6814:
6813:
6812:
6802:
6797:
6792:
6787:
6782:
6777:
6772:
6767:
6762:
6757:
6752:
6751:
6750:
6740:
6735:
6730:
6725:
6720:
6715:
6710:
6709:
6708:
6698:
6693:
6688:
6683:
6678:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6657:
6656:
6646:
6641:
6635:
6633:
6625:
6624:
6621:
6614:
6613:
6610:
6609:
6606:
6605:
6603:
6602:
6601:
6600:
6592:
6587:
6582:
6577:
6576:
6575:
6568:Exclusion zone
6565:
6564:
6563:
6558:
6553:
6547:Economic zone
6544:
6542:
6538:
6537:
6535:
6534:
6533:
6532:
6524:
6518:
6516:
6512:
6511:
6509:
6508:
6506:Urban township
6503:
6498:
6496:Paper township
6493:
6491:Civil township
6488:
6482:
6480:
6474:
6473:
6471:
6470:
6465:
6459:
6457:
6451:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6437:
6436:
6435:
6425:
6420:
6415:
6414:
6413:
6408:
6397:
6395:
6389:
6388:
6386:
6385:
6378:
6373:
6368:
6363:
6357:
6355:
6349:
6348:
6346:
6345:
6340:
6335:
6330:
6325:
6320:
6319:
6318:
6311:Capital region
6308:
6303:
6302:
6301:
6292:
6290:
6284:
6283:
6281:
6280:
6277:Roman province
6273:
6266:
6260:
6258:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6241:
6236:
6231:
6225:
6223:
6217:
6216:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6202:
6201:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6176:
6171:
6166:
6160:
6158:
6152:
6151:
6149:
6148:
6145:Indian reserve
6142:
6135:
6133:
6129:
6128:
6126:
6125:
6120:
6115:
6109:
6107:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6095:Urban district
6092:
6091:
6090:
6080:
6079:
6078:
6068:
6067:
6066:
6061:
6053:
6048:
6046:Rural district
6043:
6038:
6033:
6028:
6023:
6022:
6021:
6011:
6006:
6001:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5976:
5970:
5968:
5962:
5961:
5959:
5958:
5952:
5950:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5934:
5932:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5911:
5910:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5874:
5872:
5866:
5865:
5863:
5862:
5857:
5851:
5849:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5832:
5825:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5797:
5795:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5778:
5772:
5770:
5764:
5763:
5758:
5756:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5746:
5741:
5739:County borough
5735:
5733:
5727:
5726:
5724:
5723:
5718:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5697:
5695:
5687:
5686:
5683:
5672:
5671:
5666:
5659:
5658:
5652:
5650:
5649:
5642:
5635:
5627:
5618:
5617:
5615:
5614:
5607:
5600:
5594:
5584:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5550:
5547:
5546:
5543:
5536:
5535:
5532:
5531:
5528:
5527:
5524:
5523:
5521:
5520:
5515:
5510:
5508:Libya Inferior
5505:
5503:Libya Superior
5500:
5495:
5493:Augustamnica I
5490:
5485:
5480:
5474:
5472:
5466:
5465:
5463:
5462:
5457:
5452:
5447:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5381:
5379:
5373:
5372:
5370:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5293:
5291:
5285:
5284:
5282:
5281:
5276:
5271:
5266:
5261:
5256:
5251:
5249:Lycaonia (370)
5246:
5241:
5236:
5231:
5225:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5213:
5208:
5203:
5198:
5193:
5188:
5182:
5180:
5171:
5163:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5155:
5150:
5145:
5140:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5119:
5117:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5090:Dacia Ripensis
5087:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5069:
5064:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5044:
5039:
5033:
5031:
5022:
5010:
5009:
5003:
4996:
4995:
4992:
4991:
4988:
4987:
4984:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4975:
4970:
4965:
4960:
4955:
4949:
4947:
4941:
4940:
4938:
4937:
4932:
4927:
4922:
4913:
4908:
4902:
4900:
4894:
4893:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4880:
4875:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4828:
4820:
4819:
4816:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4792:
4786:
4784:
4778:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4764:
4759:
4754:
4752:Carthaginensis
4749:
4744:
4738:
4736:
4730:
4729:
4727:
4726:
4721:
4719:Novempopulania
4716:
4714:Narbonensis II
4711:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4690:
4688:
4682:
4681:
4679:
4678:
4673:
4671:Lugdunensis IV
4668:
4663:
4661:Lugdunensis II
4658:
4653:
4648:
4643:
4638:
4633:
4627:
4625:
4616:
4604:
4603:
4597:
4590:
4589:
4586:
4585:
4540:
4537:
4536:
4533:
4526:
4525:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4509:
4502:
4494:
4485:
4484:
4477:
4474:
4473:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4461:
4456:
4451:
4446:
4441:
4436:
4431:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4406:
4401:
4396:
4391:
4386:
4379:
4374:
4369:
4364:
4359:
4354:
4349:
4344:
4342:Gallia Belgica
4339:
4334:
4329:
4324:
4319:
4314:
4309:
4304:
4299:
4294:
4289:
4284:
4279:
4274:
4269:
4264:
4262:Arabia Petraea
4259:
4254:
4249:
4244:
4239:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4224:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4191:
4183:
4182:
4177:
4170:
4169:External links
4167:
4165:
4164:
4156:
4150:
4135:
4110:
4109:
4108:
4103:
4102:
4088:
4073:
4067:
4052:
4046:
4033:
4027:
4009:
4003:
3988:
3974:
3958:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3946:
3931:
3916:
3908:|website=
3890:
3866:
3865:
3864:
3863:Modern sources
3859:
3856:
3854:
3853:
3826:
3811:
3793:
3764:
3753:
3733:
3726:
3706:
3684:
3675:
3663:
3661:, p. 347.
3651:
3639:
3627:
3615:
3603:
3601:, p. 364.
3591:
3579:
3567:
3555:
3553:, p. 355.
3540:
3528:
3512:
3500:
3498:, p. 309.
3488:
3486:, p. 114.
3476:
3457:
3442:
3436:978-0472100965
3435:
3402:
3386:
3384:, p. 307.
3374:
3367:
3349:
3347:, p. 306.
3337:
3321:
3309:
3291:
3269:
3257:
3255:, p. 573.
3241:
3239:, p. 573.
3229:
3227:, p. 292.
3217:
3205:
3193:
3181:
3169:
3157:
3145:
3143:, p. 247.
3133:
3121:
3119:, p. 570.
3109:
3107:, p. 567.
3097:
3085:
3083:, p. 565.
3073:
3049:
3037:
3035:, p. 564.
3022:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2887:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2874:
2870:Polemii Silvii
2863:
2855:
2845:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2831:
2821:
2818:
2816:
2813:
2805:
2802:
2801:
2800:
2793:
2792:
2779:
2778:Under Aurelian
2776:
2775:
2774:
2765:
2762:
2761:
2760:
2753:Syria Phoenice
2745:
2728:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2716:
2697:
2686:
2675:
2656:Antoninus Pius
2652:Dacia Inferior
2648:Dacia Superior
2624:
2609:
2576:
2573:
2572:
2571:
2560:
2541:
2534:Agri Decumates
2524:
2523:Under Domitian
2521:
2520:
2519:
2492:
2477:
2470:Lesser Armenia
2466:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2448:
2437:
2418:
2403:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2373:
2358:
2347:
2332:
2331:respectively).
2309:Severn Estuary
2297:
2274:
2259:
2230:
2229:Under Claudius
2227:
2226:
2225:
2208:
2207:Under Tiberius
2205:
2204:
2203:
2152:
2121:
2114:
2091:
2080:
2061:Gallia Belgica
2057:
2030:
2015:
2008:
1989:
1988:respectively).
1946:
1931:
1920:
1909:
1880:
1879:Under Augustus
1877:
1851:
1848:
1812:Cisalpine Gaul
1809:
1808:
1765:
1746:
1719:
1705:
1696:(73–63 BC) by
1678:
1663:
1640:
1617:
1595:
1585:
1575:
1564:
1553:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1447:Constantinople
1349:, promoted by
1332:
1329:
1312:imperium maius
1277:probably held
1229:
1226:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1168:Jugurthine War
1096:
1093:
1039:
1033:
922:
919:
854:
851:
803:
800:
775:and later the
773:Roman Republic
717:
716:
714:
713:
706:
699:
691:
688:
687:
685:
684:
678:
675:
674:
672:
671:
666:
661:
656:
649:
642:
635:
628:
621:
614:
611:Vigintisexviri
607:
600:
593:
586:
579:
572:
564:
563:
562:
554:
553:
549:
548:
541:
540:
533:
526:
519:
511:
508:
507:
501:
500:
498:
497:
490:
483:
476:
469:
464:
457:
452:
446:
443:
442:
436:
435:
433:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
391:
388:
387:
381:
380:
378:
377:
372:
367:
362:
356:
353:
352:
346:
345:
343:
342:
339:Cursus honorum
335:
330:
323:
318:
312:
309:
308:
302:
301:
299:
298:
293:
292:
291:
281:
280:
279:
269:
263:
260:
259:
253:
252:
251:
250:
241:
240:
231:
221:
219:
218:
211:
210:27 BC – AD 284
203:
202:
201:
200:27 BC – AD 395
192:
187:Roman Republic
183:
171:
170:
166:
165:
162:
161:
153:
152:
147:
140:
139:
137:
136:
129:
122:
114:
111:
110:
109:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
55:
54:
46:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7464:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7445:
7443:
7440:
7439:
7437:
7422:
7419:
7417:
7414:
7412:
7409:
7407:
7404:
7402:
7399:
7396:
7395:
7393:
7387:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7343:
7340:
7338:
7335:
7333:
7330:
7326:
7323:
7321:
7318:
7317:
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7301:
7298:
7297:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7285:
7283:
7280:
7278:
7275:
7273:
7270:
7268:
7265:
7263:
7260:
7259:
7257:
7253:
7247:
7244:
7242:
7239:
7237:
7234:
7230:
7227:
7226:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7163:
7160:
7159:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7125:
7121:
7118:
7117:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7097:
7096:Kommun/Kunta
7095:
7093:
7090:
7088:
7085:
7083:
7080:
7078:
7075:
7073:
7070:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7047:
7045:
7043:
7040:
7038:
7035:
7033:
7030:
7028:
7025:
7023:
7020:
7018:
7015:
7013:
7010:
7008:
7005:
7003:
7000:
6998:
6995:
6993:
6990:
6988:
6985:
6984:
6982:
6978:
6974:
6967:
6963:
6941:
6938:
6936:
6933:
6931:
6928:
6926:
6923:
6921:
6920:Roman diocese
6918:
6916:
6913:
6911:
6908:
6906:
6903:
6901:
6898:
6896:
6893:
6891:
6888:
6886:
6883:
6881:
6878:
6876:
6873:
6871:
6868:
6866:
6863:
6862:
6860:
6856:
6850:
6847:
6843:
6840:
6839:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6806:
6803:
6801:
6798:
6796:
6793:
6791:
6788:
6786:
6783:
6781:
6778:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6768:
6766:
6763:
6761:
6760:Neighbourhood
6758:
6756:
6753:
6749:
6746:
6745:
6744:
6741:
6739:
6736:
6734:
6731:
6729:
6726:
6724:
6721:
6719:
6716:
6714:
6711:
6707:
6704:
6703:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6650:
6647:
6645:
6642:
6640:
6639:Alpine resort
6637:
6636:
6634:
6630:
6626:
6619:
6615:
6599:
6596:
6595:
6593:
6591:
6588:
6586:
6583:
6581:
6578:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6566:
6562:
6559:
6557:
6554:
6552:
6549:
6548:
6546:
6545:
6543:
6539:
6531:
6528:
6527:
6525:
6523:
6522:Regional unit
6520:
6519:
6517:
6513:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6497:
6494:
6492:
6489:
6487:
6484:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6475:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6460:
6458:
6456:
6452:
6446:
6443:
6441:
6438:
6434:
6431:
6430:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6403:
6402:
6399:
6398:
6396:
6394:
6390:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6372:
6371:Federal state
6369:
6367:
6364:
6362:
6359:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6350:
6344:
6341:
6339:
6336:
6334:
6331:
6329:
6326:
6324:
6321:
6317:
6314:
6313:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6294:
6293:
6291:
6289:
6285:
6279:
6278:
6274:
6272:
6271:
6267:
6265:
6262:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6253:
6247:
6246:
6242:
6240:
6237:
6235:
6234:Subprefecture
6232:
6230:
6227:
6226:
6224:
6222:
6218:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6200:
6197:
6196:
6195:
6192:
6190:
6187:
6185:
6182:
6180:
6177:
6175:
6172:
6170:
6167:
6165:
6162:
6161:
6159:
6157:
6153:
6146:
6143:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6134:
6130:
6124:
6121:
6119:
6116:
6114:
6111:
6110:
6108:
6106:
6102:
6096:
6093:
6089:
6086:
6085:
6084:
6081:
6077:
6074:
6073:
6072:
6069:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6034:
6032:
6029:
6027:
6024:
6020:
6017:
6016:
6015:
6012:
6010:
6007:
6005:
6004:Land district
6002:
6000:
5997:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5979:City district
5977:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5967:
5963:
5957:
5954:
5953:
5951:
5949:
5945:
5939:
5936:
5935:
5933:
5931:
5927:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5909:
5906:
5905:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5875:
5873:
5871:
5867:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5852:
5850:
5848:
5844:
5838:
5837:
5833:
5831:
5830:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5822:Imperial city
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5799:
5798:
5796:
5794:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5765:
5761:
5757:
5755:
5751:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5728:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5714:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5702:
5699:
5698:
5696:
5692:
5688:
5681:
5677:
5673:
5669:
5668:English terms
5664:
5660:
5656:
5648:
5643:
5641:
5636:
5634:
5629:
5628:
5625:
5612:
5608:
5605:
5601:
5599:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5585:
5583:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5555:
5552:
5551:
5548:
5541:
5537:
5519:
5516:
5514:
5511:
5509:
5506:
5504:
5501:
5499:
5496:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5486:
5484:
5481:
5479:
5476:
5475:
5473:
5471:
5467:
5461:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5451:
5448:
5446:
5443:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5430:Palaestina II
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5374:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5337:Cappadocia II
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5307:Armenia Maior
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5294:
5292:
5290:
5286:
5280:
5277:
5275:
5272:
5270:
5267:
5265:
5262:
5260:
5257:
5255:
5252:
5250:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5218:
5212:
5209:
5207:
5204:
5202:
5199:
5197:
5194:
5192:
5189:
5187:
5184:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5175:
5172:
5170:
5164:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5120:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5088:
5086:
5083:
5082:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5065:
5063:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5038:
5035:
5034:
5032:
5030:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5015:
5011:
5006:
5001:
4997:
4979:
4976:
4974:
4971:
4969:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4946:
4942:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4906:Alpes Cottiae
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4895:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4881:
4879:
4876:
4874:
4871:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4821:
4811:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4796:
4793:
4791:
4788:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4779:
4773:
4772:Tarraconensis
4770:
4768:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4758:
4755:
4753:
4750:
4748:
4745:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4731:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4715:
4712:
4710:
4709:Narbonensis I
4707:
4705:
4704:Aquitanica II
4702:
4700:
4697:
4695:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4683:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4657:
4656:Lugdunensis I
4654:
4652:
4649:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4624:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4609:
4605:
4600:
4595:
4591:
4582:
4578:
4574:
4570:
4566:
4565:Constantine I
4562:
4554:
4550:
4546:
4545:
4538:
4531:
4527:
4522:
4515:
4510:
4508:
4503:
4501:
4496:
4495:
4492:
4481:
4475:
4470:
4460:
4457:
4455:
4452:
4450:
4447:
4445:
4442:
4440:
4437:
4435:
4432:
4430:
4427:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4402:
4400:
4397:
4395:
4392:
4390:
4387:
4385:
4384:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4373:
4370:
4368:
4365:
4363:
4360:
4358:
4355:
4353:
4350:
4348:
4345:
4343:
4340:
4338:
4335:
4333:
4330:
4328:
4325:
4323:
4320:
4318:
4315:
4313:
4310:
4308:
4305:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4288:
4285:
4283:
4280:
4278:
4275:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4248:
4247:Alpes Cottiae
4245:
4243:
4240:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4229:
4226:
4222:
4212:
4207:
4205:
4200:
4198:
4193:
4192:
4189:
4185:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4161:
4157:
4153:
4147:
4143:
4142:
4136:
4124:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4111:
4107:Other sources
4106:
4105:
4099:
4095:
4091:
4089:0-521-85073-8
4085:
4081:
4080:
4074:
4070:
4068:9780888660138
4064:
4060:
4059:
4053:
4049:
4047:90-247-1458-3
4043:
4039:
4034:
4030:
4028:0-19-815068-7
4024:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3997:. Routledge.
3996:
3995:
3989:
3985:
3981:
3977:
3971:
3967:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3952:
3951:CAH 10 (1996)
3947:
3943:
3942:CAH 10 (1996)
3938:
3937:
3934:
3932:0-521-26430-8
3928:
3924:
3923:
3917:
3913:
3901:
3893:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3874:
3868:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3857:
3841:
3837:
3830:
3827:
3822:
3815:
3812:
3807:
3803:
3797:
3794:
3789:
3783:
3775:
3768:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3754:9780198153009
3750:
3746:
3745:
3737:
3734:
3729:
3723:
3719:
3718:
3710:
3707:
3694:
3688:
3685:
3679:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3655:
3652:
3648:
3643:
3640:
3636:
3631:
3628:
3624:
3619:
3616:
3612:
3607:
3604:
3600:
3595:
3592:
3588:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3559:
3556:
3552:
3547:
3545:
3541:
3537:
3532:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3516:
3513:
3509:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3489:
3485:
3480:
3477:
3473:. p. 98.
3472:
3468:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3446:
3443:
3438:
3432:
3428:
3424:
3419:
3418:
3412:
3406:
3403:
3399:
3395:
3390:
3387:
3383:
3378:
3375:
3370:
3364:
3360:
3353:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3325:
3322:
3318:
3313:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3245:
3242:
3238:
3233:
3230:
3226:
3221:
3218:
3214:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3166:
3161:
3158:
3154:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3137:
3134:
3130:
3125:
3122:
3118:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3101:
3098:
3094:
3089:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3066:
3062:
3058:
3053:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3029:
3027:
3023:
3010:
3004:
3002:
3000:
2998:
2996:
2994:
2992:
2990:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2968:
2963:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2879:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2864:
2862:(ca. 400–420)
2861:
2860:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2847:
2843:
2838:
2836:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2819:
2814:
2811:
2803:
2795:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2781:
2777:
2772:
2768:
2767:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2750:
2746:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2721:
2717:
2714:
2713:praefectorial
2710:
2706:
2702:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2687:
2684:
2683:procuratorial
2680:
2677:AD 103/114 –
2676:
2673:
2669:
2668:procuratorial
2665:
2661:
2657:
2653:
2649:
2645:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2621:propraetorial
2618:
2614:
2610:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2578:
2574:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2546:
2542:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2506:, annexed by
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2490:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2456:
2455:
2451:
2446:
2445:procuratorial
2442:
2441:Alpes Cottiae
2438:
2435:
2434:procuratorial
2431:
2427:
2423:
2419:
2416:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2380:
2376:
2371:
2370:procuratorial
2367:
2363:
2359:
2356:
2355:procuratorial
2352:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2330:
2329:propraetorial
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2294:propraetorial
2291:
2287:
2283:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2271:procuratorial
2268:
2264:
2260:
2257:
2256:procuratorial
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2218:propraetorial
2215:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2197:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2180:Herod Agrippa
2177:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2138:
2134:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2107:propraetorial
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2089:
2088:procuratorial
2085:
2081:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2031:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2002:
2001:Julius Caesar
1999:conquered by
1998:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1986:propraetorial
1983:
1979:
1975:
1971:
1970:propraetorial
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:and southern
1955:
1951:
1947:
1944:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1898:Cleopatra VII
1895:
1891:
1887:
1883:
1882:
1878:
1873:
1872:client states
1869:
1865:
1861:
1856:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1844:Acta Caesaris
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1822:
1817:
1814:(in northern
1813:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1777:Julius Caesar
1774:
1770:
1766:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:Seleucid king
1710:
1706:
1703:
1699:
1695:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1627:, in western
1626:
1622:
1618:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1562:
1561:Mercenary War
1558:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1547:Carthaginians
1544:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1509:
1505:
1503:
1502:
1497:
1495:
1489:
1488:
1483:
1482:
1477:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1435:
1433:
1432:urban prefect
1429:
1428:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1413:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1379:
1378:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1352:
1348:
1343:
1338:
1337:Roman diocese
1330:
1328:
1325:
1321:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1246:
1242:
1241:
1235:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1218:
1214:
1213:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1186:
1184:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1149:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1132:promagistrate
1127:
1124:
1118:
1113:
1109:
1104:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1079:
1073:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1056:
1051:
1046:
1038:
1034:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1009:
1004:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
979:
974:
968:
965:
959:
954:
950:
945:
940:
936:
935:
929:
920:
918:
916:
904:
900:
896:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
864:
860:
852:
850:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
815:
813:
809:
801:
799:
797:
793:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
761:
756:
752:
748:
740:
735:
728:
723:
712:
707:
705:
700:
698:
693:
692:
690:
689:
683:
680:
679:
677:
676:
670:
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
654:
650:
648:
647:
643:
641:
640:
636:
634:
633:
629:
627:
626:
622:
620:
619:
615:
613:
612:
608:
606:
605:
601:
599:
598:
594:
592:
591:
587:
585:
584:
580:
578:
577:
573:
571:
570:
566:
565:
561:
558:
557:
556:
555:
550:
547:
546:
539:
538:
534:
532:
531:
527:
525:
524:
520:
518:
517:
513:
512:
510:
509:
506:
502:
496:
495:
491:
489:
488:
484:
482:
481:
477:
475:
474:
470:
468:
465:
463:
462:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
447:
445:
444:
441:
437:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
410:Promagistrate
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
392:
390:
389:
386:
382:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
357:
355:
354:
351:
347:
341:
340:
336:
334:
331:
329:
328:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
311:
310:
307:
303:
297:
294:
290:
287:
286:
285:
282:
278:
275:
274:
273:
270:
268:
265:
264:
262:
261:
258:
254:
249:
248:
244:
243:
237:
236:
232:
228:
227:
223:
222:
215:
212:
208:
205:
204:
198:
197:
193:
189:
188:
184:
180:
179:
178:Roman Kingdom
175:
174:
173:
172:
167:
164:
163:
159:
155:
154:
150:
145:
135:
130:
128:
123:
121:
116:
115:
113:
112:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
72:
69:
67:
64:
62:
59:
58:
57:
56:
52:
48:
47:
44:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7391:
7312:Maalaiskunta
7272:Heerlijkheid
7112:Län (Sweden)
6780:Protectorate
6775:Principality
6696:Constituency
6585:Neutral zone
6380:
6276:
6275:
6268:
6243:
6156:Municipality
5834:
5827:
5820:
5806:Charter city
5780:
5711:Special area
5701:Insular area
5564:Spania (552)
5425:Palaestina I
5405:Euphratensis
5352:Helenopontus
5332:Cappadocia I
5239:Hellespontus
5138:Epirus Vetus
5105:Praevalitana
5020:of Illyricum
4810:Valentia (?)
4795:Britannia II
4699:Aquitanica I
4577:theme system
4542:
4381:
4184:
4162:(in German).
4159:
4140:
4127:. Retrieved
4123:the original
4118:
4078:
4057:
4040:. Springer.
4037:
4017:
3993:
3964:
3921:
3872:
3844:. Retrieved
3839:
3829:
3820:
3814:
3805:
3802:Cassius, Dio
3796:
3773:
3767:
3759:the original
3743:
3736:
3716:
3709:
3697:. Retrieved
3695:(in Italian)
3687:
3678:
3666:
3654:
3642:
3635:Drogula 2015
3630:
3623:Drogula 2015
3618:
3611:Drogula 2015
3606:
3599:Drogula 2015
3594:
3587:Drogula 2015
3582:
3570:
3563:Drogula 2015
3558:
3551:Drogula 2015
3536:Drogula 2015
3531:
3523:
3520:Drogula 2015
3515:
3503:
3496:Drogula 2015
3491:
3484:Lintott 1999
3479:
3466:
3460:
3454:. p. 8.
3451:
3445:
3416:
3405:
3397:
3394:Drogula 2015
3389:
3382:Drogula 2015
3377:
3358:
3352:
3345:Drogula 2015
3340:
3329:Drogula 2015
3324:
3317:Drogula 2015
3312:
3294:
3281:
3272:
3265:Drogula 2015
3260:
3249:Drogula 2015
3244:
3232:
3225:Drogula 2015
3220:
3213:Drogula 2015
3208:
3201:Drogula 2015
3196:
3189:Drogula 2015
3184:
3177:Drogula 2015
3172:
3165:Drogula 2015
3160:
3153:Drogula 2015
3148:
3141:Drogula 2015
3136:
3129:Drogula 2015
3124:
3112:
3100:
3088:
3076:
3068:
3067:, 516; Cic.
3064:
3060:
3052:
3040:
3013:. Retrieved
3011:(in Italian)
2876:
2865:
2857:
2849:
2834:
2826:
2712:
2682:
2667:
2662:) in 166 by
2632:Transylvania
2620:
2575:Under Trajan
2463:Antiochus IV
2444:
2433:
2369:
2354:
2328:
2305:River Humber
2293:
2288:and part of
2270:
2255:
2217:
2182:in AD 41 by
2159:
2141:Batonian War
2111:Guadalquivir
2106:
2087:
2053:
2049:
2046:Africa Vetus
2045:
2041:
1985:
1969:
1966:Batonian War
1905:
1843:
1829:
1819:
1810:
1792:
1789:Africa Vetus
1788:
1780:
1775:– Algeria),
1690:Nicomedes IV
1639:, in 133 BC.
1609:and western
1601:(modern-day
1517:theme system
1506:
1500:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1471:
1465:
1463:
1436:
1425:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1364:The emperor
1363:
1324:pro praetore
1323:
1320:pro praetore
1319:
1316:
1311:
1307:
1303:pro praetore
1302:
1300:
1278:
1274:
1268:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1250:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1211:
1208:
1190:
1181:
1171:
1160:Gaius Marius
1157:
1152:
1146:
1143:pro praetore
1142:
1136:
1128:
1111:
1103:extra sortem
1098:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1060:
1041:
1036:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1018:
1013:
985:
977:
969:
938:
932:
924:
914:
898:
894:
878:
870:
866:
862:
856:
816:
805:
785:
777:Roman Empire
765:Ancient Rome
746:
744:
651:
644:
637:
630:
623:
616:
609:
602:
595:
588:
581:
574:
567:
543:
535:
528:
521:
514:
492:
485:
478:
471:
459:
337:
325:
321:Collegiality
257:Constitution
245:
234:
225:
196:Roman Empire
194:
185:
176:
61:Graeco-Roman
36:
7307:Landskommun
7199:Savivaldybė
7065:Switzerland
7060:South Tyrol
6940:Viceroyalty
6733:Governorate
6691:Condominium
6594:Trade zone
6468:Market town
6463:Census town
6361:Proto-state
6333:Microregion
5898:County town
5893:County seat
5760:Half-canton
5611:Justinian I
5483:Aegyptus II
5415:Mesopotamia
5362:Paphlagonia
5191:Haemimontus
5169:of the East
5133:Epirus Nova
5057:Pannonia II
4790:Britannia I
4651:Germania II
4482:'s reforms.
4414:Mesopotamia
3699:20 November
3671:Bowman 1996
3659:Bowman 1996
3647:Bowman 1996
3575:Bowman 1996
3425:. pp.
3299:Badian 2012
3015:20 November
2749:Syria Coele
2701:Mesopotamia
2679:Epirus Nova
2660:Tres Daciae
2644:Dacian Wars
2586:Trachonitis
2549:Netherlands
2543:AD 83/84 –
2528:AD 83/84 –
2426:French Alps
2413:. In 68 AD
2366:Switzerland
2276:AD 41/53 –
2158:, imperial
2135:, northern
2065:Netherlands
2042:Africa Nova
1943:Extremadura
1894:Mark Antony
1826:Roman Italy
1793:Africa Nova
1781:Africa Nova
1769:Africa Nova
1637:Attalus III
1593:Achaean War
1411:correctores
1388:Roman Italy
1296:Balkan wars
1215:which gave
1212:lex Gabinia
1172:lex Gabinia
1153:pro consule
1148:pro consule
1110:passed the
812:Roman Italy
769:Roman Italy
516:Mos maiorum
296:Late Empire
239:AD 395–1453
7436:Categories
7255:Historical
7219:Shahrestān
7162:Autonomous
6910:Presidency
6858:Historical
6827:Suzerainty
6810:Autonomous
6654:Autonomous
6376:Free state
6366:City-state
6328:Mesoregion
6221:Prefecture
5948:Department
5588:reconquest
5478:Aegyptus I
5440:Phoenice I
5395:Cilicia II
5302:Armenia II
5052:Pannonia I
4724:Viennensis
4646:Germania I
4641:Belgica II
4581:Asia Minor
4553:Diocletian
4480:Diocletian
4292:Cappadocia
4119:Livius.org
3846:14 October
3508:Crook 1996
3398:provinciae
3045:Mason 1974
2964:References
2878:Synecdemus
2867:Laterculus
2808:See also:
2715:province).
2685:province).
2654:in 158 by
2619:(imperial
2594:Gaulanitis
2555:, part of
2447:province).
2396:Cappadocia
2377:Under Nero
2372:province).
2357:province).
2296:province).
2273:province).
2258:province).
2238:(northern
2214:Cappadocia
2194:; renamed
2101:(southern
2086:(imperial
2073:Luxembourg
1906:praefectus
1605:, eastern
1513:Exarchates
1451:Mediolanum
1405:consulares
1392:proconsuls
1366:Diocletian
1351:Diocletian
1123:provinciae
1117:provinciae
1095:Assignment
1068:provinciae
1035:Permanent
1008:provinciae
973:provinciae
964:provinciae
925:The Latin
839:equestrian
825:or former
819:senatorial
788:Diocletian
760:provinciae
597:Praefectus
505:Public law
360:Centuriate
350:Assemblies
327:Auctoritas
230:AD 395–476
217:AD 284–641
207:Principate
182:753–509 BC
7452:Provinces
7296:Landskap
7292:Län/Lääni
7246:Vingtaine
7214:Seniūnija
7204:Selsoviet
7179:Poblacion
7116:Landskap
7046:Gemeinde
7037:Freguesia
6992:Apskritis
6915:Residency
6880:Exarchate
6822:Sultanate
6713:Eldership
6644:Bailiwick
6393:Territory
6343:Subregion
6088:in the US
5920:Viscounty
5847:Community
5390:Cilicia I
5342:Galatia I
5297:Armenia I
5264:Pamphylia
5196:Moesia II
5153:Thessalia
4930:Raetia II
4762:Lusitania
4757:Gallaecia
4747:Balearica
4636:Belgica I
4399:Macedonia
4287:Britannia
3984:905949529
3910:ignored (
3900:cite book
3873:provincia
3821:Athenaeum
3782:cite book
3776:. London.
3413:(1991) .
3304:provincia
2969:Citations
2928:Geography
2881:(ca. 520)
2873:(ca. 430)
2854:(ca. 310)
2839:(ca. 140)
2837:(Ptolemy)
2835:Geography
2830:(ca. 100)
2798:conquest.
2783:AD 271 –
2769:AD 214 –
2747:AD 194 –
2732:AD 193 –
2718:AD 116 –
2699:AD 116 –
2688:AD 114 –
2626:AD 107 –
2623:province)
2611:AD 106 –
2598:Auranitis
2512:Pamphylia
2500:Vespasian
2459:Commagene
2436:province)
2420:AD 63? –
2360:AD 47? –
2340:Pamphylia
2301:Britannia
2280:(central
2222:Archelaus
2097:; former
2090:province)
2021:(central
1993:Aquitania
1974:Vespasian
1950:Illyricum
1935:Lusitania
1926:; former
1917:Macedonia
1799:restored
1771:(Eastern
1739:Pamphylia
1671:Cyrenaica
1660:Marseille
1642:120 BC –
1619:129 BC –
1597:146 BC –
1589:Macedonia
1587:147 BC –
1577:197 BC –
1566:197 BC –
1555:237 BC –
1541:241 BC –
1459:Nicomedia
1417:praesides
1371:tetrarchy
1292:Macedonia
1288:Illyricum
1240:lex Titia
1204:autocracy
1194:popularis
1055:provincia
1045:provincia
1037:provincia
1029:provincia
1025:provincia
1021:provincia
986:provincia
978:provincia
944:provincia
928:provincia
921:Emergence
871:provincia
867:provincia
835:Cleopatra
808:Tetrarchy
755:provincia
639:Imperator
487:Decemviri
480:Triumviri
450:Corrector
191:509–27 BC
7397:See also
7132:Maakunta
7127:Località
7072:Gemeente
7032:Frazione
7002:Barangay
6832:Townland
6770:Precinct
6755:Muftiate
6706:District
6666:Cadastre
6478:Township
6256:Province
6147:(Canada)
6105:Division
5966:District
5357:Honorias
5327:Bithynia
5100:Moesia I
5095:Dardania
5037:Dalmatia
4958:Byzacena
4925:Raetia I
4873:Sardinia
4848:Campania
4826:of Italy
4549:dioceses
4322:Dalmatia
4237:Aegyptus
4220:(117 AD)
4129:26 March
4015:(1999).
3280:(2000).
3071:, 26.63.
2886:See also
2827:Germania
2789:Aurelian
2771:Osrhoene
2672:Aurelian
2562:AD 92 –
2538:Domitian
2508:Claudius
2494:AD 74 –
2485:Augustus
2468:AD 72 –
2457:AD 72 –
2439:AD 63 –
2424:(on the
2405:AD 63 –
2382:AD 62 –
2349:AD 46 –
2342:to form
2334:AD 43 –
2313:Agricola
2299:AD 43 –
2286:Slovenia
2261:AD 42 –
2252:Claudius
2248:Caligula
2234:AD 42 –
2212:AD 17 –
2184:Claudius
2137:Bulgaria
2123:AD 6? –
2093:14 BC –
2082:15 BC –
2059:22 BC –
2032:25 BC –
2023:Anatolia
2017:25 BC –
1962:Dalmatia
1958:Pannonia
1948:27 BC –
1939:Portugal
1933:27 BC –
1922:27 BC –
1911:27 BC –
1890:Augustus
1886:Aegyptus
1884:30 BC –
1836:Augustus
1824:part of
1821:de facto
1803:(son of
1797:Augustus
1767:46 BC –
1748:58 BC –
1721:63 BC –
1707:63 BC –
1680:63 BC –
1665:67 BC –
1652:the Alps
1631:(now in
1629:Anatolia
1525:Dominate
1453:(modern
1427:vicarius
1422:dioceses
1377:Augustus
1318:legates
1308:imperium
1279:imperium
955:was the
949:quaestor
939:imperium
934:imperium
915:eparchos
895:eparchia
863:province
831:Augustus
827:praetors
781:governor
767:outside
727:Augustus
669:Tetrarch
659:Augustus
604:Vicarius
583:Officium
494:Interrex
455:Dictator
430:Governor
405:Quaestor
370:Plebeian
316:Imperium
272:Republic
247:Timeline
214:Dominate
7392:italics
7352:Satrapy
7337:Pargana
7262:Commote
7120:Finland
7100:Finland
7092:Kampong
7082:Hromada
7055:Germany
7050:Austria
7022:Comarca
6980:Current
6935:Tithing
6905:Monthon
6890:Hundred
6837:Village
6790:Regency
6785:Quarter
6718:Emirate
6686:Commune
6676:Circuit
6632:Current
5930:Country
5768:Capital
5731:Borough
5554:Taurica
5488:Arcadia
5450:Syria I
5420:Osroene
5410:Isauria
5269:Pisidia
5244:Islands
5211:Thracia
5206:Scythia
5201:Rhodope
4920:Aemilia
4916:Liguria
4888:Valeria
4878:Sicilia
4868:Samnium
4853:Corsica
4742:Baetica
4614:of Gaul
4569:Ravenna
4534:History
4459:Thracia
4449:Sicilia
4429:Noricum
4332:Galatia
4297:Cilicia
4277:Assyria
4267:Armenia
3858:Sources
2923:Ecumene
2734:Numidia
2720:Assyria
2694:Hadrian
2690:Armenia
2674:in 271.
2640:Oltenia
2590:Batanea
2564:Chalcis
2557:Belgium
2516:Galatia
2489:Cilicia
2481:Cilicia
2392:Colchis
2351:Thracia
2307:to the
2290:Bavaria
2282:Austria
2278:Noricum
2267:Algeria
2244:Ptolemy
2240:Morocco
2200:Hadrian
2188:Galilee
2168:Samaria
2154:AD 6 –
2116:7 BC –
2069:Belgium
2038:Juba II
2027:Amyntas
2019:Galatia
1954:Illyria
1902:pharaoh
1862:(117);
1831:de jure
1801:Juba II
1773:Numidia
1758:Cilicia
1727:Cilicia
1723:Cilicia
1607:Algeria
1603:Tunisia
1543:Sicilia
1521:themata
1487:limites
1474:Notitia
1414:to the
1265:legates
953:praetor
909:ἔπαρχος
889:ἐπαρχίᾱ
879:eparchy
859:English
823:consuls
802:History
739:Hadrian
590:Praeses
569:Legatus
560:Emperor
420:Tribune
400:Praetor
365:Curiate
267:Kingdom
235:Eastern
226:Western
169:Periods
71:Islamic
66:Chinese
7367:Syssel
7357:Socken
7325:Greece
7300:Sweden
7287:Korale
7282:Köping
7277:Komunë
7241:Tehsil
7157:Oblast
7105:Sweden
7027:Comune
7012:Bezirk
7007:Bashki
6997:Bakhsh
6870:Barony
6865:Agency
6842:Summer
6805:Sector
6800:Riding
6765:Parish
6738:Hamlet
6681:Colony
6671:Circle
6649:Banner
6288:Region
5870:County
5754:Canton
5606:in 536
5400:Cyprus
5385:Arabia
5186:Europa
5123:Achaea
4573:Africa
4444:Raetia
4389:Iudaea
4383:Italia
4327:Epirus
4312:Cyprus
4232:Achaia
4148:
4098:121060
4096:
4086:
4065:
4044:
4025:
4001:
3982:
3972:
3929:
3888:
3751:
3724:
3433:
3429:, 15.
3365:
2638:, and
2634:, the
2617:Trajan
2613:Arabia
2602:Paneas
2582:Iturea
2510:, and
2400:Trajan
2384:Pontus
2192:Peraea
2176:Idumea
2174:, and
2156:Judaea
2129:Serbia
2125:Moesia
2113:River.
2084:Raetia
2005:census
1913:Achaia
1860:Trajan
1840:Caesar
1805:Juba I
1785:Africa
1750:Cyprus
1731:piracy
1698:Pompey
1684:; the
1633:Turkey
1599:Africa
1383:caesar
1290:, and
1284:Africa
1275:legati
1257:public
1234:fasces
1217:Pompey
1078:ad hoc
1063:Baetis
1014:ad hoc
994:Second
899:eparch
757:, pl.
664:Caesar
625:Lictor
425:Censor
415:Aedile
395:Consul
375:Tribal
284:Empire
7362:Subah
7347:Rreth
7342:Plasă
7332:Pagus
7320:Egypt
7316:Nome
7236:Sýsla
7229:China
7209:Sitio
7194:Raion
7184:Purok
7174:Ostān
7169:Okrug
7147:Mukim
7142:Muban
7137:Megye
7087:Județ
7077:Gmina
6930:Tenth
6900:March
6875:Burgh
6817:Shire
6748:Royal
6743:Manor
6701:Duchy
6661:Block
6353:State
5259:Lydia
5254:Lycia
5234:Caria
5128:Creta
5062:Savia
4454:Syria
4317:Dacia
3069:Cael.
3065:Haut.
3061:Capt.
2757:Syria
2636:Banat
2628:Dacia
2553:Rhine
2504:Lycia
2415:Galba
2336:Lycia
2172:Judea
2103:Spain
2077:Rhine
1816:Italy
1735:Lycia
1709:Syria
1675:Crete
1611:Libya
1481:duces
1455:Milan
947:of a
903:Greek
883:Greek
861:word
843:kings
751:Latin
7372:Zhou
7189:Qark
6925:Seat
6885:Hide
6849:Ward
6541:Zone
6515:Unit
6455:Town
5793:City
5694:Area
5229:Asia
4571:and
4272:Asia
4146:ISBN
4131:2020
4094:OCLC
4084:ISBN
4063:ISBN
4042:ISBN
4023:ISBN
3999:ISBN
3980:OCLC
3970:ISBN
3927:ISBN
3912:help
3886:ISBN
3848:2014
3788:link
3749:ISBN
3722:ISBN
3701:2021
3431:ISBN
3363:ISBN
3017:2021
2751:and
2705:Iraq
2650:and
2600:and
2430:Nero
2323:and
2190:and
2147:and
1997:Gaul
1980:and
1941:and
1896:and
1737:and
1621:Asia
1408:and
1400:Asia
1398:and
996:and
857:The
745:The
7267:Gau
7224:Sum
6987:Amt
4918:et
3878:doi
3526:34.
2740:by
2536:by
2198:by
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